LCH S GIO DC V GIO DC I HC

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LCH S PHT TRIN GIO DC I HC VIT NAM: NHNG MC CN NH

Lch s dn tc Vit Nam tn ti 4.000 nm vi truyn thuyt Vua Hng dng nc v gio dc cng c khi ngun gn vi cc di sn vn ha, nim t ho dn tc su sc: Vn xng vn hin lu (Nguyn Tri Bnh Ng i co). Mc d gio dc thi tin s ca nc ta cha c khoa hc kho c chng minh nhiu nhng tnh t thn bn a c minh chng qua di sn cc nn vn ha ng Sn. Thi Bc thuc (t th k th 2 TCN n nm 905), b my thng tr ca phong kin phng Bc c m mt s trng nc ta nhng ch yu l cho ngi Hn sang nh c, cha t chc thi c chn nhn ti vo b my thng tr m ch theo ch s tc. T i ng (th k th 7 n th 10) mi t ch thi c thay cho ch s tc v t ra hc v tin s. T thi nh L (u th k 11) Nh nc mi bt u chm lo cho gio dc i hc. Lch s pht trin gio dc i hc Vit Nam c nhng mc quan trng cn nh sau. Gio dc i hc theo kiu Nho gio: c 3 mc cn nh 1076: Quc T Gim ra i, t du mc quan trng trong lch s pht trin gio dc i hc nc ta. C th coi Quc T Gim l trng i hc u tin nc ta theo m hnh i hc phng ng. Tuy nhin h thng nh trng thi im ny cha c phn chia theo th bc, khng coi trng trng quy, khng c cc chng trnh hc khc nhau. 1917: thi k Php thuc - Ban hnh b lut u tin v Gio dc, t nm ny khng cn cc trng hc ch Hn.

- Hon ton bi b cc khoa thi hng, thi hi. - H thng Gio dc Vit Nam c phng theo h thng Gio dc Php 1919: k thi nh cui cng theo kiu Nho gio c t chc, nh du s kt thc ca giai on gio dc i hc theo kiu Nho gio Gio dc i hc theo kiu phng Ty v gio dc i hc hin i 1902-1906: - Thnh lp cc trng i hc, Cao ng H Ni nh trng Y Dc, Th y, S phm, Nng lm... Tuy nhin cc trng c Php gi l i hc, Cao ng ny thc cht phn ln l cc trng trung hc chuyn nghip. - Thnh lp Vin i hc ng Dng (1906). Vin i hc ny va c chc nng o to va c chc nng nghin cu. 1934 1941: - Chin tranh th gii th 2 bng n, nm 1940 Php bi trn Php v u hng Nht ng Dng, thc dn Php vn cai tr ng Dng di quyn kim sot ca pht xt Nht. Chnh sch gio dc ca Php ng Dng giai on ny c nhng sa i nhm tranh ginh nh hng vi Nht. T y, thc s hnh thnh cc trng i hc, cao ng, v d nh Trng H Y Dc hn hp (1941), trng H Lut Khoa (1941), trng C Nng lm (1938), C Th y (1941), C Cng chnh (1944). - c bit, m trng C Khoa hc (1941). - Tt c cc trng H v C trn tp hp li thnh i Hc ng Dng. y l ni o to ra nhiu nhn ti cho t nc nh Tn Tht Tng, V nh He, Lu Hu Phc... Nh vy, n giai on ny cc trng H v C ng Dng tp trung ti H Ni v mt th ch c tnh cht mt nn GDH hin i.

1945-1979: - 1945: B Quc gia GD c thnh lp v c cu u tin ca h thng GD c quy nh, bao gm 3 cp hc: nht cp, nh cp v tam cp. Hu ht cc trng H, C trc c khi phc hot ng. - 1954 1975: y l giai on rt quan trng trong vic hnh thnh nn GD Vit Nam hin i vi h thng trng lp, c cu ngnh hc tng i hon chnh, quy m rng ln. Theo hip nh Gi-ne-v nm 1954, Vit Nam tm thi chia thnh hai vng tp kt pha bc v pha nam v tuyn 17. Trong giai on ny t chc gio dc hai min - Min Nam v Min Bc mang nhng c im khc nhau. o Min Bc: theo kiu gio dc Lin X. Nm 1955, trng i hc Nhn Dn c thnh lp, y c xem l trng i hc u tin ca nc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha. Theo thng k, vo nm 1975 Min Bc c 41 trng H, 8.656 Gio vin, 55.700 sinh vin H cc loi. o Min Nam: theo kiu gio dc M v lc ny M tng bc thay th Php trong vic iu khin h thng gio dc Min Nam. Theo thng k, vo nm 1975 vng tm chim Min Nam c 7 Vin H cng, 11 Vin H t, tng s sinh vin gn 170 nghn. 1987-1988: i mi GD trn c s ng li i mi kinh t x hi (i hi ng Cng sn Vit Nam ln th 6, 12/1986). Cc ch trng i mi GDH th hin tp trung trong 4 tin i mi c thng qua Hi ngh Hiu trng v B th ng y cc trng H ti Nha Trang (1987). Theo 4 tin , cc trng H thc hin hng lot i mi nh tng ch tiu o to ngoi ch tiu Nh nc yu cu, cho ra i nhiu loi hnh o tao mi, tng cng cc hot ng nghin cu khoa hc...

1993: ra ngh nh 90CP (28/11/1993) v i mi c bn c cu h thng GD quc dn. Khi nim v thc s, tin s cng ra i trong giai on ny. 2005: Ci cch gio dc i hc ln th 3. Chnh ph ra Ngh quyt 14/2005/NQCP v i mi c bn v ton din gio dc i hc Vit Nam giai on 2006 2020. Chnh ph ra 7 nhm nhim v vi nhng gii php nhm i mi mnh m gio dc i hc 2012: Ci cch gio dc i hc ln th 4. Quc hi nc Cng ha X hi ch ngha Vit Nam kha XIII, k hp th 3 thng qua Lut gio dc i hc s 08/2012/QH13 (18/06/2012). Lut quy nh v t chc, nhim v, quyn hn ca c s gio dc i hc, hot ng o to, hot ng khoa hc v cng ngh, hot ng hp tc quc t, bo m cht lng v kim nh cht lng gio dc i hc, ging vin, ngi hc, ti chnh, ti sn ca c s gio dc i hc v qun l nh nc v gio dc i hc. T tng xuyn sut ca Lut l trao quyn t ch mc ti a ph hp vi nng lc thc hin quyn t ch ca cc c s gio dc i hc.