UNIVERZITET U TUZLI

FILOZOFSKI FAKULTET
TEHNIKI ODGOJ I INFORMATIKA

METODIKA NASTAVE TEHNIKI ODGOJ I INFORMATIKA

SEMINARSKI RAD

Predmet: Metodika nastave Tehniki odgoj i Informatika

Mentor: dr. sc. Alija Kari, docent
Student: Amar elilbai
Broj indeksa: TO 69/10
Odsjek Tehniki odgoj i informatika

Travnik,januar 2013

TEHNIKI ODGOJ I INFORMATIKA ZA 5. RAZRED OSNOVNE KOLE SADRAJ 1

EREF KORJENID HADO BEZDROB
Izdava: IP SVIJETLOST Sarajevo Zavod za udbenike i nastavna sredstva
Direktor: efik ZUPEVID
Urednik: Ante BANID
Recenzenti: Alija KARID Kreimir KRZNARID Safet OMEROVID
Lektor i korektor: Fahra LUIJA
Tehniki urednik: Vanda BABOVID
DTP: Kenan KREPONID

TEHNIKI ODGOJ I INFORMATIKA ZA 6. RAZRED OSNOVNE KOLE

EREF KORJENID HADO BEZDROB
Izdava: IP SVIJETLOST Sarajevo Zavod za udbenike i nastavna sredstva
Direktor: efik ZUPEVID
Urednik: Abduselam RUSTEMPAID
Recenzenti: adir ISAKOVID
Lektor i korektor: Nada BUTIGAN
Tehniki urednik: Muriz REDOVID
DTP: Delila i Kemal ENGID

TEHNIKI ODGOJ I INFORMATIKA ZA 7. RAZRED OSNOVNE KOLE

MILAN CVIJETINOVID NIJAZ BRAJLOVID
Izdava: IP SVIJETLOST Sarajevo Zavod za udbenike i nastavna sredstva
Direktor: efik ZUPEVID
Urednik:Milan CVIJETINOVID
Recenzenti: : Alija KARID Kreimir KRZNARID
Lektor i korektor: Branka KRECO - MEHID

Tehniki urednik: Fikret DAUTOVID

DTP: Studio BoDo Sejmo ZULFID

TEHNIKI ODGOJ I INFORMATIKA ZA 8. RAZRED OSNOVNE KOLE

PAVLE VALENTID NIJAZ BRAJLOVID
Izdava: IP SVIJETLOST Sarajevo Zavod za udbenike i nastavna sredstva
Direktor: efik ZUPEVID
Urednik: Ante BANID
Recenzenti: : Alija KARID Safija OMEROVID
Lektor i korektor: Fahra LUIJA
Tehniki urednik: Fikret DAUTOVID
DTP: Eniz KURUMLIJA

Sadraj 1
UVOD ......................................................................................................................................................................7

Oraganizacija rada i radnog mjesta u kabinetu za tehniki odgoj (kolskoj radionici) ................9
Ekonomino koritenje alata, materijala, energije i vremena .................................................. 11
Mjere zatite na radu ............................................................................................................... 12
SAOBRADAJNO-TEHNIKI ODGOJ (prvi dio) .................................................................................................... 14
Saobradaj u nsaelju i van naselja .............................................................................................. 15
Pravila kretanja pjeaka ........................................................................................................... 15
Uzroci stradanja pjeaka u saobradaju ..................................................................................... 21
Vrste saobradaja i saobradajno tehnikih sredstava ................................................................ 22
Saobradajna sredstva i ponaanje putnika u njima .................................................................. 26
Vertikalna i horizontalan asignalizacija-Saobradajni (prometni ) znaci ................................... 26
TEHNIKO CRTANJE ............................................................................................................................................ 38
Pribor za tehniko crtanje........................................................................................................ 39
Papir za tehniko crtanje .......................................................................................................... 42
Vrste linija u tehnikom crtanju ............................................................................................... 42
Mjerilo (Razmjera) .................................................................................................................... 45
Kotiranje (Dimenzioniranje) tehniki crtea ............................................................................. 47
Prenoenje crtea na materijal ................................................................................................. 49
Tehniko pismo......................................................................................................................... 51

