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Alan Moorehead, The Russian Revolution, N.Y: Bantan Books, 1959, p.15
Leon Trotsky, The New Class, N.Y: Praeger Paperbacks, 1957, p.13
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Leon Trotsky, The Russian Revolution, N.Y.: Doubleday Anchor, 1959, p.242
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E.H. Carr, The Bolshevic Revolution 1917 1923, Vol. I, Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1966, p.21
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Harold Shukman, Lenin and the Russian Revolution, N.Y.: G.P. Putnams Sons, 1967, pp. 2527
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Ibid, p. 39
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Alfred G. Meyer, Leninism, N.Y.:Frederick A. Praeger, 1962, pp 21,31
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The Russian Revolution, op. cit., p.227

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The Russian Revolution, op. cit., p.290


Isaac Deutscher, The Prophet Unarmed, Vol. II, N.Y.: Vintage Books, 1959, p.17
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Victor Serge, From Lenin to Stalin, N.Y.: Monad Press, 1973, p.35
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Ibid., p.40
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The New Class, op. cit., p.15. And Christopher Hill, Lenin and the Russian Revolution, London:
Pelican Books, 1971, p.126
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E.H. Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution, Vol.I, Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1950, p.184
Isaac Deutscher, The Prophet Unarmed, Vol. II, N.Y.: Vintage Books, 1959, p.7
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Leon Trotsky, The Revolution Betrayed, N.Y.: Pathfind Press, 1972, p.22
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Leon Trotsky, Leon Trotsky Speaks, N.Y.: Pathfinder, Press, 1972, pp 109-112

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Deutscher, op. cit., p.4; See also: Christopher Hill, Lenin and the Russian Revolution, London:
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Deutscher, op. cit., p.5

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..Carr, op. cit., p.405


James E. Connor, ed., Lenin on Politics and Revolution, Selected Writings, N.Y.: Pegasus,
Western Publishing Co., Inc., 1968, p.336
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Victor Serge, From Lenin to Stalin, N.Y: Monad Press, 1913, pp.38 40.
Deutscher, op.cit., p.22
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Ibid., pp.280 314.
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Karl Marx, Critique of the Gotha Programme, N.Y: International Publishers, 1966, p.10.
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Friedrich Engels, Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, In Arthur P.Mendel, ed., op. cit., p.76.
Isaac Deutscher, The Prophet Outcast, Trotsky: 1929 1940, Vol. III, N.Y: Vintage Books
1963, p.103.
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The Revolution Betrayed, op. cit., pp. 35 39, 273.

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he Revolution betrayed, op. cit., pp. 35 39, 213.


Victor Serge, From Lenin to Stalin, N.Y: Pioneer Publishers, 1931, p.49

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