Office of Transportation and Air Quality April 2007

Summary of Current and Historical Light-Duty Vehicle Emission Standards

US EPA Federal Light-Duty Vehicle Emission Standards for Air Pollutants Tier 2 Program
Standard Model Year Vehicles Emission Limits at Full Useful Life (100,000-120,000 miles) Maximum Allowed Grams per Mile NMOG CO PM HCHO 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.010 2.1 0.01 0.004 0.055 2.1 0.01 0.011 0.070 2.1 0.01 0.011 0.090 4.2 0.01 0.018 0.090 4.2 0.01 0.018 0.090 4.2 0.02 0.018 0.125 4.2 0.02 0.018 0.156 4.2 0.02 0.018 0.090 4.2 0.06 0.018 0.130 4.2 0.06 0.018 0.180 4.2 0.06 0.018 0.156 4.2 0.08 0.018 0.230 6.4 0.08 0.027 0.280 6.4 0.08 0.027 0.280 7.3 0.12 0.032 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.40 0.46 0.56 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 5.5 6.4 7.3 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.12 -0.8 -0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Air Pollution Score 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

Bin 1 Bin 2 Bin 3 Bin 4 Bin 5 Bin 6 Bin 7 Bin 8a Bin 8b Bin 9a Bin 9b Bin 9c Bin 10a Bin 10b Bin 10c Bin 11 LDV LDT1 LDV diesel LDT1 diesel LDT2 LDT3 LDT4

2004+ 2004+ 2004+ 2004+ 2004+ 2004+ 2004+ 2004+ 2004-2008 2004-2006 2004-2006 2004-2008 2004-2006 2004-2008 2004-2008 2004-2008 1994-2003 1994-2003 1994-2003 1994-2003 1994-2003 1994-2003 1994-2003

LDV, LLDT, HLDT, MDPV LDV, LLDT, HLDT, MDPV LDV, LLDT, HLDT, MDPV LDV, LLDT, HLDT, MDPV LDV, LLDT, HLDT, MDPV LDV, LLDT, HLDT, MDPV LDV, LLDT, HLDT, MDPV LDV, LLDT, HLDT, MDPV HLDT, MDPV LDV, LLDT LDT2 HLDT, MDPV LDV, LLDT HLDT, MDPV LDT4, MDPV MDPV LDV LDT1 LDV LDT1 LDT2 LDT3 LDT4

NOx 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.90 0.6 0.6 1.25 1.25 0.97 0.98 1.53

Tier 1 Program

For reference purposes only. These tables, while believed to be accurate, do not represent the official emissions regulations in their entirety, and are not meant to replace or supplant them. While EPA has made every effort to assure that these data are accurate, it cannot guarantee this.

Office of Transportation and Air Quality April 2007

EPA Emission standards: Historical

Standard Model Year Vehicles Emission Limits at Half Useful Life (50,000 miles) Maximum Allowed Grams per Mile NOx 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.1 3.0 3.5 1.2 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 3.1 3.1 3 3.6 NMHC -----------------------CO 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 7 15 15 15 39 87 10 10 10 10 18 18 18 20 20 39 39 PM 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 -------0.26 0.26 0.26 0.6 0.6 ------THC 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 1.5 1.5 1.5 3.4 8.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 2 2 3.4 6.5 Air Pollution Score none none none none none none none none none none none none none none none none none none none none none none none

CARS Tier 0 LDV 1985-1986 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1978-1979 1977 1975-1976 1973-1974 pre-control levels TRUCKS Tier 0 LDT1 Tier 0 LDT2-3 1987 1984-1986 1982-1983 1981 1979-1980 1978 1975-1977 1973-1974 pre-control levels

1987-1993 1985-1986 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1978-1979 1977 1975-1976 1973-1974 pre-1968 1988-1993 1988-1993 1987 1984-1986 1982-1983 1981 1979-1980 1978 1975-1977 1973-1974 pre-1968

LDV LDV LDV LDV LDV LDV LDV LDV LDV LDV LDV LDV LDT1 LDT2-4 LDT LDT LDT LDT LDT LDT LDT LDT LDT

note: The test procedures in the years between 1968 and 1972 were different enough from the current procedure that the standards are not comparable. The procedure changed again in 1975 to roughly its current form.

For reference purposes only. These tables, while believed to be accurate, do not represent the official emissions regulations in their entirety, and are not meant to replace or supplant them. While EPA has made every effort to assure that these data are accurate, it cannot guarantee this.

