Hydrogen: either +1 or -1, depending on whether it's hydrogen or hydride.

Column 1A metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr): +1. Column 2A metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra): +2 Column 3A (Al, Ga): +3 Column 4A (C, Si): usually form covalent compounds or are found in polyatomic ions. Column 5A (N, P, As): -3 Column 6A (O, S, Se, Te, Po): -2 Column 7A (F, Cl, Br, I, At): -1. Charges of positive ions Almost all the common + ions are metallic. The most notable exception is NH4+ The charges on metals in the representative groups can be determined from their position in the periodic table. Most of the transtition metals have two or more commonly occuring charge. In the following chart, the most commonly occuring charge for each element is listed first. Group 1 All are 1+ Group 2 All are 2+ Group 3 Sc 3+ Group 4 Ti 4+ 3+ Group 5 V 5+ 4+ Group 6 Cr 3+ 2+ Group 7 Mn 2+ 4+ Group 8 Fe 3+ 2+ Group 9 Co 2+ 3+ Group 10 Ni 2+ 3+ Group 11 Cu 2+ 1+ Group 12 Zn 2+ Group 13 Al 3+ Y 3+ La Hf 3+ 4+ Ac 3+

Zr 4+ Nb 5+ 3+ Mo 6+ Tc 7+ Ru 3+ 4+ Rh 3+ Pd 2+ 4+ Ag 1+ Cd 2+ Ga 3+

Ta 5+ W 6+ Re 7+ Os 4+ Ir 4+ Pt 4+ 2+ Au 3+ 1+ Hg 2+ 1+ In 3+ Tl 1+ 3+

Group 14 Ge 4+ Group 15 Sb 3+ 5+ Group 16 Po 2+ 4+

Sn 4+ 2+ Bi 3+ 5+

Pb 2+ 4+

Charges of negative ions The charges on the representative non-metallic elements can generally be determined from their position in the periodic table. Except for hydroxide (OH-) any ion ending in ide is an element from one of these groups, so you can locate it on the periodic table. Group 15 Group 16 Group 17 Group 18 321No common ions

Most polyatomic ions are negative. Their names never end in ide. The only common positive exceptions are NH4+, H3O+, and Mercury(I) Hg22+ 1- ions acetate benzoate chlorate chlorite cyanide dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate) hydrogen sulfide (bisulfide) 2- ions carbonate chromate dichromate hydrogen phosphate oxalate 3- ions borate CH3COOC6H5COOClO3ClO2CNH2PO4HCO3HSO4HSCO32CrO42Cr2O72HPO42C2O42BO33HSO3OHOClNO3NO2ClO3MnO4SCN-

hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite) hydroxide hypochlorite nitrate nitrite perchlorate permanganate thiocyanate

silicate sulfate sulfite thiosulfate

SiO32SO42SO32S2O32-

phosphate

PO43-