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G JH TF Ò: GH - Âu¡Fknur¡Få M.A., M.Sc.,B.Ed.,G Ljhçmáça® (Fâj )
G JH TF Ò: GH - Âu¡Fknur¡Få M.A., M.Sc.,B.Ed.,G Ljhçmáça® (Fâj )
gjh tF
gh.UFknurf M.A.,M.Sc.,B.Ed.,gljhMa(fj)
muR kf ca iy g ,
Email:kanisivasankari@gmail.com&kanisiva2012@gmail.com
1 . fzfS rhfS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
gkhW g
AUB=BUA
AB=BA
nr g
AU(BUC)=(AUB)UC
A(BC)=(AB)C
gL g
AU(BC)=(AUB)(AUC)
A(BUC)=(AB)U(AC)
okhf f
i)(AUB)=AB
ii)(AB)=BUA
iii)A(BUC)=(AB)(AC)
iv)A(BC)=(AB)U(AC)
fzf M v
i)n(AUB)=n(A)+n(B)n(A)
ii)n(AUBUC)=n(A)+n(B)+n(C)n(AB)n(BC)n(AC)+n(ABC)
6. rhfis FF Kiw
tir nrhof fz ,
mltid ,
mF gl ,
tiugl
7. rhf tiff
1.xWF xwhd rh
A- cs xbthU cWfS , B- cs xbthU cWfSl
bjhl gLjgL
2. nk rh
B- cs xbthU cWfSF , A- xU K cU UF
3. Uw rh
xWF xwhd rh kW nk rh UF
4. kh rh
A- cs vyh cWfS , B- cs xnu xU cWl H cU
bfhoUF
5. rk rh : A- cs xbthU cWfS mjDlndna bjhl gLjgL
+1
4. bghJ cW tn=a+(n1)d
5. Kj ncWf TLj ( bghJ ahr djuglh)Sn= [2a+(n1)d]
6. Kj ncWf TLj (fil cW l juglh)
Sn= [a+l]
wbjhlf
11. Kj na vf TLj
1 + 2 + 3+ . . . .
+n=
l=
3. afj
(a + b)2
= a 2 + 2ab + b2
(a - b) 2
= a 2 - 2ab + b2
a2 - b2
= (a + b) (a-b)
a2 + b2
= (a + b) 2 - 2ab
a2 + b2
= (a - b) 2 + 2ab
a3 + b3
= (a + b) (a2 ab + b2)
a3 - b3
= (a - b) (a2 + ab + b2)
10
a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 3ab (a + b)
11
a3 - b3 = (a - b)3 + 3ab (a - b)
12
a4 +b4
= (a2 +b2)2 - 2 a2 b2
13
a4 - b4
14
(a + b + c)2
15
(x +a) (x+b)
16
17
18
19
( )
20
Ugo Nu x=
21
jik fho
= x2 + (a+b) x + ab
= b2 - 4ac
> 0 bkbaf . rkiy
= 0 bkbaf . rk
< 0 bkbaf my.
4. mf
1
2.
3
4
iu m :
xU m xnu xU iu UF
u m :
xU m xnu xU u UF
rJu m :
xU m iu kW u f vif rkkhf UF
_iy l m :
xU rJum Kjik _iy l F nkny nH
cWfS af
midJ
cWf
rkkhf
ir m :
xU _iy l m
afyhj khahf UF
6.
