ΕΠΙΔΡΑΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΛΟΓΟΥ CN ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΣΘΕΤΩΝ ΣΤΗΝ ΚΟΜΠΟΣΤΟΠΟΙΗΣΗ ΟΡΓΑΝΙΚΩΝ ΑΠΟΒΛΗΤΩΝ

:
C/N

2010

!!!

ii

,
2010 2011.

.
,
..., . ,
.
,
.
, .
,

.
, , .
,
.

... . Tanja Kosanovic
Milickovic .
iii
iv
iii
ix
ABSTRACT
xi
1

1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.4.1.
1.4.2.
1.4.3.
,
1
8
17
23
24
31
2.1.
2.2.
2.3. -
2.4.
2.4.1.
2.4.2.
2.4.3.
2.4.4.
2.4.5. / (C/N)
2.4.6.
2.5.
2.5.1.
2.5.2.
2.6.
2.7.
2.8.
3

3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.4.1.
3.4.2.
3.4.3.
3.4.4.
3.4.5.
3.4.6.
3.4.7.
3.4.8.
3.4.9.
3.4.10.
3.4.11. (Teleprobes)
3.4.12.
3.4.13.
3.4.14.
3.4.15.
3.4.16.
3.5.
3.5.1.
() .
3.5.2.
3.5.3. Compost Hellas .
3.6.
32
35
35
39
42
43
44
46
47
47
49
50
50
56
59
62
63
67
67
68
69
69
70
71
71
72
72
73
73
74
74
75
75
76
76
77
77
78
78
79
81
82
3.7.
3.8.
3.8.1. Dalek
3.8.2. CompostTumbler
( )
3.8.3. Rolling or Rotating Orb Composter
( )
3.8.4. Wooden / Wire Mesh Composter
(/ )
3.8.5. Computerized Indoor Composter\
( )
3.8.6. Worm bins
85
85
85
90
96
100
101
103
4

4.1.
4.2. ,
4.3.
4.3.1.
4.3.2.
4.4.
4.4.1.
4.4.2.
4.5.
4.5.1.
4.5.2.
4.5.2.1.
4.5.2.2. /
4.5.2.3.
105
105
106
107
108
110
110
111
112
114
115
115
117
117
5

5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.3.1.
5.3.2.
5.3.3.
5.3.4.
5.3.5. (VSS)
5.3.6. (TOC)
5.3.7. Kjeldahl ()
5.3.8.
5.3.9.
5.3.10.
5.3.11.
5.3.12.
121
121
124
124
125
125
126
126
127
128
131
133
135
135
136
6

6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.3.1.
6.3.2.
6.3.3.
6.3.4.
6.3.5.

6.3.6.
6.3.7. (VSS)
6.3.8.
6.3.9. Kjeldahl
6.3.10.

6.3.11.

6.3.12.

6.4.
6.4.1.
139
140
141
141
143
145
149
152
155
157
160
164
166
169
172
175
175
vi
6.4.2.
6.4.3.
6.4.4.
6.4.5.

6.4.6.
6.4.7. (VSS)
6.4.8.
6.4.9. Kjeldahl
6.4.10.

6.4.11.

6.4.12.

7

7.1
7.2

7.2.1

7.2.2

7.2.3

7.2.4

7.3

7.3.1

7.3.2

7.3.3

7.3.4

7.4

7.4.1

7.4.2

7.4.3

7.4.4

7.5

7.5.1

7.5.2

7.5.3

7.5.4

7.6
(VSS)
7.6.1

7.6.2

7.6.3

7.6.4

7.7

7.7.1

7.7.2

7.7.3

7.7.4

7.8
Kjeldahl
7.8.1

7.8.2

7.8.3

7.8.4

7.9

7.9.1

7.9.2

7.9.3

7.9.4

7.10

7.10.1

7.10.2

7.10.3

7.10.4

7.11

7.11.1

7.11.2

7.11.3

7.11.4

177
179
182
185
188
191
194
197
199
202
204
207
207
207
209
211
213
215
215
217
219
221
223
223
225
227
229
232
232
234
236
238
240
240
242
244
246
249
249
251
253
255
257
257
259
261
263
265
265
267
269
271
273
273
275
277
279
281
281
283
285
287
vii
8

8.1
8.2

8.2.1

8.2.2

8.2.3

8.3

8.3.1
8.3.2
8.3.3
50
8.4
291
291
291
292
292
293
294
301
306
308
313
viii

,
.

,
C/N

.

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.

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.

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.
.
.
ix

.

. ,

.

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.

.

.

, .

.

ABSTRACT
The main focus of the following thesis is to study the properties of the product
derived from the composting of household waste which took place inside a
specifically designed compost reactor, as well as the results obtained from a
vast number of measurements. Four of the reactors were used in two different
batches. Measurements were taken from all four reactors. The physical and
chemical properties of the product were scrutinized during the composting
process and after its removal from the reactor. Detailed analysis has been
made on the effect of the C/N ratio and the minerals or sawdust used,
identified as major components of the process.
Environmental law for both the European Union and Greece regarding the
biodegradable organic waste is being discussed in the first chapter. A
comparison is being made for the standards set by many countries worldwide
regarding compost specifications.
The third chapter focuses on the history of the composting process and the
factors that delineate and regulate it. The chapter also focuses on the
microbiology of the process and the physical and chemical influence of
mature compost when laid on existing soil. Study is also made on the heavy
metal elements, the trace elements and the persistent organic pollutants.
Finally there is also a discussion on the benefits of composting and the means
of distribution of the mature compost.
The fourth chapter emphasizes two distinct composting procedures. The first
is the large-scale composting systems (compost factories). Each stage of the
procedure is analyzed and examples of factories practicing this procedure in
Greece are provided. The second one is the small-scale composting systems
(small compost reactors for household use). Different types of compost
reactors are being presented along with specific models drawn from the
market.
xi
In the fifth chapter, all of the methods of analysis used in the lab are cited and
thoroughly explained. The function of the instruments used for the different
types of analysis is explained along with the mathematical equations that yield
the resulting data.
The data which is derived from the methods, described in chapter five, is used
in the sixth and seventh chapters. In the sixth chapter, a comparison of data
based on the C/N ratio in the four reactors of the first and second batch is
provided in table and chart form. In the seventh chapter tables and charts are
presented that compare, based on the mineral or sawdust content, data from
the same reactor through both batches of compost.
In the final chapter of the thesis an evaluation of the compost product takes
place, along with a presentation of major factors that play an important role for
determining the maturity of the final product.
xii
1

