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Chng VI - Khi VIDEO

1-Nguyn l tng hp tn hiu hnh nh trn my tnh.
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Tn hiu hnh nh trn my tnh c lu dng tn hiu s trn a cng hoc a CD Rom, khi ta m hnh nh ra, d liu ca File nh c np ln b nh RAM v c nh x sang b nh ca Card Video sau chng c i thnh tn hiu Analog Tn hiu Video Analog m Card Video cho ra gm 3 ng - Tn hiu Video - R ( mang thng tin v mu ca nh ) - Tn hiu Video - G ( mang thng tin v mu xanh l ca nh ) - Tn hiu Video - B ( mang thng tin v mu xanh l ca nh ) Ngun gc ca tn hiu R, G , B - Theo nguyn l phn tch v tng hp mu sc trong t nhin th mi mu sc bt k ta c th phn tch thnh ba mu c bn l (R), xanh l (G), xanh l (B) v ngc li t ba mu c bn trn ta cng c th tng hp thnh mt mu bt k, chnh v vy mt bc nh c hng triu mu nhng thc cht my tnh ch lu li ba mu c bn ca mi im nh m thi . Ngun gc ca tn hiu R, G, B l do bc nh mu c phn tch thnh ba bc nh ngay t khi chng mi c thu vo, sau cc bc nh ny c i thnh tn hiu Video nh nguyn l qut hoc nh cc Sensor ( cm bin ) .

a vo my tnh lu tr hay x l, cc tn hiu R, G, B phi c i thnh tn hiu s dng 0, 1

Khi cho hin th bc nh ra mn hnh, cc tn hiu s ca bc nh li c i thnh tn hiu Analog thng qua Card Video v cho ra ba tn hiu R, G, B sau cc tn hiu ny c khuch i qua tng khuch i Video ri a ra n hnh tng hp li hnh nh .

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X l tn hiu trong my tnh khi pht hnh

Khuch i tn hiu Video trn Monitor Nguyn l tng hp nh mu trn n hnh - Khi c ba tn hiu mu a n ba Katt , mn hnh s cho ra bc nh mu trung thc .

- Nu mt mt tn hiu mu a ti Katt R, mn hnh s lch sang mu xanh lam do ch cn hai tn hiu xanh l v xanh l trn li

- Nu mt tn hiu mu xanh l a ti Katt G, mn hnh s lch sang mu tm .

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- Nu mt tn hiu mu xanh l a ti Katt B, mn hnh s lch sang mu vng .

- Nu mt hai tn hiu th trn mn hnh s c mu ca tn hiu cn li

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- Nu mt c ba tn hiu th mn hnh mt nh, ch cn mn sng m

Nguyn l trn nh trong t nhin c s dng trong cc thit b hin th mu c minh ho nh sau :

2. Nhim v, s v v tr - khi khuch i Video

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Nhim v ca khi Video : - Khi Video c nhim v khuch i ba tn hiu mu l : R (), G (xanh l ) v B (xanh l ) ln bin ln trc khi a vo iu khin cc Katot n hnh pht x . - Ngoi ra khi Video cn trn tn hiu hin th, iu chnh tng phn, cn bng trng cho mn hnh .

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S khi khuch i Video tng qut Khi khuch i Video c hai tng chnh v hai mch ph - Tng tin khuch i Video - Pred Video Amply - Tng khuch i cng sut - Video OUT - Mch to hin th - Display - Mch cn bng trng - Bias

S tng qut khi K Video

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Tng tin khuch i Video c nhim v khuch i ba tn hiu t Card Video a sang ln bin ln cung cp cho tng khuch i cng sut, ngoi ra tng ny cn thc hin iu chnh tng phn, cn bng ba tn hiu R, G , B Tng khuch i cng sut Video gm ba tng khuch i song song, khuch i cho ba mu R, G, B, tng ny c th s dng cc cp Transistor hoc s dng IC cng sut . Mch BIAS : l mch phn cc p mt chiu cho ba Katt, mch c nhim v cn bng trng cho mn hnh, cc my i c mch ny thng c ba bin tr cn chnh l R-Bias, G-Bias v B-Bias . Trong cc my i mi, cc bin tr ny c thay th bng cc lnh t vi x l . Mch Display gii m tn hiu hin th, tn hiu hin th t vi x l a ti thng qua hai ng Data v Clock c IC Display gii m ly ra cc tn hiu R,G,B sau chn vo tn hiu Video, IC Display c th c tch hp trong IC tin khuch i Video . V tr khi khuch i Video

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Khi khuch i Video nm trn v ui n hnh .

