Iisc Drdo Ac Talk3

WCDMA Physical Layer Design
A. Chockalingam
Assistant Professor Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
achockal@ece.iisc.ernet.in
http://ece.iisc.ernet.in/~achockal
Outline
WCDMA WCDMA
Network Architecture Physical Layer
Physical / Transport / Logical Channels
Uplink
Spreading - Channelisation / Scrambling Transport Formats and Configuration Multiplexing and Channel Coding
Downlink
Spreading / Scrambling / Channelisation Multiplexing and Channel Coding
Dr. A. Chockalingam Dept of ECE, IISc, Bangalore 2
2G to 3G Evolution
EDGE
GSM
D A T A
GPRS WCDMA IMT2000
IS-95A
I S 9 9
IS-95B
cdma2000
IMT2000: ITUs Standardization Effort towards 3G

(IMT-2000 previously termed as FPLMTS) UMTS: European Effort (Specified by 3G Partnership Project 3GPP)
UMTS NW Model
Non-access Stratum
(Protocols between UE and Core NW)
Access Stratum
(Protocols between UE and Access NW)
Home Network
Zu Serving Network Iu PS/CS Yu
USIM Cu
Mobile Equipment
Access Network Uu
Transit Network
User Equipment
Access Network
Core Network
Infrastructure Stratum: Refers to a way of grouping protocols handling activities

UMTS NW Architecture
Uu
UTRAN
Node B UE Node B
Iu
CN CN (CS Domain) 3G MSC / VLR 3G GMSC RNS
Iub
RNC
Registers
UE Node B
Iur
RNS
HLR/AuC/EIR
(Home Network)
CN (PS Domain) RNC SGSN GGSN
Node B UE
Dr. A. Chockalingam
Dept of ECE, IISc, Bangalore
WCDMA System Features

UTRA FDD mode and TDD mode UTRA FDD features

Multiple Access: Channel Spacing: Chip Rate: Frame Length: CDMA 5 MHz 3.84 Mcps 10 msec
Time Slots:
Spreading Factor: Multi-rate:
Dr. A. Chockalingam
15 slots per 10 msec frame

4 to 512 Through Multi-code or Orthogonal Variable Spreading
Dept of ECE, IISc, Bangalore 6
UTRA FDD Features

FEC Codes: Rate 1/2, 1/3 convolutional code with constraint length K = 9 Rate 1/3, 8-state Turbo coding Interleaving: Intra- or Inter-frame interleaving (10, 20 40, 80 msec) Modulation: QPSK Detection: Coherent based on pilot symbols Micro diversity: RAKE in BS and UE Power Control: Fast closed-loop at 1500 Hz rate Intra-frequency HO: Soft / Softer Handover Inter-frequency HO: Hard Handover Interference Cancellation: Support for multiuser detection
Dr. A. Chockalingam
Radio Interface Protocol Model

CONTROL PLANE RRC
Signalling Radio Bearers
USER PLANE
U-Plane Radio Bearers (Radio Network Layer)
L3
User Plane Radio Bearers
Control
PDCP RLC
Logical Channels
BMC
L2
(Radio Link Layer)
MAC
Transport Channels
PHY
Dr. A. Chockalingam Dept of ECE, IISc, Bangalore
L1
(Radio Physical Layer)
8
WCDMA Radio Channels
Physical Channels
Transmission media. Two types of physical channels defined in L1; FDD and TDD. FDD is characterized by frequency, code, I/Q phase Follow a layered structure of radio frames and time slots
Transport Channels Logical Channels
describes the way information is transferred over the radio interface the type of information transferred characterizes a logical channel
UE BS
Logical Channels
RNC
Transport Channels
Physical Channels
Physical Channels
Corresponds
to a specific carrier frequency, code, relative phase in I and Q branches Dedicated and Common Physical Channels Layered structure of radio frames and time slots A radio frame = 10 msec = 15 slots/frame 1 frame = 38400 chips, 1 slot = 2560 chips Slot configuration varies depending on the channel bit rate of the physical channel
# bits/slot different for different physical channels may vary with time (on a frame by frame basis)
U/L Physical Channels