1.1

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1996

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() .2092/91
( 1.2).[4]
1.2 (mg/kg)

0.7
70
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45
0.4
200
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75/442/,

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1991 ( 91/156/)

1989,
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2006/12/
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113944/97
: 69728/824/96,
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2. 114218/97 ( 1016/):

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1.4.1

,
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:
1.8

Number of Classes
Description of Classes
Class A+ (top quality, limit values taken
from Council Regulation (EEC) No.2092/91
on organic farming)
Austria
Three
Class A (high quality, suitable for use in

agriculture)
Class B (minimum quality, suitable for nonagricultural use).
Biocompost (compost from source-
One (Ministry of
Belgium
Agriculture)
Flanders
Three (VLACO,
voluntary)
separated biowaste)
Humotex (compost from aerobically
composted digestion residuals)
Green waste (compost from sourceseparated garden waste).
Source separated biowaste and green waste.
Brussels
One
Denmark
One
Source-separated biowaste and green

waste.
Product standard.
24
Finland
One
Product standard.
Two (Compost Urbain standards with
France
One (N FU 44 051)
Two (Compost Urbain)
same limit values for heavy metals and

different
standards
for
physical
contaminants Class A and B) voluntary

marketing standards.
Germany
Two
Greece
One
Two classes defined with respect to heavy

metals.
Only mixed waste composting.
composted
green
soil
improver
(ammendante compostato verde, compost

only
Italy
from
vegetable
mixed
waste),
soil
and
One set of limit values
composted
improver
Two categories of soil
(ammendante compostato misto compost
improver
from vegetable waste, plus sewage sludge

and/or food leftovers, etc.) (differentiated
by organic carbon content, C/N ration and
humic /fulvic acid content).
As German RAL standard also
Luxembourg
Two
differentiation between fresh and mature

compost.
Limit values distinguish between very good
Netherlands
Two
compost and good compost (through

heavy metals).
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
One standard assumed
Through heavy metals.
(no law)
One in Spain
Catalunya classes defined through
Two in Catalunya
reference to heavy metals.
One
Product standard.
One
Product standard.
UK
Composting
Association
Four different products defined through the
Australia
One class of PTE limits
various limit values in the standard. These
Four classes
four products are divided into the two

classes,
composted
product
and
25
pasteurised
product,
each
of
which
contains two sub-classes, soil conditioners

and fine mulch, and mulch.
New Zealand
One
Product standard.
The AAFC recognises only one class of
compost, reflective of product safety criteria.
It is based on the limits of CCMEs Category
Canadian Food Inspection

Agency (AAFC): 1 class
B and BNQs Type B compost for trace

elements. It reflects the requirements for
product maturity, absence of pathogen
content and the limits on the presence of
sharp objects as part of the foreign matter
criteria.
Within the CCME Guideline, two compost

categories have been established (Category
Canada
A; and Category B). The difference between

the two categories reflects limits set for trace
element concentrations. Category A compost
may be used for all types of applications: on
Canadian Council of
agricultural lands, in residential gardens, in
Ministers of the
horticultural operations, in nurseries or other
Environment: 2 classes (A,
enterprises. Category A criteria for trace
B)
elements
are
achievable
using
source-
separated municipal solid waste feedstock.

Category B compost has restricted use. The
controls
established
for
its
use
are
determined by each province or territory

individually.
26
Under the BNQ Standard, compost may be

classified in three ways (Type AA; Type A;
and Type B). The requirements for Type B
compost are considered to be the minimum
necessary
to
obtain
good
compost.
Bureau de normalisation
Compost classified as Types AA and A is of
du Quebec: 3 classes (AA,
higher quality. Total organic matter content
A, B)
and
foreign
matter
content
are
the
distinguishing factors between the three

types.
Trace
element
content
is
the
classification feature that differentiates Type

AA and Type A compost from that of Type B
compost.
USA
One
Product standard (biosolids).

,
, ,

,
.

, ,
(Potential toxic elements, PTEs) ( 1.9-1.10).

(Organic Pollutants, OPs) (PCBs,
PAHs, NPE, phthalates ..)

