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Medica Centar
privatna ginekolosko-akuserska ordinacija
Novosadska 1/c, Nis, Srbija
http://www.medicacentar.info
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kao sto su faktori rasta i citokini koji uglavnom poticu iz epitela reproduktivnog
kanala, makrofaga, imunskih celija, Leydigovih i Sertolijevih celija. Ukoliko zelite
da saznate vise o povezanosti muskog steriliteta sa autoimnskim mehanizmima
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Citokini kao sto su IL-1 i TNF-a, sekretovani od strane MIT, mogu dostici veoma
visoke koncentracije u mikrookolini Laydigovih celija i na taj nacin znacajno
doprineti usporavanju androgeneze. Osim MIT, IL-1 i IL-6 izlucuju i Sertolijeve
celije koje takodje mogu doprineti mehanizmu citokinske kontrole androgeneze
(12). Istrazivanja na animalnim modelima su pokazala da injekcija
lipopolisaharida gram negativnih bakterija (LPS) direktno aplikovana u testis
aktivira MIT, dovodi povecanja produkcije proinflamatornih citokina i znacajnog
pada produkcije testosterona, kao i njegove serumske koncentracije (6,12). Osim
parakrine regulatorne funkcije citokina u kontroli androgeneze, dokazana je
sekrecija IL-1, TNF-a i IL-6 iz samih Leydigovih celija, sto ukazuje na postojanje
autokrinih mehanizama citokinske kontrole androgeneze o kojoj se vrlo malo zna
(12,13).
Iako jos uvek postoje neka neslaganja oko efekta IL-1 na androgenetski aparat
Leydigovih celija, vecina autora se slaze da IL-1 snazno inhibise LH/hCG i/ili
cAMP stimulisanu sintezu i sekreciju testosterona (13). IL-1 posredovana
inihibicija androgeneze je najvecim delom uslovljena blokiranjem aktivacije
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Oplodjnje nije "sudar" spermatozoida i jajne celije vec mnogo vise od toga.
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Danas se smatra da kljucnu ulogu u formiranju krv-testis barijere imaju tzv. jake
inter-Sertolijeve veze (inter-Sertoli tight junctions - TJs). Ekspresija TJs proteina
je najvecim delom pod kontrolom citokina kao sto su TGF-b1,2 i 3. U tom smislu
TGF-b3 se najcesce pominje kao snazan supresor ekspresije TJs proteina i kao
takav igra vaznu ulogu imunopatoloskim mehanizmima bolesti testisa (38).
Osim barijere krv-testis, dokazan je citav niz drugih mehanizama koji doprinose
boljoj zastiti procesa spermatogeneze i celija koje ucestvuju u spermatogenezi
od potencijalnog razvijanja autoimunske agresije. Sainio-Pollanen i sar. (11) su
dokazali potpuno odsustvo B7-1 (CD80) i B7-2 (CD86) pozitivnih
imunokompetentnih celija u testisima normalnih BALB/c miseva, dok je u
testisima NOD miseva dokazan znacajan broj CD80 i CD86 pozitivnih celija.
Najverovatnije iz ovih razloga NOD misevi spontano razvijaju autoimunski orhitis
i druge autoimunske bolesti, dok kod BALB/c miseva to nije slucaj. Ovi autori
sugerisu zakljucak da izostanak ekspresije kostimulirajucih liganda B7-1 i B7-2
na MHC eksprimirajucim celijama dovodi do anergije T helper CD4+ (Th) limfocita
i do izostanka aktivacije auto-citotoksicnih CTL. Nausoprot ovome, B7 pozitivne
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