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BI TIU LUN

TNG THCH IN T
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PHN TCH NHIU PHNG IN QUANG TRN H THNG THU PHT TRN MY BAY COMPOSITE
Gio vin hng dn: H v tn hc vin: TIN Lp: truyn thng 2 K thut PGS.TS O NGC CHIN NGUYN TRUNG

S hiu hc vin:
H Ni 12/2012

CB120747

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MC LC..............................................................................................................3 I. GII THIU.......................................................................................................4 II. S CHNH LCH PHNG IN QUANG GIA MY BAY COMPOSITE V MY BAY KIM . 6 III. M HNH M PHNG.......................................................................................9 IV. C IM PHNG IN V NH HNG CA N TRONG MY BAY COMPOSITE...10 V. KT LUN.......................................................................................................15

PHN TCH NHIU PHNG IN QUANG TRN H THNG THU PHT TRN MY BAY COMPOSITE

Analysis of Corona Discharge Interferenceon Antennas on Composite Airplanes nh ngha : S tnh in ca khung v my bay thng c th gy nhiu in t trn my bay. in ma st dc np vo khi mt my bay hot ng trong tri ma, lm tng kh nng my bay cho n khi phng ho quang xy ra t cc im c trng mt chiu cao trn my bay. Nhng phng ho quang to ra ting n m c kt hp vo cc h thng ngten c ci t trn my bay. Cc c tnh ca tch t tnh in trn b mt ca my bay si carbon tng hp c nghin cu trong bi bo ny. S khc bit gia tch t tnh in gia cc my bay c si carbon tng hp v my bay kim loi cng c minh chng trong ti liu ny. Da trn cc lnh vc in t bc x do s phng tnh in (ESD) hin nay, mt m hnh ESD trong my bay composite c xc lp. Nh c hin th, cc dng in gy ra kch thch bi cc ESD thnh cng c th d on c s can thip ca cc ng-ten trong cc lnh vc tn s v thi gian, nhm cung cp mt ti liu tham kho thit k my bay composite. Khi nin cc ch s-Antenna, my bay composite, phng in quang, phng tnh in (ESD), Nhiu.

I. GII THIU
Di tt c cc iu kin thi tit, tch t tnh in xy ra trn b mt ca my bay khi ang bay. l kt qu ca vic phng tnh in (ESD), ph v cn bng in th, xy ra trn mi ca my bay do c in trng vi cng cao, chng hn nh v tr cui cng ca mt cnh, cui cng ca ui cn bng, v mt vi v tr khc. N c th hin trong : [1] A. Vassiliadis, A study of corona discharge noise in aircraft antennas,Stanford Res. Inst., Menlo Park, CA, Tech. Rep. 70, SRI Project 2494,Contract AF 19(604)-3458, Jul. 1960 [2] R. L. Tanner and J. E. Nanevicz, Precipitation charging and corona-generated interference in aircraft, Stanford Res. Inst., Menlo Park,CA, Contract AF 19(604)3458, Tech. Rep. No. 73, SRI Project 2494,Apr. 1961. [3] R. L. Tanner and J. E. Nanevicz, An analysis of corona-generated interference in aircraft, Proc. IEEE, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 4452, Jan. 1964. C th to ra nhiu nghim trng trong my bay v cc ng-ten nhn c, v v hiu ha thng tin v h thng nh v. Cc hnh thc phng, cng thm bi mt lot cc xung

