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    LBA Proposal- Experiment 4Chemical Equilibrium Salvador Marrod M. Cruz Institute of Chemistry, College of ScienceUniversity of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines Date performed: January 9, 2013Instructor: Sir Julius Victorius Saluria Introduction In chemical equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the reversereaction. When chemical equilibrium is attained at a specific temperature, a constant ratioexpression is obtained and is called the equilibrium constant (K eq ). The value for K eq is obtained by getting the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of the products raised to their respectivestoichiometric coefficients and that of the reactants raised to their respective stoichiometriccoefficients (eqn.1).Although for K eq what is being used for the ratios are the activities but sincethe standard reference state for an aqueous solution and for gases are 1M and 1atm or 1bar respectively and since it is assumed that the solution is ideal; therefore, the concentration or partial pressure (if gaseous) of products and reactants can be used for solving the value for K eq .For reactions involving solids and liquids, the activity used is 1. The value for K eq determineswhere the equilibrium point lies. If K eq is between 10 -2 and 10 2 ; therefore, the equilibrium lies between the reactants and products indicating that both products and reactants are present atequilibrium. If K eq is greater than 10 2 ; therefore, the forward reaction is favoured and more products are formed at equilibrium. And if K eq is less than 10 -2 ; therefore, the reverse reaction isfavoured and more reactants are present at equilibrium. Experiment 4Chemical Equilibrium Salvador Marrod M. Cruz Institute of Chemistry, College of ScienceUniversity of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines Date performed: January 9, 2013Instructor: Sir Julius Victorius Saluria Introduction In chemical equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the reversereaction. When chemical equilibrium is attained at a specific temperature, a constant ratioexpression is obtained and is called the equilibrium constant (K eq ). The value for K eq is obtained by getting the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of the products raised to their respectivestoichiometric coefficients and that of the reactants raised to their respective stoichiometriccoefficients (eqn.1).Although for K eq what is being used for the ratios are the activities but sincethe standard reference state for an aqueous solution and for gases are 1M and 1atm or 1bar respectively and since it is assumed that the solution is ideal; therefore, the concentration or partial pressure (if gaseous) of products and reactants can be used for solving the value for K eq .For reactions involving solids and liquids, the activity used is 1. The value for K eq determineswhere the equilibrium point lies. If K eq is between 10 -2 and 10 2 ; therefore, the equilibrium lies between the reactants and products indicating that both products and reactants are present atequilibrium. If K eq is greater than 10 2 ; therefore, the forward reaction is favoured and more products are formed at equilibrium. And if K eq is less than 10 -2 ; therefore, the reverse reaction isfavoured and more reactants are present at equilibrium. Eqn.1 :        for the hypothetical reaction         K eq is also related to the spontaneity of a reaction. When a reaction is at equilibrium, its  G = 0and since  G =  G o + RTlnK eq ; therefore,  G o = -RTlnK eq . According to the equation, assumingthe reaction is at standard condition, if K eq is greater than one, then the forward reaction isspontaneous and if K eq is less than one but strictly greater than 0, then the reverse reaction isspontaneous. And if K eq is equal

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    LBA Proposal- Experiment 4Chemical Equilibrium Salvador Marrod M. Cruz Institute of Chemistry, College of ScienceUniversity of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines Date performed: January 9, 2013Instructor: Sir Julius Victorius Saluria Introduction In chemical equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the reversereaction. When chemical equilibrium is attained at a specific temperature, a constant ratioexpression is obtained and is called the equilibrium constant (K eq ). The value for K eq is obtained by getting the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of the products raised to their respectivestoichiometric coefficients and that of the reactants raised to their respective stoichiometriccoefficients (eqn.1).Although for K eq what is being used for the ratios are the activities but sincethe standard reference state for an aqueous solution and for gases are 1M and 1atm or 1bar respectively and since it is assumed that the solution is ideal; therefore, the concentration or partial pressure (if gaseous) of products and reactants can be used for solving the value for K eq .For reactions involving solids and liquids, the activity used is 1. The value for K eq determineswhere the equilibrium point lies. If K eq is between 10 -2 and 10 2 ; therefore, the equilibrium lies between the reactants and products indicating that both products and reactants are present atequilibrium. If K eq is greater than 10 2 ; therefore, the forward reaction is favoured and more products are formed at equilibrium. And if K eq is less than 10 -2 ; therefore, the reverse reaction isfavoured and more reactants are present at equilibrium. Experiment 4Chemical Equilibrium Salvador Marrod M. Cruz Institute of Chemistry, College of ScienceUniversity of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines Date performed: January 9, 2013Instructor: Sir Julius Victorius Saluria Introduction In chemical equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the reversereaction. When chemical equilibrium is attained at a specific temperature, a constant ratioexpression is obtained and is called the equilibrium constant (K eq ). The value for K eq is obtained by getting the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of the products raised to their respectivestoichiometric coefficients and that of the reactants raised to their respective stoichiometriccoefficients (eqn.1).Although for K eq what is being used for the ratios are the activities but sincethe standard reference state for an aqueous solution and for gases are 1M and 1atm or 1bar respectively and since it is assumed that the solution is ideal; therefore, the concentration or partial pressure (if gaseous) of products and reactants can be used for solving the value for K eq .For reactions involving solids and liquids, the activity used is 1. The value for K eq determineswhere the equilibrium point lies. If K eq is between 10 -2 and 10 2 ; therefore, the equilibrium lies between the reactants and products indicating that both products and reactants are present atequilibrium. If K eq is greater than 10 2 ; therefore, the forward reaction is favoured and more products are formed at equilibrium. And if K eq is less than 10 -2 ; therefore, the reverse reaction isfavoured and more reactants are present at equilibrium. Eqn.1 :        for the hypothetical reaction         K eq is also related to the spontaneity of a reaction. When a reaction is at equilibrium, its  G = 0and since  G =  G o + RTlnK eq ; therefore,  G o = -RTlnK eq . According to the equation, assumingthe reaction is at standard condition, if K eq is greater than one, then the forward reaction isspontaneous and if K eq is less than one but strictly greater than 0, then the reverse reaction isspontaneous. And if K eq is equal