Dedicated
U/L Channels
DPDCH DPCCH
Common
U/L Channels
PRACH
Preamble part Message part
PCPCH
Preamble part Message part
Dedicated U/L Physical Channels

Two
types
Dedicated Physical Data CHannel (DPDCH) Dedicated Physical Control CHannel (DPCCH) Both are I/Q code multiplexed within each radio frame
U/L
DPDCH carries the DCH transport channel U/L DPCCH carries L1 control bits such as
Pilot bits (to enable channel estimation for coherent detection at BS) Transmit power control (TPC) commands Feedback Information (FBI)
used for CL transmit diversity and Site Selection Diversity Transmission (SDTC)
Transport Format Combination Indicator (TFCI)

for several simultaneous services. Informs the rx of the transport format combination of the transport channels mapped to DPDCH
U/L Frame Structure
There is only one U/L DPCCH on each radio link There can be 0, 1, or several DPDCHs on each radio link 10 msec frames divided into 15 slots
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 msec S0 S1 S2 S3 S13 S14
DPDCH (on I-Chl) DPCCH (on Q-Chl)

Dr. A. Chockalingam
1 time slot = 2/3 msec
DATA
Pilot
(Ndata bits) TFCI FBI TPC

13
10 bits = 2560 chips => SF = 256

I, Q Spreading for DPDCH, DPCCH

DPDCH-1 Cd,1 Bd Cc, Cd,n: Channelization codes Sdpch,n: Scrambling code Bd, Bc: Gain factors I
DPDCH-3
Cd,3 DPDCH-2 Cd,2 DPCCH-2 Cc
Dr. A. Chockalingam
Bd
I+jQ
Sdpch,n
Bd
Q
j Up to 6 DPDCHs in parallel
14
Bc
WCDMA Transmission Rates (U/L)
System Chip Rate : 3.84 Mcps

Symbol Rates on Uplink
Chl Symb Rate Chl Bit Rate SF Bits/frame Ndata
15 Ks/s
30 Ks/s 60 Ks/s 120 Ks/s 240 Ks/s 480 Ks/s 960 Ks/s
Dr. A. Chockalingam
15 Kb/s
30 Kb/s 60 Kb/s 120 Kb/s 240 Kb/s 480 Kb/s 960 Kb/s
256
128 64 32 16 8 4
150
300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600
10
20 40 80 160 320 640
15
WCDMA Channelisation Codes
Orthogonal codes
Used for channel separation both in U/L and D/L directions

Can have different spreading factor values (thus support different symbol rates) Cch,SF,k : SF - Spreading Factor, k is the code number 0<=k<= SF-1
Spreading factor value indicates how many bits of those codes are used in a connection
Dr. A. Chockalingam
U/L Channelization Codes

Orthogonal
Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) channelization codes Separates data / control channels from same UE Preserves orthogonality between these channels
SF=2 SF=1 (1,1) C(SF,k) (1) (1,1,-1,-1) SF=4 (1,1,1,1)
(1,-1)
SF: Spreading Factor k: code number 0<k<=SF-1
Dr. A. Chockalingam
(1,-1,1,-1) (1,-1,-1,1)
17
U/L Scrambling Codes

Use
complex valued scrambling code scrambling sequences (2^24) scrambling sequences (2^24)
Long
Gold sequences (linear combination of two m-sequences)

Short
from a family sequence of periodically extended S(2) codes

Long Only
or short sequences for DPCCH / DPDCH
long sequences for message parts of PRACH and PCPCH

Dr. A. Chockalingam
WCDMA Code Types
Scrambling Codes, Channelisation Codes

Uplink Downlink
Scrambling codes
Channelisation codes
User separation
Data and Control channels from the same terminal
Cell separation
Users within a cell
Spreading code = Scrambling code x Channelisation code

