Comparing properties of Alkanes and Alkenes

Similarities: Properties Solubility in water Solubility in organic solvent Conductivity Boiling and melting point Molecular formula Molecular mass Differences: Properties Reaction with oxygen, O2 gas Alkanes It burned with less sooty yellow flame Alkenes It burned with a more sooty yellow flame The reddishbrown colour of bromine water decolourised The purple colour of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solutions was decolourised No Yes No Low Each member of homologous differs from the next/successive member by a unit CH2 Each member of homologous differs from the next/successive member of 14 unit Alkanes & Alkenes

The reddish-brown Reaction with bromine, colour of bromine Br2 water water remains unchanged The purple colour of Reaction with acidified acidified potassium potassium manganate(VII) manganate(VII), solutions remained KMnO4 solution unchanged
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ESSAY;

HOW TO DIFFERENTIATE THE ALKANE and ALKENE IN THE BOTTLES? Solutions: i. Procedure ii. Observations iii. Inference [8marks] Sample answer Aim: To investigate the liquid in bottle A and B
Dropper

Test tube

Test tube A

Test tube B

Procedure;
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1. The apparatus shown above is prepared. 2. 2-5 cm3 bromine water is measured with measuring cylinder 5ml and poured into a test tube. 3. A few drops of liquid from bottle A is put/added with dropper into the test tube, and shake. 4. Obsevation is recorded. 5. The experiments is repeated by replace the liquid from bottle A with bottle B. Observation: Test Tube Liquid in bottle A Liquid in bottle B Easylah! Observation Inference

The reddish-brown colour of bromine water Contains alkane remains unchanged The reddish-brown colour of bromine water Contains alkene decolourised

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