( 1.10). [11]
27
1.9 (mg/kg
) [10]
Country
Regulation
Class A+
Austria
Class A
Class B
Belgium
Royal Decree,
07.01.1998
Statutory Order
Nr.49
Denmark
Compost after
01.06.2000
Decisions of the
Finland
Ministry of
Agriculture and
Forestry (46/94)
France
NF COMPOST
URBAN
RAL
Germany
Class I
Class II
Greece
Licensing of
treatment plants
as agreed with
EPA
Ireland
Class I
Class II
Technical
Italy
regulation, DCI
27/07/84
(MSWC)
28
Draft Decree on
the use of
st
MBTC 1
quality (land
reclamation)
Law on
fertilizers (L
748/84; and
03/84)
BWC/GC/SSC
Lux
Licensing for
plants
BOOM compost
Holland
BOOM very
clean compost
Degree on
Portugal
sludge (limit
value utilized
also for MSW)
B.O.E.nm.
131.2 June
1998
Spanish draft on
composting
Class AA
(Stabilised
Spain
Biowaste) Class
A
Catalonia draft
on composting
Class A
(Stabilised
Biowaste) Class
B
Sweden
Guideline
values of QAS
29
Verordnung
ber
umweltgefhrde
Swi/land
nde Stoffe
Nr.814.013, 9
Juni 1986,
rev.28.12.01
UKROFS
fertil.org.farming
UK
Composted
Household
waste
Soilimprovers
and growing
media
EU ECO
Label
EC Reg.
2092/91
Canada
EPA
USA
CFR40/503
Sludge Rule
New
Zealand
Australia
* BNQ
**
30
1.10 (PTEs)
Limit values for Compost from source separation (BWC & GC)
min
max
limit values for MSW and MBT Composts
min
max
(*)
. Statutory Order on Application
of Waste Products for Agricultural Purposes[9]
1.4.2

.

. ,

.

:
1.
( )

2.

3.
.
,
,
1.11
31

.
1.11 [10]
PCB
Austria
Denmark
Luxembourg
Mixed MSW
Biowaste
Guide values for fresh and
compost only
compost
matured compost
(4 analysis per year)
PCCD/F
Dioxins
PAH
AOX
Hydrocarbons
LAS
NPE
DEHP
1
PCB: Polychlorinated biphenyls;
hydrocarbons;
PCCD/F: Polychlorinated dibenzofuran;
AOX: Absorbable organic halogens;
PAH: polycyclic aromatic
LAS: linear alkylbenzene sulphonates;
NPE:
nonylphenol; DEHP: Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
1.4.3
, [10]

32
1.12 [10]
60
55
14
60
55
14
60 (in-vessel
65 (not in-vessel)
55
55
55-77,

60 (
3 in-vessel
(CCME)
55
15 for windrow
3 for aerated static pile
55
5 in vessel
15 for windrow

55
55 C 3

55
55 windrow composting
14 (5)
65 windrow composting
60 in-vessel composting
1 (2 )
33
34
2.1.
(composting)

(, , ).
,
.

.
.
.
,

. [14]
2.2.
Mayas, ,
, .

.
50
/ .

.

humus.
. humus
.
35

. ,

. . , ,

.
(Windrow)

.
.

1843. George Bommer
().
Bommer Method of Making Manure,

,
, .

1888 Bulletin N 61,
.
. XI. Compost-Formulas,
Analyses and Value.
1925,
Sir Albert Howard. Sir Albert Howard

. Indore
Process .
.
Bangalore Process
36
.
.
1922
. Baccari,

.
1932
N.V. Vuilafvoer Moatschapij (VAM).
Van Maanen
Indore.
VAM

.
1933 ,
DANO. DANO ,
.
DANO .
,
30m 4,5m.
150 /
. DANO .

. DANO
3,5 50 ()
1200
.

.

1970 2.1 .
37
2.1 1970
Bangalore
(Indore)
Caspari
, .

DANO
.
Earp Thomas
Fairfield Hardy
, ,
.
,
Metro Waste
1960
Gottas Goulke Composting.

. Florida
Tennessee.
,
.
1975

.
1976 Rutgers University New Jersey

Rutgers
Strategy
Rutgers
Methods.
.
65 oC,
38
. 1521 .
.
120 .
,

.

.
,
.
.

()
,
,

. [16]
2.3.
39
I.

.
II.
, ,
.

.
III.
,

.
.

.
IV.
.
(, )
.
(
, ).
2.1 pH
40

, . ,

,
.
.

.
, .
2.2
.
41
2.2 [19]
2.4.

,

(compost).
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
42
2.3
2.4.1

.
(.. , )
(.. , ).

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.
3 1
.
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43
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2.4.2

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44
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. ,

.
.
,

. ,
,
45
(.. ). ,
.

.
- .

. ,
( ), ,
,
( 2-3 ).
2.4.3
,
.
.

.
(Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus subitilis, Clostridiun sp.)
Thermus.
,
.

46

.
,
,
.
2.4.4

.

.

,
, .
2.4.5

1/3
47
. , ( )
(..
).

10)
(
, pH ).
,
( 35), (
),

25. ,
.

.
2.2 -
48
2.3
C/N
(, )

(, ) 8
4
()

-

()

2.4.6
, ,

. pH 5,5 -
8,5. pH,
.
,
,

, .
49
2.5.

.
.
,
.

:
1. (pen systems).
2.
(Reactor
or
enclosed
systems
or
container
composting, or mechanical systems).

3. ( ).

2.5.1
I.
,
, .
.

, .

,

.
II.

, .
50

.

, .
,

.
:

.
.

.

.
.

- 5 ,
,
.
30 .
, 65C
10 .

51

.
: (straddle
turners) (Side-cutting windrow turners).
(straddle turners)
. ,
.

.

.
, .
III.
(aerated static piles)

,
.

.

. Rudgers
Beltsville. O
, ,
. 2.1 2.2.

50
[17].
52
2.4 ( Rudgers) [17]

,
.

.
:

.

53
2.5 ( Beltsville) [17]
. .
.
PVC
. O

.

O
.
: ()
() .

.
54

.
.
15%.

.

.

.

,
. [17]

.

(..
)
.

.

..
.

.
55
2.5.2
,
, ,
,
,
.
(, ).

.

.
,
.

. ,

.
,
.
. ,

.
56
2.6 [17]

, . ,

,
.
,
, .. bulldozer

. ,
.
,
<5,
.
.