Common U/L Physical Channels
Two Types
Physical Random Access CHannel (PRACH) Physical Common Packet CHannel (PCPCH)
Physical Random Access CHannel (PRACH)

carries RACH Uses S-ALOHA technique with fast Acquisition Indication Access slots (15 access slots per 2 frames) RA transmission consists of
several 4096 chip preambles (uses 256 repetitions of 16 chips signature sequence) and 1or 2 frame message Preamble 4096 Chips
Preamble
Message Part (1 or 2 frames)
Random Access
UE PRACH: Preamble sent (initial access) No detection on AICH PRACH: Preamble sent (initial access) AICH: Preamble sent detected PRACH: Random Access Info sent
BS
Dr. A. Chockalingam
21
Common U/L Physical Channels
Physical Common Packet CHannel (PCPCH)

Carries CPCH CPCH is based on DSMA-CD technique with fast Acquisition Indication Access slot timing and structure are identical to those defined for RACH Transmission consists of
Access preamble(s) - one or several each 4096 chips Collision Detection preamble DPCCH Power Control Preamble (0 or 8 slots) Message of variable length (Nx10 msec)
PCPCH good for carrying small sized bursty data

Dr. A. Chockalingam
Transport Formats / Configurations
Transport Block (TB)

Basic unit of data exchanged between L1 & MAC for L1 processing
Transport Block Size: Number of bits in a TB. Transport Block Set (TBS)
A set of TBs exchanged between L1 and MAC at the same time instant using the same transport channel
Transport Block Set Size: Number of bits in a TBS Transmission Time Interval (TTI)
Periodicity at which a TBS is transferred by the physical layer on to the radio interface - {10, 20, 40, 80 ms} MAC delivers one TBS to the physical layer every TTI
Dr. A. Chockalingam
23
Transport Format (TF)

Format offered by L1 to MAC (and vice versa) for the delivery of a TBS during a TTI on a given transport channel (TrCH) Dynamic part (TB size, TBS size) Semi-static part (TTI, type/rate of coding,size of CRC) TB size, TBS size, TTI define the TrCH bit rate before L1 processing
e.g., TB size = 336 bits (320 bit payload + 16 bits RLC header) TBS size = 2 TBs per TTI, TTI = 10 ms DCH Bit rate (with RLC header) = 336*2/10 = 67.2 Kbps User Bit rate (without RLC header) = 320*2/10 = 64 Kbps
Variable bit rate can be achieved by changing (between TTIs) either the TBS size only, or both the TB size and TBS Size
Transport Format Set (TFS)

a set of TFs associated with a TrCH semi-static part of all TFs in a TFS is the same
Transport Format Combination (TFC)

Multiple TrCHs each having a TF Authorized combination of the currently valid TFs that can be submitted to L1 on a CCTrCH, containing one TF from each TrCH
Transport Format Combination Set (TFCS)

A set of TFCs on a CCTrCH. Produced by RNC TFCS is given to MAC by L3 for control MAC chooses between the different TFCs specified in the TFCS MAC has control over only the dynamic part of the TFs. Semi-static part relates to QoS (e.g., quality) and is controlled by RNC admission control Bit rate can be changed quickly by MAC with no need to L3 signaling
Transport Format Indicator (TFI)

A label for a specific TF within a TFS. Used between MAC and L1
Transport Format Combination Indicator (TFCI)

Used to inform the receiving side of the currently valid TFC

Transport Format Combination (TFC) DCH1
TB
TTI
TB TTI
Transport Block Set (TBS)
TB
TTI
TB
TB DCH2 TB TB TTI Transport Format Combination Set (TFCS)
26
TB
TTI
TB TTI
Transport Format Set (TFS)

Dr. A. Chockalingam
Transport Format (TF)

TFI and TFCI (Transmitter)

E.g: Two transport channels mapped to a single physical channel Transport Chl 1 Transport Block Higher Layer TFI Transport Block Transport Chl 2 Transport Block TFI Transport Block
This dotted line represents the Iur interface in case of NW side
Physical Layer
TFCI
Physical Control Chl
Coding and Multiplexing

Physical Data Chl
DPCCH (Q-Chl)
Dr. A. Chockalingam
DPDCH (I-Chl)
27
TFI and TFCI (Receiver)

