Nurani v ABSTRACT

This research attempts to identify and categorize the cultural terms found in the novel The Old Man and the Sea and examine how these cultural terms are translated into Indonesian in Lelaki Tua dan Laut. The data were taken from these two novels. The results of this research show that 297 cultural terms were found. They were classified into five categories: ecology; gesture and habit; material culture; organizations, customs and ideas; and social culture. 160 data (53.87%) cultural terms belong to the category of material culture, 56 (18.86%) to ecology; 48 (16.16%) to organizations, customs and ideas; 20 (6.73%) to social culture; and 13 (4.38%) to gesture and habit. The results suggest that the most frequently used cultural terms belong to the material culture category. In terms of their translation the terms were classified into six categories: adaptation, borrowing, equivalence, literal translation, modulation, and transposition. The results show that 38 (12.79%) were translated by using adaptation, 55 (18.52%) using borrowing, 26 (8.75%) using equivalence, 135 (45.45%) using literal translation, 14 (4.71%) using modulation and 29 (9.76%) using transposition. Literal translation was the most common strategy used by the translator. Keywords: cultural terms, translation strategy, material culture, literal translation