Tai Lieu Excel 2010

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Mc lc Excel 2010

I. Nhng im mi trong Microsoft Excel 2010 .................................................... 8
Thm tnh nng Sparkline ......................................................................................... 9
Tnh nng Slicers ..................................................................................................... 10
nh dng d liu c iu kin ............................................................................... 11
PivotTables v PivotCharts ..................................................................................... 13
Share Workbook ...................................................................................................... 14
I. Ni dung chnh ................................................................................................. 14
Chng 1: Lm Quen Vi Microsoft Excel ..................................................... 14
1.1 Gii thiu Excel .......................................................................................... 14
Excel l g: ..................................................................................................... 14
Ribbon l g? .................................................................................................. 19
S dng thc n ng cnh (shortcut menu) ................................................ 20
1.2. M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s ...................................... 21
Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel ..................................................................... 22
Thu nh ca s Excel .................................................................................... 22
Phng to ca s Excel .................................................................................... 22
Thot khi Excel ............................................................................................ 22
1.3. Thao tc vi v vng ............................................................................... 22
Nhn dng v vng (cells, range) ............................................................... 22
Chn vng ...................................................................................................... 23
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Sao chp v di chuyn vng .......................................................................... 24
Dn c bit (Paste Special) .......................................................................... 24
t tn vng ................................................................................................... 27
Thm ch thch cho .................................................................................... 28
Chn, xa , dng v ct ............................................................................... 29
Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng ........................................................ 31
Ni (Merge) v b ni cc (Split) ............................................................... 33
Chuyn mt ni v li nhiu ............................................................... 33
1.4. Di chuyn trong bng tnh v s dng phm tt ........................................ 34
Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang ............................................................... 34
Thanh Sheet tab ............................................................................................. 34
S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn..................................................... 35
1.5 Thao tc vi workbook ............................................................................... 37
To mi workbook ......................................................................................... 37
Lu workbook ................................................................................................ 39
ng workbook ............................................................................................. 41
Sp xp workbook ......................................................................................... 41
1.6. Thao tc vi worksheet .............................................................................. 42
Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook ..................................................... 42
i tn worksheet .......................................................................................... 43
Xa worksheet ............................................................................................... 43
Sp xp th t cc worksheet ........................................................................ 43
Sao chp worksheet ....................................................................................... 44
Chn mu cho sheet tab ................................................................................. 45
n/ Hin worksheet ....................................................................................... 45
1.7 S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc .............................. 46
S dng thanh Zoom ..................................................................................... 46
Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s .............................................. 46
Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu .................... 47
S dng Watch Window ................................................................................ 49
Chng 2: Lm vic vi d liu trong Excel .......................................................... 49
2.1. Nhp liu, hiu chnh ................................................................................. 49
Nhp liu ........................................................................................................ 49
Nhp cc k t c bit ................................................................................. 51
Hiu chnh ni dung ....................................................................................... 52
Nhp ln c sn ni dung ....................................................................... 53
S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu ................................................................ 53
2.2. nh dng ................................................................................................... 58
nh dng chung ............................................................................................ 58
T ng nh dng c iu kin .................................................................... 68
Bng v nh dng bng (table) ..................................................................... 69
S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes) ................................... 71
2.3 Tm v thay th d liu ............................................................................... 72
2.4 Sp xp v lc d liu ................................................................................. 74
Chng 3: Gii Thiu V S Dng Cc Hm ........................................................ 77
3.1 Gii thiu cng thc v hm: ...................................................................... 77
Gii thiu cng thc (Formula) ..................................................................... 77
Gii thiu hm (Function) ............................................................................. 80
Nhp cng thc v hm ................................................................................. 81
Tham chiu trong cng thc .......................................................................... 83
Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors)............................................................ 85
3.2 Cc hm trong excel ................................................................................... 86
a. Nhm hm v thng k .............................................................................. 86
b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut .............................................................. 89
c. Nhm hm v tng quan v hi quy tuyn tnh ...................................... 92
d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions .................................................... 93
e. Danh mc cc Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch ................. 98
f. HM TON HC V LNG GIC .................................................. 119
g. HM X L VN BN V D LIU ............................................... 136
Chng 4: Khai Thc C S D Liu .................................................................. 156
4.1. Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) .................................................................... 156
Sp xp ......................................................................................................... 156
Lc d liu ................................................................................................... 158
4.2 PivotTable v PivotChart .......................................................................... 159
4.2.1 Gii thiu PivotTable v PivotChart ..................................................... 159
To mt bo co PivotTable n gin ......................................................... 159
4.2.2 Tm hiu d liu ngun ca PivotTable ................................................ 175
4.2.3 S dng cc cng c ca PivotTable v nh dng PivotTable ............ 192
Chng 5: Th Trong Excel ............................................................................ 207
5.1 Gii thiu th ........................................................................................ 207
5.2. V th ................................................................................................... 208
5.3. Cc thao tc trn th ............................................................................ 213
a. Nhn bit cc thnh phn trn th ....................................................... 213
Cc thnh phn thng dng ......................................................................... 213
Mt s thnh phn ch c trong th 3-D .................................................. 214
b. Cc thao tc vi th ............................................................................. 214
Chn thnh phn trn th ........................................................................ 214
Di chuyn th ........................................................................................... 215
Sao chp th ............................................................................................. 215
Xa th..................................................................................................... 216
Thm cc thnh phn ca th .................................................................. 216
Sp xp v xa cc thnh phn ca th ................................................... 216
In th ........................................................................................................ 216
c. Hiu chnh v nh dng th ................................................................ 217
Hiu chnh Chart Area ................................................................................. 217
Hiu chnh Flot Area ................................................................................... 219
Hiu chnh tiu th, ch thch, tiu trc honh v trc tung, ..... 219
Hiu chnh ng li ngang v dc .......................................................... 221
d. Cc thao tc vi chui s liu trong th .............................................. 226
Xa bt mt chui s liu khi th ......................................................... 226
Thm chui mi vo th .......................................................................... 226
Thay i chui s liu .................................................................................. 227
Thm ng xu hng vo th ............................................................... 229
Chng 6: nh Dng Trang V In Bng Tnh .................................................... 230
6.1. Cc ch hin th trang trong Excel ...................................................... 230
6.2. Thit lp thng s cho trang in ................................................................ 231
6.3. Thit lp thng s hp thoi Print ............................................................ 238
6.4. Cc lu khc ......................................................................................... 240
Chng 7: Lm Vic Vi Macro, Templates ....................................................... 240
7.1 Macro ........................................................................................................ 240
Ghi mt Macro ............................................................................................. 241
Thc thi Macro ............................................................................................ 242
Chng 8: Phm Tt V Th Thut ...................................................................... 243
8.1 Phm Tt .................................................................................................... 243
a. Truy cp Ribbon bng bn phm ................................................................. 243
b. Phm tt ....................................................................................................... 244
8.2 Th thut ................................................................................................... 248
1. Dch s tin v ch (Chuyn s thnh ch) ............................................. 248
2. Giu bng tnh Excel chuyn nghip ....................................................... 254
3. Kha v bo v nhng c cha cng thc ............................................ 255
4. S dng Data-Validation khi danh sch ngun nm trong mt Sheet khc
262
5. iu khin Conditional Formating bng checkbox. ................................ 266
6. nh du nhng cha cng thc bng Conditional Formatting ........... 273
7. S dng chc nng thay th (Replace) g b cc k t khng mong
mun................................................................................................................ 274
8. Chuyn i con s dng vn bn sang s thc ........................................ 276
9. Tng thm s ln Undo cho Excel ........................................................... 278
10. Tch h v tn trong cng mt ct trn bng tnh Excel ......................... 282
11. To mc lc trong Excel .......................................................................... 284

I. Nhng im mi trong Microsoft Excel 2010
1. Chc nng Backstage View
Giao din ribbon ca Office 2010 c a vo tt c cc ng dng trong gi
Office 2010.
Cng c Backstage View c truy cp qua phm Office (gc trn bn tri), h tr
s dng cc tc v nh lu ti liu hoc in n.

Thanh nh hng bn tri ca Backstage View cha nhiu lnh, nh cho php ai
sa ti liu, kch c file...
Thm tnh nng Sparkline

Excel lun c d liu th v biu rt phong ph m t d liu v xu
hng. Vi Excel 2010, Microsoft b sung thm mt tnh nng mi -
Sparklines. Tnh nng ny cho php ngi dng t mt th c nh (mini) hay
mt dng nhn nh khuynh hng trong mt (cell). Sparklines l cch nhanh
nht v n gin nht thm thnh phn th hin th vo mt cell.