.
,
,
, .
.
57

.
2.7.
2.7 : ()
, () () [17]
2.8 [17]
58
2.6.

.
20%-30%
.

,

( )
. ,
, ,
,
, ,

.
:

.
,
.
,

.
, .
.

.

...
59

,
.

.
,
,
.
.

, . ,
,
.

,
,

.
,
.

,

.[21]

,
60

(, , , , ).

.

.

.
:
, , ( ).
.
, .

( , ).
(
.
,
.
, .
:
,

,

61

.

.[22]
2.7.

:

(
)
,
.

, .

( , ,
..)

(

)
62

.

.
[24]
2.8.

,
.

,
.
,

, , ,
, ., (
), , ,
, ..
,

, ,
.

.
:
, ,

63
.. ,
, 4-10 2-4
.
, 2-6 , 2-4
.
, 2-5
, 24 .
,
.
, , , ,
. 10-20 ,
3 .
, 10-25
( ) 10
( ), 3-4 .
, , 20-30
. ( ).

.
, 15-20
, 2-4 .
, 10-25
.

, , ,
, , ,
,
, / , 10-30
2-3
2 .
64
, 150
.

,
, ,
, ...
1
,
, 4

. [25]
65
66
3

3.1
.
( )
.

,

.
3.2

, ,
40% .

( ),

. ,
,
.
. ,
67
3.3

.
, ()

.
, ,
. ,
. ,
,
, .
.

,
.
,
, ,

,
.
(.. ),

.
68
,
. ,
.

.
3.1
3.4

.
3.4.1
, ,
,
), , .
,
. ,
.
69
3.2
3.4.2
,
.
.
.
3.3
70
3.4.3

().
(

).
3.4
3.4.4
3.5 (Grinder)
71
3.4.5
, .
.
3.6
3.4.6

.
.
3.7
72
3.4.7
.
.
, .
3.8 (Scat 3112)
3.4.8
3.9
73
3.4.9
.

.
.

.
3.10
3.4.10
.
.
.
3.11
74
3.4.11
(Teleprobes)

. .

.
3.12
3.4.12
3.13
.
, ,

. ,
24
.
75
3.13
3.4.13

.

.
3.14
3.4.14
, .

.
76
3.15
3.4.15
3.16
3.4.16
.
. ,
.
77
3.17
3.5
.
1996

900 . . , , ,

,
.
,
Compost Hellas A..
3.5.1.

() .

, 300tn/d 130tn/d /.

. 350tn/d
compost, 360tn/d RDF, 30tn/d , 5tn/d .
78
3.5.2.
3.18
.
:

,
40
.
,

.
.

.

.

79
. :

,
.

6 3
3.
, .

compost
.
compost ( , , ,
),
.

compost
flip- flop 10mm.

( ) ,
, compost.
compost , (
).
compost,

.
80
compost
.
,

.
,
compost,

.
4 ,
.
15% compost ,
.
, 4
, .
.
3.5.3.
Compost Hellas ..

1999.

.
POSIDONIA CMPOST HELLAS
, ,

. .
:
81
3.1 POSIDONIA
(+ CLASS COMPOST)

.
3.2
POSIDONIA
3.6

,
,
.
(
) 20-35 /
. ,
10-15 /
82
100 120 /
.

,

.

.

,
,
35-60 / 20.000 ,
.

150 / .

:
600 / (
20.000 /) 180 / ( 120.000
/).
120 / (
20.000 /) 30 / ( 120.000
/).
,
:
: 150 300 /
25 40 /.
83
: 250 /
50 70/
,
(, , ...). gate fee
( )
.
84
3.7
,

, ,
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
3.8
, .
1. Dalek Composter
2. Compost Tumbler
3. Rolling or Rotating Orb
4. Wooden/Wire Mesh Composter
5. Computerized Indoor Composter
6. Worm Bin Composter
3.8.1
Dalek

Dalek ( 3.19).
,

. ,

.
85
3.19 Dalek

.
.
.

.
,
.
3.20 Horto
3.21
Horto
86
3.2 Horto.
400
.
Horto
HDPE.
6 10

.
Horto.

, . ,
,
.
3.3 Horto
11
400
10 kg
() HDPE
87
3.22 Axial Crank Thermo-Composter
3.1
Axial crank Thermo-Composter
3.2 Axial crank Thermo-Composter
3.4 (Axial Crank

Thermo-Composter)

. ,

.
3.1 3.2

.

.

.
88
Axial Crank Thermo-Composter.

3.4 Axial Crank Thermo-Composter
,
,

890
55

()
89
3.8.2
CompostTumbler
( )
Mantis ( 3.5)
,
.
3.23 Mantis
Mantis ( 3.5)
,
.

.
.
.
. ,
, ,
.
,

. ,
,
90

, .
, ,
.
.
.
3.5 Mantis
900
65
91
,
3.6 (Acrobat Compost Tumbler).
3.24 Acrobat Compost Tumbler

.

,
. ,
( ).
,
,
.

. ,
,
280 .
.
,
.
.
92
Acrobat Compost Tumbler .

3.6 Acrobat Compost Tumbler
290
11
()

93
3.25
( 3.7)
.

.

.

,
, .
,
, .
,
,
.
,
.

.

.
.
94
.
3.7
180
12
95
3.8.3
Rolling
or
Rotating Orb Composter ( )

,

.
,

, .
3.26
,
,
.
,

. ,

.

,
.
.
,
.
96
.
3.8
490
10
()
97

3.9.
3.27 EcoTumbler
3.28
EcoTumbler.
5 ,
.
To
. ,
( 3.10)
4-6 .
,
.

.

