BI II

HP NG THNG MI
1. Khi nim, c im

2. K kt, ni dung hp ng v cc bin php bo m thc hin hp ng 3. Cc bin php ch ti v cc trng hp min, gim trch nhim 4. Hp ng v hiu v cch x l hp ng v hiu 5. Thi hiu khiu ni v khi kin

Trong quan h giao dch hng ngy, ngoi hp ng lao ng (xc lp trong quan h mua bn sc lao ng), t 01/01/2006, khi p dng B lut dn s 2005 v Lut thng mi 2005, cc giao dch khc c xp vo mt trong hai loi hp ng : hp ng dn s v hp ng thng mi Theo .4 LTM 2005, i vi cc hot ng thng mi c th c qui nh trong lut khc th p dng theo qui nh ca lut . Trng hp hot ng thng mi khng c qui nh trong Lut thng mi (2005) v trong cc lut khc th p dng qui nh ca B lut dn s 2005. Ngoi ra, trng hp iu c quc t m Vit Nam l thnh vin c qui nh p dng php lut nc ngoi, tp qun thng mi quc t hoc c qui nh khc vi qui nh ca Lut thng mi (2005) th p dng theo qui nh ca iu c quc t . Cc bn trong giao dch c yu t nc ngoi c tha thun p dng php lut nc ngoi, tp qun thng mi quc t nu php lut nc ngoi, tp qun thng mi quc t khng tri vi cc nguyn tc c bn ca php lut Vit Nam (.5 LTM 2005) 1. KHI NIM, C IM : 1.1. Khi nim : LTM 2005 khng nh ngha th no l hp ng thng mi nhng theo .1 v .2 ca LTM 2005 (nu phm vi iu chnh v i tng iu chnh ca LTM 2005) c th nh ngha : hp ng thng mi l s tha thun thc hin cc hot ng thng mi trn lnh th Vit Nam v hot ng thng mi ngoi lnh th Vit Nam nu cc bn tha thun p dng lut ny hoc lut nc ngoi, iu c quc t m Vit Nam l thnh vin c qui nh p dng lut ny. Hot ng thng mi l hot ng nhm mc ch sinh li, bao gm mua bn hng ha, cung ng dch vu, u t, xc tin thng mi (gm hot ng khuyn mi, qung co thng mi, trng by, gii thiu hng ha, dch v v hi ch trin lm thng mi) v cc hot ng nhm mc ch sinh li khc. Hng ha trong hot ng thng mi gm tt c cc loi ng sn (k c ng sn hnh thnh trong tng lai) v nhng vt gn lin vi t ai. 1.2. c im : Cc c im ca HDS v HTM cng chnh l cc cn c phn bit hai loi hp ng ny, l xt v mc ch giao dch, ch th tham gia v hnh thc giao dch : 1.2.1. V mc ch :
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Mc ch xc lp hp ng thng mi l nhm sinh li. Sinh li c hiu l nhm tm li nhun (khng nht thit phi c li nhun). Tuy nhin, theo .1 LTM 2005, hot ng ca mt bn khng nhm mc ch sinh li vi thng nhn trn lnh th VN cng p dng LTM gii quyt trong trng hp c bn la chn. 1.2.2. V ch th : Ch th trong HTM gm thng nhn (bao gm t chc kinh t c thnh lp hp php, c nhn hot ng thng mi mt cch c lp, thng xuyn v c KKD), c nhn, t chc khc c hot ng lin quan n thng mi (.2 LTM 2005) 1.2.3. Hnh thc : Theo LTM 2005, HTM c th hin bng li ni, bng vn bn hoc c xc lp bng hnh vi c th. Trng hp php lut qui nh bng vn bn th phi tun theo hnh thc ny (TD : H mua bn hng ha quc t, H dch v khuyn mi, H dch v qung co thng mi, H dch v trng by, gii thiu hng ha, H y thc mua bn hng ha, H i l thng mi, H gia cng, ) 2. K KT, NI DUNG HP NG V CC