Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FDI in India
FDI in India
SECTION-F GROUP-1
Contributors Rakesh Kumar Purohit S Bharadwaj S K Chakravarthy N Abhinav Akash Prashant Jain Aradhna Dayal DM-120 DM-128 DM-129 FN-002 FN-082 IB-019
Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Types of FDI ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 FDI procedure in India----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 FDI limits currently in India --------------------------------------------------------------------------6 Sectoral Analysis -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 FDI culture in India--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26 India as a FDI Destination------------------------------------------------------------------------------27 Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28 Conclusion -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32 References --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32
Vertical Foreign Direct Investment o Backward vertical: Industry abroad provides inputs for a firm's domestic production processes o Forward vertical: Industry abroad sells the outputs of a firm's domestic production processes
4. Coal and lignite 5. Mining of iron, manganese, chrome, gypsum, sulphur, gold, diamonds, copper, zinc
FDI Procedure in India Foreign direct investments in India are approved through two routes: 1. Automatic approval by RBI: The Reserve Bank of India accords automatic approval within a period of two weeks (provided certain parameters are met) to all proposals involving: foreign
Investment Promotion Board) where the parameters of automatic approval are not met Normal processing time is 4 to 6 weeks Liberal approach for all sectors and all types of proposals with few rejections It is non-mandatory for foreign investors to have a local partner, even when the foreign investor wishes to hold less than the entire equity of the company. The portion of the equity not proposed to be held by the foreign investor can be offered to the public.
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Current Indian FDI Limits Sector Specific Foreign Direct Investment in India Hotel & Tourism: FDI in Hotel & Tourism sector in India - 100% FDI is permissible in the sector on the automatic route. The term hotels include restaurants, beach resorts, and other tourist complexes providing accommodation and/or catering and food facilities to tourists. Tourism related industry include travel agencies, tour operating agencies and tourist transport operating agencies, units providing facilities for cultural, adventure and wild life experience to tourists, surface, air and water transport facilities to tourists, leisure, entertainment, amusement, sports, and health units for tourists and Convention/Seminar units and organizations. For foreign technology agreements, automatic approval is granted if i. up to 3% of the capital cost of the project is proposed to be paid for technical and consultancy services including fees for architects, design, supervision, etc. ii. Up to 3% of net turnover is payable for franchising and marketing/publicity support fee, and up to 10% of gross operating profit is payable for management fee, including incentive fee Private Sector Banking: Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFC) - 49% FDI is allowed from all sources on the automatic route subject to guidelines issued from RBI from time to time in19 NBFC activities - Merchant banking, underwriting, portfolio management services, investment advisory services, financial consultancy, stock broking, asset management, venture capital, custodial services, factoring,
investment had been traditionally tightly regulated in India and now the government hand was lifting.
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In case of wholly owned subsidiaries (WOS), the guidelines for FDI in the banking sector specified that the WOS must involve a capital of minimum Rs. 300 crores and should ensure proper corporate governance.
Insurance industry is witnessing the transformation of insurance agents from mere intermediaries to financial advisors. Greater foreign investments would help in training and skills upgradation of the agents. Well trained agents would be better equipped to convince the customers about the benefits of insurance
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Subject to the conditions that such companies would divest 26% of their equity in favor of Indian public
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Investment Scenario
Cumulative FDI inflows during January in the Computer Software & Hardware Sector during January 2000 to December 2009 wasRs. 42,458.62 crores (US$ 9.57 billion) which was 9.03% of the total FDI inflows.
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SHARE OF TOP FIVE RBIS REGIONS (WITH STATE COVERED) ATTRACTED HARDWARE
(from January 2000 to December 2009) Rank RBIs Regional Office States Covered Amount of FDI inflows %age with FDI
FDI
INFLOWS
FOR
COMPUTER
SOFTWARE
&
inflows in Computer Software Hardware Rupees in crores US $ in million 2,118.72 22.13 &
1.
Mumbai
9,334.00
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Total of above
Collaborator Office
Solutions Ltd
Solutions Ltd
Service Industry
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Provider
Road Ahead
The total investments of EMC Corporation, a leading global player of information infrastructure solutions in India, will touch US$ 2 billion (over US$ 2.01 billion) by 2014. Syntel, an IT company, plans to invest around US$ 50 million in its global development centre in Chennai. Russian IT security software provider, Kaspersky Lab, will be investing US$ 2 million in its India operations at Hyderabad during the next financial year.