Office of Transportation and Air Quality April 2007

California and Northeast States Light-Duty Vehicle Emission Standards for Air Pollutants
LEV II Program
Standard Model Year Vehicles Emission Limits at Full Useful Life (100,000-120,000 miles) Maximum Allowed Grams per Mile NMOG CO PM HCHO 0.000 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.010 1.0 0.01 0.004 0.010 1.0 0.01 0.004 0.055 2.1 0.01 0.011 0.090 4.2 0.01 0.018 0.090 4.2 0.01 0.018 0.100 3.2 0.06 0.008 0.143 6.4 0.06 0.016 0.195 6.4 0.12 0.032 0.117 3.7 0.06 0.167 7.3 0.06 0.230 7.3 0.12 Air Pollution Score 10 9.5 9 7 6 5 4 3 2 3 2 1

ZEV PZEV* SULEV II ULEV II LEV II LEV II option 1 SULEV II ULEV II LEV II SULEV II ULEV II LEV II

2004+ 2004+ 2004+ 2004+ 2004+ 2004+ 2004+ 2004+ 2004+ 2004+ 2004+ 2004+

LDV, LDT LDV, LDT LDV, LDT LDV, LDT LDV, LDT LDV, LDT MDV4 MDV4 MDV4 MDV5 MDV5 MDV5

NOx 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.40

*PZEVs have the same standards as SULEV II , but manufacturers must guarantee that the PZEVs meet the standards for a longer vehicle lifetime--15 years/150,000 miles--plus have a fully-sealed, zero-emissions fuel system.

For reference purposes only. These tables, while believed to be accurate, do not represent the official emissions regulations in their entirety, and are not meant to replace or supplant them. While EPA has made every effort to assure that these data are accurate, it cannot guarantee this.

Office of Transportation and Air Quality April 2007

California and Northeast States Light-Duty Vehicle Emission Standards for Air Pollutants
LEV I Program
Standard Model Year Vehicles Emission Limits at Full Useful Life (100,000-120,000 miles) Maximum Allowed Grams per Mile NMOG CO PM HCHO 0.055 2.1 0.04 0.011 0.055 2.1 n/a 0.011 0.072 3.2 0.05 0.006 0.090 4.2 0.08 0.018 0.090 4.2 n/a 0.018 0.090 4.2 0.08 0.107 2.5 0.04 0.012 0.156/0.31 4.2 0.08 0.084 3.7 0.06 0.008 0.070 2.8 0.05 0.013 0.070 2.8 n/a 0.013 0.100 4.1 0.06 0.010 0.130 5.5 0.08 0.130 5.5 0.10 0.023 0.130 5.5 n/a 0.023 0.143 6.4 0.05 0.013 0.156 4.2 0.08 0.018 0.156 4.2 n/a 0.018 0.230 6.4 0.10 0.027 0.130 5.2 0.06 0.013 0.167 7.3 0.06 0.016 0.200 5.5 0.10 0.023 0.200 5.5 n/a 0.023 0.280 7.3 0.12 0.032 0.197 8.1 0.06 0.021 0.330 8.1 0.12 0.040 0.197 10.3 0.06 0.026 0.430 10.3 0.12 0.052 Air Pollution Score 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 4

ULEV I diesel ULEV I SULEV I LEV I diesel LEV I ILEV ULEV I LEV I SULEV I ULEV I diesel ULEV I SULEV I ILEV LEV I diesel LEV I ULEV I TLEV I diesel TLEV I LEV I SULEV I ULEV I TLEV I diesel TLEV I LEV I ULEV I LEV I ULEV I LEV I

2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2003 2001-2003 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006 2001-2006

LDV, LDT1 LDV, LDT1 MDV2 LDV, LDT1 LDV, LDT1 LDV, LDT1 MDV2 LDV, LDT1 MDV3 MDV2 MDV2 MDV4 LDT2 LDT2 LDT2 MDV2 LDV, LDT1 LDV, LDT1 MDV2 MDV5 MDV3 LDT2 LDT2 MDV3 MDV4 MDV4 MDV5 MDV5

NOx 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.45 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.70 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.50

For reference purposes only. These tables, while believed to be accurate, do not represent the official emissions regulations in their entirety, and are not meant to replace or supplant them. While EPA has made every effort to assure that these data are accurate, it cannot guarantee this.