BIN PHP BO M THC HIN HP NG: 2.1. K kt HKT : 2.1.1. i din k kt : - LTM 2005 khng qui nh v vn ny, v vy p dng theo qui nh ca BLDS 2005. - Theo qui nh ca BLDS 2005, thm quyn k kt trong hp ng dn s l Ngi i din theo php lut v Ngi i din theo y quyn. Ngi i din theo php lut l Ngi c chn ng u t chc (tu tng loi t chc, ngi ng u t chc l ngi gi mt chc v c th trong t chc hoc ngi c t chc la chn v ghi trong iu l ca t chc). Ngui i din theo y quyn l ngi c Ngi i din theo php lut y quyn bng vn bn. Vic y quyn c th thc hin bng hnh thc do cc bn tha thun tr trng hp php lut qui nh bng hnh thc vn bn. Ngi c y quyn c y quyn li cho ngi th ba nu c Ngi y quyn ng (. 583 BLDS). i vi giao dch vt phm vi y quyn, Ngi y quyn khng chu trch nhim tr trng hp Ngi y quyn ng hoc bit m khng phn i (. 146 BLDS) 2.1.2. Thi im giao kt : - Theo .403 v 404 BLDS, thi im giao kt hp ng dn s v hiu lc hp ng c xc nh nh sau : * Hp ng c giao kt vo thi im bn ngh nhn c tr li chp nhn giao kt. * Hp ng cng c xem nh c giao kt khi ht thi hn tr li m bn nhn c ngh vn im lng, nu c tha thun im lng l s tr li chp nhn giao kt. * Thi im giao kt hp ng bng li ni l thi im cc bn tha thun v ni dung ca hp ng. * Thi im giao kt hp ng bng vn bn l thi im bn sau cng k vo vn bn.

* Giao dch dn s thng qua phng tin in t di hnh thc thng ip d liu cng c coi l giao dch vn bn (.124 BLDS) Lut thng mi 2005 khng qui nh v hnh thc giao kt nhng cng xc nh cc giao dch qua in bo, telex, fax, thng ip d liu (thng tin c to, gi, nhn v lu gi bng phng tin in t) c gi tr ging nh hnh thc k kt bng vn bn (.3 LTM 2005) 2.2. Ni dung hp ng v cc bin php bo m thc hin hp ng: 2.2.1. Ni dung hp ng : LTM 2005 khng nu cc ni dung cn c trong hp ng (tu thuc tho thun ca cc bn), BLDS 2005 (.402) gi cc ni dung chnh gm : - i tng hp ng (ti sn phi giao, cng vic phi lm hoc khng c lm) - S lng, cht lng - Gi , phng thc thanh ton - Thi hn, a im, phng thc thc hin H - Quyn v ngha v cc bn . - Trch nhim do vi phm hp ng. - Pht vi phm hp ng. - Cc ni dung khc. 2.2.2. Cc vn bn tha thun khc (km theo H) : LTM 2005 khng qui nh cc v bn tha thun khc km theo hp ng nhng BLDS 2005 (.408) c nu vn bn tha thun km hp ng l : * Ph lc H : - Nhm chi tit mt s iu khon ca hp ng. Ph lc hp ng c hiu lc nh hp ng. Ni dung ca ph lc khng c tri vi ni dung ca hp ng. - Trng hp ph lc c iu khon tri vi ni dung ca iu khon trong hp ng th iu khon ny khng c hiu lc, tr trng hp c tha thun khc. Nu cc bn chp nhn ph lc hp ng c iu khon tri vi iu khon trong H th coi nh iu khon trong H c sa i. 2.2.3. Sa i hp ng : - Theo . 423 BLDS, cc bn c th tha thun sa i hp ng v gii quyt hu qu ca vic sa i, tr trng hp php lut c qui nh khc. Trong trng hp hp ng c cng chng, chng thc, ng k hoc cho php th vic sa i hp ng cng phi tun theo hnh thc . - Lut thng mai 2005 khng qui nh v vic sa i hp ng nn p dng theo qui nh ca BLDS. 2.2.4. Chm dt hp ng :: - Theo .424 BLDS, hp ng dn s chm dt trong nhng trng hp sau : + Hp ng c hon thnh + Theo tha thun ca cc bn