Sparkline l cch hu ch thm mt yu t trc quan nhanh v gn.
Tnh nng Slicers
Slicers l mt trong nhng tnh nng trong Excel 2010 c th gip bn gii thch
d liu ca bn d dng hn. Mt cch nhanh chng, bn c ci nhnh trc quan
su thng qua s lng ln d liu.

V d, bn c th s dng Slicers lc thng qua cc d liu ca bn v c th
nhanh chng tm thy nhng thng tin c lin quan
Khi d liu trong bng tr (Pivot Table) thay i, Slicer s t ng c cp nht.
nh dng d liu c iu kin
Chc nng conditional format mi bao gm nhi kiu nh dng v icons v kh
nng t sng ch nhng mc c ch nh nh gi tr ln nht, nh nht .. vi ch
1 c click chut
y l chc nng rt hay trong Excel 2010. Nu bn c mt bng vi nhiu s liu
khc nhau, thng thng nh gi d liu, chng ta thng dng cc hm rt
trch v lc d liu. Tuy nhin, vi chc nng ny, bn khng cn dng hm, cng
khng cn ly d liu ra khi bng m vn c th nh gi chnh xc d liu qua
cch lm ni bt cc theo mt iu kin nh sn. Thc hin nh sau: qut chn
mt ct hoc dng d liu cn nh gi, sau bm nt Conditional Formatting,
mt menu hin ra vi cc ty chn:
Kiu nh gi sng lc:
Kiu nh gi ny s sng lc d liu ca bn ngay ti trong bng ch khng phi
trch ring ra ngoi nh cc phin bn Excel trc y. Chng trnh thc hin
sng lc ti ch bng cch lm ni bt ln nhng ng vi iu kin hoc quy
lut do bn quy nh. Sau y l hai nhm quy lut chnh:
Highlight Cells Rules: lm ni bt cc theo mt trong cc iu kin: Greater
Than... (ln hn), Less Than... (nh hn), Equal To (bng) mt gi tr so snh no
, Between (gia 2 gi tr), Text that Contains ( ch c cha chui k t quy
nh), A Date Occurring (theo qung thi gian), Duplicate Values ( d liu trng
nhau).
Khi bn chn xong mt iu kin lm ni bt, s xut hin mt hp thoi yu cu
bn nhp gi tr cn so snh v mu t ni bt cho ph hp vi iu kin so snh
. Xong, bn bm OK chng trnh thc thi trong bng tnh.
- Top/Bottom Rules: quy lut ny gm cc iu kin: Top 10 Items (nh du 10
c gi tr ln nht), Top 10% (nh du 10% s c gi tr ln nht), tng t
vi Bottom 10 Items v Bottom 10%, Above Average ( c gi tr ln hn gi tr
trung bnh ca ct/hng), Below Average ( c gi tr nh hn gi tr trung bnh
ca ct/hng). Khi bn chn nh gi theo d liu hng Top hoc Bottom, mt hp
thoi yu cu bn nhp s cn lm ni, chng hn nh Top 10 hay 20, Top 10%
hay 20%... l ty bn tinh chnh, sau bm OK hon tt.
Kiu nh gi hin th mc :
- Data Bars: bn bm chn kiu nh gi ny, chn mt mu ng trong menu
hin ra. Khi , trong vng d liu ca bn s xut hin ct mu nh gi mc
d liu gip bn d dng so snh cng nh nhn ra s tng gim ca s liu nhp
vo. Ct mu cng di th s liu ca bn cng c gi tr cao, ngc li l nhng
gi tr thp.
- Color Scales: kiu nh gi ny s t mu cho cc d liu theo 3 mu khc
nhau, ng vi mi mu l mc thp, trung bnh v mc cao. Khi chn nhm
Color Scales, bn hy chn mt nhm mu bn thch trong menu hin ra v s thy
chng trnh p dng ln vng chn ca bn. Bn cng c th to quy lut mu
theo mnh bng cch chn Color Scales > More Rules.
- Icon Sets: bm chn Icon Sets, chn mt nhm biu tng mong mun, chng
trnh s t ng t cc biu tng trc d liu ca bn, gip bn c ci nhn
trc quan v bng tnh.
V d du biu th s liu mc cao nht, du biu th s liu mc trung bnh,
v du biu th s liu thp di c mc trung bnh, ng bo ng. Mi biu
tng ng vi mt mc , chng trnh s t ng tnh ton gi tr trung bnh ca
ton ct hoc dng ang so snh v tin hnh t biu tng thch hp vo tng
theo gi tr phn trm m t c so vi mc chung ca c ct hoc dng.
Bn c th nh li quy lut nh gi ny bng cch chn More Rules trong nhm
Icon Sets.
Ngoi nhng kiu nh dng c iu kin trn, bn c th to ring cho mnh
nhng quy lut nh gi khc bng cch bm nt Conditional Formatting > New
Rule, tuy nhin vic ny rt mt thi gian. Tt nht bn nn s dng nhng quy
lut c sn m Excel cung cp rt y cho bn. Khi bn khng va vi cc
nh dng chn, xa chng m khng mt d liu, bn bm Conditional
Formatting > Clear Rules, chn mt trong cc kiu xa nh Clear Rules from:
Selected Cells (ch xa trong ct chn), Entire Sheet (xa trong c sheet), This
Table (ch xa trong bng ang x l).
C th ni nhm cng c nh dng ny ca Excel 2010 rt th v, n cho php
chng ta to ra nhng bng tnh c trnh by rt khoa hc v bt mt. c bit
nht l tnh t ng cao, giao din bng tnh p v kh nng nh gi, sng lc d
liu chun xc v c o. Chc chn khi s dng chc nng ny, bn s thy hng
th hn rt nhiu khi x l d liu v tnh ton trong Excel.
PivotTables v PivotCharts
Ging nh PivotTables, PivotCharts cng c thc hin mt cch d dng trong
giao din mi ny. Tt c nhng ci thin mi v vic lc c cung cp cho
PivotCharts. Khi bn to mt PivotChart, cc cng c PivotChart c bit v cc
menu ni dung c cung cp bn c th phn tch d liu trong biu . Bn
cng c th thay i layout, style v nh dng ca biu hoc cc thnh phn
khc ca n theo cng mt cch m bn c th thc hin cho cc biu thng
thng. Trong Office Excel 2010, vic nh dng biu m bn p dng c
duy tr khi thay i sang PivotChart, iu ny l mt b sung nng cp theo
cch m n lm vic trong cc phin bn Excel trc y.
Share Workbook

Microsoft Excel 2010 c th tch hp vi SharePoint cung cp cc cng c
qun l ni dung d hiu, thun tin cho vic chia s kinh nghim, tri thc, nng
cao nng sut lm vic nhm.
I. Ni dung chnh
Chng 1: Lm Quen Vi Microsoft Excel
1.1 Gii thiu Excel
Excel l g:
Microsoft Excel l mt phn mm hay l mt chng trnh ng dng, m khi chyr
chng trnh ng dng ny s to ra mt bng tnh v bng tnh ny gip ta d
dng hn trong vic thc hin:
Tnh ton i s, phn tch d liu
Lp bng biu bo co, t chc danh sch
Truy cp cc ngun d liu khc nhau
V th v cc s
T ng ha cc cng vic bng cc macro
V nhiu ng dng khc gip chng ta c th phn tch nhiu loi hnh bi
ton khc nhau.
Workbook: Trong Excel, mt workbook l mt tp tin m trn bn lm vic
(tnh ton, v th, ) v lu tr d liu. V mi workbook c th cha nhiu
sheet (bng tnh), do vy bn c th t chc, lu tr nhiu loi thng tin c lin
quan vi nhau ch trong mt tp tin (file). Mt workbook cha rt nhiu worksheet
hay chart sheet ty thuc vo b nh my tnh ca bn.
Worksheet: Cn gi tt l sheet, l ni lu tr v lm vic vi d liu, n cn
c gi l bng tnh. Mt worksheet cha nhiu (cell), cc c t chc thnh
cc ct v cc dng. Worksheet c cha trong workbook. Mt Worksheet cha
c 16,384 ct v 1,048,576 dng (phin bn c ch cha c 256 ct v 65,536
dng).
Chart sheet: Cng l mt sheet trong workbook, nhng n ch cha mt th.
Mt chart sheet rt hu ch khi bn mun xem ring l tng th.
Sheet tabs: Tn ca cc sheet s th hin trn cc tab t ti gc tri di ca
ca s workbook. di chuyn t sheet ny sang sheet khc ta ch vic nhp chut
vo tn sheet cn n trong thanh sheet tab.