IZRADA TEHNIKIH PREDMETA I UREAJA ..................................................................................................... 54

O materijalima .......................................................................................................................... 54
Papir .......................................................................................................................................... 54

KARTON I LJEPENKA ......................................................................................................................................... 61

Postupci obrade kartona i ljepenke .......................................................................................... 64
PRAKTIAN RAD: Zatitne korice za knjigu ............................................................................... 65
PRAKTIAN RAD: Kairanje slika i geografskih karata ............................................................. 72
PRAKTIAN RAD: Izrada predmeta od kartona i ljepenke ........................................................ 73
PRAKTIAN RAD: Kutija za sitnice............................................................................................. 74
DRVO I POLUPROIZVODI OD DRVETA .............................................................................................................. 75
Sjea drveta ............................................................................................................................. 75
Vrste drveta .............................................................................................................................. 76
Planinska eksploatacija uma .................................................................................................. 76
Osobine i upotreba drveta........................................................................................................ 77
Prerada drveta i njegovi poluproizvodi .................................................................................... 78
Alati i postupci obrade furnira, perploe i letvica ................................................................... 81
Radni postupci (radne operacije) ............................................................................................. 83
PRAKTIAN RAD: Ljestvice (drai 9 za cvijede ......................................................................... 86
PRAKTIAN RAD: Dra za olovke ............................................................................................ 87

ICA I LIM..............................................................................................................................................................88
VJEBA: Ispravljanje i savijanje ice .......................................................................................... 89
VJEBE: Izrada predmeta od ice i lima (radni postupci).......................................................... 90
PRAKTIAN RAD: Lanac ............................................................................................................ 95
PRAKTIAN RAD:Pincete od lima.............................................................................................. 96
PRAKTIAN RAD: Posudica za boje ........................................................................................... 96
PLASTINE MASE ...................................................................................................................... 97
Radni postupci prilikom obrade plastinih masa...................................................................... 99
PRAKTIAN RAD: Novanik ..................................................................................................... 103
PRAKTIAN RAD: Zatitne korice za knjigu ............................................................................ 104
PRAKTIAN RAD: Podmeta za ae
................................................................................ 105

TEHHNIKA U ZATITI IVOTNE OKOLINE ........................................................................................................107

Sirovine i materijali vani inioci ivotne okoline ................................................................ 108
SAOBRADAJNO-TEHNIKI ODGOJ (drugi dio) ................................................................................................111
Bicikl u saobradaju .................................................................................................................. 111
Odravanje bicikla................................................................................................................... 114

Sadraj 2
PREDGOVOR ........................................................................................................................................................3
Napomena o koritenju udbenika .............................................................................................4

UVOD U NASTAVNI PREDMET ......................................................................................................................6

Sadraj nastave tehnikog odgoja ..............................................................................................6
Priprema za rad u kabinetu tehnikog odgoja ............................................................................7
Ureenje i organizacija radnog mjesta u kabinetu za tehniki odgoj .........................................9
Mjere zatite na radu u kabinetu tehnikog odgoja ................................................................ 11
Planiranje u nastavi za tehniki odgoj ..................................................................................... 12

URBANIZAM,RURIZAM,ARHITEKTURA I GRADEVINSTVO ................................................................. 14

Urbanizam ................................................................................................................................ 14
Arhitektura ............................................................................................................................... 16
Gradevinstvo ......................................................................................................................... 17
Historijat gradevinstva ........................................................................................................... 18
Kratak pregled graditeljstva u Bosni i Hercegovini .................................................................. 19

