Kin thc c bn v h thng lc cho h thy sinh

Trong b thu sinh, s cu trc v kt hp t nhin ca h thng sinh thi trong thin nhin c ti to li vi cc loi cy thu sinh v cc loi c cnh vng nhit i qua cc vic lm ca vi sinh vt Mt h thng lc ng tiu chun l iu khng th thiu v ti cn thit cho cc b h thu sinh, v l ni khng nhng cc loi cy thu sinh c s trng v nui dng, m cn l ni sinh sng ca cc loi c vng nhit i . Cho n l iu cn thit cho c, nhng h qu ca cc tp cht tn li, thc n d tha, v cc hp cht hu c l ngun gc ca cc cht dinh dng c gc l nitrogen v phosphate trong b h thu sinh . Khi cc hp cht/tp cht hu c tch lu cng vi cc ngun dinh dng gia tng trong nc, th vi sinh v rong ru pht trin . Khi iu ny xy ra, phm cht ca nc khi nhn s rt d bn . Trong b h thu sinh s c cc loi vi sinh vt c kh nng phn hu mt s tp cht trong nc . Cc loi vi sinh vt ny lun hin hu trong bt k mt mi trng sinh thi thu nh v ng kn, v chng hin din khp mi ni, nhng chng ta bt buc phi cn mt h thng lc sinh hc tht hu hiu c th thanh ty i cc c t v tp cht trong nc .

H Thng Lc v Lu Lng Dng Chy Ca Nc

H thng lc trong b h thu sinh c 2 nhim v ch yu : 1. Thanh lc nc qua cc vt liu lc, ni m cc vi sinh hu ch s sinh sng v pht trin . 2. Phn cn li l to nn lu lng ca dng nc , mchy va trong b thu sinh . Lm cch no qun bng 2 yu t quan trng ny mt cch hu hiu nht tu thuc vo kch thc ca b h . Yu t kch thc ca b h rt quan trng trong vic to nn khong khng thch hp to dng nn b thu sinh tuyt p m s vn tn ti theo thi gian ca nm thng .

H Thng Lc
Trong b thu sinh, s cu trc v kt hp t nhin ca h thng sinh thi trong thin nhin c ti to li vi cc loi cy thu sinh v cc loi c cnh vng nhit i qua cc vic lm ca vi sinh vt . Mi trng sinh thi nhn to ny c to dng v bo qun bng cch phi hp cc loi phn nn, h thng lc, nh sng, bm tp kh CO2, cho phn bn, v thay nc . S hot ng hu hiu ca cc loi vi sinh vt hu ch v cng quan trng cho h thng lc . V th khi mun c mt h thng lc hon ho, c kh ng thc thi c cc nhim v trao ph, th trc ht h thng lc sinh ho cn phi c b sung bi cc loi vt liu lc tt nht c kh nng nui dng s pht trin ca cc cm vi sinh hu ch . Tuy nhin, c nhng iu kin i hi khc m h thng lc nc phi tun th . i hi u tin l h thng lc khng c chn s to sng ca h thng n . Nhng loi h thng lc c thit k bn trn ca h s khng nhng c kh nng lm gim i kh nng to sng ca h thng n, m cn cn tr v gii hn i khong khng gian cn thit thit k h thng n . iu kin th #2 l gim thiu ti a s thm thu ca phn nn vo nc . H thng lc y c nn ri bng si tuyt i khng nn dng v s khng thch hp cho h thu sinh v l do va nu . iu kin th # 3 l gim thiu ti a s phn tn ca kh CO2 sau khi c bm vo b . V th cc loi h thng lc nc c kh nng to nn dng kh si t di vi my bm nc l khng thch hp cho b thu sinh . Mt h thng lc ngoi c tn gi l canister filter tho mn c ht tt c cc iu kin m ti va cp, v nn

c x dng cho cc b h thu sinh . H thng lc caniter filter c nhng khong khng va sp t cc loi vt liu lc cn thit, v hon ton l mt h thng lc ng kn, khng d g cho tp kh CO2 phn tn . Nc s c cho chy v phn phi qua hai ng dn vo v ra, v th nh snh t h thng n s khng b che, hay lm gim i cng .