Cc thnh phn ca Workbook
Excel 2010 dng nh dng tp tin mc nh l .XLSX (da trn chun XML
gip vic trao i d liu gia cc ng dng c d dng hn) thay cho nh dng
chun trc y l .XLS.

Giao din Excel
Nt lnh Office cha cc lnh rt thng hay s dng nh to tp tin mi, m
tp tin, lu tp tin, v danh mc cc tp tin m trc . Nt lnh Office
ging nh thc n File ca cc phin bn trc.
Chng ta c th ch bin thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh cha cc lnh m ta
hay s dng nht. Nhn vo m danh mc cc lnh v vo cc lnh cn
cho hin ln thanh lnh truy cp nhanh. Nu cc nt lnh y cn qu t bn c
th nhn chn More Commands m ca s iu ch thanh lnh truy cp
nhanh.

Cc lnh trong thc n Office

Bng la chn lnh truy cp nhanh

Hp thoi ch bin thanh cc lnh truy cp nhanh
Ribbon l g?
Ribbon: Excel 2010 thay i giao din ngi dng t vic s dng cc thanh thc
n truyn thng thnh cc cm lnh d dng truy cp c trnh by ngay trn
mn hnh gi l Ribbon. C cc nhm Ribbon chnh: Home, Insert, Page Layout,
Formulas, Data, Reviews, View, Developer, Add-Ins.

Thanh cng c Ribbon
Home: L ni cha cc nt lnh c s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh lm
vic nh: ct, dn, sao chp, nh dng ti liu, cc kiu mu c sn, chn hay xa
dng hoc ct, sp xp, tm kim, lc d liu,
Insert: Chn cc loi i tng vo bng tnh nh: bng biu, v s , th,
k hiu,
Page Layout: Cha cc nt lnh v vic hin th bng tnh v thit lp in n.
Formulas: Chn cng thc, t tn vng (range),
cng c kim tra theo di cng thc, iu khin vic tnh ton ca Excel.
Data: Cc nt lnh thao i vi d liu trong v ngoi Excel, cc danh sch,
phn tch d liu,
Review: Cc nt lnh kim li chnh t, h tr dch t, thm ch thch vo cc
, cc thit lp bo v bng tnh.
View: Thit lp cc ch hin th ca bng tnh nh: phng to, thu nh, chia
mn hnh,
Developer: Tab ny mc nh c n v n ch hu dng cho cc lp trnh
vin, nhng ngi c hiu bit v VBA. m nhm ny nhn vo nt Office
Excel Options Popular Chn Show Developer tab in the Ribbon.
Add-Ins: Tab ny ch xut hin khi Excel m mt tp tin c s dng cc tin
ch b sung, cc hm b sung,
S dng thc n ng cnh (shortcut menu)
Khi mun thc hin mt thao tc no trn i tng (, vng, bng biu, th,
hnh v) trong bng tnh, bn hy nhp phi chut ln i tng . Lp tc mt
thanh thc n hin ra cha cc lnh thng dng c th hiu chnh hay p dng
cho i tng m bn chn.

Thc n ng cnh
1.2. M Excel, ng Excel, phng to, thu nh ca s
1.2.1. M Excel
Thao tc:
B1. T mn hnh (ca s) chnh ca Windows nhp chut nt Start gc di bn
tri
B2. Di chuyn chut ln trn n ch All Programs, ri di chuyn chut sang phi
chn Microsoft Office, sau di chuyn chut n ch Microsoft Office Excel
2010 th dng li.
B3. Nhp chut vo biu tng khi ng Excel.
Phng to, thu nh ca s Excel

Cc nt iu khin ca s Excel
Thu nh ca s Excel
Thao tc ny ch thc hin c khi ca s ang m to Nhp chut chut vo nt
gc trn cng bn phi. Khi ca s Excel s c thu gn li thnh mt
biu tng trn thanh Taskbar ca Windows bn cnh nt Start.
Phng to ca s Excel
Thao tc:
Thao tc ny ch thc hin c khi ca s ang b thu nh
Nhp chut vo biu tng thu gn ca Excel trn thanh
Taskbar bn pha di mn hnh
Thot khi Excel
Thao tc:
Nhp chut vo nt gc trn cng bn phi thot khi Excel. Hoc cng c
th thot Excel bng cch nhn nt Office chn Exit Excel.
1.3. Thao tc vi v vng
Nhn dng v vng (cells, range)
a ch mt trong Excel c xc nh bi tiu ct v s th t ca dng. Mt
vng trong bng tnh c xc nh bng a ch ca gc trn bn tri ca vng
v a ch gc di bn phi ca vng (c du : phn cch). c bit, a ch ca
c mt ct hoc dng c xc nh l <tn ct>:<tn ct> (v d ct A th c
xc nh ngn gn l A:A) v <s dng>:<s dng> (v d a ch ca c mt dng
4 l 4:4).
V d: Hnh bn di hin hnh c a ch l B11 v n c tiu ct l B v s
dng l 11, vng c bao bi nt chm t c a ch l H2:H12 v u tin ca
vng c a ch l H2 v cui ca vng l H12.

a ch v vng
Chn vng
Nu dng chut, trc tin bn dng chut di chuyn hin hnh n gc trn bn
tri ca vng cn chn, sau gi tri chut ko xung di qua phi n v tr
cui cng ca vng v th chut. Nu dng phm th sau khi chn u tin bn
gi phm Shift trong khi nhn phm v n cui ca vng v th cc
phm. (Bn cng c th lm ngc li l chn cui ca vng trc v ko chn
n u tin).
Khi mun chn c sheet hin hnh th nhn <Ctrl+A>, cn mun chn c
workbook (ngha l chn tt c cc sheet) th nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab
v chn Select All Sheets.
Sao chp v di chuyn vng
Sao chp (copy) gip ta nhn bn mt vng no n mt ni no trong bng
tnh v d liu gc cn nguyn, cn di chuyn vng th cng nh sao chp nhng
d liu gc s c di di n v tr mi. sao chp hay di chuyn trc tin bn
phi chn vng cn sao chp hay di chuyn, sau c th dng nt lnh, phm tt
hay dng chut thc hin:
Dng Ribbon: Chn vng Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt
hay (Copy hay Cut), n ni ch v Home nhm Clipboard nhn nt
(Paste). Bn c th gi cc lnh trn t thc n ng cnh nhp phi
chut.
Chut: Chn vng gi tri chut v gi thm phm Ctrl nu l sao chp
(khng gi thm phm Ctrl s l lnh di chuyn) ko chut ti ni ch cn sao
chp hay di chuyn n v th chut.
Dn c bit (Paste Special)
Trong qu trnh sao chp i khi chng ta cn dn ni dung sao chp hay ct t
b nh vo vi mt s chn lc no , khi thay v dng lnh Paste bn hy s
dng Paste Special Sau khi chn vng, ra lnh Copy, n ch cn sao chp n
v nhp phi chut, chn lnh Paste Special. hp thoi Paste Special c mt s
la chn nh bng sau:

Gii thch hp thoi Paste Special
Hng mc M t
All Dn c gi tr v nh dng ca vng ngun
Formulas Dn gi tr v cng thc, khng nh dng
Values Ch dn gi tr v kt qu ca cng thc, khng nh dng
Formats Ch dn vo nh dng, b qua tt c gi tr v cng thc
Comments Ch dn vo ch thch ca cc , b qua tt c gi tr v
cng thc
Validation Ch dn vo cc qui nh xc thc d liu cho vng ch
All using source
theme
Dn vo mi th v dng mu nh dng t vng ngun
All except borders Dn vo mi th v loi b cc khung vin
Column widths Ch dn vo thng tin qui nh chiu rng ct
Formulas and
number formats
Dn vo gi tr, cng thc v cc nh dng gc ca cc con
s, cc nh dng khc b loi b.
Values and number
formats
Dn vo gi tr, kt qu ca cng thc v cc nh dng gc
ca cc con s.
None Khng km theo vic tnh ton no trn d liu sp dn vo
Add Cng cc gi tr ca vng ngun vo cc tng ng
vng ch
Subtract Cc mang gi tr ca vng ch s tr i cc tng ng
ca vng ngun.
Multiply Cc mang gia tr ca vng ch s nhn vi cc tng
ng ca vng ngun.
Divide Cc mang gia tr ca vng ch s chia cho cc tng
ng ca vng ngun
Skip blanks . Khng dn cc rng vng ngun vo c gi tr
vng ch
Transpose Dn vo v o dng thnh ct hoc ngc li
Paste Link Dn vo v tham chiu ch n ngun

t tn vng
Vic t tn vng c li rt ln trong qu trnh thao thc v x l tnh ton nh:
vng c gn tn s gip gi nh v d hiu cng dng ca n hn l cc a ch
n thun, t tn gip vic tham chiu tnh ton t sai st hn v di chuyn hay
chn cc vng c t tn rt nhanh chng t Name box (hoc dng Go to
F5). Tn di ti a 255 k t khng cha khong trng v du chm, tn phi
bt u l k t khng c bt u l s, tn khng c t ging cc a ch
tham chiu. t tn trc tin ta chn vng cn t tn chn nhm
Formulas Defined Names Define Name, hp thoi New Name hin ra.
y, bn hy nhp tn vng vo hp Name chn Scope, nhp ch thch nu cn,
xong th nhn OK. Ngoi ra bn cn c th t tn trc tip t hp Name box hoc
t tn cho vng chn t Formulas Defined Names Create from Selection
hoc dng thc n ng cnh.

Mun m hp thoi qun l cc tn t bn vo nhm Formulas Defined
Names Name Manager. T hp thoi bn c th t tn mi, hiu chnh thng
tin cho cc tn hin hoc xa tn ca cc vng khng dng n,
Thm ch thch cho
hm ch thch vo cc gip cho vic hiu chnh v hiu thng tin m ang cha
c r rng hn. thm ch thch v , chn chn nhm Review
Comments New Comment v hy nhp ch thch vo. Ngoi ra bn c th
nhp phi chut ln cn ch thch v chn Insert Comment.
c ch thch ch cn r chut ln c ch thch hoc vo Review
Comments Next hay Previous.
n/ hin ch thch vo Review Comments Show All Comments (n/
hin tt c) hoc Show/ Hide Comment (n/ hin ch thch ang chn).
Hiu chnh ch thch vo chn cn hiu chnh ch thch Review
Comments Edit Comment. Ngoi ra nhanh bn c th nhp phi chut
v chn Edit Comment t thc n ng cnh.
Xa ch thch vo chn cn xa ch thch Review Comments
Delete. Hoc nhp phi chut v chn Delete Comment.

Minh ha cho hin cc ch thch
Chn, xa , dng v ct
Chng ta c th chn thm cc vo bn tri hoc bn trn ca hin hnh trong
worksheet v dch chuyn cc ang chn qua phi hoc xung di. Tng t, ta
c th chn thm cc dng bn trn, chn thm cc ct vo bn tri v c th xa i
cc , cc dng v ct.
Chn trng
B1. Chn cc m bn mun chn cc trng vo (mun chn cc khng
lin tc th gi Ctrl trong khi chn cc ).
B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Cells B3. Chn la chn
ph hp trong hp thoi Insert
Chn dng
B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu dng lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mun chn s
dng tng ng pha trn cc dng ny.
B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Rows


Minh ha chn cc dng trng ln trn cc dng ang chn
Chn ct
B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu ct lin tc hoc cch khong m bn mun chn s ct
tng ng pha bn tri cc ct ny.
B2. Chn Home chn nhm Cells Insert Insert Sheet Columns
Xa cc , dng v ct
B1. Chn cc , cc dng hoc cc ct cn xa
B2. Chn Home Cells Delete chn kiu xa ph hp (xem hnh)

Thay i rng ct v chiu cao dng
Trong worksheet ta c th qui nh rng ct t 0 n 255, y chnh l s k t
c th hin th trong mt dng. rng mc nh ca ct l 8.43 k t, khi rng
l 0 th ct c n i. Tng t, chiu cao ca dng qui nh t 0 n 409, y l
n v o lng bng im (point: 1 point = 1/72 inch). Chiu cao mc nh ca
dng l 12.75 point, khi chiu cao l 0 th dng b n i. Cc bc iu chnh dng
ct:
B1. Chn dng hoc ct cn iu chnh chiu cao hoc rng
B2. Chn Home Cells Format Chn lnh ph hp
Row Height chn lnh ny qui nh chiu cao ca dng
AutoFit Row Height chn lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh chiu cao dng cho
ph hp vi ni dung.
Column Width chn lnh ny qui nh rng ct
AutoFit Column Width chn lnh ny Excel s t canh chnh rng ct cho
ph hp vi ni dung.
Default Width chn lnh ny khi bn mun qui nh li rng mc nh
cho worksheet hay c workbook. Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct
cho c worksheet hay c workbook bng cch chn c worksheet hay c workbook
trc khi thc hin lnh. Ngoi cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh
trn, ta cn c th dng chut thao tc nhanh hn. Mun thay i rng ct
no hy r chut n pha bn phi tiu ct cho xut hin k hiu v ko
chut v bn phi tng hoc ko v bn tri gim rng ct. Tng t,
mun thay i chiu cao dng no hy r chut n bn di s th t dng cho
xut hin k hiu v ko chut ln trn gim hoc ko xung di tng chiu
cao dng.

Ta c th qui nh chiu cao dng v rng ct cho c worksheet hay c
workbook bng cch chn c worksheet hay c workbook trc khi thc hin lnh.
Ngoi cch thay i chiu cao dng v rng ct nh trn, ta cn c th dng
chut thao tc nhanh hn. Mun thay i rng ct no hy r chut n pha
bn phi tiu ct cho xut hin k hiu v ko chut v bn phi tng
hoc ko v bn tri gim rng ct. Tng t, mun thay i chiu cao dng
no hy r chut n bn di s th t dng cho xut hin k hiu v ko
chut ln trn gim hoc ko xung di tng chiu cao dng.

Ni (Merge) v b ni cc (Split)
Ni nhiu thnh mt
Khi ni nhiu thnh mt , nu tt c cc u c d liu th bn cn chuyn ht
d liu ln gc trn cng bn tri ca nhm cn merge v ch c d liu ca
ny c gi li, d liu ca cc khc s b xa.
B1. Chn cc cn ni li.
B2. Chn Home Alignment chn Merge & Center. canh chnh d liu
trong dng cc nt canh chnh trong nhm Algnment.

Chuyn mt ni v li nhiu
Sau khi chuyn ni v li nhiu th ni dung s hin ti gc trn cng
bn tri.
B1. Chn ang b ni.
B2. Chn Home Alignment chn li Merge & Center hoc Unmerge Cells
u c.
1.4. Di chuyn trong bng tnh v s dng phm tt
Bn c th dng chut, cc phm , thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang,
sheet tab, cc t hp phm tt di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet hay i n cc
ni bt k trong bng tnh.
Thanh cun dc, thanh cun ngang
Thanh cun dc v thanh cun ngang c gi chung l cc thanh cun (scroll
bars). Bi v mn hnh Excel ch c th hin th (cho xem) mt phn ca bng tnh
ang thao tc, nn ta phi dng thanh cun dc xem phn bn trn hay bn di
bng tnh v dng thanh cun ngang xem phn bn tri hay bn phi ca bng
tnh.
Thanh cun dc l thanh di nht, nm dc bn l phi; hai u c hai mi
tn ln v mi tn xung; gia c thanh trt cun mn hnh ln xung.
Thanh cun ngang l thanh nm ngang, th hai t di mn hnh m ln. C
hnh dng ging thanh cun dc, ch khc l nm ngang.

Thanh cun ngang
Thao tc:
Nhp chut vo mi tn sang tri cun mn hnh i sang tri.
Nhp chut vo mi tn sang phi cun mn hnh sang phi.
Thanh Sheet tab
di chuyn qua li gia cc sheet ta nhp chut ln tn ca sheet trn thanh sheet
tab. Ngoi ra chng ta c th dng <Ctrl + Page Up> di chuyn n sheet lin
trc sheet hin hnh v <Ctrl+Page Down> di chuyn n sheet lin sau sheet
hin hnh. tr v sheet u tin bn nhp chut v nt trn thanh sheet tab
v n sheet cui cng th bn nhp chut vo nt trn thanh sheet tab. Nu
mun n mt sheet no trong trng hp c qu nhiu sheet th bn hy nhp
phi chut vo thanh v chn tn sheet cn n.

