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HNG DN K THUT
Cng ngh lc nc v my RO Thuyt trnh: Nguyn nh Li

CC CH S TRNH BY
1. 2. 3. 4. Mt s khi nim v nc Phn tch nc nhim nc v cch x l Cng ngh thm thu ngc

1- MT S KHI NIM V NC
Vng tun hon ca nc Cc cht c trong nc Cc loi ngun nc Nhu cu s dng nc

VNG TUN HON NC

Nc chng ta dng cha nhng g?

CC CHT C TRONG NC
Nc tinh khit l H2O = 2H + 1 O Nc ha tan mt phn nhng cht m n tip xc nh:
Cc kim loi Cc loi Cc cht thi Cc cht kh Bi Cc loi vt th khc

Cht ha tan = Cht nhim = Cht khng tinh khit Khu vc khc nhau: nc rt khc nhau. Nc 2 ging khoan cch nhau 1.5 mt c th

hon ton khc nhau

CC LOI NGUN NC
NC B MT:
H, sng, sui v i dng

NC NGM :
Nc t cc ngun t di lng t

NC MY THNH PH:
Nc b mt hay cc ging khoan c x l

c lu gi tp trung v phn phi cho ngi tiu dng

NHU CU S DNG NC
LNG NC S DNG HNG NGY:
Mt ngi se dng 303 lt nc

Dng cho vic nu n, git, tm, v sinh,...

LNG NC A VO C TH HNG NGY:

Mt ngi se dng ht 2 ngy

n 4 lt nc mt

Gm nc: tri cy, thc phm v nc ung.

2- PHN TCH NC
Gii thiu

Tiu chun v nc sch

Cc yu cu kim tra c bn Cch ly mu nc Cc n v o Cc b kim tra nc

GII THIU
Trc 1970: chi quan tm mi v v nc Ngy nay : Trn 70000 cht nhim Ngun gc chnh ca cc cht

nhim: thi ky ha cht sau i chin

th gii ln th II.

TIU CHUN NC SCH

Mc nhim ti a (MCL): Tnh c hi ca cht nhim. Tiu chun nc ung c bn:

nh hng sc khe con ngi. Phi tun th. Thuc tr su, thuc dit c, vi trng, cht phng x

Tiu chun nc ung ph:

Khng nh hng sc khe con ngi. Khng bt buc. Gm: mu, tc nhn to bt, mi, PH v tng cht rn ha tan (TDS).

CC YU CU KIM TRA C BN
1. Kim tra nc trc v sau cc thit b lc .
2. Hiu ngun nc lp my lc hiu qu:

Mu
trong bm cn

Mi
V (chua pH thp) Vt trn cc vt Kh nng n mn Cc cht lng y cc p sut nc

CCH LY MU NC

X nc 60 giy: ra tp cht bm ng ng.

Ra chai mu 3 ln vi nc cn ly mu. Khng nc mu tip xc vi : tay, dng, Cn khong d cho khng kh trn chai. Khng dng mu nc lu qu mt tun.

Mu sau 24 gi th phi bo qun lnh.

CC N V O
mg/l ppm miligam/ lt mt phn / mt triu

ppb

mt phn / mt t

1mg/l=1ppm=1000ppb

Lu : Arsen (thch tn) chi cho php ti a trong nc 10ppb hay 0.01ppm

B KIM TRA NC XCH TAY

B kim tra nc xch tay rt ph bin v

dng chun on rt tt.

C th mua ti vin a cht ph Cha

Lng, H ni.
Cn kim tra k hn s dng v cch dng

ca cc b kim tra.
Cc in phn: con dao 2 li (>30).

3- NHIM NC V CCH X L Nc cng Nc c tnh n mn St H2S Mng gan c TDS cao B ct

NC CNG
Nc cng: nhiu canxi v magi.
Canxi (Ca): Nc ma lm vi tan ra. L thnh phn chnh ca nc cng. Magi: nng cao c v ng v cht. BIU HIN:
t bt khi git ra bng x phng. Cc vt ng mu trng trn ca knh v dng.