Office of Transportation and Air Quality April 2007

Glossary
LDV LDT LDT1 LDT2 LDT3 LDT4 LLDT HLDT MDPV MDV MDV1 MDV2 MDV3 MDV4 MDV5 LVW ALVW GVRW Bin Light Duty Vehicle Light Duty Truck Light Duty Truck 1 Light Duty Truck 2 Light Duty Truck 3 Light Duty Truck 4 Light Light Duty Truck Heavy Light Duty Truck Medium Duty Passenger Vehicle Medium Duty Vehicle Medium Duty Vehicle 1 Medium Duty Vehicle 2 Medium Duty Vehicle 3 Medium Duty Vehicle 4 Medium Duty Vehicle 5 Loaded Vehicle Weight Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight Gross Vehicle Weight Rating Tier 2 Bin Passenger Car Truck (pickup, minivan, van, SUV) up to 8500 pounds GVWR, divided into sizes based on weight Truck up to 6000 pounds GVWR and 3750 pounds LVW Truck up to 6000 pounds GVWR, and between 3751 and 5750 pounds LVW Truck between 6001 and 8500 pounds GVWR, and between 3751 and 5750 pounds ALVW Truck between 6001 and 8500 pounds GVWR, and over 5750 pounds ALVW Truck up to 6000 pounds GVWR; includes LDT1 and LDT2 Truck between 6001 and 8500 pounds GVWR; includes LDT3 and LDT4 Truck between 8501and 10,000 lbs GVWR For California standards, a vehicle between 6000 and 14,000 lbs GVWR, divided into sizes based on ALVW For California standards, an MDV up to 3750 pounds ALVW For California standards, an MDV between 3751 and 5750 pounds ALVW For California standards, an MDV between 5751 and 8500 pounds ALVW For California standards, an MDV between 8501 and 10,000 pounds ALVW For California standards, an MDV between 10,001 and 14,000 pounds ALVW Nominal empty vehicle weight + 300 lbs Average of the curb (empty) weight and the GVWR Maximum fully loaded vehicle weight A set of emission standards within the Tier 2 Program. Manufacturers must certify that each vehicle will not exceed the pollution limits for the selected bin. Manufacturers may choose from the range of bins, as long as all vehicles they sell each model year fall below a certain average emissions limit. Replaced the Tier 1 Program with even cleaner emission standards EPAs first program after the Clean Air Act of 1994, setting more stringent vehicle emission standards nationwide than had previously existed Replaced the LEV I Program with even cleaner emission standards

Tier 2 Tier 1 LEV II

Tier 2 Program Tier 1 Program LEV II Program

For reference purposes only. These tables, while believed to be accurate, do not represent the official emissions regulations in their entirety, and are not meant to replace or supplant them. While EPA has made every effort to assure that these data are accurate, it cannot guarantee this.

Office of Transportation and Air Quality April 2007

Glossary (continued)
LEV I LEV TLEV ILEV ULEV SULEV PZEV LEV I Program Low Emission Vehicle Transitional Low Emission Vehicle Inherently Low Emission Vehicle Ultra Low Emission Vehicle Super Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle Partial Zero Emission Vehicle Californias first Low Emission Vehicle program, setting more stringent vehicle emission standards for California than had previously existed The average emissions standard within the LEV program A temporary emissions standard bridging the gap between the looser Tier 1 and the more stringent LEV standards An emissions standard for alternatively-fueled vehicles with closed and pressurized fuel systems An emissions standard within the LEV program and tighter than the LEV standard An emissions standard that is tighter than the ULEV standard An emission standard that is equivalent to the SULEV standard, with longer vehicle lifetime requirements--150,000 miles/15 years--and a fully sealed, zero-emissions fuel system The tightest emissions standard: zero emissions Compounds containing nitrogen and oxygen; they combine with hydrocarbons in the sunlight to form smog Compounds containing carbon; they combine with NOx in the sunlight to form smog A subset of NMOGs, containing only carbon and hydrogen; they combine with NOx to form smog All hydrocarbons, including methane; they combine with NOx to form smog Tiny particles of solid matter that lodge in the lungs and deposit on buildings A lung irritant and carcinogen A colorless, odorless, poisonous gas

ZEV NOx NMOG NMHC THC PM HCHO CO

Zero Emission Vehicle Oxides of Nitrogen Non-Methane Organic Compounds Non-Methane Hydrocarbons Total Hydrocarbons Particulate Matter Formaldehyde Carbon Monoxide

For reference purposes only. These tables, while believed to be accurate, do not represent the official emissions regulations in their entirety, and are not meant to replace or supplant them. While EPA has made every effort to assure that these data are accurate, it cannot guarantee this.