NASELJE-GRAD-GRADITELJSTVO ................................................................................................................. 25
Koja i kakva naselja ................................................................................................................. 25
Planiranje ................................................................................................................................. 26
Zahtjevi u izgradnji naselja i sadraji u naselju ........................................................................ 27
Urbanistiki planovi ............................................................................................................... 28
Izrada tehnike dokumentacije za izradu maketa naselja ....................................................... 30

TEHNIKO CRTANJE ........................................................................................................................................ 31

Projekcije tehnikih crtea ..................................................................................................... 31
Tehniko srtanje pomodu raunara ......................................................................................... 31
Simboli u gradevinstvu .......................................................................................................... 34
itanje tehniki ctea ............................................................................................................. 36
Projektovanje-tehniki crtei objekata naselja ........................................................................ 36

PRAKTIAN RAD-IZRADA MAKETE NASELJA ..........................................................................................37

Podloga za maketu naselja ..................................................................................................... 37
Praktina izrada objekata naselja ........................................................................................... 37

GRAEVINSKI MATERIJALI ..........................................................................................................................37

Osnovni graevinski materijali (drvo, kamen, pijesak, ljunak, kre, cement, beton ,armirani
beton,prenapregnuti beton,gips,blokovi za keramiki materijali,boje,lakovi i
brojcevi,izolacioni materijali,pokrivni materijali) ................................................................. 38
Novi graevinski materijali ...................................................................................................... 47

ALATI I STROJEVI U GRAEVINSTVU ........................................................................................................49

Runi alati ................................................................................................................................ 51
Graevinski strojevi ................................................................................................................. 52

INSTALACIJE U NASELJU I STANU ...............................................................................................................53

TEHNIKE GRAENJA GRAEVINSKIH OBJEKATA ..................................................................................53
TOK IZGRADNJE GRAEVINSKIH OBJEKATA ...........................................................................................56
KOMPLETIRANJE MAKETE NASELJA ..........................................................................................................58

SAOBRADAJNO-TEHNIKA KULTURA .........................................................................................................58

Javni putevi ............................................................................................................................. 58
Servisni objekti na putevima ................................................................................................... 61
Oprema puta ........................................................................................................................... 61
Slube za odravanje puteva ................................................................................................... 62
Gradski saobradaj .................................................................................................................... 62
Prigradski saobradaj ................................................................................................................ 62
kolske saobradajne patrole .................................................................................................... 62

TEHNIKA U ZATITI IVOTNE OKOLINE ....................................................................................................65

Izvori zagaivanje ivotne okoline ........................................................................................... 66
Tehniki objekti,srestva i ureaji u naselju za zatitu okoline ................................................. 66
Upravljanje otpadom(ta je otpad,vrste otpada,odlaganje otpada u naselju, klasifikacija
otpada, gradske deponije,reciklaa,reulitizacija,spaljivanje otpada) ....................................... 67
Tehniki ureaja za spreavanje i otklanjanje zagaenja (filteri , katalizatori, radioaktivni
otpad) ..................................................................................................................................... 72
Zatita od buke ........................................................................................................................ 74
Tehnika srestva u zatiti ivotne okoline od poara(vatra,uzroci poara,tehnika srestva za
gaenje poara)......................................................................................................................... 75
kolske ekoloke stanice ......................................................................................................... 77
Odrivi razvoj ........................................................................................................................... 80

ZA ONE KOJI ELE VIE ................................................................................................................................... 82