Cc IC trn khi khuch i Video

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Trn v ui n gm c cc IC - IC tin khuch i Video : l IC nhiu chn. IC tin khuch i s dng ngun Vcc 12V, ba tn hiu t CPU ti c a thng vo IC ny, ba tn hiu ra c a sang IC khuch i cng sut - IC khuch i cng sut : l IC gn trn to nhit . IC cng sut c Vcc l 90V, tn hiu vo i t IC tin khuch i ti, tn hiu ra cung cp cho ba Katt n hnh . - IC gii m hin th Display : l IC nh , Vcc cho IC Display l 5V, tn hiu vo l Data v Clock ly t IC Vi x l, tn hiu ra l R, G, B c a sang IC tin khuch i trn vi tn hiu Video

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3 - Cc hin tng khi hng khi khuch i Video .

Hnh nh bnh thng 1. Hin tng my b sai mu .

Hin tng mn nh ng mu vng

Hin tng mn nh ng mu tm

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Hin tng mn nh ng mu xanh 2. Mn nh mt hnh, cn mn sng m .

Hin tng mt hnh, cn mn sng m 3. Mn nh trng xo c tia qut ngc

4. Hnh nh m nht

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4 - Card Video trn my tnh

Card Video trn my tnh

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Nhim v ca Card Video : - Card Video c nhim v i tn hiu hnh nh t dng Digital sang tn hiu Analog cho ra cc tn hiu R, G , B a sang mn hnh . - iu khin tn s qut ngang v qut dc trn mn hnh thng qua cc tn hiu ng b H.SYN v V.SYN . - B nh trn Card Video c nhim v lu cc thng tin v cc im nh trn mn hnh, dung lng b nh ca Card video c nh hng trc tip n phn gii v s mu sc c th hin th . + V d chy c mn hnh c phn gii 1024 x 768 v c mu sc l 32 bit th cn dung dng b nh ti thiu trn Card Video nh sau : - Mn hnh 1024 x 768 = 786432 Pixel ( im nh ) - Mi im nh cn 32 bt lu tr thng tin v mu sc v cn ti khong 20 bt lu thng tin v to ngang v to dc, nh vy tng s mi im nh cn n khong 52 bit tng ng vi 6,5 Byte. - Nh vy tng b nh cn thit lu tr y thng tin cho mt mn hnh trn l 786432 Pixel x 6,5 Byte = 5111808 Byte <=> 5 MB Nh vy c th hin th mn nh mu 32 bit vi phn gii 1024 x 768 th ti thiu cn khong 5MB trong b nh Card

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WWW.HOCNGHE.COM.VN Video - Nu hin th hnh nh ng nh Video, Game th cn thit c b nh cao gp nhiu ln khi hin th hnh nh tnh, nu b nh Card khng dung lng s lm cho hnh nh Video b git cc khi hin th .

u cp ni vi my tnh c 3 ng tn hiu Video l R, G, B v hai xung ing b H.SYN v V.SYN

5 - Nguyn l hot ng ca khi khuch i Video .

5.1 Khi khuch i Video c tng cng sut s dng Transistor

Khi khuch i Video c tng cng sut s dng Transistor

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PRED AMPLY VIDEO l IC tin khuch i lm nhim v khuch i ba tn hiu R, G, B, iu chnh tng phn, ghim mc chi, trn tn hiu hin th , v iu chnh cn bng cho ba tn hiu mu .

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WWW.HOCNGHE.COM.VN IC c cp ngun 12V, trong trng hp mt ngun Vcc 12V hoc cht IC mn nh s mt hnh cn mn sng hoc nh b sai mu .

Mt hnh cn mn sng
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Xung CLAMP t cao p hoc t vi x l a ti, xung ny c tn s bng tn s qut dng v c nhim v ghim mc thm cho tn hiu Video, nu mt xung CLAMP th mn nh b mt hnh nh hin tng trn, xung CLAMP o ti chn IC c khong 1V AC, ta c th kim tra chn CLAMP bng ng h c thang o tn s, tn s xung CLAMP bng tn s qut dng . R IN, G IN, B IN l ba tn hiu Video t Card Video ca my tnh a sang, in p tn hiu ti cc chn ny rt yu khong 0,1V AC chng c a vo IC khuch i . - Trong cc trng hp t cp tn hiu, mt tn hiu vo chn R, G hoc B => mn nh s b sai mu .

