——— THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SMALL JET HELICOPTER length (vera) 1335, halght lovers) T; width (semes di rotor dlamatar 23° ernpty r recom: 475 be: wnat “ine tl): 900 ts; engines: C8220 im fps {avast 30 ror). et horsepower {et (propane), fuel capacity 5 gal(u-atgncimt) tc 20 ga tue consumpBon (ophroam) 1 2 ee (average 12 galt). ange (mies: 29 0 100+ (depending on fal capacty & Sight characte): speed (phls 59% [utraight mt) approx SS athude (ze: *2500: aireame ansembly method: welona, boing weight 176 be grose parload Dresture jot number of engines: 2 (rcustad an rekx Sos} weight pet jot 6m. length por jet: 205° rotor rlonity (opium: apron 425 thrast combined: 47s (G.<25 teak 38, aggre | VORTECH,TABLE OF CONTENTS ‘The Jet Helicopter: Three-Quarter View... . cover ‘Specifications... & << sins sya s/s)0 eleial § HOON Introduction 6... eee eee eee eens « below Structural Factors)... 5... «0 0005 sale ceed SoMiCe -e-= 2 0 0:0,6/ein elke nee Flight Oper Frame Asembly..2.....00 00000000 $05 Frame Assembly Methods ........--+.- 6-7 Rudder Mechanism. 2... 2.2020 ee 8-9 Propane Tank Mounting Detail... 2... wee Collective Pitch Mechanism ........--.+~ 10 The Throttle Systom.....--+-+--+e+-- Il Fuel System Schematic......-........ 42 Ignition System Schematic - Joystick Mechanism... 2... ‘The Control Head... 2. Experimental Jet Helicopter . . Instriment Panel... 2 0. -< ~~ 1 Te EOUIRE coo as 5. Sn, 3 ne Rotor Blades... The Hiller Homet.........2.06 The Suwa Helicopter. . . ‘The Kolibrie.... ooo. 0 Afterword/Caution.... 2.22... 22-15 = 16 te ss tee es ab INTRODUCTION The building and flying of mall jet helicopters is rapidly groving in popularity ameng airoraft enthusiasts, for reasons easy to understand. with its remarkable flying abil tlee, uch ae ite ability to hever im midair and to fly backward and sideward se voll an forward, he helicopter can provice © sense of physical recon and = general f1yinj experlence Uh attainoble vith ony other Mind of alrsraft. Tie small jot-povered telicopter offers) ‘additionally, a sisplicity of deeign, a lov cost of construction materials and a handling ‘ease in the air unrivaled by its piston-engine comterpart. Elimination of heavy piston engines, complicated gears and tranmuissions not only give tie jot design a clemer appear- Gece, Ent slew = comavatively heurier peylon! plus lowee cost of Conatroction end opleeen) Prokably the Miguect aiventage is the abemes of the torque problen: that tendency of the Funclage of furelage-mounted plston-engine helicopters to rotate contrarivise to the rotors Methods used to counteract this problem only ald more conplexity to the pistor-engine design. Although the atvantages of the jet design had, in the past, been offset by nigh feel consumption, the development of the Gi? Pressure Jet hae virevally eliminates thie shortcoming. For these rensote We are concentrating on the jet meant of propulsion. ‘make monograph is dedicated to the anatesr enthusiast vho fe looking for che qualit Aescribed above at the greatest possible economy. Upon soupleting construction, let ae hear aboit your experience suilding aad Clyieg this aircraft. We vill pay $20 and up for teach photo of a completed JET if we're able to use. Me wish you the areatest success with your project!STRUCTURAL FACTORS Tho basic design and dimensions offered in this sonojrash ate 2 given example and nay be adapted to suit the bailder’s purpose—e.g., enclosing the cabin,..f Lights, adciag avionics, etc.—as long as the basic criteria given belov The following fundamental 2. CENTER OF GRAVITY. che be! ke point of suspencicn. That Gi which the eatice hellcoptes’s wesght Le concentrates. i gocd way to check this is co Suspend the entire helicopter, including pilot, fuel taik|s) and accessories, {rom this Genter point by a cable. Aly necessary adjustments in exact placement of seat, fuel tank(s) OF accessories can then be made, 2. POMER-TO-WEIGHT RATIO. The helicopter should be designed vith reserve power, Approxinstely 12 lbs. per horsepower, ox, for jet engines, Per pound of dynanic thrust (Zoughly, at typical rotor-tip velocity); would be the Easia used in constraction. in order to obtain maximum results from 4 given engine system, rotor blades must be constructed, balanced and mounted With the utmost accurscy. Clearly, such factors as rength and stress of all weight-bearing structures of the craft will also determine the total permissible load. Never exceed these limits. 2. MEEHOD OF CONSTRUCTION. Tho frame of the helicopter may be primarily velded or belted together, No matter what sethod of construction is used, frame Joints aust be strong. Where frame is to be velded together, it is advisable for the amateur to contract @ certified aircraft welder. 4. MATERIALS USED TY CONSTRUCTION. Oversll, the goal is to keep the frame as strong, yer Light as possible, Structurally, sirersfr-quslity, “normalized” 4130 Gheome-moly steel lavsilenle in tbing, reds, cheets) 12 one posaible choice. Tubing of this material may be used Cor the fuselage and tail section. However, an excellent, though lighter material that could pe used for tne frane 1s Odol-re aircract aluminum tubing. Specific materials are noted an the various assembly drawings. ‘Tubing, cable, pulleys, hardware, etc. vill be found at your local metal, hardware, avtonstive, aircvaft, or surplus-parts supplier. Chect the yellow pages of ‘your phon> book. Your local Library should have lists anc ostalogs of manifacturare and suppliers Of bearings and almost anything else you'll need. For example, see the Thomes Aagister, available st most libraries. Also, it should prove heipful to speak with an ultralight aircraft parts supplier, wmo can likely guide you in your cheice cf structural materials, Sone other suppliers are listed below (write to then directly for informaticn) Airersft Sprace & Specialty Co., Box 424, Fullerion, CA 92632. Phone: (outside California) 1-800-824-1930, (within California) 1-800-824-1934. Huge selecion of arcroft ond unalight equipment and cccessores: froma ond stuctral metal, plywood, Hberglass, phenolic oom, AN hardware, becrings cable nstument, sect bets, ec. Send $5.00 for cetslog. Gas Supply Inc., 2238 Edgewood Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 53426, Phone: (outside Minnesota) 1-800- 328-5677, (withia Minnesota) 1-800-742-0678. lenge slecion of propane equipment inks, gauges, fel ine, connectors, wales. Wite or cal for coaiog Whitey Co., 318 Bishop Rosd, Highland Heights, OH 44143. Morulacurerolvahes and itings Wrie fr eciolog ‘Acco Indastries, Inc., 200 Industrial Drive, Milan, TN 38358. Phone: (901)686-0831. ‘Merulaeuter of storderd ane cusion cables. Wri of call forinfometion ‘Wunderlich’, Inc., 306 W. 16th Strect, Lockport, IL 60441. Phone: ($15)838-0450. Marufscurer of rote lochometers. Wree or callforinfernanion.. John Roby, Bookseller, 3703 Nassau Drive, San Diego, CA 9211S. Phone: (619)S83-4264. (Offers huge selecion (600+) of books and menecls on vericcHight ond retarywing cirraf. Send $2.00 for fe,