+ C nhn giao kt hp ng cht, php nhn hoc ch th khc chm dt m hp ng phi do chnh c nhn, php nhn hoc ch th thc hin. + Hp ng b hy b, b n phng chm dt thc hin + Hp ng khng th thc hin c do i tng ca hp ng khng cn v cc bn c th tha thun thay th i tng khc hoc bi thng thit hi. + Cc trng hp khc do php lut qui nh. - Lut thng mai 2005 khng qui nh v vic sa i hp ng nn p dng theo qui nh ca BLDS. 2.2.5. Cc bin php bo m thc hin ngha v hp ng : Theo BLDS 2005 (LTM 2005 khng qui nh), cc bin php bo m thc hin ngha v gm : th chp, cm c, t cc,k cc,k qu, bo lnh, tn chp . a). Th chp ti sn (.342, 343 BLDS): Th chp ti sn l vic mt bn (gi l bn th chp) dng ti sn thuc s hu ca mnh bo m thc hin ngha v i vi bn kia (gi l bn nhn th chp) v khng chuyn giao ti sn cho bn nhn th chp m do bn th chp gi hoc tha thun giao cho ngi th ba gi Ti sn th chp cng c th l ti sn hnh thnh trong tng lai Vic th chp ti sn phi c lp thnh vn bn ring hoc ghi trong hp ng chnh. Trong trng hp php lut c qui nh th vn bn th chp phi c cng chng, chng thc hoc ng k. b). Cm c ti sn (.326, 327 BLDS) : Cm c ti sn l vic mt bn (gi l bn cm c) giao ti sn thuc quyn s hu ca mnh cho bn kia (gi l bn nhn cm c) bo m thc hin ngha v dn s. Vic cm c phi c lp thnh vn bn, c th lp thnh vn bn ring hoc ghi trong hp ng chnh (khng qui nh phi c cng chng hoc chng thc) c). Bo lnh (.361, 362, 363 BLDS): Bo lnh l vic ngi th ba (gi l bn bo lnh) cam kt vi bn c quyn (gi l bn nhn bo lnh) s thc hin thay cho bn c ngha v (gi l bn c bo lnh) nu khi n thi hn m bn c bo lnh khng thc hin ngha v hoc thc hin khng ng ngha v. Cc bn cng c th tha thun v vic bn bo lnh ch phi thc hin ngha v khi bn c bo lnh khng c kh nng thc hin ngha v ca mnh. Vic bo lnh phi c lp thnh vn bn ring hoc ghi trong hp ng chnh. Trong trng hp php lut c qui nh th vn bn bo lnh phi c cng chng, chng thc d). t cc : t cc l vic mt bn giao cho bn kia mt khon tin hoc kim kh qu, qu hoc vt c gi tr khc trong mt thi gian bo m giao kt hoc thc hin hp ng. Trng hp hp ng c giao kt, thc hin th ti sn t cc c tr li cho bn t cc hoc c tr thc hin ngha v tr tin; nu bn t cc t chi vic

giao kt, thc hin hp ng th ti sn t cc thuc v bn nhn t cc; nu bn nhn t cc t chi vic giao kt, thc hin hp ng th phi tr cho bn t cc ti sn t cc v mt khon tin tng ng gi tr ti sn t cc tr trng hp c tha thun khc. Vic t cc phi c lp thnh vn bn. ) K cc : K cc l vic bn thu ti sn l ng sn, giao cho bn cho thu mt khon tin hoc kim kh qu, qu hoc vt c gi tr khc trong mt thi gian bo m vic tr li ti sn thu. Trng hp ti sn thu c tr li th bn thu c nhn li ti sn k cc sau khi tr tin thu; nu bn thu khng tr li ti sn thu th bn cho thu c quyn i li ti sn thu; nu ti sn thu khng cn tr li th ti sn