Mn nh ng mu tm do t cp tn hiu G ( xanh l ) - Cc chn tn hiu ra ca IC c in p khong 2 n 2,5V DC, khi c ba tn hiu vo v IC tt th p mt chiu ra ti ba chn ny phi bng nhau, trng hp mt tn hiu vo hoc hng mt v IC th in p ra s b lch . Chn CONTRAS nhn lnh Contras t vi x l a ti iu chnh tng phn cho mn hnh, in p lnh Contras thay i t 2 n 5 V DC, nu mt lnh ny => nh trn mn hnh s m hoc c th mt hnh cn mn sng mn .

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nh b m do mt in p lnh Contras
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DISPLAY l IC gii m tn hiu hin th, cc tn hiu hin th t vi x l a ti thng qua hai ng Data v Clock, chng c gii m ly ra cc tn hiu mu R, G, B sau em trn vo tn hiu Video ca my . DATA ( ng d liu ), CLOCK ( xung ng h ) hai ng ny t Vi x l a ti mang thng tin v tn hiu hin th, ngoi ra trong cc my hin nay, cc lnh c iu khin t vi x l nh Contras, R Bias, G Bias, B Bias cng c thc hin qua hai ng tn hiu trn . V BLK v H BLK l xung mnh v xung dng cung cp cho mch gii m hin th xc lp to hin th trn mn hnh . Hai n Q1 v Q2 l tng cng sut khuch i cho tn hiu B, chng c mc ni tip tng h s khuch i, Q1 l n nh khng cn to nhit, Q2 l n cng sut gn trn tm to nhit . - Tn hiu c a vo chn B n Q1 khuch i qua hai n sau ly ra chn C n cng sut Q2 cho ghp qua t sang Katt n hnh . - Tng cng sut c ba mch khuch i nh trn khuch i cho ba mu R, G, B . Khi hng mt tng cng sut => mn nh cng b sai mu .

Hng tng cng sut R, mn nh b mt mu * Nhim v cc linh kin xung quanh hai n cng sut : - R1 in tr ni tng t tin khuch i sang khuch i cng sut - R2 in tr nh thin cho n cng sut Q2 - R3 in tr ghnh cho n cng sut Q2 XUANVINH

WWW.HOCNGHE.COM.VN - R4 cung cp in p DC cho Ka tt * in p Vcc cho tng cng sut l 90V * in p nh thin cho tng cng sut l 12V . n Q3 v bin tr B Bias c nhim v phn cc p mt chiu cho Katt B, c ba n v ba bin tr nh vy phn cc p mt chiu cho ba Katt, trong trng hp mn nh b sai mu do pht x ca ba tia n hnh thay i, ta c th chnh li cc bin tr Bias cn bng trng cho mn hnh . - Nu mt trong cc n Bias b hng => in p trn ba Katt s b lch, pht x ca ba tia s b lch => mn nh s b sai mu tng t nh cc hin tng sai mu trn .

5.2 Khi khuch i Video c tng cng sut s dng IC

Khi khuch i Video c tng cng sut s dng IC

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Tng cng sut s dng IC thay th cho ba cp Transistor - IC s dng hai ngun nui l Vcc1 = 90V v Vcc2 = 12V - Ba tn hiu vo R, G, B nhn tn hiu t IC tin khuch i a sang, cc tn hiu ra c ghp qua t sang ba Katt . Mch Bias v mch Display c tch hp trong IC tin khuch i, cc iu khin v tn hiu hin th t vi x l c a qua hai ng Data v Clock, sau c mch gii m trong IC tin khuch i cho ra cc tn hiu hin th v cc lnh iu chnh Bias, Contras v v... , lnh iu chnh cn bng trng Bias c cc Transistor bin iu thnh in p mt chiu a vo Katot iu khin dng pht x tnh ca mn hnh . V BLK v H BLK l xung mnh v xung dng cung cp cho mch gii m hin th xc lp to hin th trn mn hnh . IC tin khuch i c hai ng Vcc l 12V v 5V - Ngun Vcc 12V cung cp in p cho cc tng khuch i R, G, B - Ngun 5V cung cp in p cho mch gii m lnh v hin th .

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- Xung Clamp ghim mc thm cho tn hiu, xung ny c cung cp t Cao p hoc t Vi x l, mt xung Clamp my s mt hnh .

6- Phn tch khi khuch i VIDEO trn my thc t

6.1 Phn tch khi VIDEO ca Monitor SAMSUNG 793DFX Bn kch chut vo s xem chi tit

IC tin khuch i Video LM 1236 - Chn 1 - V BLK nhn xung mnh t IC cng xut mnh ti cung cp cho mch gii m hin th . => Nu mt xung V BLK i vo chn ny mn hnh s mt hin th - Chn 2 - V_CAP Chn ni vi t lc ngun - Chn 3 - VREF_REXT qua tr thot mass - Chn 4 - GND chn mass - Chn 5 - RIN chn nhn tn hiu R t CPU a ti => Nu mt tn hiu i vo chn ny, mn hnh s mt mu , hnh nh ng sang mu xanh .