Lu Lng Dng Nc Chy

Mt c tnh quan trng ca cc loi lc ngoi nh canister filter l to c dng nc o va trong b thu sinh . iu m ta cn quan tm l x dng ng vt liu lc v kh nng bm nc ca h thng lc ngoi thch hp vi kch thc ca b thu sinh . ng vi dn nc ra ca h thng lc ngoi c dng to nn lu lng ca dng nc trong b . Nu nc c dn thot vo b qu mnh, s c kh nng to nn cc vng trng trn phn nn v lm lng leo i cc loi cy thu sinh trong b . rong b thu sinh, khng nhng cc loi my bm c cng sut thch hp cho kch thc ca h c tm quan trong , m hnh th ca ng dn nc vo h cng quan trng khng km, v chnh n s gip to nn dng nc thch hp cho b cc ca h thu sinh . Th d, cc ng dn m c nhn ti x dng l loi ng c sng nhn, cha, vi c tnh l to nn dng nc chy nh . V tr ca ng dn nc vo, v phng hng ca dng nc chy trong h s thay i tu thuc vo cu trc cu b cc (layout) ca b thu sinh . Trong b thu sinh, cc loi cy thng s c gieo trng theo pha trc, gia v sau tu theo chiu cao thp ca cy thu sinh . ng dn nc vo s c ti thit k ch v cc loi cy tng thp pha trc ca b . V thp ln, chng s khng b nh hng ca dng nc l bao . Khi lm th, sc mnh ca dng nc s b gim i khi va chm vi thnh king pha trc ca h, v lan to ra pha sau l ni m cc loi cy cao s b nh hng nu dng nc c bm t h thng lc qu mnh . Trong trng hp b cc ca b c khong khng gian trng bn tay tri hay phi ca h, th khi t ng nc thi nc vo b v tr i nghch vi khong khng gian s to nn lung nc t nhin m b cc ca b thu sinh c d tnh t trc . Trong tt c mi trng hp, khi t ng dn nc tr vo b ngay bn di mt nc s gim thiu ti a s phn tn, mt mt ca kh CO2, v ta loi b i s khuy ng ca mt nc vy . Mc du rt t khi xy ra, nhng vn c nhng b h thu sinh vi kch thc tht ln, v phi dng h thng lc tran wet/dry filtration . V ct lc trn s lm o ln i kh ln nhng b cc, sp t trong b, loi lc ny ch nn dng trong cc b thu sinh tht ln . H thng lc ny c kh nng thanh loc cc tp cht rt hu hiu, v kh nng cht cha cc vt liu lc ca sump tank bn di, v cch cu trc ca loi h thng lc ny s to nn kh nng phn phi dng kh O2 cho cc vt liu lc bn di rt ln . Tuy nhin loi lc ny cng s lm bay i hm lng ca kh CO2 rt nhiu . Mt gii hn khc ca h thng lc wet/dry filtration cho b h thu sinh l s hin hu ca ct lc trn . Chng ta phi tn kh nhiu cng sc thit k v che khut i cc hp lc trn ny . ng thi trong cac b thu sinh qu kh nh th ny, cc loi c thng c nui chung l loi c da v c ng tin . Hai loi c ny n s rt nhiu, v s lm hng phm cht ca nc cc nhanh . Trong trng hp ny, th cc b h thu sinh cn phi x dng h thng lc trn wet/dry . Mt phng n khc m ta c th p dng l thay v x dng h thng lc trn wet/dry, chng ta c th thay v dng

1 lc trn canister nh cp, th gi y x dng nhiu hn 1 canister filter . Phng n ny s gii quyt n tho s i hi ca cc b thu sinh kh ln, vi nu khng, th cc b h thu sinh ny s c nhng vng nc cht khng c lu lng nc o hiu qu . Nu nhiu hn mt lc caniter c x dng, th b cc ca b thu sinh nhn s t nhin hn vi dng nc chy tr vo h t hai pha ca b .