k cc thuc v bn kia. e). K qu : K qu l vic bn c ngha v gi mt khon tin hoc kim kh qu, qu hoc giy t c gi khc vo ti khon phong ta ti mt ngn hng bo m vic thc hin ngha v. Trng hp bn c ngha v khng thc hin hoc thc hin khng ng ngha v th bn c quyn c ngn hng ni k qu thanh ton, bi thng thit hi do bn c ngha v gy ra sau khi tr chi ph dch v ngn hng. Th tc gi v thanh ton do php lut v ngn hng qui nh. g). Tn chp : Tn chp ch vic t chc chnh tr x hi ti c s bo m bng tn chp cho c nhn, h gia nh ngho vay mt khon tin ti ngn hng hoc t chc tn dng khc sn xut, kinh doanh, lm dch v theo qui nh ca Chnh ph . Vic cho vay c bo m bng tn chp phi c lp thnh vn bn c ghi r s tin vay, mc ch vay, thi hn vay, li sut, quyn v ngha v, trch nhim ca ngi vay, ngn hng, t chctn dng cho vay v t chc bo m. 3. CC BIN PHP CH TI V CC TRNG HP MIN, GIM TRCH NHIM : 3.1. Cc bin php ch ti khi thc hin hp ng : Gm cc hnh thc : pht vi phm, bi thng thit hi, hy b hp ng, nh ch, buc thc hin ng hp ng, tm ngng thc hin hp ng. a). Hu b hp ng (.312, 314, 315 LTM 2005): - Hu b hp ng l vic bi b hon ton (hoc mt phn) vic thc hin ngha v ghi trong hp ng - Mt bn c quyn hy b hp ng khi xy ra hnh vi vi phm H m cc bn tha thun l iu kin hy b hp ng hoc mt bn vi phm c bn ngha v H. (Vi phm c bn l s vi phm hp ng ca mt bn gy thit hi cho bn kia n mc lm cho bn kia khng t c mc ch ca vic giao kt hp ng .3 LTM 2005) - Bn mun hy b phi thng thng bo ngay cho bn kia bit. Trng hp khng thng bo, gy thit hi cho bn kia th phi bi thng thit hi.

- Khi hp ng b hy b, xem nh hp ng khng c hiu lc t thi im giao kt, cc bn khng phi thc hin cc ngha v tha thun trong hp ng tr tha thun v cc quyn v ngha v sau khi hu b hp ng v v gii quyt tranh chp. Cc bn c quyn i li li ch do vic thc hin phn ngha v ca mnh theo hp ng; nu cc bn u c ngha v hon tr th ngha v ca h phi c thc hin ng thi; trng hp khng th hon tr bng chnh li ch nhn th phi hon bng tin. - Bn b vi phm c quyn yu cu bi thng thit hi. b). nh ch thc hin hp ng (. 310, 311 LTM 2005): - Mt bn c quyn nh ch (chm dt thc hin H) khi xy ra hnh vi vi phm m cc bn tha thun l iu kin nh ch hoc mt bn vi phm c bn ngha v ca H nhng phi thng bo ngay cho bn kia bit - H chm dt thc hin t thi im bn kia nhn c thng bo nh ch - Khi H b nh ch, cc bn khng phi tip tc thc hin H, bn thc hin ngha v c quyn yu cu bn kia thanh ton hoc thc hin ngha v i ng - Bn b vi phm c quyn yu cu bi thng thit hi. c). Tm ngng thc hin H (.308, 309 LTM 2005) - Mt bn c quyn tm ngng thc hin H khi xy ra hnh vi vi phm m cc bn tha thun l iu kin tm ngng thc hin H hoc mt bn vi phm c bn ngha v ca H nhng phi thng bo ngay cho bn kia bit - Khi H b tm ngng thc hin, H vn cn hiu lc. - Bn b vi phm c quyn yu cu bi thng thit hi. - Tr trng hp c tha thun khc, bn b vi phm khng c p dng ch ti tm ngng thc hin hp ng, nh ch thc hin hoc hy b hp ng i vi vi