,
.
,
.
270 81 .
,
,
.
98
EcoTumbler.
3.9 EcoTumbler
4-6
270
9,5
()
99
3.8.4
Wooden / Wire Mesh Composter (/

)
( 3.11) .

.
.
.
3.29

,
.

. ( 3.3 3.4)
,
( ),
( 3.4).

. , ,
.
3.3
3.4
100
3.8.5
Computerized Indoor Composter (

)

,
.

,
.
3.30 NatureMill Computerized Indoor Composter
3.5
NatureMill.
3.5 NatureMill (Computerized Indoor Composter)
101
,
,
, ,
.
,
.

NatureMill.
3.10 NatureMill
55
8
()

102
3.8.6
Worm bins
3.6
,

.

,
. ,

,
. ,

.
,
. ,

103
.

, .
,
. ,
(pH, )
. ,

.
.
.
104
4

4.1

,

,
.
,
,
,
.

, , , ,
, , , .
,
.[23]
4.2
()
.
,
.

..
.
,
. MDF, ..
.
105
4.1
4.3
1756,
Cronstedt,
.
: , , ,
, , .

,
,
, , ,
( ) . ,
,
.
4.2
106
4.3.1

, :
, .
.

- -
.

.

.
, ,
.
,

.
,
-, .
o .
.

.
(, ,
, ), .. v
ov .
.
.[24]
107
4.3.2

.
1890 Pirson,
,
.
:

.
Si Al,
.

. [24]
4.1
108
:
.
.
.
,
.

.

.
,
.
,

.

. , ,

,
,

. [25]
109
4.4
To Vermiculair
Webb
.
:

.
.

.

.

, , .

.

.
4.4.1

4,98 .
,
.
Si4+ Al3+.
110

.

.
4.2
4.3
4.4.2

. Pb,
Zn, Cd.
111

.
, , .

(cracking) ,
. [26]

,
pH
.
4.5

,
.
,

,
.

, .
,
().
.

,
112
.
.
:
4.1
.

.

.

.

. 2003
2004 ,
( )
, (
113
( ,
, .
4.4
4.5.1

.
:
.
,
. ,
.
,
.
114
,
,
. .

.
.
4.5.2
.

: ,
,
.
:
4.5.2.1

,
(, ),
(, , ),
().

,
. ,
,
, , ,
. ,

115
.
, ,
. ,
, ,
( , ...). ,
(
) ,
.

.
()
, , ,
.
.

"Portland",
.

, ,
,
.
,
, .

.
116
4.5.2.2

.
:

, . ,

(
100% ).
.

pH ,
. ,
(container growing).

, ,
. ""
.
, ,
.
4.5.2.3
.
:
-

,
, , .
117
.
, , , , ,
.

: ..
(

(
, ).
,
,
, LNG
. S&
,
" " .

HF

F .

, ,
118
.
-
( ).
, ,
, , , , ...

,
. ,

.

.

,
. ,

: ,
,
...
,
.
119
120
5

5.1

.
,
..., ,
.
5.2
4.1
( 4.1)
60 .
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.2
121
5 ( 4.2):
1) .
2) .
3) (2 ).
4) .
4 , 2
2

.
,
. ,

.
75
(, ,
)

.

.
.

:
122
,
, , ,
, , , ..
,

( )

,
, .
:
, ,
(,
..)
( , , ..)
( , , ..)
( , ..)
( ..)
( ..)
(1-2 cm).
,
.
123
5.3

(VSS)
(TOC)
Kheldahl (TKN)
A
(K, Na, Ca, Mg)

3 60
.
5.3.1

,
.
4.1
124
5.3.2
.
105C 12h.
105C.
(%)
.
:
(g).
: (g).
:
105C (g).
4.2 ( )
5.3.3
pH ( METTLER TOLEDO MPC227).
4.3
125
5.3.4
( METTLER TOLEDO MPC227).

4.3.
5.3.5
(VSS)
105
1
550
20 .
550 .
:
:
:
:
550C
4.4 ( )
126
5.3.6
(TOC)

100
grinder
.
(Solid Sample Module SSM 5000A)
900C.
TOCV CSH.
. %
:
:
:
:
:
:
.
.
4.5
4.6
TOCVCSH
4.7 Solid Sample

Module SSM 5000A
4.8

127
5.3.7
Kjeldahl ()
).
,
,
, .

).
KJELDATHERM Gerhardt .
4.9
4.10 KJELDATHERM
, ,

. ,
, .
, ,
Vapodest 30s Gerhardt.
128
4.11 Vapodest 30s
250

. 3-5

.
, magenta .
.
4.12 4.13
129
,
.

Kjeldahl
:
:
:
. [27], [28]
130
5.3.8
Kjeldahl ()
,

, Kjeldahl
,
Devarda. Devarda
:
, (
),
Devarda. Devarda, ,

KJELDATHERM.
, ,

. ,
, .
, ,
Vapodest 30s.
250
50
.
131
3-5
.
, magenta
. .
,
.

:
:
.
132

:
5.3.9
. [27], [28], [29]

:

2-4

2 .
. .

.
133
, ,
Vapodest 30s.
250
. ,

2-4

.
, magenta .
.

:
:
:
134
5.3.10

5.3.11

( 105C 12h) compost Digesdahl
Digestion
Perkin Elmer 2380.
5.14 Digesdahl Digestion
compost
,
.
.
. .
. ,
135
:
, .
cooling pad.
ml
.

(Varian).
5.15 (Varian)
5.3.12

:
.
.
(Whatman #1).
.
( ).
.
136

:
compost .
Whatman
.
.
(Petri dish) (Whatman 1).

( )
.
extract .

.
.
(..)