ngn, to ra ng k RF nng lng, v to ra nhiu nghim trng tn s thp (LF) v tn s cao (HF) do nng lng ca ESD. K t khi thy mi nguy him ca ESD trn my bay v nhiu trong ng-ten l r rng, nhng vn ny thc s l phi ng ch n. Mt lot cc im [4] A. Curtis, Discussion on radio range variations by R.H.Marriot, Proc.IRE, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 3753, Mar. 1914.[5] H. W. Morean, Rain static, Proc. IRE, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 959963, Jul.1936. [6] R. Gunni, Army navy precipitation static project, Proc. IRE, vol. 34,pp. 156 177, 234235, Apr.May 1946. [7] H. J. Dana, Block and squirter for reduction of precipitation static,Washington State C, Pullman, Wash, Rep. No. 15, Feb. 1945. [8] T. L. Harlor, Final engineering report on precipitation static reduction,Philco Corporation, Res. Div. Philadelphia, PA, USAF ContractW-:3038 AC 20763, Feb. 1950. nghin cu ca nhiu ESD v vic loi b n trn my bay. Mt s nh nghin cu nghin cu cc c im ca k thut ESD v ngh ra vic loi b nhiu tnh in trn my bay [9]. Ting n to ra bi phng ho quang in [3], cng nh nhiu vo h thng thu pht ca my bay[10], cng c nghin cu sm. Cch khc, mt s nh nghin cu s dng l thuyt hnh hc ca s nhiu x (GTD) tnh ton hin ti b mt v mt in tch cm ng trn my bay [11]. Cc hnh thc xung gii phng in, m hnh s, v cc lnh vc bc x bi ESD c nghin cu trong [12] - [14]. Sm nht l nm 1966, Yee u tin trnh by m hnh lng cc in tng ng [13], v vo nm 1991, Wilson gii thiu mt m hnh tng i n gin lng cc ca phng in vng ho quang in d on cc lnh vc bc x [14]. Cc nghin cu trc cho thy rng nhng hin tng phng tnh in xy ra trn my bay kim loi. Vi ng dng rng ri vt liu composite trong ngnh hng khng, ESD cng nn c xem xt trong mi iu kin. Trong bi lun ny, nhiu phng in quang trn b mt cc h thng thu pht trn my bay composite si carbon c a ra tho lun. Dng sng phng in quang c to ra bi hin tng phng vng ho quang trong mt chic my bay composite c a ra trong mc II. Trong phn III, cc m hnh ESD trong mt chic my bay composite c thnh lp phn tch cc c im ca phng in quang v nh hng ca n ti h thng thu pht. Trong phn IV, gy ra hin tng trn b mt ca my bay composite si carbon v cc mu bc x ca phng quang in c nghin cu. Da trn cc lnh vc

in bc x bi s phng ho quang in hin nay, nhiu, cc h thng thu pht trn my bay c phn tch c trong lnh vc tn s v thi gian, v cc dng in gy ra s phng in vng ho quang c th gy nh hng trn cc thit b ca h thng thu pht nhn c trn my bay composite. Cui cng Mc V l kt lun c rt ra cc kt qu khc nhau ca nghin cu ny.

II. S CHNH LCH PHNG IN QUANG GIA MY BAY COMPOSITE V MY BAY KIM
A. Gii thiu chung Ma st in to ra c lin quan n tc ng ca cc ht lng ha trong qu trnh bay thp ca my bay composite ni chung a in th ca mt my bay ln kh cao. Khi in th tch ly trn mt chic my bay thch hp, n s tng cho n khi mt ngng t c to ra ho quang in xung mt khu vc ca in trng cao ti cc im cui cng ca my bay. S c ny xy ra nh l mt lot cc xung ri rc thi gian ngn v gia tng nhanh chng, do to ra ting n trong mt ph rng. Cc xung ny c th c rt y xp x tnh theo cp s nhn vi khong thi gian xy ra gn bng 0. Bin thin theo thi gian cc xung phng in vng ho quang hin nay c to ra trong chu k phng theo cp s nhn trong t nhin v c th c i din bi phng trnh sau y [12]: I (0, t) = KIp et et , khi K = 1, = 4 106 . 8 , = 4.76 107 . 6 , Ip = 0.05. t0