Sadraj 3
UVOD .......................................................................................................................................................5
Organizacija rada i obaveze uenika............................................................................................6
Priprema i tok izvoenje praktinog rada ...................................................................................7
TEHNIKO CRTANJE U MAINSTVU .........................................................................................................9
Tehniko pismo......................................................................................................................... 11
Vrste tehniki crtea ................................................................................................................. 12
Formati papira za crtanje ......................................................................................................... 16
Mjerilo (Razmjera) .................................................................................................................... 17
Kotiranje (Dimenzioniranje) tehniki crtea ............................................................................. 21
Zaglavlje i sastavnica................................................................................................................. 24
Pitanja ....................................................................................................................................... 26
MAINSKI MATERIJALI ........................................................................................................................................27
Podjela mainski materijala ..................................................................................................... 27
Osobine metala i legure .......................................................................................................... 28
eljezo i elik ........................................................................................................................... 28
Bakar ........................................................................................................................................ 31
Aluminij .................................................................................................................................... 31

ELEMENTI MAINA .............................................................................................................................................................33

Elementi za spajanje ................................................................................................................ 33
Elementi za kruno kretanje ..................................................................................................... 34
Elementi za prenos krnog kretanja ........................................................................................ 35
Posebni elementi maina ......................................................................................................... 36

RADNI POSTUPCI PRI OBRADI METALA ...................................................................................................37

Postupci pri obradi lima ........................................................................................................... 37
PRAKTIAN RAD:Praktini uloak za krip ............................................................................... 38
Ravnanje lima .......................................................................................................................... 39
Mjerenje i obiljeavanje .......................................................................................................... 39
Rezanje lima ............................................................................................................................. 40
Turpijanje lima ......................................................................................................................... 42
Savijanje lima .......................................................................................................................... 44
PRAKTIAN RAD:Stalak za elektrino lemilo ............................................................................ 45
Buenje lima ............................................................................................................................. 46
Postupci pri obradi ice ........................................................................................................................ 48
Ispravljanje ice ........................................................................................................................ 48
Mjerenje i obiljeavanje .......................................................................................................... 48
Rezanje ili sjeenje ice ........................................................................................................... 48
Savijanje ice ............................................................................................................................ 49
Turpijanje ice ....................................................................................................................... 49
PRAKTIAN RAD:Igla za ocrtavanje .......................................................................................... 50
Pitanja ...................................................................................................................................... 50
Spajanje metala .................................................................................................................................... 51
Spajanje vijcima ...................................................................................................................... 51
Urezivanje i narezivanje navoja ............................................................................................... 53
PRAKTIAN RAD:Izrada unutranjeg navoja navrtki-urezivanje .............................................. 55
PRAKTIAN RAD:Izrada vanjskih navoja na vijku-narezivanje ................................................ 57
Spajanje zakivanjem ................................................................................................................ 58
Spajanje metala lemljenjem ................................................................................................... 60
Lijepljenje metala .................................................................................................................... 63
Pitanja ....................................................................................................................................... 63
Zatita metala od korozije ................................................................................................................... 64
Pitanja ...................................................................................................................................... 66

MAINE ZA OBRADU METALA ..................................................................................................................... 67

Tokarski stroj (Strug) ............................................................................................................... 68
Blanjalica .................................................................................................................................. 68
Glodalica ................................................................................................................................. 69
Brusilica .................................................................................................................................... 69
VJEBA:Primjena buenja ........................................................................................................ 70

SAOBRADAJNO-TEHNIKA KULTURA ........................................................................................................ 71

Motori sa unutranjim sagorjevanjem .................................................................................... 71
Historiski razvoj motora .......................................................................................................... 71
Pojam i podjela motora .......................................................................................................... 71
Glavni djelovi motora SUS ....................................................................................................... 72
Principi rata etverotaktnog oto-motora ................................................................................ 72
Dizel-motori ............................................................................................................................. 73
Principi rada etverotaktnog dizel-motora .............................................................................. 74
Vankrelov motor ..................................................................................................................... 75
Mlazni reaktivni motor ......................................................................................................... 76
Pitanja ..................................................................................................................................... 76