:
:
: [ / ]

: [ / ] * 100
:

[30], [31], [32]
137
138
6

6.1

.
.
4 .
, .

-
.
.

, (
4 ).
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. (VSS)
8.
9. Kjeldahl
10.
11.
12.
139
6.2
.

.

(, , ),
( ) ()
.
2 4
.
.
,
, ,
. 6.1
,
, , %
, % , %
Kjeldahl
, .
6.1
TKN
140
6.3
29/12/2009
18/01/2010. .

6.3.1
6.2
. .
C/N
30.
:
(, ,
)
( )
()
.

.

,

141
6.2
142
6.3.2

.
. .

.
.
6.3
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
11
15
18
21
,
(.. ), ,

.
6.4 6.1
143
6.4 %
1
% 4
100
90
80
%
70
60
73,21
67,99
56,31
50
59,32
40
30
20
10
0

6.1 % 4
144
6.3.3
, , ,
. ,
3 . .
, ,
.

.

.

. , , ,

.

.
,
.[33]
145
6.5
6.2
.
146
4
70
60
(0C)
50
40
30

(T>50 0C) - (4
)
20
10
0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.2 4
147
6.2 .

3 7
.

.
,
3 7 .

.
,
3 8 .

. ,

.

3 7 .

.
6.2
.
, -
148
6.3.4
, ,
.
, ,
.

. ,
.
6.6 (%)
6.3
149
% 4
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.3 % 4
150
, 6.3,

,
.

,
.

.

, .

.

.
151
6.3.5
.

.

[35], [38].
pH
.
6.7 pH
6.4 pH
.
152
pH 4
10
9
8
pH
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.4 pH 4
153
9
21
9
21

, 5

,
.

21 .
9
21
6.4

. (
)

pH
154
6.3.6

,
.

.
, ,

. ,
,

.
6.8
155
4
6
(mS/cm)
0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.5 4
156
6.5
.

.
, ,
, 21 ,

J.C.
Hargreaves, M.S. Adl, P.R. Warman.[36]
6.5

.

(
6.3.7
).
(VSS)
.

.

.
157

.
6.9 %
6.6 %
.
158
% (VSS) 4
100
90
80
70
% VSS
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.6 4
159

3 10 ,
( ),
.

,
.
,

.

.
.
6.3.8
.
.

160
6.10
6.7
.
161
% (Corg) 4
60
50
% Corg
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.7 %
162
,
21
.

. 21

21 .
21 .
,
21

.
o

.

.

.
,

.
. ,

163

.
.
Kjeldahl
6.3.9
, ,

.
.
6.11 %
6.8 %
Kjeldahl
164
% Kjeldahl (TKN) 4
3,0
2,5
% TKN
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.8 % kjeldahl 4
165

.
21
.
21

21 .

21
.
6.3.10

.
,
.

.

. [36], [37].
35
,
.
166

. [38]

, .
30.

.
6.12
6.9
167
C/N 4
40
35
C/N
30
25
20
15
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()

6.9 C/N 4
168
21 . 3

5 .
. ,

.[35], [38]
6.3.11
,
(
.

.
169
6.13
.
6.13
170
mg/kg (NO3-N) 4
2000,0
1800,0
1600,0
mg/kg NO3-N
1400,0
1200,0
1000,0
800,0
600,0
400,0
200,0
0,0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.10
171

.
,
. , ,

.
6.3.12

.

.
.
,
.
.
6.14
.
6.14
172
mg/kg (N4-N) 4
4000
3500
mg/kg N4-N
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.11
173

. , ,
,
.

. ,
,

.
.
174
6.4
13/04/2010
03/05/2010.
.
6.4.1
6.15
. .

40.
:
(, ,
)
( )
()
.

.

,

.

.

.
175
6.15
176
6.4.2
,
,
.
.
.
.
.

.
. ,
.
6.16
,
(.. ), ,

.
6.17 6.12
177
6.17 %
1
% 4
100
90
80
70
75,79
72,45
60
62,86
57,36
50
40
30
20
10
0

6.12 % 4
178
6.4.3

.
6.18
6.13
.
179
4
70
60
(0C)
50
40
30

(T>50 0C) - (5 )
20
10
0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.13 4
180
6.13 .

5
10 .

.
,
3 8.

. ,

.
,
3 7.

. ,

.

3 7 .

.
6.13
.
, -
181
6.4.4
.
6.19 (%)
6.14 %
.
182
% 4
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.14 % 4
183

.

,
.

.
.

.

.
184
6.4.5
pH
.
6.20
6.15
185
pH 4
10
9
8
7
pH
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.15
186
8.
7
21

4 .
7
21

, 4
8
21 .
7
21
6.15
,

.
( )

pH
.

187

.
6.4.6

.
6.21
188
4
6
(mS/cm)
0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.16 4
189
6.16
.

.
, ,
, 21 ,

J.C.
Hargreaves, M.S. Adl, P.R. Warman.[36]
6.16

.

190
6.4.7

.
6.22 %
6.17 %
.
191
% (VSS) 4
100
90
80
70
% VSS
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.17 4
192
4 11
,
( ) ,
,
.
,
.
,

.
. ,

.
.
193
6.4.8
6.23
6.18
194
% (Corg) 4
60
50
% Corg
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.18 %
195
,
21
.

. 21

21 .
20
.
,
21

.
o

.

.

.
,

.
. ,

196

.
.
6.4.9
Kjeldahl
.
6.24 %
6.19 %
Kjeldahl .
197
% Kjeldahl (TKN) 4
3,0
2,5
% TKN
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.19 % kjeldahl 4
198

21
21

21
21 .
.
6.4.10
.
6.25
6.20
.
199
C/N 4
40
35
30
C/N
25
20
15
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()

6.20 C/N 4
200
21 . 7

5 (

).