Bng 1: in tr sut lin quan n phng tnh in

i vi vt liu tng hp, phng vng ho quang in xut hin nh mt lot cc xung ri rc nhng li c nhiu s khc nhau i vi kim loi. Phn sau y tho lun v hin

tng vng ho quang phng in duy nht hin nay c to ra khi c hin thng phng ho quang ti cc im u cui ca mt cnh my bay. B. Hin tng phng in - S khc nhau gia my bay composite v my bay kim loi Phn b in tnh trn mt my bay composite l khng i xng. Tng t nh trng hp vt liu kim loi, ch yu tp trung vo cc v tr c cong ln, chng hn nh mi ,thn my bay, nhng im cong ca cnh, hoc cc im bn trong ca cnh. Cc c ch ph bin nht to ra s phng in trn b mt ca my bay l ma st in. C ch ny lin quan n vic chuyn giao in t hoc ion khi tip xc, do nhit ma st ti cc vng trn cc b mt rn. Cc vng cc b ca vt liu tan chy, cho php tng kh nng dn in . Phn bit gia cc lp khc nhau ca vt liu in tr sut c da trn b mt v kh nng chng li khi lng. Chuyn mc vi phm vi tng ng ca in tr sut b mt v khi lng c a ra trong Bng 1 [15]. Tnh linh ng tnh in ca mt cht mnh hn khi b mt hoc chng li th tch bo mn. Cc in tch tnh in c th xut hin trn my bay l mt chc nng ca v tr tng i ca n trong lot ma st in, v in tr sut ca n. Cc vt liu trong 1 lot b thit b cng c mt in tr sut cao hn c th tch ly ng k theo thi gian. Tuy nhin, trong nhng hon cnh nht nh, thm ch vi c nhng vt liu dn in, chng hn nh kim loi, c th c gii phng tnh in. So vi kim loi, kh nng tch t tnh in trn my bay composite ln hn nhiu. Ngoi ra, thi gian suy gim phng tnh in di, v vy n khng th xy ra ht hon ton. Tng t nh vt liu kim loi, tnh in cng xut hin trn mt chic my bay Composite khi n t sinh ra ra ti v tr, v xut hin vi vic phng vng ho quang in. Vi min thi gian tch cc vng ho quang xung hin nay c to ra trn mt my bay tng hp c th hin trong hnh. 1. Hnh 2 cho thy cc xung phng in vng ho quang hin ti trong lnh vc tn s. S c ny xy ra nh l mt lot cc xung ri rc thi gian ngn. So vi kim loi, nh l mt ngun can thip chnh, thi gian tng ca xung phng in vng ho quang tch cc trn mt my bay composite (100 ns ti mc nc bin), v mt thi gian di, vi thi gian khong 2 000 ns. Bn cnh , Ip t n nh khong 19 mA, ln hn so vi trn mt chic my bay bng kim loi. Hnh 2, chng ti lu rng quang ph tn s l nh hn 30 MHz v ph nng lng ch yu tp trung vo khong 1 MHz. S khc nhau ca cc xung phng in vng ho quang hin ti c cng mt phm vi quang ph.

Hnh1.Vng ho quang xung theo thi gian.

Hnh2. Vng ho quang xung theo tn s.

III. M HNH M PHNG

Chic my bay composite y l mt loi my bay khng ngi li lm bng vt liu composite si carbon. Hng s in mi tng i l r = 439,81 - j227.19 v thm t r = 1.0. Hnh 3 cho thy m hnh tng hp my bay. Bng v h thng thu pht ui n cc t c tn s trung tm ca 150 MHz v 1 GHz, tng ng. Chiu di ca bng v h thng thu pht l 0,5 v 0,075 m, si cnh ca my bay composite l 10 m. Trong phm vi HF, kch thc si cnh my bay l khong mi ln so vi bc sng bc x, v vy chng ti s dng phng php a cp thut ton nhiu cc nhanh (MLFMA) m phng cc lnh vc bc x phng in vng ho quang. Tuy nhin, trong phm vi LF, phng php ca thi im c s dng tnh ton can thip vo h thng thu pht. in ph tch ly mi ca my bay bi v cong ca tip l ln, v cc in tch tnh in tch ly l mt cao. Trong trng E bc x bi mt hin ESD c a ra bi cng thc : E = / S. N th hin s gia tng ca in th trn b mt ca mt my bay composite, cc phn t khng kh xung quanh c d dng hn ion ha v phng ho quang in xy ra mi ca cnh. Theo l thuyt ca vng ho quang in, hin tng ny c th xy ra trn b mt mt my bay.