Cc cn bm mu trng trn ng v un nc.

X L NC CNG
Dng ht nha cation Dng ht polyphotphat chng bm cn.

Dng thit b in t chng ng cn. Ra mng RO thng xuyn v t ng.

NC C TNH N MN
Nc c tnh n mn c to ra bi CO 2, H2S v cc
cht thi cng nghip. Ph hy ng ng nc, cc u ni, cc thit b. BIU HIN:
Vt mu xanh quanh ng. To mu xanh trong nc. Vt r mt ng thau. Nc c v kim loi.

PH<7 nc c tnh axit. PH>7 nc c tnh kim.

pH cao hoc thp u to nc c tnh n mn

CCH X L NC N MN
pH thp: Dng vi CaCO3 (canxit), Na2CO3 (tro x a). pH cao: Dng axit chanh, gim. pH trung tnh: Dng polyphotphat.

ST
BIU HIN
V kim loi (tanh).

Vt nu trn dng.
Nc c mu hi hoc nu. To vng mu hi en d lau sch. Qun o mt mu khi git. ung tr nn sm mu.

CC DNG ST
St trong sut : St 2. Chuyn mu St c mu : St 3. Mu vng, , cam hay hi . St dng keo t : ion st nh hn 0.1 micron l lng, c mu hng c khng lng. St hu c : Phc ca st vi cht hu c. Thng c mu vng hay mu hng. St vi khun :
Vi khun n st 2. N dng keo st, dng si Phn chiu nh sng to mu cu vng To cc vt , tc ng, gy mi v v kh chu.

HYDRO SUNPHIT (H2S)

L cht kh, do thc vt thi ra. C c ging su v nng. C th chy, c v n mn kim loi.

BIU HIN
Mi trng thi ung mt mu Mi v v hnh thc thc phm thay i Vt trn vt: mu hi en hoc vng. T 5 ppm thy mi. Thng di 10 ppm. t thy mi nu pH >8.

MNG GAN
t gp hn l st
Nu c mng gan th c st Vi khun mng gan gy tc ng ng Gy nga khi tm BIU HIN : Kt ta mu en. Nc c mu hi en. Him khi cao hn 2 ppm.

X L ST, MNG GAN, H2S

Dng xy ha: xc kh, dng ht xc tc hay bm ha

cht.
Nc tip xc kh quyn giu xy hay cc ht lc: phn

ng ha.
Cn nc pH >= 7 (dng vi,). Ht lc: ht Birm, ct xanh (Khong ph i xit Mn ). Ha cht thng dng: Thuc tm, kh clo

 C
c: vn c hay bn c C th lng hoc khng. BIU HIN
Cc ht mu trng. Ct Bn

S lng cc tia sng b phn tn hay hp th bi cc ht c chnh l c (NTU). X l: Lc chn (ct, ...), hp ph (than,

silicat nhm), to bng v kt ta (nhm sulphat,).

TNG CHT RN HA TAN

Tng trng lng cht rn ha tan trong

nc l Tng cht rn ha tan (TDS).

Cho bay hi nc v cn cc cht cn st

li (ppm hay mg/l).

dn ca cht rn dn in trong nc (bt TDS). X L : Dng RO hoc chng ct nc.

B CT
L phun m- a

Vt liu Si

Chiu dy 5cm -10cm

C ht 0,5cm - 1cm 0,25mm-1mm

N- c ngun

Gin m- a

Van trn

Ct vng 40cm-45cm

B tr cc van trong h thng lc ct:

Van ra lc(V1)

V1: Dng ra lc.

V2: Thu nc sch vo b cha. V3: Xc ra ct lc
45 cm
t ng c t l c

Van trn: m, khi b lc b tc hoc

ngun nc bm vo ln hn so vi tc
V2 V3

lc.