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- Chn 6 - GIN chn nhn tn hiu G t CPU a ti => Nu mt tn hiu i vo chn ny, mn hnh s mt mu xanh l, hnh nh ng sang mu tm .

- Chn 7 - BIN chn nhn tn hiu B t CPU a ti => Nu mt tn hiu i vo chn ny, mn hnh s mt mntnh l, hnh nh ng sang mu vng .

- Chn 8 - PLL_GND mass ca mch PLL - Chn 9 - PLL_FILTER chn dao ng ca mch PLL - Chn 10 - PLL_VCC Chn cp ngun cho mch PLL ( Vng kho pha ), mch PLL sa dng xung cho mch to hin th => Mt in p chn ny mn hnh s mt hin th - Chn 11 - SDA - D liu Data t vi x l cung cp cho mch hin th v gii m lnh => Nu mt tn hiu Data => mn hnh s mt hin th - Chn 12 - SCL - Xung ng h Clock t vi x l cung cp XUANVINH

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cho mch hin th v gii m lnh => Nu mt xung Clock => mn hnh s mt hin th - Chn 13 - ABL ( khng kt ni ) - Chn 14 - RCT ( R Control ) lnh iu khin tia , lnh ny a n IC 104 iu khin thay i p DC trn Katot R - Chn 15 - GCT ( tng t chn 14 ) - Chn 16 - BCT ( tng t chn 14 ) - Chn 17 - GND - Mass - Chn 18 - VCC_DIGITAL - cung cp 5V cho mch khuch i Video v gii m hin th , gii m lnh . => Nu mt in p 5V chn ny => mn nh mt hnh ch cn mn sng m .

- Chn 19 - ROUT - Tn hiu mu i ra a sang tng cng sut - Chn 20 - GOUT - Tn hiu mu xanh l i ra cung cp cho tng cng sut - Chn 21 - BOUT - Tn hiu mu xanh l i ra cung cp cho tng cng sut - Chn 22 - ABL ( Auto Bright Limited ) t ng gii hn sng, chn ny nhn in p ACL t chn cao p - Chn 23 - Clamp - xung Clamp t cap p a ti gim mc tn hiu Video, mt xung ny mn nh s mt hnh => Nu mt xung Clamp => Mn nh s mt hnh, ch cn mn sng m . - Chn 24 - H BLK - xung dng t cao p a n cung cp cho mch hin th . => Nu mt xung H BLK i n chn ny mn hnh s mt hin th IC khuch i cng sut VIDEO - LM 2470

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- Chn 1 - R-OUT - tn hiu mu i ra cung cp cho Katot R - Chn 2- G-OUT- tn hiu mu xanh l i ra cung cp cho KatotG - Chn 3 - B-OUT - tn hiu mnhnh l i ra cung cp cho Katot B => Khi IC bnh thng in p ra ti ba chn 1, 2, 3 tng ng nhau v bng khong 2/3 VCC, trng hp in p ra trn 3 chn 1,2,3 khc nhau l c hai nguyn nhn - Mt mt tn hiu u vo - Hng IC cng sut - Chn 4 - VCC - chn cp ngun 80V. => Nu mt ngun 80V cung cp cho mch khuch i VIDEO, mn nh s sng trng v c tia qut ngc do mt in p DC trn ba Katot .

=> Nu cn 80V cung cp cho mch VIDEO nhng lng chn VCC hoc hng IC cng sut => mn nh s mt hnh cn mn sng m XUANVINH

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- Chn 5 - Mass - Chn 6 - BIN - chn tn hiu xanh l i vo IC => Nu mt tn hiu BIN i vo chn 6 => mn nh s ng mu vng

- Chn 7 GIN chn tn hi xanh l i vo IC => Nu mt tn hiu GIN i vo chn 6 => mn nh s ng mu tm

- Chn 8 - VBB chn cp ngun 8V chi IC => Nu mt in p 8V cp vo chn 8 => mn nh s mt hnh do mt in p nh thin cho cc tng cng sut trong IC - Chn 9 RIN chn tn hiu i vo IC => Nu mt tn hiu RIN i vo chn 6 => mn nh s ng mu xanh

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IC BIAS iu khin p DC cho ba Katt

- Cc chn 1, 2, 3 nhn lnh iu khin R-BIAS, G-BIAS v BBIAS t mch gii m lnh nm trong IC tin khuch i Video . - Cc chn 6, 7, 8 ni vi ba Katt xc lp p DC trn ba Katt - Chn 5 - cp ngun 80V cho IC . => Bnh thng in p DC trn ba Katt bng nhau v bng khong 40V n 50V . => Nu hng IC- BIAS in p trn 3 Katt c th b thay i - Nu in p trn 3 Katot b lch , mn nh s b sai mu . - Nu in p trn 3 Katt tng bng ngun 80V => mn nh s mt nh sng do 3 Katt pht x yu . - Nu mt in p trn 3 Katt => mn nh s sng trng v c tia qut ngc .