Transport Chl 1 Transport Block & EI Higher Layer TFI Transport Block & EI TFI Transport Chl 2 Transport Block & EI Transport Block & EI EI: Error Indication
Physical Layer
TFCI Decode
Physical Control Chl
Decoding and Demultiplexing

Physical Data Chl
DPCCH (Q-Chl)
Dr. A. Chockalingam
DPDCH (I-Chl)
28
TFI and TFCI
Each transport channel is accompanied by a TFI at each time event at which data is expected to arrive from HL
Physical layer combines the TFI info from different transport channels to the TFCI
TFCI is sent on the DPCCH to inform the receiver about the instantaneous transport format combination of the transport channels mapped to the U/L DPDCH transmitted simultaneously
Dr. A. Chockalingam
29
Transport Format (e.g., Speech)
Conversational Speech (12 Kbps)

12.2 Kbps max. TTI: 20 msec Transport Formats (TF) available: TF TF0v RAB1 0 x 81 RAB2 0 x 103 RAB3 0 x 60 (e.g., silence)
TF1v 1 x 81 1 x 103 two other formats too (see Stds. Doc.)

(TF1, TF1, TF1)
Dr. A. Chockalingam
1 x 60 (e.g, active voice)
TFC: (TF0, TF0, TF0) e.g., during silence e.g., during active voice periods
30
Transport Format (e.g., Data)
Interactive/Background Data (64 Kbps)

64 Kbps max. TTI: 20 msec Transport Block (TB) size = 336 bits Transport Formats (TF) available:
TF0 - 0 x 336 TF1 - 1 x 336 TF2 - 2 x 336 TF3 - 3 x 336 TF4 - 4 x 336
Dr. A. Chockalingam
31
Transport Format (Speech + Data)
Conversational speech (12 Kbps) + Interactive/Background Data (64 Kbps)

Voice TrCH
TFC1: (TF0v, TF0v, TF0v)
Data TrCH
TF0d
TFC2: TFC3:
TFC4: TFC5: TFC6: TFC7: TFC8: TFC9: TFC10:
Dr. A. Chockalingam
(TF0v, TF0v, TF0v) (TF0v, TF0v, TF0v)

(TF0v, TF0v, TF0v) (TF0v, TF0v, TF0v) (TF1v, TF1v, TF1v) (TF1v, TF1v, TF1v) (TF1v, TF1v, TF1v) (TF1v, TF1v, TF1v) (TF1v, TF1v, TF1v)
TF1d TF2d
TF3d TF4d TF0d TF1d TF2d TF3d TF4d
32
Multiplexing & Channel Coding
Data arrives at the coding/mux unit in transport block sets, once every transmission time interval (TTI) TTI depends on the transport channel; {10, 20, 40, 80 ms}) Main steps
Add CRC to each block transport block concatenation and block segmentation channel coding first interleaving (per TTI) radio frame segmentation (when TTI > 10 ms) rate matching (repetition or puncturing) multiplexing of transport channels (CCTrCH) insertion of DTX indication bits physical channel segmentation second interleaving (per radio frame, ie., among bits in 1 radio frame) mapping to physical channel
Dr. A. Chockalingam
Multiplexing & Channel Coding (U/L)

CRC Attachment
TrCH-1
CRC Attachment
TrBk Concatenation/ Code Block Segmentation
TrCH-2
Channel Coding Radio Frame Equalization
Channel Coding Radio Frame Equalization
1st Interleaving
Radio Frame Segmentation Rate Matching
1st Interleaving
Radio Frame Segmentation Rate Matching
TrCH Multiplexing
CCTrCH
Physical Channel Segmentation
2nd interleaving Physical Channel Mapping

PhCH#1
PhCH#2
Multiplexing & Channel Coding (..cntd)

Applicable
to DCH, RACH, CPCH, DSCH, BCH, FACH, PCH

add CRC to each transport block for error detection CRC calculated on entire transport block Size of CRC: 24, 16, 12, 8, 0 bits what CRC size is used for each TrCH is signaled from higher layers
CRC
Dr. A. Chockalingam
35