50 cm

S ht hng l c c t c gin p hun m -a

80 cm

4- CNG NGH THM THU NGC

Kch thc ca cc cht cn lc Lc truyn thng v lc mng Thm thu v thm thu ngc Li ch ca lc RO Nguyn l my RO Mng RO Cc chi tit chnh ca my RO S lp van c c v mi Hiu sut h thng RO Mt s kiu tc mng Cch x l s c

KCH THC CC CHT CN LC

1 angstrom= 0.0001 micron

LC TRUYN THNG V LC MNG

LOC MANG (Dong chay giao nhau, chay ch thp)

THM THU V THM THU NGC

Thm thu t nhin: Dung dich m c se hut dung dich t m c hn

LI CH CA LC RO
Khng thm ha cht vo nc

Loi b 90 - 99% cc cht hu c, cc ht v cc ion. Lc ti c Angstrom (10-4 micron).

Tiu hao t nng lng.

Cho xy qua mng nn nc lc khng nht nh nc chng ct.

NGUYN L MY LC RO S C BN CA MY RO
Mng RO Nc cp Bm Nc lc

Van iu khin

Nc thi

MNG RO

TDS vo: 2000ppm

Mng Pentair

Cht liu mng cng nghip Qun 1 tui mng v din tch rng Lu lng tt v TDS m bo.

MT S CHI TIT MY RO

Li tin x l (PP,CIF): Gi cn, cht hu c & kh clo Van c: Kha nc khi my dng. Van hn ch nc thi: nc thi ra u, to p ngc p nc qua mng. Van mt chiu: Trnh nc t bnh p tr li mng v ra ng thi. Bnh p: Mng cao su ngn 2, phn cha nc v phn cha kh nn to p y nc ra. Li lc tinh (Li 5): Ht cc bon hot tnh loi b mi v v. Ph Nano bc trnh nhim khun t vi.

MT S CHI TIT MY RO
Cng tc van p cao, p thp C m bc tip im

Chng qu nhit cha chng sc in u vo

Hp ph cao, khng c xp PU c hi

Khng gy n Vt bt c kha chng lng

Bm ht ht su ti 2 mt

Gi my nhp

An ton thc phm

S U NI VAN C C

Nc thi chy lin tc: khi bnh p khng c nhiu nc, ng thi mt in. Van c thng: Ln nc cp vi nc sch . Khi bm khi ng thng lm van c bi rung v gy n.

S U NI VAN C MI

Hn ch nhc im u ni c C tc dng nh van t Khng chp chy v khng knh van nh van t
KHI B NC CP CAO HN 40 MT TH NN LP MY KHNG BM

HIU SUT CA MY RO
p lc nc cp: B di 3 mt d e kh v hiu sut thp Dng bm ht. Bnh p sinh p ngc, lu lng nc sch gim dn khi cng y bnh p (khng chinh van p cao) T ng ra mng: ra thng xuyn, t ng lm mng bn, TDS u ra tt v tng hiu sut my.

MT S KIU TC MNG
Tc do vi sinh vt (Nhn, bm u vo)
Tc do st v mng gan dng keo t (en, nu bm u ra)

Tc do nc cng (Li mng cng nht l

phn u ra).

CCH KHC PHC S C MY

Khm bnh:
Hi thm v triu chng, biu hin: my ku th no, nc chy ra sao,trc khi b hng th c tc ng g mi khng,? Hi tnh trng lp: B nc cao bao nhiu, dng bao lu, cc li hay thay khng,?

Chun on bnh:
Da trn hin tng on bnh Phn khc sm tm ra cn nguyn: M ct ni cc mng, on nguyn nhn trc hay sau mng

Lu : Tm nguyn nhn gy bnh

Nc lc ra chm (khong 3 lt/gi) thay mng, nhng thc ra li l do p lc nc u vo km, li tin x l km,

CC CU HI V THO LUN
Ti sao mt s ngi i lp my hay b li? Ti v cm in trc khi m nc. X bao nhiu nc sau khi lp mng mi? X 3 n 4 bnh ht cht bo qun mng (cht bo qun mng an ton thc phm nhng c mi v v l). u vo TDS 300ppm,TDS sau mng? Ty thuc rt nhiu yu t (p nc u vo, cht lng nc, nhit , loi bm, van hn ch nc thi, loi mng, pH,).

XIN TRN TRNG CM N