S dng cc t hp phm tt di chuyn
n c ni cn thit trong bng tnh ngoi vic dng chut cun cc thanh
cun ngang v dc, cc phm mi tn th bn nn nh cc t hp phm bng bn
di gip di chuyn c nhanh hn.

Nhn phm Di chuyn
hoc Tab Sang bn phi
hoc Shift + Tab Sang bn tri
Ln dng
Xung dng
Home n ct A ca dng hin hnh
Ctrl + Home n a ch A1 trong worksheet
Cc phm tt di chuyn nhanh trong bng tnh
Ctrl + End n a ch c cha d liu sau cng trong worksheet
Alt + Page Up Di chuyn hin hnh qua tri mt mn hnh
Alt + Page Down Di chuyn hin hnh qua phi mt mnh hnh
Page Up Di chuyn hin hnh ln trn mt mn hnh
Page Down Di chuyn hin hnh xung di mt mn hnh
F5 M hp thoi Go To
End + hoc Ctrl +

n bn phi u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng
End + hoc Ctrl +

n bn tri u tin m trc hoc sau n l trng
End + hoc Ctrl + Ln pha trn u tin m trn hoc di n l trng
End + hoc Ctrl +
Xung pha di u tin m trn hoc di n l
trng
Ctrl + Page Up Di chuyn n sheet pha trc sheet hin hnh
Ctrl + Page Down Di chuyn n sheet pha sau sheet hin hnh
1.5 Thao tc vi workbook
To mi workbook
Chn nt Office New, mt hp thoi hin ra (xem hnh bn di) cung cp
nhiu la chn to workbook nh: workbook trng, workbook theo mu dng
sn, workbook da trn mt workbook c. to workbook trng, bn chn
Blank workbook v nhp nt Create.
M workbook c sn trn a
Mt tp tin c sn c th c m bng nhiu cch:
1. Chn nt Office chn tn tp tin trong danh sch Recent Documents,
c th c ti a 50 tn tp tin c s dng gn y nht trong danh sch
ny ( iu chnh th nhn vo nt Office Excel Options Advance
phn Display Show this number of Recent Documents ).
2. Dng trnh qun l tp tin nh Windows Explorer, tm n ni lu tr tp
tin v nhp chut hai ln ln tn tp tin.
3. Chn nt Office Open, hp thoi Open hin ra. Trong hp thoi
Open, chng ta phi tm n ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v chn tn tp
tin cn m sau nhn nt Open m tp tin. Cc ty chn ca nt Open
trong hp thoi Open: Open (m bnh thng), Open Read-Only (Khng
lu c nhng thay i), Open as Copy (To bn sao ca tp tin v m
ra), Open in Browser (M tp tin bng trnh duyt web mc nh), Open
and Repair (Rt hu dng trong trng hp tp tin b li).

Lu workbook
t iu cn lu khi lm vic trn my tnh l cc bn phi nh thc hin lnh lu
li cng vic thc hin thng xuyn. Vic ra lnh lu tr khng tn nhiu thi
gian nhng nu my b hng hay cp in t ngt c th mt tong c gi lm vic
ca bn. Nhm an ton cho d liu, bn nn bt tnh nng Auto Recover, Excel s
t ng thc hin lnh lu theo thi gian qui nh (mc nh l 10 pht lu mt
ln). s dng tnh nng Auto Recover bn chn nt Office Excel Options
Save, sau nh du chn vo Save AutoRecover information
every minutes.
Mt s cch lu workbook:
1. Chn nt Office Save
2. Nhp chut ln nt trn thanh lnh truy cp nhanh (Quick Access Tollbar).
3. Dng t hp phm <Ctrl+S> hoc <Shift+F12>.
Nu tp tin c lu trc ri th Excel s lu tip cc phn cp nht, cn
nu l tp tin c ra lnh lu ln u th hp thoi Save As hin ra. Trong hp
thoi Save As, bn hy chn ni lu tr tp tin (ti Look In) v t tn cho tp tin
ti hp File name, chn kiu tp tin ti Save as type v sau nhn nt Save
lu tr.

Minh ha lu tp tin
Qui tt t tn: t tn tp tin Excel dng chung qui tt t tn tp tin ca
Windows. Tn tp tin c th di ti 255 k t bao gm c khong trng. Tuy nhin
trong tn tp tin khng c dng cc k hiu nh: \ ? : * < > |
bo mt tp tin, chng ta c th gn mt m bo v, khi cn phi bit
mt m mi c php m tp tin (tr nhng cch t o!).
B1. Nhn nt Office Save As, hp thoi Save As hin ra.
B2. Nhn nt Tools chn General Options, hp thoi General Options hin
ra
B3. Nhp mt m m v hiu chnh workbook (hai mt m ny nn khc nhau
tng bo mt). Sau nhn nt OK
B4. Xc nhn li mt m m workbook. Sau nhn nt OK
B5. Xc nhn li mt m hiu chnh workbook. Sau nhn nt OK
B6. Nhn nt Save hon tt.

Dng mt m bo v workbook
Cc ty chn trong hp General Options: Always create backup (to bn sao c
ui *.xlk trc khi gn mt m), Password to Open (mt m m workbook),
Password to modify (mt m cp nht ni dung workbook), Read-only
recommended (m di dng ch c).
ng workbook
Mt s cch ng workbook:
1. Chn nt Office Close
2. Dng chut chn nt gc trn bn phi (trn thanh tiu ).
3. Dng t hp phm <Ctrl+F4> hoc <Ctrl+W>. Nu workbook c s thay i
ni dung th Excel s nhc bn lu li cc thay i .
Sp xp workbook
Chi m nhiu workbook cng lc v cn tham kho qua li, thun tin ta nn
sp xp li: R chut nhn vo nhm lnh View chn nt Arrange All
Chn kiu b tr thch hp.

Sp xp cc workbook trong ca s Excel
1.6. Thao tc vi worksheet
Chn thm worksheet mi vo workbook
C nhiu cch thc hin:
1. Nhn vo nt trn thanh sheet tab
2. Dng t hp phm <Shift+F11> chn sheet mi vo trc sheet hin hnh.
3. Nhn chn nhm Home n nhm Cells Insert Insert sheet
4. Nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v chn Insert, hp thoi Insert hin ra,
chn Worksheet v nhn nt OK. Sheet mi s chn vo trc sheet hin hnh.

Minh ha chn sheet mi
i tn worksheet
Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn i tn thanh sheet tab, chn Rename, g tn
mi vo, xong nhn phm Enter. Tn sheet c th di ti 31 k t v c th dng
khong trng, tuy nhin khng c dng cc k hiu t tn nh: : / \ ? *
Xa worksheet
Mun xa work sheet, bn lm theo cc cch sau:
1. Chn sheet mun xa chn nhm Home chn nhm Cells Delete
Delete sheet
2. Nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mun xa sau chn Delete, xc nhn xa OK.
Sp xp th t cc worksheet
C nhiu cch thc hin sp xp worksheet nh:
1. Nhp tri chut ln tn sheet cn sp xp v gi chut ko n v tr mi v th
chut.
2. Khi c qu nhiu sheet th dng cch ny, nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn sp
xp, chn Move or Copy. hp thoi Move or Copy hin ra. Hy nhp chn ln
tn sheet trong danh sch m bn mun di chuyn sheet n trc n, sau nhn
OK.

Sao chp worksheet
Nhp phi chut ln sheet, chn Move or Copy chn v tr t bn sao trong
vng Before sheet nh du chn vo hp Creat a copy nhn nt OK.
Ngoi ra sao chp nhanh bn nhn gi phm Ctrl ri dng chut chn ln tn
sheet cn sao chp gi tri chut r n v tr t bn sao trn thanh sheet tab
th tri chut.
sao chp nhiu sheet cng lc cng lm tng t nhng phi chn nhiu
sheet trc khi thc hin lnh. chn c nhiu sheet bn hy gi phm <Ctrl +
nhp chut> chn sheet.
chp mt hay nhiu sheet sang mt workbook khc, bn hy m workbook
ln sau thc hin lnh Move or Copy v nh chn tn workbook ch ti
To book (nu chn workbook ch (new book) th s sao chp cc sheet n mt
workbook mi).
Chn mu cho sheet tab
Vic t mu gip qun l thanh sheet tab c tt hn. t mu cho cc sheet
tab bn ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet cn t mu, tip theo hy chn Tab
Color v chn mu thch hp.

n/ Hin worksheet
Khi bn khng mun ngi khc thy mt hay nhiu sheet no th bn c th n
n i. Khng th n ht cc sheet trong workbook m phi cn li t nht mt sheet
khng b n. Mun n sheet bn ch cn nhp phi chut ln tn sheet mun n v
chn Hide th l sheet c n. Khi mun cho hin tr li mt sheet, bn nhp
phi chut ln thanh Sheet tab v chn Unhide sau chn tn sheet cn cho
hin v nhn nt OK.