Automobil ............................................................................................................................................ 77
Pitanja ...................................................................................................................................... 78
Sklopovi i ureaji automobila ................................................................................................ 79
Elektrini sistem na automobilu .............................................................................................. 80
Prenosni sistem ....................................................................................................................... 81
VJEBA:Zamjena svjedice,idenje,podeavanje zazora ......................................................... 84
Motocikl ................................................................................................................................................ 85
Moped,osnovni djelovi i upotreba ......................................................................................... 85
Odravanje mopeda ................................................................................................................. 86
Pitanja ..................................................................................................................................... 88
VJEBA:idenje mopeda ........................................................................................................ 88

VJEBA:Podeavanje konica ...................................................................................... 88

kolska saobradajna patrola (SP) ............................................................................................ 89

ENERGETIKA ......................................................................................................................................................91
Oblici energije ......................................................................................................................... 91
Izvori energije ......................................................................................................................... 92
Pretvaranje oblika energije ...................................................................................................... 92
PRAKTIAN RAD: Vjetrokaz ..................................................................................................... 93
Pitanja ..................................................................................................................................... 93

TEHNIKA U ZATITI IVOTNE OKOLINE .....................................................................................................94

Izrada preistaa vode ............................................................................................................. 95

Sadraj 4
UVOD ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
Zato elektrina energija ima ovakvu primjenu? .....................................................................................4
ELEKTROTEHNIKA ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Simboli u elektrotehnici...........................................................................................................................6
Mjere zatite od udara elektrine struje ..................................................................................................7
Uzemljenje ...............................................................................................................................................7
Ukazivanje prve pomodi nastradalom od elektrine struje......................................................................8
Proizvodnja i prijenos elektrine energije ................................................................................................9
Hidroelektrane ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Termoelektrane ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Nuklearne elektrane .............................................................................................................................. 11
Prijenos i raspodjela elektrine nergije od elektrane do kude .............................................................. 13
Kako se izvodi elektrina instalacija ...................................................................................................... 14
Jednofazna elektrina instalacija ........................................................................................................... 16
Trofazna elektrina instalacijaa ............................................................................................................ 16
Tehniko pismo ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Elektroinstalacioni materijali ................................................................................................................ 18
Vrste, osobine i primjena ..................................................................................................................... 20
Provodnici .............................................................................................................................................. 21
Instalacione cijevi i pribor za cijevi ........................................................................................................ 21

Sijalina grla ........................................................................................................................................... 21

