NJIA MBADALA ZA UTATUZI WA MIGOGORO (ADR): MAFANIKIO NA CHANGAMOTO

Jaji R.V. Makaramba Jaji Mfawidhi, Mahakama Kuu ya Tanzania, Divisheni ya Biashara

YALIYOMO
Utangulizi

Matumizi

ya Njia Mbadala za Utatuzi wa Migogoro Mahakamani Mafanikio Changamoto Hitimisho na Mapendekezo

Utangulizi

Dira ya Sera ya Maboresho ya Sekta ya Sheria (LSRP): Haki sawa kwa wote na kwa wakati - Mahakama ni mdau mkubwa (strategic & key stakeholder) ADR - R.1 O VIIIC:
Majadiliano (negotiation) au Usuluhishi (mediation) au njia nyingine mbadala zinazofafana Na sio Uamuzi (arbitration)

Matumizi ya ADR Mahakamani

Usuluhishi wa kimahakama, Court Annexed Mediation (CAM) ni sehemu ya Sheria ya Mwenendo wa Mashauri ya Daawa, Cap.33 R.E 2002 CAM ni aina ya mfumo wa utatuzi mbadala wa migogoro ulioingizwa kisheria ndani ya mfumo wa Mahakama CAM katika mashauri ya daawa ni lazima (compulsory) sio hiari (voluntary)

Matumizi ya ADR Mahakamani

Taratibu za uendeshaji wa ADR zinatofautiana baina ya Kanda moja na nyingine za Mahakama Kuu

Returns za mashauri hazianishi ni mashauri mangapi yaliyomalizika kwa njia ya usuluhishi.

Mafanikio ya ADR Mahakama ya Biashara

Year/ Cases Month Filed Cases Decided Cases Percentage Disposed by Mediation 14 30.4% Cases Pending

March , 2013 2012

46

46

245 (as at 31st March, 2013 259 (as at 31st Dec. 2012)

238

195

10

5.1%

Changamoto

CAM inaendeleza badala ya kufifisha (diminish) nafasi ya wasomi wanasheria kwenye utatuzi wa migogoro [1st PT&SC - O. VIIIA R. 3(1)]. Sheria inahitajia kuwepo maelekezo (directions) ya Jaji Mkuu juu ya ADR

Hakuna sheria inayoweka utaratibu jinsi ya kuendesha ADR Kanuni za CMA, Mahakama ya Biashara, 2012)

Changamoto

Wasuluhishi ni Majaji na Mahakimu Wasuluhishi hawajapatiwa mafunzo ya kutosha ili kuongeza ujuzi wao wa kusuluhisha migogoro Ipo hatari kwamba Majaji na mahakimu wanaweza au hata mara nyingine hutumia mamlaka ya kimahakama (judicial power) kulazimisha suluhu (settlement) isiyokubalika na wahusika

Changamoto

Sheria inaruhusu speed tracks za mashauri na muda wa kuanza kwa usuluhishi, lakini haiweki muda wa usuluhishi kumalizika. Hakuna utafiti uliofanyika kubaini endapo CAM imechangia katika kupunguza muda na gharama za uendeshaji na usikilizaji wa mashauri mahakamani

Changamoto
Athari za kumalizika kwa muda wa Speed Track R. 4 O. VIIIA departure from or amendment of scheduling conference order if necessary in interests of justice and the party in favour of whom is made shall bear the costs unless court decides otherwise. Dismiss suit/appeal or condemn to costs

The Hilary Rules Syndrome

that he found Rome of brick and left it of marble.. But now much nobler will be the sovereigns boast when he shall have it to say that he found law dear, and left it cheap; found it a sealed book, left it a living letter; found it a patrimony of the rich, left it the inheritance of the poor; found it the two-edged sword of craft and oppression, left it the staff of honesty and the shield of innocence. Lord Henry Broughman, Speech in the House of Commons UK, Feb. 7, 1828.

Hitimisho

Kurasmisha (institutionalize) usuluhishi wa migogoro kimahakama (CAM) kama njia mbadala ya utatuzi wa migogoro (ADR) umekuwa na matokeo yasiyotarajiwa (unintended consequences). Sheria imeshindwa kukidhi matarajio ya usikilizaji wa mashauri mahakamani kwa haki, kwa haraka na kwa gharama nafuu.