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    Wealtha International Corporation Lba Proposal-Sir Relin

    Uploaded by

    leejaemin08
    LBA Proposal- Experiment 4Chemical Equilibrium Salvador Marrod M. Cruz Institute of Chemistry, College of ScienceUniversity of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines Date performed: January 9, 2013Instructor: Sir Julius Victorius Saluria Introduction In chemical equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the reversereaction. When chemical equilibrium is attained at a specific temperature, a constant ratioexpression is obtained and is called the equilibrium constant (K eq ). The value for K eq is obtained by getting the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of the products raised to their respectivestoichiometric coefficients and that of the reactants raised to their respective stoichiometriccoefficients (eqn.1).Although for K eq what is being used for the ratios are the activities but sincethe standard reference state for an aqueous solution and for gases are 1M and 1atm or 1bar respectively and since it is assumed that the solution is ideal; therefore, the concentration or partial pressure (if gaseous) of products and reactants can be used for solving the value for K eq .For reactions involving solids and liquids, the activity used is 1. The value for K eq determineswhere the equilibrium point lies. If K eq is between 10 -2 and 10 2 ; therefore, the equilibrium lies between the reactants and products indicating that both products and reactants are present atequilibrium. If K eq is greater than 10 2 ; therefore, the forward reaction is favoured and more products are formed at equilibrium. And if K eq is less than 10 -2 ; therefore, the reverse reaction isfavoured and more reactants are present at equilibrium. Experiment 4Chemical Equilibrium Salvador Marrod M. Cruz Institute of Chemistry, College of ScienceUniversity of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines Date performed: January 9, 2013Instructor: Sir Julius Victorius Saluria Introduction In chemical equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the reversereaction. When chemical equilibrium is attained at a specific temperature, a constant ratioexpression is obtained and is called the equilibrium constant (K eq ). The value for K eq is obtained by getting the ratio of the equilibrium concentration of the products raised to their respectivestoichiometric coefficients and that of the reactants raised to their respective stoichiometriccoefficients (eqn.1).Although for K eq what is being used for the ratios are the activities but sincethe standard reference state for an aqueous solution and for gases are 1M and 1atm or 1bar respectively and since it is assumed that the solution is ideal; therefore, the concentration or partial pressure (if gaseous) of products and reactants can be used for solving the value for K eq .For reactions involving solids and liquids, the activity used is 1. The value for K eq determineswhere the equilibrium point lies. If K eq is between 10 -2 and 10 2 ; therefore, the equilibrium lies between the reactants and products indicating that both products and reactants are present atequilibrium. If K eq is greater than 10 2 ; therefore, the forward reaction is favoured and more products are formed at equilibrium. And if K eq is less than 10 -2 ; therefore, the reverse reaction isfavoured and more reactants are present at equilibrium. Eqn.1 :        for the hypothetical reaction         K eq is also related to the spontaneity of a reaction. When a reaction is at equilibrium, its  G = 0and since  G =  G o + RTlnK eq ; therefore,  G o = -RTlnK eq . According to the equation, assumingthe reaction is at standard condition, if K eq is greater than one, then the forward reaction isspontaneous and if K eq is less than one but strictly greater than 0, then the reverse reaction isspontaneous. And if K eq is equal

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    WEALTHA INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION

    January 14, 2013

    Hon. Councilor Jesus Manuel Suntay,


    District IV Quezon City Dear Sir, GREETINGS from Wealtha International Corporation. Our company, WEALTHA INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, based in OrtigasCenter ,Pasig City, Metro Manila, is a Filipino-Japanese owned company which is the pioneering company to release nature's super antioxidant of nutritional power with an unparalleled opportunity that can allow you to capitalize on the surging health and wellness industry. We aim to introduce the first and unique red rice bran oil extract (Brandname: RAISU) which contains over 2000 natural antioxidants including 120 known high antioxidants, cofactors and catalysts--including Vitamin E, C, Glutathione, Tocotrienols, Tocopherols, Phytosterols, CoQ10, Alpha Lipoic Acid, IP6, Gamma Oryzanol and Omega 3, 6 & 9 which are beneficial to human health. In this regard, the undersigned would like to conduct a Live Blood Analysis seminar and demonstration in your premises to determine the nutritional imbalance that causes some simple and/or dreaded illnesses to you and to your employees/community members. This program we are sharing to you will help improve your health conditions as well as prevent illness in the future. Fatigue is very common to hardworking and diligent employees. Through our program and our pioneer product, RAISU, I believe we can give relief to such condition. Our clients who are using RAISU have positive feedbacks regarding our product which they said has brought them several benefits including increased stamina, thus rendering them alive for the duration of their work. Your consideration to this matter will be very much appreciated and we are looking forward to seeing you in the seminar. Thank you so much. Very truly yours, Neram P. Lamatao (Name of distributor) Independent Product Endorser

    Unit 209 AIC Burgundy Empire Tower, ADB Ave. cor. Garnet Rd., Ortigas Center Pasig City, Metro Manila, Philippines Mobile: 09335578242 www.wealtha.com

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