Sex Linked Traits A well-known example of a sex-linked trait in man is color-blindness.

The gene that produces colorblindness is located on the X-Chromosome and it is recessive. In the following illustration an X chromosome carrying a normal allele written as X+ and one carrying a gene for color blindness is Xc. females who are X+X+ or X+Xc will have normal color vision because color blindness is recessive. Only if the X cXc will the females are color-blind. But males have only one X chromosome. If it happens to carry the allele for color blindness (Xc), the males will be color blind, since there is no normal dominant allele to counteract the effect of the recessive allele. In the following square, the father is color-blind (XcY) and the mother is normal (X+X+).

What is the stand of the church on upholding and protecting human life? Pope John Paul IIs latest encyclical, Evangeline Vitae, reaffirms in no uncertain terms the stand of the church on upholding the value of human life from the moment of conception until its last breath on earth. It condemns the use of contraceptives, the practice of abortion and mercy killing or euthanasia. It asserts that life is a sacred gift from God, that it can be nourished to the fullest, be protected from all harms and abuses, taken care of and comforted in its dying days. God is the source of life and is the only one who can take it away, the way He wants it. The death penalty imposed by the state is something the church frowns upon. How may the sequence and stages in development be described? Sperm Xc X+ X+Xc (daughters) X+Xc (daughters) Y X+Y (sons) X+Y (sons) 1. Natural Sequence Infants reach for an object before they are able to pick it up. We learn to walk before was run. We learn to speak words before we could express our ideas into sentences. We learn to count by rote before we understand the concept of numbers. Simple to complex Sequences in development usually proceed form simple behavior to those that are more differentiated and complex. Newborn infants can close and open their fingers and occasionally managing to connect the thumb with the mouth. As they mature these simple actions become differentiated into more complex behaviors as n patting an object, grasping ti, moving it toward the mouth or throwing it away. Orderly and a continuous process. The orderly sequences in development depend on maturation of the organism as it interacts with its environment. A series of steps The life span has broad stages of successive periods of infancy, childhood, adolescence and adulthood. The concept of stage in development implies that: a. Behaviors at a given stage are organized around a dominant theme. b. Behaviors at one stage are qualitatively different from behaviors that show at earlier of later stages. c. All children go through the same stages in the same order.

Eggs

X+

2.

All the sons will have a normal color vision. All the daughters will also have a normal color vision, but they are carriers of the gene for color blindness. Thus, if they marry men who have normal color vision, the matings will be as follows:

Sperm X X+ Eggs Xc
+

3. Y X+Y (sons) XcY (sons) 4.

X+X+ (daughters) XcX+ (daughters)

From this mating, half the daughters will be normal, and half again will be carriers, but all will have normal color vision. Half the sons will also be normal and half will be color-blind.

Levels of moral development according to Lawrence Kohlberg Level IPre-convetional Level Pre-moral children --7 years old and below, obey rules in order to avoid punishment or conform to rules to obtain rewards or to have favors returned. Level IIConventional Level --morality of conventional conformity --in this level, actions are evaluated in terms of maintaining a good image in the eyes of other people. One seeks approval by being nice. This extends to include doing ones duty, showing respect to authority, and conforming to the social order in his community. Level IIIPost Conventional Level --morality of self-accepted moral principles. --this is the highest stage which requires formulating abstract ethical principles of Conscience

What are sex role standards? Masculine and feminine behavior is culturally determined and varies from society to society. Roles of men and women differ. Sex Roles are approved behavior in which men and women are expected to behave. These are transmitted in large part by parents, at an early age by treating children differently depending on their sex. This can be seen in play activities, toys, and attire for daily wear or special occasions.

How is sexual development characterized? 1. 2. The period of transition from childhood is known as adolescence. It extends roughly form 12 to late teens. At the onset of adolescence, youngsters experience a period of rapid physical growth, known as growth spurt. This is accompanied by the gradual development of secondary sex characteristics. The changes that occur cover a period of 2 years. Puberty is marked by menstruation in girls and by the appearance of live sperm cells in the urine of boys. Generally, girls mature earlier by 2 years than the boys. Some adolescents mature early while others mature late that the average.

3. 4.

ATTACHMENTis a natural tendency to seek closeness to particular people. It is an early unlearned response to the mother.

Role Confusionstage of development wherein the adolescent is in faced by various identification which have not been harmonized and integrated in himself.

Psychosexual Stages of Development by Sigmund Freud 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Oral Stage (first year of life) Anal Stage (second year of life) Phallic Stage (three to six years) Latency Period (children becomes less concerned with their bodies and turn their attention to the skills needed for coping with the environment. Genital stage (occurs during adolescence. Youngsters begin to turn their sexual interests toward others and to love in a more mature way.