phm khng c bn d). Buc thc hin ng hp ng (.297, 299 LTM 2005): - Buc thc hin ng hp ng l vic bn b vi phm yu cu bn vi phm thc hin ng H hoc dng cc bin php khc H c thc hin v chu cc chi ph pht sinh. - Trong thi gian p dng ch ti ny, bn b vi phm c quyn yu cu bi thng thit hi v pht vi phm nhng khng c p dng cc ch ti khc tr trng hp c tha thun khc. - Bn b vi phm c th gia hn thi gian hp l bn vi phm thc hin ngha v hp ng. Nu bn vi phm khng thc hin ch ti buc thc hin H trong thi hn m bn b vi phm n nh th bn b vi phm c quyn p dng cc ch ti khc. ). Pht hp ng : Pht hp ng l khon tin bn vi phm tr cho bn b vi phm do vi phm H nu trong H c tha thun tr cc trng hp c min trch nhim (.300 LTM 2005) - Mc pht i vi mt vi phm hoc tng mc pht i vi nhiu vi phm do cc bn tha thun trong H nhng khng qu 8% tnh trn gi tr phn vi phm (.301 LTM 2005)

- Trng hp bn vi phm H chm thanh ton th bn b vi phm c quyn yu cu tr tin li trn s tin chm tr theo li sut n qu hn trung bnh trn th trng ti thi im thanh ton tng ng vi thi gian chm tr, tr trng hp c tha thun khc hoc PL c qui nh khc (.306 LTM 2005) e). Bi thng thit hi : Bi thng thit hi l vic bn vi phm bi thng nhng tn tht do hnh vi vi phm hp ng gy ra cho bn b vi phm Gi tr bi thng thit hi bao gm gi tr tn tht thc t, trc tip m bn b vi phm phi chu do bn vi phm gy ra v khon li trc tip m bn b vi phm ng l c hng nu khng c hnh vi vi phm (.302 LTM 2005) * Cn c i BTTH (.303 - 305 LTM 2005) - C hnh vi vi phm hp ng - C thit hi thc t - Hnh vi vi phm H l nguyn nhn trc tip gy ra s thit hi. Bn yu cu bi thng thit hi phi chng minh tn tht, mc tn tht do hnh vi vi phm gy ra v khon li trc tip m bn b vi phm ng l c hng nu khng c hnh vi vi phm. Bn yu cu bi thng thit hi phi p dng cc bin php hp l hn ch tn tht; nu khng bn vi phm c quyn yu cu gim bt gi tr tin bi trng bng mc tn tht c th hn ch c. * Quan h gia pht vi phm v bi thng thit hi (.307 LTM 2005) - Trng hp cc bn khng c tha thun pht vi phm th bn b vi phm ch c quyn yu cu bi thng thit hi - Trng hp cc bn c tha thun pht vi phm th bn b vi phm c quyn yu cu bi thng thit hi v pht vi phm. 3.2. Cc trng hp min trch nhim : Ch cc trng hp bn vi phm khng phi chu trch nhim (min) cc ch ti khi c mt trong s cc cn c lut nh. Theo . 294 Lut thng mi 2005, bn vi phm c min trch nhim trong nhng trng hp sau y : - Xy ra trng hp min trch nhim m cc bn tha thun. - Xy ra s kin bt kh khng. - Hnh vi vi phm ca mt bn hon ton do li ca bn kia. - Hnh vi vi phm ca mt bn do thc hin quyt nh ca c quan qun l Nh nc c thm quyn m cc bn khng th bit c vo thi im giao kt hp ng Bn vi phm c ngha v chng minh cc trng hp min trch nhim. 4. HP NG V HIU V CCH X L HP NG V HIU : 4.1. Khi nim : Hp ng b coi l v hiu l cc trng hp hp ng kinh t c xem nh khng c hiu lc p dng cho cc bn k kt. Vic xc nh hp ng kinh t v hiu thuc thm quyn ca Ta n c thm quyn.