6.2 Phn tch khi VIDEO ca Monitor DEWO 523X Bn kch chu vo s xem chi tit XUANVINH

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IC Tin khuch i VIDEO - Chn 1 - R GAIN lnh iu chng li cho mu - Chn 2 - RIN chn nhn tn hiu R t CPU a ti => Nu mt tn hiu R-IN ( thng do t cp tn hiu ) => mn nh s ng mu xanh

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- Chn 3 - G GAIN lnh iu chng li cho mu xanh l - Chn 4 - GIN chn nhn tn hiu G t CPU a ti => Nu mt tn hiu G-IN ( thng do t cp tn hiu ) => mn nh s ng mu tm

- Chn 5 - R GAIN lnh iu chng li cho mu xanh l - Chn 6 - BIN chn nhn tn hiu B t CPU a ti => Nu mt tn hiu B-IN ( thng do t cp tn hiu ) => mn nh s ng mu vng

- Chn 7 - GND - Mass - Chn 8 - R OSD - tn hiu hin th mu - Chn 9 - Vcc in p ngun cung cp 8V - Chn 10 - G OSD - tn hiu hin th mu xanh l - Chn 11 - OSD CONT iu chnh tng phn cho tn hiu hin th - Chn 12 - B OSD - tn hiu hin th mu xanh l - Chn 13 - CONT - iu chnh tng phn cho tn hiu Video => Nu mt in p lnh CONTRAS hnh nh s m nht XUANVINH

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hoc c th mt hnh .

- Chn 14 - F BLK chn nhn xung dng xc lp to hin th => Nu mt xung dng, mn hnh s mt hin th - Chn 15 - B OUT chn ra tn hiu B - Chn 16 - B CAP - chn lc tn hiu B - Chn 17 - Vcc VIDEO - in p Vcc cho mch khuch i Video => Nu mt in p Vcc => mn nh s mt hnh, cn mn sng m

- Chn 18 - G CAP - chn lc tn hiu G - Chn 19 - GOUT - Tn hiu mu i ra a sang tng cng sut - Chn 20 - V5 - Chn lc ngun - Chn 21 - R CAP - chn lc tn hiu R - Chn 22 - R OUT chn ra tn hiu R cung cp tn hiu cho tng cng sut - Chn 23 - Clamp - xung Clamp t cap p a ti gim mc tn hiu Video => Nu mt xung CLAMP mn nh s mt hnh , cn mn sng m - Chn 24 - H BLK - xung dng t cao p a n cung cp cho mch hin th . => Nu mt xung ny mn hnh s mt hin th .
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Tng khuch i cng sut VIDEO.

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Mt tng khuch i cng sut VIDEO - R

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Tng khuch i cng sut c ba mch hot ng song song khuch i cho ba mu R, G, B , ba tng ny c cu to v nguyn l hot ng nh nhau . * Vi tng khuch i R : - Q801 l n cng sut c to nhit - Q802 l n tin khuch i cng sut nh . => Hai n mc ni tip tng h s khuch i . - R808 l tr nh thin cho n cng sut Q1 - R811 v R812 l in tr ghnh cho n cng sut Q1 - Q803 v Q804 l hai n khuch i m lm cho cng tn hiu kho hn => Bt k h hng mt trong cc linh kin trn => s lm mt mt tn hiu mu a ti Katt R => lm cho mn nh b sai mu ng mu xanh .

* Tng t nh vy vi tng cng sut G v B - Ngun Vcc cho mch cng sut l 65V => Nu mt in p 65V cp cho v ui n => mn nh s sng trng c tia qut ngc do mt in p DC trn 3 katt

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- Ngun nh thin cho mch cng sut l 8V => Tn hiu R t u ra IC tin khuch i c a vo chn B n Q802, sau khi khuch i tn hiu c ly ra chn C n Q801 => cho khuch i m qua hai n Q803, Q804 sau ghp qua t C810 a sang KR ca n hnh .

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