. ,
, ,

.[35], [38]
201
6.4.11
6.26
.
6.26
202
mg/kg (NO3-N) 4
1400,0
1200,0
mg/kg NO3-N
1000,0
800,0
600,0
400,0
200,0
0,0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.21
203

.
,
. , ,
,
.
6.4.12
6.14
.
6.27
204
mg/kg (N4-N) 4
2500,0
mg/kg N4-N
2000,0
1500,0
1000,0
500,0
0,0
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
()

6.22
205

. , ,
,
.

. ,
,

.
.
206
7

7.1

,
.
7.2

( )
.
7.2.1

.
7.1
207

70
60
(0C)
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.1
208
7.1 .

.
.

,
.
7.2.2

.
7.2
209

70
60
(0C)
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.2 .
210
7.2 .

.
.

.

.
,
.
7.2.3
.
7.3
211

70
60
(0C)
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.3 .
212
,
,
.
7.2.4

.
7.4
213

70
60
(0C)
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.4 .
214
7.4 .

.
.

, .
7.3
%
( )
.
7.3.1
%

.
7.5 (%)
215
%

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.5
216
7.5
,
.
.
,
.

.
7.3.2
%

.
7.6 (%)
217
%

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.6
218
7.6
.
.

7.3.3
.
7.7 (%)
219
%

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.7
220
7.7

7.3.4
%

.
7.8 (%)
221
%

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.8
222
,
7.8, . ,
, 21
.
, ,
.

. ,

.
7.4
( )
.
7.4.1

7.9
223
pH
10
9
8
7
pH
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.9
224
7.9

.
.

,
.

.
7.4.2

.
7.10
225
pH
9
8
7
6
pH
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.10
226
7.10
. ,
, .

.

.
7.4.3

.
7.11
227
pH
10
9
8
7
pH
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.11
228
7.11
. ,
.

. pH
.
7.4.4

.
7.12
229
pH
10
9
8
7
pH
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.12
230
7.12
,

,
.
pH
.

, .
.
, ,
,
.

.
231
7.5

(
) .
7.5.1

.
7.13
232
(mS/cm)
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.13
233
7.13 ,
,

.
7.5.2

.
7.14
234
(mS/cm)
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.14
235
7.14 .

,
,
.
7.5.3

.
7.14
236
(mS/cm)
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.14
237

.
.
7.14.
7.5.4

.
7.14
238
(mS/cm)
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.14
239
.
.

.
3:1:1, ,

.
7.6
(VSS)
%
(
) .
7.6.1
%

.
7.15 % (VSS)
240
% (VSS)

100
90
80
70
% VSS
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.15 % (VSS)
241
7.15
.
7,46% .

,
.
,
.
7.6.2
.
7.16 % (VSS)
242
% (VSS)

100
90
80
70
% VSS
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.16 % (VSS)
243
7.16
. 7

.
.

.
7.6.3
%

.
7.17 % (VSS)
244
% (VSS)

100
90
80
70
% VSS
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.17 % (VSS)
245
7.17
. 7

.
.

.
7.6.4
.
7.18 % (VSS)
246
% (VSS)

100
90
80
70
% VSS
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.18 % (VSS)
247
7.18
.
.

.
.
,
.
248
7.7
%

( ) .
7.7.1
%

.
7.19 %
249
% (Corg)

60
50
% Corg
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.19 %
250
7.19
.

.

.
.

.

.
7.7.2
%

.
7.20 %
251
% (Corg)

60
50
% Corg
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.20 %
252
7.20 ,
7 , .
.

.
7.7.3
%

.
7.21 %
253
% (Corg)

60
50
% Corg
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.21 %
254
7.21 ,
7 , .

. 7
.
.

7.7.4
%

.
7.22 %
255
% (Corg)

60
50
% Corg
40
30
20
10
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.22 %
256
7.22 ,
7 , .
7.8
Kjeldahl
%
Kjeldahl
( ) .
7.8.1
%
Kjeldahl
.
7.23 % Kjeldahl
257
% Kjeldahl (TKN)

2,5
2,0
% TKN
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.23 % Kjeldahl
258
7.23
.

30,
40. , ,
,
, ,
,
,
. ,
,

.
7.8.2
%
Kjeldahl
.
7.24 % Kjeldahl
259
% Kjeldahl (TKN)

3,0
2,5
% TKN
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.24 % Kjeldahl
260
7.24
.

30,
40. , ,
.

.
.
.
7.8.3
%
Kjeldahl
.
7.25 % Kjeldahl
261
% Kjeldahl (TKN)

3,0
2,5
% TKN
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.25 % Kjeldahl
262
7.25
.

30,
40.
,
.
,
.
.
7.8.4
%
Kjeldahl
.
7.26 % Kjeldahl
263
% Kjeldahl (TKN)

3,0
2,5
% TKN
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.26 % Kjeldahl
264
7.25
.
.

.
30, 40.
,
.
.
7.9
( )
.
7.9.1

.
7.27
265
C/N

40
35
C/N
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.27
266
7.27
30 .
40
.
,
.
, ,
20.
7.9.2

.
7.28
267
C/N

40
35
C/N
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.28
268
7.28
. ,
,
.
10.
.
7.9.3
.
7.29
269
C/N

40
35
C/N
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.29
270
7.28
. ,
, .

10.

.
7.9.4

.
7.30
271
C/N

40
35
C/N
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.30
272
7.28
. ,
,
.