Lut thng mi 2005 khng qui nh cc trng hp v hiu nn p dng theo qui nh ca BLDS 2005 4.2. Cc trng hp hp ng v hiu : 4.2.1. V hiu ton b : Khi tan b hp ng khng c gi tr thc hin trong cc trng hp sau: a). Khi ni dung giao dch vi phm iu cm ca php lut, tri o c x hi: iu cm ca php lut l nhng qui nh ca php lut khng cho php ch th thc hin nhng hnh vi nht nh o c x hi l nhng chun mc ng x chung gia ngi vi ngi trong i sng x hi, c cng ng tha nhn v tn trng (.128 BLDS) b) Khi ni dung giao dch do gi to : Giao dch ny nhm che du mt giao dch khc. Trng hp ny, giao dch gi to b coi l v hiu cn giao dch che du vn c hiu lc tr trng hp giao dch cng v hiu theo qui nh ca BLDS. Trng hp xc lp giao dch gi to nhm trn trnh ngha v vi ngi th ba th giao dch v hiu (. 129 BLDS) c). Khi giao dch do ngi cha thnh nin, ngi mt nng lc hnh vi dn s, ngi b hn ch nng lc hnh vi dn s xc lp, thc hin: Trong trng hp ny, theo yu cu ca ngi i din ca ngi , Ta n tuyn b giao dch v hiu nu theo qui nh ca php lut, giao dch ny phi do ngi i din ca h xc lp, thc hin (. 130 BLDS). d). Khi giao dch do b la di, e da : La di trong giao dch l hnh vi c ca mt bn hoc ca ngi th ba nhm lm cho bn kia hiu sai lch v ch th, tnh cht ca i tng hoc ni dung ca giao dch nn xc lp giao dch . e da trong giao dch l hnh vi c ca mt bn hoc ca ngi th ba lm cho bn kia buc phi thc hin giao dch nhm trnh thit hi v tnh mng, sc khe, danh d, uy tn, nhn phm, ti sn ca mnh hoc ca cha, m, v, chng, con ca mnh. Trng hp ny bn b la di, e da c quyn yu cu Ta n tuyn b giao dch dn s l v hiu (. 132 BLDS) . d). Khi giao dch do b nhm ln : Khi mt bn c li do v lm cho bn kia nhm ln v ni dung ca giao dch. Bn b nhm ln c quyn yu cu bn kia thay i ni dung ca giao dch . Nu bn kia khng chp nhn th bn b nhm ln c quyn yu cu Ta n tuyn b giao dch v hiu. Trng hp mt bn do li c lm cho bn kia nhm ln v ni dung ca giao dch th gii quyt theo qui nh nh trng hp b la di, e da (.131 BLDS) ) Khi giao dch do ngi xc lp khng nhn thc v lm ch c hnh vi ca mnh : Ngi c nng lc hnh vi dn s nhng xc lp giao dch vo ng thi im khng nhn thc v lm ch c hnh vi ca mnh th c quyn yu cu Ta n tuyn b giao dch v hiu (. 133 BLDS). e). Khi giao dch khng tun th qui nh v hnh thc:

Trong trng hp php lut qui nh hnh thc giao dch l iu kin c hiu lc ca giao dch m cc bn khng tun theo th theo yu cu ca mt hoc cc bn, Ta n, c quan Nh nc c thm quyn khc quyt nh, buc cc bn thc hin qui nh v hnh thc ca giao dch trong mt thi hn, qu hn m khng thc hin th giao dch l v hiu (.134 BLDS) g). Khi c i tng khng th thc hin c : Trong trng hp ngay t khi k kt , hp ng c mt hoc nhiu phn ca i tng khng th thc hin c v l do khch quan th hp ng b v hiu. Trng hp khi giao kt hp ng m mt bn bit hoc phi bit v vic hp ng c i tng khng th thc hin c, nhng khng thng bo cho bn kia bit nn bn kia giao kt hp ng th phi bi thng thit hi cho bn kia tr trng hp bn kia bit hoc phi bit v vic hp ng c i tng khng th thc hin c (. 