cs
Kjik
_iy
myF m :
xU _iy l m Kjik _iy l cWf 1 Mf UF
a m :
xU m cs xbthU cW 0Mf UF
8
9
10
iu u khW m:
xUm iufis ufshf,ufis iufshf khw ilF
v m :
xU m xbthU cWYs + , - Mf - , + Mf UF
rk m:
U mf xnu tir bfhljhf mt xj cWf rkkhf
UF
11
12
13
14
15
mf Tl
gkhW g cilaJ
A+B=B+A
nr g cilaJ
A+(B+C)=(A+B)+C
Tl rk
A+O=O+A=A
nekhW m
A+(A)=(A)+A=O
mf bgUf
gkhW g cilajy
AB=BA
nr g cilaJ
A(BC)=(AB)C
gL g cilaJ A(B+C)=AB+AC
(A+B)C=AC+BC
Tl rk
AI=IA=A
nekhW m
AB=BA=I
(AT)T=A
;(A+B)T=AT+BT;(AB)T=BTAT
5. Mabjhiy toa
1
eL M =
eLnfhL ika G =
Knfhz gu A =
orA=
A=
ehfu gu
(or) AB - rh = AC - rh , (m) BC - rh
8
10
11
12
U nfhLf rk v
m1=m2
m=
m =
13
nenfho rkghLf
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
xm rkghL
y=0
ym rkghL
x=0
xmF id v rkghL y=k
ymF id v rkghL x=k
ax+by+c=0F id v rkghL
ax+by+k=0
ax+by+c=0F v brFJ rkghL bxay+k=0
M t brY nenfho rkghL
y=mx
rh m,ybtLJL c v rkghL
y=mx+c
rhm,xU tbrY nfho rkghL yy1=m(xx1)
23
U tbrY nfhorkghL
24
6
1
toa
Fkhdh
tobthj Knfhzf
xj nfhzf rk (m) xj gff j rkkhf UF
1. tobthj KnfhzfSfhd AA - Kiw
xU Knfhz uL nfhzf Kiwna kbwhU Knfhz
uL nfhzfSF rkkhdh mU Knfhzf tobthjit
2. tobthj KnfhzfSfhd SSS - Kiw
U Knfhzf xj gff jf rkkhdh mt xj
nfhzf rk vdnt U Knfhzf tobthjit
jhfu njw
xU brnfhz Knfhz fz tf kw
tff TLjYF rk
gff
bjhLnfhL - eh njw
tl bjhLnfho bjhL tna xU eh tiuaglh , mj
eh bjhL nfhLl VgLJ nfhzf Kiwna xbthW jjahf
khW tl JLf mikj nfhzfSF rk
10
tlf kW bjhLnfhLf
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
7 Knfhza
01
02
03
sin cosec = 1
cos sec = 1
tan cot = 1
; sin = 1/ cosec
; cos = 1/ sec
; tan = 1/ cot
;
;
;
cosec = 1/ sin
sec = 1/ cos
cot =1/ tan
04
05
06
07
08
09
sin2 + cos2 = 1
sec2 tan2 = 1
cosec2 cot2 = 1 ;
sin (90 )= cos
cos (90 )= sin
tan (90 )= cot
; sin2 = 1- cos2
;
cos2 = 1 -sin2
2
2
; sec = 1+ tan ;
tan2 = sec2 -1
cosec2 =1+ cot2 ;
cot2 = cosec2 1
cosec (90 )= sec
sec (90 )= cosec
cot (90 )= tan
10
Tl fj j rk
angle
30
45
60
90
Sin
1
2
3
2
Cos
3
2
1
2
Tan
2
1
1
3
8
t.v
bga
msa
tis gu
(r.m)
bkhj wgu
(r.m)
2rh
2r(h+r)
2(R+r) h
2(R+r)(R-r+h)
ne tl k cUis
netl clw
cUis
ne tl k T
rl
r(l + r)
ilfl
knfhs
4r2
clw nfhs
k miunfhs
clw miunfhs
2r2
2(R2 + r2)
3r2
(3R2 + r2)
fdms
(f.m)
r2h
(R2 - r2) h
r2h
(R2 + r2 + Rr) h
r3
(R3 - r3)
r3
(R3 - r3)
;h=
10
tisgu = tl nfhzgF gu
11
r2
rl =
s = T moRws
L = 2r
FHh tna gh j fdms = { FWF btL gu x ntf x neu}
12
13
l=
;r=
cU jahfgL a
fd cUtfvif =
14
cUfgl fd cUt fd ms
-----------------------------cUthfgl fd cUt fd ms
13
= 1000l
1 bl 3 = 1 l
1000l = 1 .
1000br. 3 = 1 l
11a
R=
RbfG
Q=
lyf bjhFfglhjit
1. neuo Kiw
2. TL ruhr Kiw
3. Cf ruhr Kiw
4. go yf Kiw
lyf bjhFfglit
1. TL ruhr Kiw
2. Cf ruhr Kiw
3. go yf Kiw
5
F d=xA
xC
F d
F d=x
F d=x
yf tf ruhr = l yf tf ( )2
F d=xA
xCF d
Kj na vf l yf
khWghL bfG
100
C.V =
12 fjf
1
2
3
xU ffhd fjf
6
7
P(A)+
=1
10
11
A- B- xiwbahW yfh ff v
12
A- B- xiwbahW yF ff vP(AB)=
vdnt P(AUB)=P(A)+P(B)
P(AUB)=P(A)+P(B)P(AB)
gh.UFknurf M.A.,M.Sc.,B.Ed.,gljhMa(fj)
muR kf ca iy g ,
Email:kanisivasankari@gmail.comandkanisiva2012@gmail.com