TrBk
Concatenation & Code Block Segmentation
all transport blocks in a TTI are concatenated
if no. of bits in a TTI after concatenation (X) is greater than the maximum size of the code block (in the channel coding block), then code block segmentation is done max. size of the code block (Z) depends on whether
Convolutional code ( Z = 504 bits) or Turbo code ( Z = 5114 bits) is used for the TrCH
Code blocks after segmentation are of the same size Filler bits (zeros) added to 1st coded block to
to make integer number of code blocks, or if X < 40 bits when Turbo code is used

Channel
Coding
Coding Scheme
Convolutional Coding (constraint length = 9) Turbo Coding
Type of TrCH
BCH PCH RACH DPCH, DCH, DSCH, FACH
Coding Rate
1/2
1/3, 1/2 1/3
If number of coded blocks is greater than 1, they are serially concatenated

Radio Frame Equalization

padding the input bit sequence in order to ensure that the output can be segmented into data segments of equal size I.e., number of bits per segment is same after radio frame equalization performed only on the U/L
1st
Interleaving
block interleaver among bits in a TTI

Radio Frame Segmentation

when TTI > 10 msec, input bit sequence is segmented and mapped on to Fi consecutive radio frames
Rate
Matching
means that bits on a transport channel are repeated or punctured to ensure that the total bit rate after TrCH multiplexing is identical to the total channel bit rate of the allocated dedicated physical channels higher layers assign a rate-matching (semi-static) attribute for each transport channel this attribute is used to calculate the number of bits to repeat or puncture, spreading factor, number of PhCHs needed, rate matching pattern

TrCH
Multiplexing
every 10 msec, one radio frame from each TrCH is delivered to the TrCH multiplexing these radio frames are serially concatenated into a coded composite transport channel (CCTrCH)
Physical
Channel Segmentation
when more than once PhCH is used, the physical channel segmentation divides the bits among different PhCHs
2nd
Interleaving
among bits within a radio frame

Dr. A. Chockalingam
Insertion of Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) Indication Bits

only on the D/L used to fill up the radio frame with bits insertion point depends on whether fixed positions (1st Insertion) or flexible positions (2nd Insertion) of the TrCHs in the radio frame are used During connection setup, NW decides if fixed or flexible position is used for each CCTrCH DTX Indication bits are not transmitted; they only tell when the Tx must be turned off

Transport
Format Detection
TFCI Based Detection Explicit Blind Detection

using receive power ratio
by use of channel decoding and CRC check
Guided Detection
Explicit blind detection used on Guiding TrCH
Guiding TrCH has the same TTI as the TrCH under consideration

Blind
Transport Format Detection
Using Received Power Ratio (for the case of 2 TFs)

Ratio of the power received on DPDCH (Pd) and DPCCH (Pc) Full Rate TF: if ratio Pd/Pc > threshold Zero rate TF: if ratio Pd/Pc < threshold
Using CRC (for the case of multiple TFs)

Receiver knows only the possible TFs or end bit (thru L3 signaling) Receiver performs FEC (Viterbi) decoding
path metric selection among the surviving paths in the decoding
Dr. A. Chockalingam
43
D/L Physical Channels

Dedicated
D/L Channels
DPDCH DPCCH
Common
D/L Channels
Common PIlot CHannel (CPICH)

Primary CPICH Secondary CPICH
Common Control Physical CHannel (CCPCH)

Primary CCPCH, Secondary CCPCH
Synchronization CHannel (SCH)

Primary SCH, Secondary SCH
Dedicated D/L Physical Channels

Dedicated
Physical CHannel (D/L DPCH)
transmits dedicated data generated at L2 and above time-multiplexes with L1 control bits (Pilot, TPC, TFCI)
D/L
DPCH
Time-multiplex of a D/L DPDCH and a D/L DPCCH
Dr. A. Chockalingam
45
DL Frame Structure
10 msec frames divided into 15 slots