1.7 S dng cc ch hin th trong qu trnh thao tc
Trong qu trnh thao tc trn bng tnh i khi chng ta cn phng to hay thu nh
cc ca s c c gc nhn tt hn, hoc xem ni dung ca cng mt
worksheet di nhiu gc khc nhau, hoc chia ca s worksheet thnh nhiu
Tab d dng tham chiu, hay gi c nh tiu mt danh sch di trong khi
cun cc thanh cun,
S dng thanh Zoom
Excel 2010 b tr thanh cng c Zoom dng phng to thu nh khung lm vic
ca bng tnh. Thanh zoom nm ngay gc di bn phi mn hnh v c th gip
thu nh v phng to khung lm vic t 10% n ti 400%, phng to th nhn v nt
du cng cn thu nh th nhn vo nt du tr.

Thanh Zoom
Xem v so snh worksheet trong nhiu ca s
Tnh nng ny c bit hu ch khi bn mun xem mt worksheet hay cc
worksheet trong cng mt workbook di nhiu gc khc nhau, mi mt nhn
bn xem s c gn thm ch s pha sau tn tp tin. Chn nhm View
Window New Window

so snh hai worksheet th sau khi lm bc trn bn chn tip nhm View
Window View Side by Side. Khi s dng chc nng ny khi bn cun
thanh cun ca s ny th ca s kia cng c cun theo. tt tnh nng cun
ng thi ny bn vo View Window Synchronous Scrolling (nu n ang
bt).
Chia khung bng tnh lm nhiu phn v c nh vng tiu
Tnh nng rt hay c dng khi thao tc trn cc danh sch di hoc trong tnh
ton cn phi thc hin nhiu vic tham chiu. chia ca s bng tnh: t
hin hnh ti vi tr cn chia trn bng tnh, sau chn View Window Split.
b khung bng tnh th nhn nt Split li mt ln na hoc nhp chut 2 ln ln
ng chia dc v ngang. Ngoi ra, u ca cc thanh cun dc v ngang c mt
ngn nh m khi r chut ln s c biu tng (cng c chia nhanh
khung bng tnh), bn gi tri chut v ko ra ni mun chia trn ca s lm vic
ca bng tnh.

Minh ha chia 4, chia 2 dc, chia 2 ngang
Ngoi vic chia khung lm vic, Excel cn h tr bn c nh mt vng no
trn ca s lm vic v d nh dng tiu ca mt danh sch. Vic c nh ny
rt hu ch v n gip ta lun thy c dng tiu mc d cun mn hnh
xung pha di nhp liu. c nh bn hy t hin hnh ti v tr cn c
nh, sau chn View Window Freeze Panes chn kiu c nh ph
hp. Nu chn:
Freeze Panes: S c nh dng pha trn v ct bn tri hin hnh
Freeze Top Row: C nh dng u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch
Freeze First Column: C nh ct u tin ang nhn thy ca danh sch

Minh ha c nh cc tiu
b c nh th vo View Window Freeze Panes Unfreeze Panes
S dng Watch Window
Tnh nng ny gip ta theo di cc trong qu trnh tnh ton. Bn mun gim st
no th a n vo danh sch gim st ca s ca Watch Window. Gi ca s
Watch Window bn chn nhm Formulas Formula Auditing Watch
Window, sau chn cn theo di v nhn vo nt Add Watch trn ca s
Watch Window.

Ca s Watch Window
Chng 2: Lm vic vi d liu trong Excel
2.1. Nhp liu, hiu chnh
Cc trong bng tnh c th cha cc con s, cc chui vn bn hay cc biu thc
ton hc. Ngoi ra bng tnh cn c th cha cc biu , s , hnh nh, cc
i tng ny khng cha trong m ni trn b mt bng tnh.
Nhp liu
Nhp s, chui, thi gian, ngy thng nm
B1. Trn worksheet, chn cn nhp liu
B2. Nhp vo con s, chui vn bn, ngy thng hay thi gian, m bn cn
B3. Nhp xong nhn Enter ( hin hnh chuyn xung di) hoc Tab ( hin
hnh chuyn qua phi) kt thc.
Lu :
Nu nhp cc con s vo m Excel hin th ##### l do chiu rng ct khng
bn bn tng thm chiu rng ct.
Mc nh Excel s dng du chm (.) phn cch phn s nguyn v phn s
thp phn.
Khi nhp cc con s m cc con s ny khng cn tnh ton th bn nn nh
dng l Text trc khi nhp (Home nhm Number chn Text t danh
sch).
Ngy v thi gian nhp vo th n dng nh dng ngy mc nh trong
Control Panel Regional and Language Options.
Khi nhp ngy dng du / hoc - phn cch, v d 10/05/2007 hoc 10-05-
2007. Khi mun nhp ngy hin ti vo hy g <Ctrl+;>. Khi mun dng nh
dng ngy mc nh cho cha ngy th chn v g <Ctrl+Shift+#>.
Khi nhp thi gian v mun nh dng theo chun 12 gi th thm A hoc P
vo sau thi gian nhp vo, v d 8:30 AM hoc 4:15 PM, nu khng Excel t hiu
l AM. Khi mun nhp thi gian hin ti vo hy g <Ctrl+Shift+;>. Khi mun
dng nh dng thi gian mc nh cho cha thi gian th chn v g
<Ctrl+Shift+@>. Mun nhp cng mt ni dung cho nhiu , bn hy chn cc
v nhp liu vo sau nhn <Ctrl+Enter>. Ngoi ra cn c th s dng chc
nng AutoFill (phn sau). Mun nhp cng ni dung trn cc nhiu sheet, bn
hy chn cc sheet , sau chn cc trn sheet hin hnh, tip theo nhp liu
(c th mt d liu do b nhp ln cc c d liu). b chn cc sheet th
nhp phi chut ln thanh sheet tab v chn Ungroup Sheets.

V d nhp cc loi d liu
Nhp cc k t c bit
B1. Mun nhp k t c bit vo, trc tin chn v n ni cn chn trong .
B2. Chn Insert nhm Text chn Symbol
B3. Trong hp thoi Symbol hy chn k t cn, c th i kiu Font ti hp Font.
B4. Nhn nt Insert chn.

V d chn vo
Hy lnh (Undo), phc hi lnh (Redo), lp li lnh sau cng

hy mt lnh va thc hin bn nhn chut ln nt hay dng phm
<Ctrl+Z>
ang nhp liu vo mun hy th nhn phm ESC
phc hi lnh va hy th nhn nt hay dng phm <Ctrl+Y>
thc hin li lnh sau cng nhn <Ctrl+Y>
Hiu chnh ni dung
Xa ni dung cc B1. Chn mt hoc nhiu cn xa
B2. Nhn Delete trn bn phm (xa cch ny th ch xa ni dung cc nh dng
ca vn cn). Ngoi ra xa bn c th vo Home nhm Editing Clear
( ) v chn cc lnh:
Clear All: Xa tt c ni dung v nh dng
Clear Formats: Ch xa phn nh dng ca
Clear Contents: Ch xa ni dung, cn nh dng
Clear Comments: Ch xa cc ch thch ca nu c
Lu cc lnh trn khng xa c nh dng ca bng (table)
Nhp ln c sn ni dung
Mun nhp ln cc c sn ni dung, trc tin bn hy chn v nhp vo
ni dung mi. Khi , ni dung c ca s mt i v thay bng ni dung va nhp
.
Hiu chnh ni dung cc
Mun hiu chnh ni dung sn c ca bn lm cc cch sau:
1. Nhp chut hai ln ln cn hiu chnh dng chut hoc cc phm mi tn
di chuyn n ni cn hiu chnh dng phm Backspace hoc Delete xa mt
s ni dung sau nhp vo ni dung mi.
2. Chn cn hiu chnh v nhn F2 vo ch hiu chnh v lm tng t nh
trn
3. Chn cn hiu chnh, sau nhp chut vo thanh cng thc (Formula)
S dng cc k thut khi nhp liu
S dng chc nng AutoFill
S dng cng c ny Excel s gip bn in t ng d liu theo cc mu AutoFill
c sn. Ngoi ra bn cn c th to thm cc mu phc v cho cng vic ca mnh.
Danh sach mt s AutoFill co san
Cc gi tr khi u Chui sau khi m rng
1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6
9:00 10:00, 11:00, 12:00
Mon Tue, Wed, Thu
Monday Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday
Jan Feb, Mar, Apr
Jan, Apr Jul, Oct, Jan
Jan-99, Apr-99 Jul-99, Oct-99, Jan-00
15-Jan, 15-Apr 15-Jul, 15-Oct
1999, 2000 2001, 2002, 2003
1-Jan, 1-Mar 1-May, 1-Jul, 1-Sep,...
Qtr3 (or Q3 or Quarter3) Qtr4, Qtr1, Qtr2,...
Product 1, On backorder Product 2, On backorder, Product 3, On
backorder,...
Text1, textA text2, textA, text3, textA,...
1st Period 2nd Period, 3rd Period,...
Product 1 Product 2, Product 3,...

