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1.1.1
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1.1.2
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1.3.3
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1.4.5

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Windows Windows Media Player.
Start Programs
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1.4.5.1 WINSOWS MEDIA PLAYER

Windows Media Player


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, (Play) . Windows Media Player


Play.( 2)
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(Pause). Windows Media Player
Pause.( 3)
Windows Media Player
Stop. (Stop) ( 4)

1.4.5.2 REAL PLAYER

Real Player .
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1.4.5.3

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1.5
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(wearable computers)
(pervasive computing)
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1.5.2
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