1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 msec
S0 S1 S2 S3 S13 S14
1 time slot = 2/3 msec DATA 1 DPDCH
TPC TFCI DPCCH
DATA 2 DPDCH
Pilot DPCCH
No. of bits in different DPDCH field (Npilot, Ntpc, Ntfci, Ndata1, Ndata2) are given in tables Which slot format to use is configured (and reconfigured) by higher layers
Dr. A. Chockalingam
D/L Transmission
Multicode
Transmission on D/L
Multicode transmission can be employed on the D/L I.e., CCTrCH is mapped on to several parallel D/L DPCHs using the same spreading factor In this case, L1 control information is sent only on the first downlink DPCH
Multiple
CCTrCHs
In case there are several CCTrCHs mapped to different DPCHs transmitted to the same UE, different spreading factors can be used on DPCHs multiple CCTrCHs feature for future release
WCDMA Transmission Rates (D/L)
System Chip Rate : 3.84 Mcps

Symbol Rates on Downlink
Symb Rate Chl bit rate SF
7.5 Ks/s
15 Ks/s 30 Ks/s 60 Ks/s 120 Ks/s 240 Ks/s 480 Ks/s
15 Kb/s
30 Kb/s 60 Kb/s 120 Kb/s 240 Kb/s 480 Kb/s 960 Kb/s
512
256 128 64 32 16 8
960 Ks/s
Dr. A. Chockalingam
1920 Kb/s
4
48
Common D/L Physical Channels

Common
Pilot CHannel (CPICH)
30 Kbps fixed rate channel (SF = 256) Primary CPICH

Always uses the same channelization code Scrambled by primary scrambling code There is one and only one P-CPICH per cell Broadcast over the entire cell Provides a phase reference for several D/L channels Uses an arbitrary channelization code of SF=256 Scrambled either by the primary or a secondary scrambling code A cell may contain 0,1, or several S-CPICH Broadcast over entire OR part of a cell A S-CPICH can be a phase reference to some D/L channels (which is communicated to the UE thru higher layer signaling)
Secondary CPICH
Dr. A. Chockalingam

Common

Control Physical CHannel (CCPCH)
Primary CCPCH (P-CCPCH)

30 Kbps fixed rate channel with SF=256 Carries BCH transport channel No TPC, TFCI, pilot bits are sent the transport channel mapped to P-CCPCH (I.e., BCH) can only have a fixed predefined TFC
Secondary CCPCH (S-CCPCH)

Carries FACH and PCH S-CCPCH can be with TFCI and without TFCI NW decides if TFCI has to be sent So UE should be (mandatory) capable of receiving with or without TFCI (i.e., blind) S-CCPCH can support multiple TFCs using TFCI Main difference between CCPCHs and Dedicated Physical Channels : a CCPCH is NOT inner loop Power Controlled
Dr. A. Chockalingam
50

Synchronization
CHannel (SCH)
Downlink signal used for cell search Consists of Primary and Secondary subchannels Primary SCH Uses Primary Sychronization Code (PSC), TX once every slot PSC is the same for every cell in the system Secondary SCH Tx in parallel with Primary SCH SSC indicates which of the code groups (64 groups) the cells DL scrambling code belongs to
D/L Spreading
I DL Physical Serial to Channel data Parallel Conv. I+jQ Sdl,n
Cd,SF,m Q
j
Channelisation code: - Differentiate users in a cell - OVSF - UTRAN assigns channelisation codes to diff. phy. chls Scrambling Code: Differentiate cells
Scrambling Codes
# possible D/L scrambling codes = 2**18 -1 = 262143

Scrambling codes divided into 512 sets
1 primary scrambling code and 15 secondary scrambling codes So, there are 512 x 16 = 8192 codes
Each cell is allocated one and only primary scrambling code

The primary CCPCH (Common Control Physical CHannel) is Tx always using this primary scrambling code Other D/L physical channels can be Tx with either the PSC or SSC from the set associated with the PSC of the cell
Dr. A. Chockalingam
53
Multiplexing & Channel Coding (D/L)

CRC Attachment
TrCH-1
CRC Attachment
TrCH-2
Channel Coding Rate Matching

1st Insertion of DTX Indication
Channel Coding Rate Matching

1st Insertion of DTX Indication
1st Interleaving Radio Frame Segmentation
1st Interleaving Radio Frame Segmentation
TrCH Multiplexing
2nd Insertion of DTX Indication
Physical Channel Segmentation
CCTrCH
2nd interleaving Physical Channel Mapping