411 BLDS). 4.2.2. V hiu tng phn : Khi mt phn ca giao dch v hiu nhng khng nh hng n hiu lc ca cc phn cn li ca hp ng. (.135 BLDS) Nhng hp ng k vt qu phm vi y quyn th phn vt qu b coi l v hiu . Thi hiu yu cu Ta n tuyn b hp ng v hiu i vi cc trng hp a v b khng b hn ch ; i vi cc trng hp khc l 2 nm k t ngy giao dch c xc lp. 4.3. X l hp ng v hiu : - Giao dch v hiu khng lm pht sinh, thay i, chm dt quyn, ngha v ca cc bn k t thi im xc lp. Khi hp ng b coi l v hiu th cc bn phi khi phc li tnh trng ban u, hon tr cho nhau nhng g nhn; nu khng hon tr c bng hin vt th phi hon tr bng tin tr trng hp ti sn giao dch, hoa li, li tc thu c b tch thu theo qui nh ca php lut. Bn c li gy thit hi phi bi thng (.137 BLDS) - Trong trng hp giao dch v hiu nhng ti sn giao dch l ng sn khng phi ng k quyn s hu c chuyn giao bng mt giao dch khc cho ngi th ba ngay tnh th giao dch vi ngi th ba vn c hiu lc, tr trng hp ngi chim hu ngay tnh c c c ng sn ny thng qua hp ng khng c n b vi ngi khng c quyn nh at ti sn; trong trng hp hp ng ny l hp ng c n b th ch s hu c quyn i li ng sn nu ng sn b ly cp, b mt hoc trng hp khc b chim hu ngai ch ca ch s hu (.138, 257 BLDS). - Trong trng hp ti sn giao dch l bt ng sn hoc l ng sn phi ng k quyn s hu c chuyn giao bng mt giao dch khc cho ngi th ba ngay tnh th giao dch vi ngi th ba b v hiu, tr trng hp ngi th ba ngay tnh nhn c ti sn ny thng qua bn u gi hoc giao dch vi ngi m theo bn n, quyt nh ca c quan Nh nc c thm quyn l ch s hu ti sn nhng sau ngi ny khng phi l ch s hu ti sn do bn n, quyt nh b hy, sa. (. 138 BLDS) 5. THI HIU KHIU NI V KHI KIN : 5.1. Thi hn khiu ni (. 318 LTM 2005):

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Nu cc bn khng c tha thun khc th thi hn khiu ni nh sau : + 3 thng k t ngy giao hng i vi khiu ni v s lng + 6 thng k t ngy giao hng i vi khiu ni v cht lng; trng hp hng ha c bo hnh th thi hn khiu ni l 3 thng k t ngy ht hn bo hnh. + 9 thng k t ngy bn vi phm phi hon thnh ngha v theo hp ng hoc trong trng hp c bo hnh th k t ngy ht thi hn bo hnh i vi khiu ni v cc vi phm khc. + 14 ngy k t ngy giao hng cho ngi nhn i vi thng nhn kinh doanh dch v logistics 5.2- Thi hiu khi kin (. 319 LTM 2005): Thi hiu khi kin p dng i vi cc tranh chp thng mi l 2 nm k t thi im quyn v li ch hp php b xm phm. i vi tranh chp v kinh doanh dch v logistics, thi hiu l 9 thng k t ngy giao hng

LS.Th.S. L MINH NHT (Thng 02/2006)