Hnh 3: Mu my bay Composite Trong my bay, m hnh phng vng ho quang c th c tng ng vi mt lng cc in [13]. V vy, hiu qu ca vic phng ho quang bng v h thng thu pht c th c tnh l hiu ng c to ra bi mt m hnh lng cc in. mi ca ,cnh tri v cnh phi, cc m hnh lng cc in c th c t m phng s kch thch ca mt dng ESD, nh th hin trong hnh. 3. Hn na, cc c im phngvng ho quang v s can thip ca n h thng thu pht c minh ha.

IV. C IM PHNG IN V NH HNG CA N TRONG MY BAY COMPOSITE

A. c im phng in trong my bay composite

1) Mt cm ng hin ti: b mt hin ti mt c th c gy ra trn b mt khung my bay do x ho quang n my bay. Ly mu tn s t 0,1 n 200 MHz v my tnh in trng bc x bi mt dng ESD, mt hin ti l do trn b mt ca khung my bay c hin th.

Hnh 4: Phn b ca mt dng gy ra trn b mt ca my bay Hnh 4 (a) minh ha mt cm ng hin ti trn b mt sau ca mt chic my bay composite v (b) cho thy n trn bng my bay. Ti cc vng ng mu, ta c th thy mt hin ti c gy ra l ln hn. Nh c hin th trong hnh. 4, mt gy ra hin nay ch yu tp trung mi ca my bay, cnh ca cnh v ui ca chic my bay composite. Bn cnh , hn ch ti a s phn gy ra trn cc cnh ca cnh kh lp i lp li. Cn lu rng cc dng c nhy cm khng nn c lp t ti cc v tr ny.

2) Phng in trng xa - Trng bc x kiu mu: Ti cc tn s khc nhau, v d, 30, 60, v 100 MHz, hin tng phng m hnh bc x trng xa l khc nhau, nh c hin th trong hnh. 5. N ch ra rng lnh vc bc x n nay vn cn phn ln l i xng, v cc lnh vc in bc x phng in vng ho quang c tp trung ch yu mi v ui ca my bay tc 30 MHz. Hng vi s gia tng bc x mnh m vi s gia tng tn s. Tn s cao hn, cc phng in vng ho quang phc tp hn bc x trng xa.

Hnh 5: Vng ho quang x ra ca trng khu xa ng vi cc mu: (a) 30 MHz. (b) 60 MHz. (c) 100MHz B, Nhiu phng in trn h thng thu pht tm hiu nhiu c to ra ca vng ho quang c sinh ra trn my bay, mt m hnh my bay (ng-ten c gn kt nh l ch ra trong hnh. 3) c thnh lp d on ting n to ra trong cc h thng thu pht my bay. Trong thng tin h thng thu pht c ci t bng v ui my bay. Khi phng ho quang xy ra mi ca cnh, cc bc x in c th c tc dng trn h thng thu pht. Theo kt v thi gian cho vng ho quang phng xung hin nay c th hin trong hnh. 1, chng ta c th nhn c i tc trong lnh vc tn s chuyn i Fourier, nh trong hnh. 2. Bng cch thit lp ngun kch thch tng ng, chng ta c th m phng cc trng ting n in bng v ui a im, v cc dng in cm ng trong cc ngten.

Hnh 6: Nhiu in trng theo tn s

Hnh 7: Nhiu in trng theo thi gian

Hnh 8: Trng nhiu in t trn vng ui ca ng-ten trong min tn s.