Prekidai ................................................................................................................................................ 22
Prikljuni pribor ..................................................................................................................................... 23
Instalacioni osigurai ............................................................................................................................. 23
Elektrino brojilo ................................................................................................................................... 25
Osnovni alat i pribor za izvoenje radova u elektrotehnici................................................................... 27
Obrada i spajanje provodnika: vjeba 1. .............................................................................................. 28
Jednostavna ispitivanja ispravnosti elektrine instalacije: vjeba 2...................................................... 31
Sastavljanje strujnog kola elektrinog zvonca: vjeba 3. ...................................................................... 32
Zamjena uloka topljivog osiguraa: vjeba 4. ..................................................................................... 34
Izraunavanje utroka elektrine energije: vjeba 5. ............................................................................ 35
Crtanje strujnih krugova: vjeba 6 ......................................................................................................... 36
Crtanje plana elektrine instalacije sa tri strujna kruga: vjeba 7. ........................................................ 37
Ukljuivanje lektrinog brojila: vjeba 8. ............................................................................................... 37
Sastavljanje jednog dijela elektrine instalacije u kudi: vjeba 9. ......................................................... 38
Proraun snage prijemnika elektrinim brojilom: vjeba 10. ................................................................ 40
Kudanski elektrini aparati .................................................................................................................... 41
Osnovni dijelovi i principi rada elektrotoplinskih ureaja .................................................................... 42
Grijna tijela (grijai) ............................................................................................................................... 43
Prikljuni elementi i elektrine veze elektrotoplinskih ureaja ............................................................ 43
Obrtni viepolni prekidai ..................................................................................................................... 43
Automatski regulatori temperature ..................................................................................................... 44
Kuite i ostali dijelovi elektrotoplinskih ureaja.................................................................................. 45
Najvanija pravila rukovanja elektrotoplinskim ureajima ................................................................... 45
Elektrini reo (elektrino kuhalo)......................................................................................................... 47
Elektrini tednjak ................................................................................................................................. 47
Elektrino glaalo(pegla) ....................................................................................................................... 48
Sastavljanje strujnog kola sa bimetalnim prekidaem: vjeba 11. ....................................................... 50
Bojler ..................................................................................................................................................... 51
Elektrina grijalica.................................................................................................................................. 52
Izrada opdeg modela elektrotoplinskog ureaja: vjeba 12. ................................................................ 53
Upoznavanje konstrukcije elektrotoplinskih ureaja: vjeba 13. ......................................................... 54
Izraunavanje snage elektrotoplinskog ureaja pomodu elektrinog brojila i mjerenje utroka
elektrine energije: vjeba 14. .............................................................................................................. 56
Spoj instrumenta z aispitivanje (om metar): vjeba 15 ...................................................................... 57
Elektromehaniki aparati u kudanstvu .................................................................................................. 58
Elektromotor ......................................................................................................................................... 58
Elektromotori naizmjenine struje ........................................................................................................ 59
Kolektorski elektromotori ..................................................................................................................... 59
Indukcijski elektromotori ...................................................................................................................... 60
Rukovanje i zatita
........................................................................................................................ 60
Mali elektromotori istosmjerne struje .................................................................................................. 61
Upoznavanje konstrukcije kolektroskog elektromotora: vjeba 16. .................................................... 62
Primjena elektromotora u kudanstvu.................................................................................................... 62
Usisiva praine ..................................................................................................................................... 63
Elektrini mlin za kafu ........................................................................................................................... 64
Elektrine mjealice (mikseri) ................................................................................................................ 64
Maina za pranje rublja ......................................................................................................................... 64
Elektrini hladnjak (friider) .................................................................................................................. 65
Maina z apranje posua....................................................................................................................... 65
Kako upotrebljavati mainu za pranje posua: vjeba 19. .................................................................... 66

ELEKTRONIKA ......................................................................................................................................................70
Oscilatrono kolo
Demodulacija (detekcija) ....................................................................................................................... 71
Dioda .................................................................................................................................................... 71
Potreba za pojaanjem u radio prijemniku .......................................................................................... 72
Tranzistor............................................................................................................................................... 73
Osnovni simboli u elektronici ................................................................................................................ 74
Integralana kola sklopovi .................................................................................................................... 76
Telefonski aparat ................................................................................................................................... 77
Jednostavne popravke automatskog telefonskog aparata: vjeba 20. ................................................. 78
Radiopredajnik ...................................................................................................................................... 79
Radioprijemnici jednostavne konstrukcije
.................................................................................. 80
Konstrukcija sloenih radioprijemnika .................................................................................................. 81
Izrada radioprijemnika sa jednim tranzistorom: vjeba 21. ................................................................. 81
Rukovanje radio-prijemnikom: vjeba 22.............................................................................................. 83
Televizija ................................................................................................................................................ 84
Snimanje televozojskih emisija ............................................................................................................. 85
Televizijski prijemnik ............................................................................................................................. 86
Primjene televizijske antene ................................................................................................................. 87
Televizija sa slikom u boji ...................................................................................................................... 89
Rukovanje televizijskim prijemnikom .................................................................................................... 89
Ispitivanje ispravnosti anetene i otklanjanje kvara na anteni i antenskom dovodu: vjeba 23. ........... 91
Videotehnika ........................................................................................................................................ 92
Kamera .................................................................................................................................................. 92
Videorekorder ....................................................................................................................................... 92
Rukovanje videorekorderom ................................................................................................................ 92
Satelitske komunikacije ..............................................................................................................................