.
7.10
( ) .
7.10.1
.
7.31
273
NO3-N
2000
1800
1600
NO3-N (mg/kg)
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.31
274
7.31

.
.
.
, ,

, .
,

.
7.10.2
.
7.32
275
NO3-N
600
500
NO3-N (mg/kg)
400
300
200
100
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.32
276
7.32
. , ,

.

,
.
7.10.3
.
7.33
277
NO3-N
600
NO3-N (mg/kg)
500
400
300
200
100
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.33
278
7.33
. , ,

.
,
, ,

.
7.10.4
.
7.34
279
NO3-N
800
700
NO3-N (mg/kg)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.34
280
7.34
.
,

.

,
.
7.11
( ) .
7.11.1
.
7.35
281
NH4-N
4000
3500
NH4-N (mg/kg)
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.35
282
7.35
. , ,

,
.
.

.
7.11.2
.
7.36
283
NH4-N
600
500
NH4-N (mg/kg)
400
300
200
100
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.36
284
7.36 .
,
.
.
,

.
,

.
7.11.3
.
7.37
285
NH4-N
700
600
NH4-N (mg/kg)
500
400
300
200
100
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.37
286
, ,
( 7.37).

.
.

.
7.11.4
.
7.38
287
NH4-N
900
800
700
NH4-N (mg/kg)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
()
1
7.38
288
7.38

.
.
,
.

. , ,
,
,
.
289
290
8

8.1
,
,
8.2

.
,
.
8.2.1
,
.

, ,

,
.

.
291

, ,

.

.
.
8.2.2
,
,
, ,
.
,
, ,
,
.

.

.
8.2.3
, ,
, ,
.
,
.
,
, ,
292
. ,
, ,
,

8.3

(
, ..), ,

, ,
, ..,

.
, ( 50 )
, ,
, .

.

25. ,
10 20.
.
.
,

293
,
,
.

.

.

60 , 7,8 8,5.
,

.
.
8.3.1

().
,
,
.
, .

).
.
294
. , ,
.
8.1
.
8.1 % [38],[39],[40]
8.2
.
8.1
8. 2 %
295
% 4
4,5
4
3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0

Na
Ca
Mg
8.1 %
296
.
( )

.

.
.
.

.

(
).
.
.
8.1 8.2

, ,
.
297
8.3
.
8.1.
8. 3 %
298
% 4
4,5
4
3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0

Na
Ca
Mg
8.2 %
299
.
( )
,
.

.
.
.

..).
.
8.2 8.3

, ,
.
300
8.3.2
.
,
.
,
, .

,
.

, , .

. [41]

.
, Tinella, , Parris Island Cos,
B. Rio Grande, , , , Mini
Safaa F1, , A/ Z B.

(..) .
:
( )
( )
( )
( )
301
20 4

450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Tinella
Parris
T
Island Cos
. Rio
Grande
Mini
Safaa F1
25
65
100
8.3
302
50 4

450
400
350
300
250

200
150
100
50
0
Tinella
Parris
T
Island Cos
. Rio
Grande
Mini
Safaa F1
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ΕΠΙΔΡΑΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΛΟΓΟΥ CN ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΣΘΕΤΩΝ ΣΤΗΝ ΚΟΜΠΟΣΤΟΠΟΙΗΣΗ ΟΡΓΑΝΙΚΩΝ ΑΠΟΒΛΗΤΩΝ

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ΕΠΙΔΡΑΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΛΟΓΟΥ CN ΚΑΙ ΠΡΟΣΘΕΤΩΝ ΣΤΗΝ ΚΟΜΠΟΣΤΟΠΟΙΗΣΗ ΟΡΓΑΝΙΚΩΝ ΑΠΟΒΛΗΤΩΝ

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(109 kg) (Eurostat, 2006)

1.1 (Eurostat, 2006)

(109 kg) (Eurostat, 2006)

1.2 (Eurostat, 2003)

: most probable number)

1.6 (mg/kg DS)

Class A (high quality, suitable for use in

Source-separated biowaste and green

Two (Compost Urbain standards with

same limit values for heavy metals and

contaminants Class A and B) voluntary

Two classes defined with respect to heavy

(ammendante compostato verde, compost

One set of limit values

Two categories of soil

(ammendante compostato misto compost

from vegetable waste, plus sewage sludge

differentiation between fresh and mature

compost and good compost (through

One standard assumed

Through heavy metals.

Catalunya classes defined through

reference to heavy metals.

One class of PTE limits

various limit values in the standard. These

four products are divided into the two

contains two sub-classes, soil conditioners

Canadian Food Inspection

B and BNQs Type B compost for trace

Within the CCME Guideline, two compost

A; and Category B). The difference between

agricultural lands, in residential gardens, in

horticultural operations, in nurseries or other

Environment: 2 classes (A,

enterprises. Category A criteria for trace

separated municipal solid waste feedstock.

determined by each province or territory

Under the BNQ Standard, compost may be

Compost classified as Types AA and A is of

du Quebec: 3 classes (AA,

higher quality. Total organic matter content

distinguishing factors between the three

classification feature that differentiates Type

Product standard (biosolids).

. Statutory Order on Application

of Waste Products for Agricultural Purposes[9]

Guide values for fresh and

(4 analysis per year)

(4 analysis per year)

(2 analysis per year)

PCB: Polychlorinated biphenyls;

PCCD/F: Polychlorinated dibenzofuran;

AOX: Absorbable organic halogens;

PAH: polycyclic aromatic

LAS: linear alkylbenzene sulphonates;

nonylphenol; DEHP: Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

(Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus subitilis, Clostridiun sp.)

composting, or mechanical systems).

(aerated static piles)

2.4 ( Rudgers) [17]

2.5 ( Beltsville) [17]

3.8 (Scat 3112)

3.22 Axial Crank Thermo-Composter