Hnh 9: Trng nhiu in t trn vng ui ca ng-ten trong min tn s.

1) Ting n ca trng in E: Cc lnh vc ting n in. v tr h thng thu pht theo thi gian v min tn s c hin th trong Hnh. 6 v 7, tng ng. Trong hnh. 6, E l cng cao khi tn s di 10 MHz. Khi tn s cao hn 10 MHz, lnh vc ting n in gim dn. Hnh 7, chng ti c th rt ra kt lun rng lnh vc Emt s thay i 113-86 V / m. Cc lnh vc in t trong min thi gianv tr ng-ten bng thay i t t. Vo khong 3 10 - 6 s,gi tr ca lnh vc E lm tng ti a ca 113 V / mv n ri xung mc ti thiu 86 V / m 7 10 - 6 s Hnh. 8v 9 cho thy lnh vc ting n in ti v tr h thng thu pht theo tn s v thi gian. So vi [3] v [9],gi tr theo tn s min E bng v cc a im np ui my bay composite cao hn nhiu so vi trong my bay (707) KC-135. Nh th hin trong Hnh. 6 v 8, hnh thc lnh vc in t thi gian min tng t nh mu ESD cao in tim nng trong [14]. Tuy nhin, gi tr ca ting n ti a lnh vc trong bi bo l cao hn so vi nhng g th hin trong Hnh. 6 v 8. 2) cm ng ting n hin ti I: Bng cch tnh ton dng in cm ng bng v ng-ten-cap ui v s dng mt nghch o

Hnh 10: Bng ca nhiu ng-ten min tn s

Hnh 11: Bng ca nhiu ng-ten min thi gian

Hnh 12: ui ca nhiu ng-ten min tn s

Hnh 13: ui ca nhiu ng-ten min thi gian

Vi chuyn i chui Fourier, hin ti min thi gian gy ra cc ng-ten c th c minh ha trong Hnh. 10 v 11. Sung.12 v 13 cho thy dng ting n trong lnh vc tn s.Trong iu kin tng hp, hin nay gy ra l tp trung trong 10 MHz. Cc dng cm ng trn bng v ng-ten-cap ui thp hn so vi hin nay ESD c to ra mi ca cnh. Vi s gia tng ca tn s, gy ra cc dng thp v xut hin dao ng t 10 n 300 MHz. Trong min thi gian, cc dng t bng v ng-ten-cap ui gy ra do phng in vng ho quang to ra mi ca cnh t n ti a l 59 v 1,7 A, r espectively, ti thi im 20 ns, v tr thnh thp hn mt cch nhanh chng theo thi gian. So vi [3], gi tr gy ra hin nay trn cc ng-ten bng my bay composite l mi ln so vi hin hnh v cc ng-ten bng trong 431-1 my bay. Gi tr hin ti ting n ti ui di ng-ten nh hn gy ra ti phn trn ca ui ng ten ca chic my bay 353-1 v my bay 431-1.

V. KT LUN
Nghin cu ni trn ch ra rng cc c tnh ca phng in vng ho quang trn my bay composite khc nhau t nhng c im xy ra trn my bay kim loi. i vi mt chic my bay composite, mt m hnh lng cc in c s dng m phng cc c im ca phng in vng ho quang mi ca cnh. Gy ra hin ti mt v m hnh bc x ca phng in vng ho quang c minh ha trong bi bo ny. Bn cnh , cc lnh vc ting n in ti cc v tr ng-ten bng v ui di c phn

tch. Hin tng phng in quang can thip vo ng-ten trong cc lnh vc tn s v thi gian d on c. Cc kt qu c hin th c th d on s can thip vo cc ngten trong khng kh, do lm gim cc nguy c phng in vng ho quang v cung cp ti liu tham kho cho vic thit k my bay composite v phn phi cc thit b trong ni tht.