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Email- zwuitina@yahoo.com

 


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P = 3*V*I*cos
 / W6  =Qm)"  D<E@4  2 S T   ")QK ")-
Watt = joule / second

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S = V*I

 
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 !  Power factor


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I cos = 0
P=0
> = -Q
I sin = 1

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P=0
>=Q

I cos = 0
I sin = 1

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S = P + Q
) W
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>=P
I sin 0
>=Q

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 46  )"  a HQ 8   -4 )6 )K  0)2 2  "6<) "6
)  "86 =>?   W   Q  4   "H!   "86   8 D6
_ 6" <) "

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 QR  2  "6 )+ "6h 8  D6<) " 2  QR  2 "6
>B  2 )+"6

 DE > - - )4 S   O-6)"  p>Q W) "2:  2  D#/ P "6{ )K
Y 2 )+ D#/ Q "6{ )K X// /  "4T8 " :/  Over excited L
// / "4B I / " :/ Under excited L

 DE > - - )4 S    E p>Q W) D)a K F)T I 8 6/ - -
)"   7;  A,86  D# ")2 7 ")# 1 pu A, D# FH2,Q
8 0.95 pu ")2 7 A, D# A2-/ 8 1.05 pu ")2 7 D@ S<) 8 7
& K/ ^,Q 8  )" )   stator limit  "#  )" ) 
 "  rotor limit K/! 8  )"  " 8   Over excited L D#/
)  Qg DE" I /  Under excited L : D#/ -Qg DE

 DE > - - 5C S  @  2 )4   Q  2  "6 )+F)T 8 "6
_ ) - -  / 0 W 2   :  4/   "# DE >)4 S
 - -   Q SIEMENS SG5 2 7Q 315MVA
 A,U  - - D# 2 /  -    4/   W) 25C -
 Q  Da/ "68 315MW -135Mvar _ 247Mvar  "68 )+
 A, - - D# U 2 /  -    4/   W) 32C -
 Q  Da/ "68 305MW -135Mvar _ 230Mvar  "68 )+

 A, - - D# !?U 2 /  -    4/   W) 37C -


 Q  Da/ "68 255MW -135Mvar _ 190Mvar  "68 )+
@  7 " I /  / Under excited L   /  0.4Pu 2 {")T
 ) 6 W@ S  ")2      # -  Da8 0 "  28 L

 ://  X R
 6 - - D)#/ 0 =Q   ")6T 2  "6 2 )+ "6  0/T
 DOU^   )8 "6Q! :  2  8 "7-   )K 2" R "
X>      8 5C DESQ

 DE > D)#/ )4 S 2   )K :  W) X R  2   "7-   )K
 ") W) X R "6Q2" :/  T F :2   2  P "6)"  " :/
 T F :2   2 )+ Q "6 : Q X
U = 10 KV
P = 100 MW
Q = 80 MVAR
Q = 10 MVAR
Q = -10MVAR
80 MVAR

1- 100 MW

= 10 * 10 / 100 = 1
= 10 * 10 / 80 = 0.8
2- 100 MW 10 MVAR
10 * 10 / 100 = 1
10 * 10 / 10 = 0.1
3- 100 MW -10 MVAR
10 * 10 / 100 = 1
10 * 10 / -10 = -0.1

X R )K   - -  2B : 0/  U F )4 S> DE


A4/ W) Q "6) + 2 L? F8 X  8;  7<)) /  =Q  @ 7
SQ 5C "  6) + 2 F ">" ;6 7

Reactive power    < 4 . 


"4E O " -) 0:7 0)a/ 0/ W) >VQ ,B ) a  0/ ") V-
")/Z O )"
S = 10000MVA
Engine hydraulic turbine
Static excitation
Synchronize machine 200 MVA
V=13.5KV
Setup transformer 13.5KV-500KV
/ p>Q W) 4s  0.09Pu 2  T F8 0/ 12s  - 20s  0:7 D)<E/ 0/
D <) " / P "6 2 2B Q "6) + 2 /   8;  7
5) O l6
6/ Loss of excitation L  28 " Under excited L  I / "  @ 7
2B =3 0/  a2- & W)   8;  7  )"

 DE > )4 S/   7  2 0.09Pu 0/ F8 13.5KV  7 14.7KV

 DE > )4 S Km/ 2  8 )< P "6 8;  7

 DE > )4 S/  2 )+ 0.09Pu  Q "6 0.35Pu /  2 )+ "6
18 MVAR 70 MVAR F8 64/ X 8;  7

 DE > )4 S,Q  8"   4: D F8 8;  7

 DE > )4 S<) 8 2 )+ - -  Q "6 


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