Index Transducers, 69, 389392 bridge, see Bridge transducers characteristics of, 34 denition of, 3 displacement / velocity, 389391

ow, 391392 gyrating, 310 pure, 308, 310 temperature, 391 transforming, 308, 310 Transducer-matched impedances, 5758 Transfer function(s), 326327, 385 of cascaded elements, 458460 closed-loop, 468, 469 of LTI system, 451452 open-loop, 469 second-order, 471472 and state-space descriptions, 752754 Transformation matrices: for continuous-time state-space canonical forms, 728731 for discrete-time state-space canonical forms, 737739 Transformation ratio, 308 Transformers, ideal linear lumped twoports, 43 Transforming LTI ordinary differential equations, 450451 Transforming transducers, 308, 310 Transform methods, 321350 response to periodic inputs using, 337 350 transient analysis using, 328339 Transform properties, table of, 322324 Transform table, 323 Transient analysis using transform methods, 328339 complex s-plane, 335, 336 effect of zeros on transient response, 337 rst-order transient response, 329333 higher-order systems, transient response of, 335, 337 parts of complete response, 328, 329 performance measures, transient, 336, 338, 339 second-order transient response, 334 335

905

test inputs / singularity functions, 329, 331 Transient response: effect of zeros on, 337 rst-order, 329333 of higher-order systems, 335, 337 second-order, 334335 Transient response of system, 328 Transistortransistor logic (TTL), 391 Transit time meters, 183 Translated function, 449 Translational velocity, 390, 391 Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP), 232 Transmitting system, 70 Transport delay, 438, 439 Transverse sensitivity, 76 Trees, 270272 Trend extrapolation, 276 True value (), 9 Truncation, 12, 13 Truncation errors, 358 Truth tables, 246, 247 T-statistic, 28 TTL (transistortransistor logic), 391 T-type element, 304, 305, 307 Turbulence, 185 Turning tools, 698 Two-arm bridge, 86, 92 Two-mode control, 403 (2%) setting time, 333 Two-phase ac motors, 394 Two-phase ac servomotors, 557, 560 Two-phase brushless motors, 552, 554 Two-phase-on switching, 563 Two-port devices, 4143 Two-port element, 307, 308 Two-position control, 399 Twos complement, 847848, 850 Two-sided test, 2930 Two-stage valves, 396 Two-terminal element, 303, 304 Two-way servovalves, 582584 Two-wire bridge circuit, 155, 156 Two-wire direct circuit, 155, 156 Type H electrical modulators, 569, 570 Type I errors (), 23, 24 Type I lters, see Tchebyshev lters Type II errors (), 23, 24