Bn mun in cc s l trong khong t 1 n 25 vo ct A bn lm nh sau:
B1. Chn u tin A1 v nhp vo s 1
B2. Chn tip theo A2 nhp vo s 3 (bc nhy bng 3-1 = 2, Excel s cng s
2 vo cha s l trc c c s l k tip).
B3. Chn hai A1:A2, di chuyn chut xung du vung nh mu en (Fill
handle) gc di bn phi vng chn cho chut bin thnh du cng mu en.
B4. Gi tri chut ko xung pha di cho n khi hin s 25 th dng li.

Khi bn mun in t ng (sao chp) d liu hay cng thc ca hin hnh
cho cc bn tri, bn phi, pha trn hay bn di n th bn lm theo cc cch
sau:
1. Chn hin hnh ang cha d liu hay cng thc cn sao chp, sau gi Fill
handle v ko theo hng bn cn (ln, xung, tri hay phi). Khi d liu hay
biu thc s c sao chp.
2. Chn cha d liu (hay cng thc) cn sao chp v tt c cc cn sao d liu
n, sau vo Home nhm Editing Fill chn hng ph hp (Down,
Right, Up, Left).
T to danh sch AutoFill bn vo nt Office Excel Options Popular
trong phn trong phn Top options for working with Excel chn Edit
Custom Lists hp thoi Custom Lists hin ra. Ti y, bn hy nhp vo danh
sch trong khung List entries, sau khi nhp xong nhn nt Add thm vo
Custom lists v k t lc ny bn c th s dng chc nng AutoFill vi danh sch
t to ca bn.
Mun xa mt danh sch th bn ch cn chn danh sch v nhn nt
Delete.
Nu mun hiu chnh danh sch th chn danh sch v hiu chnh trong
List entries, sau khi hiu chnh xong nhn nt Add.
S dng chc nng Automatic Completion
Chc nng Automatic Completion gip bn nhp cc chui vn bn ging nhau
cc c nhanh chng hn. Tuy nhin, chc nng ny i khi cng lm bn kh
chu, bt tt bn vo nt Office Excel Options chn Tab Advance ti
Editing options Enable AutoComplete for cell values.

S dng chc nng AutoCorrect
AutoCorrect gip bn sa cc li chnh t nhp liu khi nhp bng ting Anh,
ngoi ra n cn gip nhp nhanh cc k hiu hay cc on vn bn lp i lp li.
Chng ta c th thm vo cc cm t m chng ta thng hay dng vo danh sch
ca AutoCorrect. thm t vo danh sch AutoCorrect lm theo cc bc sau:
B1. Chn nt Office Excel Options Proofing AutoCorrect Options
B2. Ti Tab AutoCorrect chn Replace text as you type th chc nng ny mi c
tc dng
B3. Trong hp Replace g cm t thng hay g sai (hoc g vo m tc k)
B4. Trong hp With g cm t ng vo (hoc g vo nguyn bn ca m tc k)
B5. Nhn nt Add thm vo danh sch
hiu chnh mt mc t trong danh sch th chn mc t v g ni dung mi
vo hai hp Replace v With, sau nhn nt Replace. Mun xa mt mc t
trong danh sch th chn mc t v nhn nt Delete.

Minh ha thm m tc k vn v nguyn vn
2.2. nh dng
nh dng chung
Cc nt nh dng thng dng ca Excel c b tr rt thun li truy cp trong
nhm Home ca thanh Ribbon. Trong qu trnh son tho, tnh ton trn Excel,
mi khi cn nh dng bn ch vic nhn chut ln nt lnh ph hp di y.

nh dng vn bn v s
Khi cn cc nh dng phc tp hn m trn thanh Ribbon khng c nt lnh th
bn truy cp vo hp thoi Format Cells: Chn Home nhm Cells Format
Format Cells

Gii thch hp thoi Format Cells

nh dng M t
Tab Number
Category Danh sch cc loi nh dng s, gi tr
Sample Hin th nh dng ca gi tr trong hin hnh theo cc
nh dng bn chn
Decimal places Ti a c th c 30 s sau du thp phn, ch p dng cho
dng Number, Currency, Accounting, Percentage, v
Scientific.
Use 1000 Separator
(,)
Chn ny nu mun c du phn cch gia hng nghn,
triu, tch p dng cho dng Number
Negative numbers Chn loi nh dng th hin cho s m, ch p dng cho
dng Number v Currency.
Symbol Chn loi k hiu tin t, ch p dng cho dng Currency
v Accounting
Type Chn kiu hin th ph hp cho gi tr , ch p dng cho
cc dng Date, Time, Fraction, Special, v Custom.
Locale (location) Chn loi ngn ng khc p dng nh dng gi tr, ch
p dng cho cc dng Date, Time, v Special.
Tab Alignment
Text alignment
Horizontal
C cc la chn dng canh chnh ni dung theo
chiu ngang. Mc nh Excel canh l tri cho vn bn, l
phi cho gi tr , cc gi tr lun l v cc li c canh
gia.
Vertical C cc la chn dng canh chnh ni dung theo chiu
dc. Mc nh Excel canh l di cho vn bn.
Indent Tht u cc dng ni dung ca .
Orientation Chn cc hng ca vn bn trong cc .
Degrees t gi tr xoay vn bn. Cc gi tr t -90 n 90

