reportnb report nb CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ABSTRACT ~Abrief presentation of the paper, the different parts, and the keywords I: SCATTERING OF TIME HARMONIC ACOUSTIC WAVES UNDER THE HYPOTHESIS OF SMALL PERTURBATIONS 1 - Formilat ion of the problem and equations of propagation : The Helmholtz Equation. 2- Scattering fron an impenetrable obstacle : The Dirichlet problem: 3 - Methods for the resolution of the Dirichlet problem: fundamental concepts 3-1: The Green function. 3-2: Single and double layer potentials. 3-3: Procedure for the numerical resolution of the problem 4-Matlab codes and test. problem : comparison with analytical solutions and comments. IZ 1 SCATTERING OF ACOUSTIC WAVES IN SUBSONZC FLOWS 1 - Brief introduction to the problem and the TPT method, 2- General formulation and Zquations- 3 - Transformation into the frequency domain. 4-Numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. 4-1 The approximation formula « 4-2 Optimal choice of the parameters would Like to thank the Dr Oscar Bruno, Professor at the California Institute of Technelosy, wao has been my supervisor for this work, Mr Matthew Polhnan for helpingme during my researches, Mr Piwakowski, the professor responsible for my internship and all the members of the Applied and Computational sathematic departnent of Caltech ABSTRACT ‘This paper presente the main results that 1 have obtained duriag wy summer research at The California Institute of Technology. ac mostly deals with the scattering of waves fron ixpenctrable obstacles eect Ti nel eens ences ee quminueeerieliminreportnbs ‘The second part of the paper is about the determination of the acoustic field due to the interaction of an upstream disturbance with an airfoil in subsonic flows. We place a kirchoff surface surrounding the airfoil. Away from this surface, the sound field is linear and we combine the linearized Euler equations, into a scalar convective wave equation In this case, the direct simulation of the convective wave equation has a prohibitive computational cost , and it is also difficult to build accurate far field conditions ‘This part of the paper presents an efficient way to solve this problem, following the Transform Potential theoretic developed by Hariharan and Scott..(1] ‘The solution procedure has been explained in a paper dated on the 13 of February 2002 made by these authors. Firstly, the problem is transformed into the frequency domain and by a dependant variable transformation, the convective term of the Euler equation is removed. This leads to a classical Helmoltz equation in the frequency domain, which has been the object of the first part of the paper. After solving this Helmoltz equation with a double layer potential, we get back to the time domain and determine the pressure as a function of time by application of the inverse Laplace transform. ‘The second part of my work has consisted on writting a Matlab code following the resolution procedure developped by these authors and then test the validity and efficiency of my code by comparing it’s reuluts to existing ones. Key words : Helmholtz equation, double and single layer potential, Green function, Laplace transform, Time dependant far field. SCATTERING OF TIME HARMONIC ACOUSTIC In this section, wewill study the basic equations in scattering problems, and also the classical methods to solve these equations using the Green function and a single or double layer potential on the surface of the scatterer. Under the hypothesis of small perturbations the convective term in the Euler equation is automatically removed and one can establish the well known Helmholtz equation quations of pr We consider the propagation of sound waves in an homogeneous and isotropic medium,veportn 5 bet v=v (x, t), be the velocity field, =p (x, t) the pressure field, ando = (x, t) the density of the fluid. ‘The Euler equation can be written as (Ov/ 8t) + (v.grad) v + (1/0) +grad (p) We assume that v, pand pare smal perturbations of a static state : (vo = 0, po, po) ‘The convective term (v.grad) vcan be neglected under this hypothesis, and we can linearize the Euler equations near to the static state. (Ov/dt) + (1/90) *grad (p) = 0; ‘The equation of continuity is (90 /t) + div (o+v) = 0 and can also be linearized: (90/ dt) +p0+div(v) =0. ‘The last equation is called the state equation which gives the relation bettween pand 0: p= (p, S) where § is the specific entropy: We work under the adiabatic hypothesis, and the linearized stateequation is: (@p/ dt) (e*2) *(92/0t) where c*2 = V{6f/0p) (p0, So). ‘om these three equations we obtain the wave equation: (0? p/ 9 t*2) = (c*2) wap, where 4 is the Laplace operator- We now consider the case of an harmonic wave p = pl (x) # exp (-iwt) ‘This case of wave is very important because an arbitrary field can always be decomposed into the sum of monochromatic waves by Fourrier analysis. With this notation, we can see that the derivation (dp/0t) corresponds to a multiplication by i+w. So, the wave equations becomes: 4 (pi) + (k"2) «p= 0 where k= w/c, ig the wave number ‘This equation is called the reduced wave equation or the Helmholtz equation. 2: Scattering froman impenetrable obstacle : The dirichiet problem In scattering problems, there are basically two kind of obstacles : penetrable and impenetrable objects.For an impenetrable object , the total field vanishes on the boundary of the scatterer. But for apenetrable object , it leads toa transmission problem We will only consider the case of impenetrable objects . ‘The incident fied is noted pi and the scattered field ps, then pi + ps = 0 on the surface of the obstacle. ‘The Dirichlet problem is to finda fieldps, solution to the Helmholtz equation and which gatisfies the boundary condition (pi + ps = f on the boundary) . ‘To ensure the uniqueness of the solution, we add another equation, a radiation condition , which indicates the behaviour of the scattered field when the variable x goes to infinity. This condition has been introduced in 1912 and carries the nane of the physicist Sonmerfeld: lim (r +0) (r.0ps/0r-i.k.ps) = Owithr= |x| is the absolute value of x So the problem in this case is to find a total field (p = pi + ps) such that A (ps) + (k*2) .pe=0; pi + ps = 0 on the boundary of the obstacle and