PhCH#1
PhCH#2
Physical Channel Mapping

on U/L: PhCHs are either completely filled or not
used at all on D/L: No bits in locations with DTX indication
in compressed mode, no bits are mapped to certain slots in a PhCH. Reducing the SF by a factor of 2, 7.5 slots per frame is used in compressed mode
Dr. A. Chockalingam
55
Insertion of Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) Indication Bits

only on the D/L used to fill up the radio frame with bits insertion point depends on whether fixed positions (1st Insertion) or flexible positions (2nd Insertion) of the TrCHs in the radio frame are used During connection setup, NW decides if fixed or flexible position is used for each CCTrCH DTX Indication bits are not transmitted; they only tell when the Tx must be turned off
WCDMA Physical Channels

P-CCPCH S-CCPCH DPDCH DPCCH PDSCH PCPCH PRACH AICH P-SCH S-SCH CSICH CPICH PICH CD/CA-ICH
UE
BS
Channel Mapping on the U/L
Logical Channels
CCCH
DTCH
DCCH
Transport Channels
RACH
DCH
CPCH
Physical Channels
PRACH
DPDCH
DPCCH
PCPCH
Dr. A. Chockalingam
58
Channel Mapping on the D/L
Logical Channels
BCCH
PCCH
CTCH
CCCH
DCCH
DTCH
Transport Channels
BCH
PCH
FACH
DCH
DSCH
Physical Channels
P-CCPCH
S-CCPCH
DPDCH
DPCCH
PDSCH
Dr. A. Chockalingam
59

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WCDMA Physical Layer Design

Network Architecture Physical Layer

Physical / Transport / Logical Channels

GPRS WCDMA IMT2000

IMT2000: ITUs Standardization Effort towards 3G

Infrastructure Stratum: Refers to a way of grouping protocols handling activities

CN (PS Domain) RNC SGSN GGSN

Dept of ECE, IISc, Bangalore

WCDMA System Features

UTRA FDD mode and TDD mode UTRA FDD features

15 slots per 10 msec frame

UTRA FDD Features

Radio Interface Protocol Model

User Plane Radio Bearers

WCDMA Radio Channels

Transport Channels Logical Channels

U/L Physical Channels

Dedicated U/L Physical Channels

Transport Format Combination Indicator (TFCI)

U/L Frame Structure

DPDCH (on I-Chl) DPCCH (on Q-Chl)

1 time slot = 2/3 msec

(Ndata bits) TFCI FBI TPC

10 bits = 2560 chips => SF = 256

I, Q Spreading for DPDCH, DPCCH

WCDMA Transmission Rates (U/L)

System Chip Rate : 3.84 Mcps

Dept of ECE, IISc, Bangalore

WCDMA Channelisation Codes

Used for channel separation both in U/L and D/L directions

U/L Channelization Codes

Dept of ECE, IISc, Bangalore

U/L Scrambling Codes

Gold sequences (linear combination of two m-sequences)

from a family sequence of periodically extended S(2) codes

or short sequences for DPCCH / DPDCH

long sequences for message parts of PRACH and PCPCH

WCDMA Code Types

Scrambling Codes, Channelisation Codes

Spreading code = Scrambling code x Channelisation code

Common U/L Physical Channels

Physical Random Access CHannel (PRACH)

Message Part (1 or 2 frames)

Dept of ECE, IISc, Bangalore

Common U/L Physical Channels

Physical Common Packet CHannel (PCPCH)

PCPCH good for carrying small sized bursty data

Transport Formats / Configurations

Transport Block (TB)

Dept of ECE, IISc, Bangalore

Transport Formats / Configurations

Transport Format (TF)

Transport Format Set (TFS)

Transport Formats / Configurations

Transport Format Combination (TFC)

Transport Format Combination Set (TFCS)

Transport Format Indicator (TFI)

Transport Format Combination Indicator (TFCI)

Transport Formats / Configurations

Transport Format Set (TFS)

Transport Format (TF)

TFI and TFCI (Transmitter)

Coding and Multiplexing