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Investment Scenario
The housing and real estate sector in India witnessed foreign direct investment (FDI) of US$ 640 millionin April-September 2010-11, according to the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP). Housing and real estate sector including cineplex, multiplex, integrated townships and
commercial complexes etc, attracted a cumulative foreign direct investment (FDI) worth US$ 8,996.46 million from April 2000 to September 2010. Foreign investors have so far contributed significant capital to Indias real estate market. Aggregate FDI inflows into the real estate sector are recorded at approximately 7.42 per cent of the total inflows. India allows 100 per cent FDI through the automatic route in townships, housing, built-up infrastructure and construction-development projects, subject to certain conditions. The relaxed FDI rules implemented by India last year has invited more foreign investors and real estate sector in India is seemingly the most lucrative ground at present. Private equity players are considering big investments, banks are giving loans to builders, and financial institutions are floating real estate funds. Indian property market is immensely promising and most sought after for a wide variety of reasons. The real estate sector is expecting a liberalised foreign direct investment (FDI) norm and easing of rules
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to make the real estate sector in India more organized to increase professionalism in the sector to introduce advanced technology in the construction business to create a healthy and competitive market environment for both Indian and foreign investors
Challenges faced
Current FDI regulations for the sector stipulate certain conditions, such as minimum area to be developed, minimum capitalisation requirements, lock-in and so on, that have been put in place from the perspective of preventing speculation in the sector. Such conditions, however, pose challenges for FDI inflows into various projects, where given the nature of projects, it may not be possible to comply with such conditions.
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According to the current policy FDI can come into India in two ways. Firstly FDI up to100% is allowed under the automatic route in all activities/sectors except a small list that require approval of the Government. FDI in sectors/activities under automatic routedoes not require any prior approval either by the Government or RBI. The investors are required to notify the Regional office concerned of RBI within 30 days of receipt of inward remittances and file the required documents with that office within 30 days ofissue of shares to foreign investors.51 All proposals for foreign investment requiring Government approval are considered by the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB). The FIPB also grants composite approvals involving foreign investment/foreign technical collaboration.52 As this clarity is useful for future investors, it has to be seen ifthese bodies were effective.
Present climate in India has seen a sea change, smashing barriers and actively seeking foreign investment, many companies still see it as a difficult market.. Foreign investors should be prepared to estimate Indias potential with due consideration to the inherent difficulties, contradictions and challenges in the system
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1.8 RECOMMENDATIONS
For the positive trend of growing FDI investment in India to grow, following recommendations can be given:
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developing countries. In contrast, industries in manufacturing sector and other technology-intensive industries attract high quality FDI. This is because, in developing countries (having a lower technology base), the probability of domestic firms learning about new technology and new knowledge through collaboration and reverse engineering is very high. In contrast, in labor-intensive industries (found mainly in
developing countries), technically advanced firms tend to crowd out the lesser performing and financially weaker domestic firms.
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exportoriented FDI aims to focus on its global markets. Export-oriented FDI is of higher quality FDI than domestic market-seeking FDI. This is because export oriented companies tend to form micro-level linkages with domestic firms in the form of sourcing and partnerships. Their objective is to exploit the low cost infrastructure and cheap skill available locally for export purposes. In addition to knowledge spillovers to local suppliers, export-oriented foreign firms also cause information spillovers to purely domestic firms to enter into export market. Also, by providing new competitive assets through export-oriented FDI, the supply capacities of export oriented firms are increased. The crowding out effect of local firms is also low in case of export-oriented firms.
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The table above shows the sectors targeted by some countries for attracting FDI. These are the sectors in which these countries possess global strengths. India also needs to focus majorly on a few sectors to attract FDI e.g. manufacturing, services, communications etc.
India has secured good ranks in parameters of Getting Credit and Protecting Investors, but in other parameters, a lot needs to be done. The government needs to emphasize on policy reforms to improve
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1.9 CONCLUSION
As evidenced by analysis and data the concept and material significance of FDI has evolved from the shadows of shallow understanding to a proud show of force. The government while serious in its efforts to induce growth in the economy and country started with foreign investment in a haphazard manner. While it is accepted that the government was under compulsion to liberalize cautiously, the understanding of foreign investment was lacking. A sectoral analysis reveals that while FDI shows a gradual increase and has become a staple for success for India, the progress is hollow (Annexure 1 and 2). The Telecommunications and power sector are the reasons for the success of Infrastructure. This is a throwback to 1991 when Infrastructure reforms were not attempted as the sector was performing in the positive. FDI has become a game of numbers where the justification for growth and progress is the money that flows in and not the specific problems plaguing the individual sub sectors.
1.10 REFERENCES
y y y y y y y www.dipp.nic.in Doing Business Report 2010, World Bank www.livemint.com, last accessed on 25tDecember, 2009 Data derived from Indiastat.com, ris.org.in,adb.org.in and google.com http://www.rbi.org.in http://smetimes.tradeindia.com/smetimes/news/industry/2011/Jan/17/strong-need-to-raise-fdicap-in-insurance-sector-cii624638.html y http://business.mapsofindia.com/fdi-india/guidelines/banking.html
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