Text control Wrap
text
Ni dung trong c xung nhiu dng ty thuc vo
rng ct v di ni dung. (xem chi tit phn di)
Shrink to fit Gim kch c ch tt c ni dung trong va vi
rng ct
Merge cells Ni cc chn thnh mt ( trnh by phn trn)
Right-to-left Text
direction
Xc nh trnh t c v canh l
Tab Font
Font Chn kiu Font cho cc , font mc nh l Calibri
Font style Chn kiu thng, in nghin, in mca Font ch,
kiu mc nh l Regular.
Size Kch thc font ch , t c 1 n 1638 v mc nh l c
ch 11 point.
Underline Chn kiu gch chn cho vn bn trong danh sch, mc
nh l None.
Color Chn mu cho vn bn, mc nh l Automatic (do Excel
t chn mu)
Normal font Nu chn s loi b cc nh dng Font khc v tr v
dng bnh thng
Effects Strikethrough C thm ng gch ngang vn bn
Superscript Lm cho vn bn co li v y ln trn
Subscript Lm cho vn bn co li v y xung di
Preview Xem trc kt qu nh dng bn va chn
Tab Border
Line Chn kiu v kch c cc ng k khung, sau chn
cc nt bn hp Border k
Presets Chn khng k khung, k ng bao v k cc ng
phn cch gia cc
Color Chn mu cho cc ng k
Border Cc nt bao quanh hnh minh ha dng k cc ng
bao cc
Tab Fill
Background Color Chn mu nn cho cc . Fill Effects cung cp cc hiu
ng t mu nn (xem chi tit phn di).
More Colors B sung thm cc mu v cng c pha ch mu.
Pattern Color Cc mu mu nn
Pattern Style cc kiu mu t nn . Xem trc kt qu chn mu v
kiu mu ti Sample
Tab Protection
Locked Kha vic thay i, di chuyn, xa, cc , ch c tc
dng khi sheet c bo v
Hidden n cng thc trong , ch co tc dng khi sheet c bo
v (xem phn sau)
General Excel mc nh dng kiu ny nh dng gi tr, khi s
di hn 12 s th nh dng
General chuyn sang dng Scientific
Number Dng nh dng cc con s, bn c th chn du phn
cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn,
ng thi c th chn kiu hin th s m.
Currency Dng nh dng cc n v tin t cho cc gi tr, ta c
th chn du phn cch thp phn v nh s con s sau
du thp phn, ng thi c th chn kiu hin th s m.
Accounting Dng nh dng cc n v tin t trong k ton, n t
k hiu tin t v gi tr hai ct khc nhau.
Date Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo
chn la ti phn Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c
du (*) l nh dng ly t h thng (Control Panel).
Time Dng nh dng cc gi tr ngy v thi gian ty theo
chn la ti phn Type v Locale (location). Cc Type c
du (*) l nh dng ly t h thng (Control Panel).
Percentage nh dng ny ly gi tr trong nhn vi 100 v thm
du % vo sau kt qu, bn c th chn du phn cch
thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp phn.
Fraction nh dng ny hin th con s di dng phn s ty theo
Type bn chn.
Scientific Hin th con s di dng khoa hc <Con s E+n>. V
d, s 12345678901 nh dng theo Scientific l
1.23E+10, ngha l 1.23 x 1010. Bn c th chn du
phn cch thp phn v qui nh s con s sau du thp
phn.
Text nh dng ni dung ging nh nhng g nhp vo k c
cc con s.
Special nh dng cc con s dng m bu chnh (ZIP Code), s
in thoi, s bo him
Custom Dng hiu chnh cc m nh dng ang p dng hay
to mi cc nh dng do bn p dng. Ta c th thm
vo t 200 n 250 nh dng t to ty theo ngn ng v
phin bn Excel. (xem phn sau)
S dng Wrap Text
Khi bn mun on vn bn di trong c nhiu dng th bn dng chc nng
wrap text hoc dng <Alt+Enter> xung dng ti v tr mong mun.
B1. Chn cn nh dng Wrap text, v d A1
B2. Chn Home Alignment chn Wrap Text ( ). Nu dng khng t
ng m rng l do b thit lp chiu cao c nh, bn vo Home Cells
Format ti Cells Size chn AutoFit Row Height
Xoay ch (Orientation)
B1. Chn cc cn xoay ch A1:D1
B2. Chn Home nhm Alignment Orientation Angle
Counterclockwise

nh dng khung (border)
K ng bao xung quanh vng B2:E18 m, c ng phn cch gia cc bng
nt mnh v mu tt c ng k l mu .
B1. Chn danh sch cn k khung B2:E18
B2. Chn Home nhm Cells Format Chn Format Cells
B3. Vo Tab Border, chn mu l Red ( ) ti Color
B4. Chn Style l nt m , sau chn nt Outline ti Preset
B5. Chn Style l nt mnh , sau chn nt Inside ti Preset
B6. Nhn OK hon tt

Hiu ng t nn (Fill effect)
B1. Chn vng cn t mu nn B2:E18
B2. Chn Home nhm Cells Format Chn Format Cells
B3. Vo Tab Fill Chn Fill Effects
B4. Chn cc mu cn phi hp: Color 1 (v d l mu vng Yellow) v Color 2
(Blue)
B5. Chn Shading styles l Vertical v chn kiu th 3
B6. Nhn OK hai ln hon tt.

T ng nh dng c iu kin.
Vi Excel 2010 nh dng c iu kin s gip bn ch ra cc mu trong d liu v
s dng rt n gin. Ch cn nh du mt nhm cc v kch vo Conditional
Formatting trn ribbon Home. Khi a chut trn nhng la chn, bn s thy
preview ca n ngay lp tc. C th gn cho mi mt mu phn nh th hng
ca n trong ton b di cc gi tr, thm mt thanh d liu trong sut phn nh gi
tr ca Cch thc tin hnh ny cho php n gin hn rt nhiu so vi s
phc tp trong hp thoi Conditional Formatting ca Excel 2003.

Bng v nh dng bng (table)
Excel thit lp sn rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng v cn h tr to thm cc
biu mu mi. Excel ch cho php xa cc biu mu t to thm v cho php xa
nh dng bng. Ngoi ra ta c th hiu chnh nh dng bng khi cn thit.
p nh dng bng cho danh sch v chuyn danh sch thnh bng
B1. Chn danh B2:E18
B2. Chn Home nhm Styles chn Format As Table
B3. Ca s Style lit k rt nhiu biu mu nh dng bng, chn mt trong cc
biu mu. V d chn mu Light s 9
B4. Ca s Format As Table hin ln nhn OK xc nhn.
to mu mi th ti bc 3 chn New Table Style, sau t tn cho biu
mu mi v nhn Format ch bin biu mu.
Mun xa mt mu t to th vo Home Style Format As Table, ti phn
Custom nhp phi chut ln biu mu v chn Delete.
Cc ty chn hiu chnh bng c Table Tools Tab Design trn thanh
Ribbon

Xa kiu nh dng bng ang p dng v chuyn bng v danh sch
xa mt kiu nh dng bng ang p dng, trc tin hy chn bng, ti
Tab Design vo nhm Table Styles chn More ( ) chn Clear. n lc ny
vng chn vn cn l
bng do vy n c cc tnh nng ca bng.
chuyn mt bng v thnh danh sch th chn bng, sau vo Tab Design,
ti nhm Tools chn Convert to Range.
S dng mu nh dng ti liu (Document Themes)
Cc mu ti liu dng sn gip ngi s dng to nn cc ti liu c dng v
chuyn nghip v rt d s dng. Cc biu mu ti liu c thit k sn vi nhiu
mu, font ch, hnh nh, th, vi nhiu hiu ng p mt. Ngoi ra chng ta
cn c th hiu chnh v ch bin cc mu ny.
p dng biu mu ti liu bn vo chn nhm Page Layout Themes
Chn mt biu mu t danh sch.
C th hiu chnh biu mu: vo Colors chn li mu, vo Fonts chn li
kiu Font v vo Effects chn li hiu ng.
Lu bng phi p dng Style th mi c tc dng.
To biu mu mi Colors v Font bn vo Page Layout Themes chn
Colors chn Create New Themes Colors hay Page Layout Themes
chn Fonts chn Create New Themes Fonts. Nh lu li (Save) sau khi
to.
Khi i kiu mu khc ng lot cc i tng c p dng biu mu thay
i nh dng v khng b thay i ni dung.

2.3 Tm v thay th d liu
tm d liu hoc tm v thay th d liu:
Kch nt Find & Select trn nhm Editing ca tab Home
Chn Find hoc Replace

Hp thoi Find and Replace xut hin, nhp t mun tm trong mc Find What
(nu bn chn Find bc trn) hoc nhp t mun tm trong mc Find What v
t thay th trong mc Replace with (nu bn chn Replace bc trn).
Kch nt Options tm thm cc ty chn

2.4 Sp xp v lc d liu
Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) l nhng tnh nng cho php bn thao tc d liu
trong mt bng tnh c thit lp da trn cc tiu chun.
Sp xp
thc hin mt sp xp theo chiu tng dn hay gim dn trn mt ct:
nh du cc mun c sp xp
Kch nt Sort & Filter trn tab Home
Kch nt Sort Ascending (A-Z) hay Sort Descending (Z-A)

Ty chnh sp xp
sp xp nhiu hn mt ct:
Chn ct m bn mun sp xp u tin
Kch Add Level
Chn ct tip theo bn mun sp xp
Kch OK

Lc d liu
B lc cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh.
s dng b lc:
Kch vo ct hoc chn cc ct cha d liu m bn mun lc
Trn tab Home, kch Sort & Filter
Kch nt Filter
Kch vo mi tn pha di u tin
Kch Text Filter
Kch Words bn mun lc

Nhn chut vo y
xem nh gc

khng p dng b lc, kch nt Sort & Filter
Kch Clear

Chng 3: Gii Thiu V S Dng Cc Hm
3.1 Gii thiu cng thc v hm:
Gii thiu cng thc (Formula)
Cng thc gip bng tnh hu ch hn rt nhiu, nu khng c cc cng thc th
bng tnh cng ging nh trnh son tho vn bn. Chng ta dng cng thc
tnh ton t cc d liu lu tr trn bng tnh, khi d liu thay i cc cng thc
ny s t ng cp nht cc thay i v tnh ra kt qu mi gip chng ta tn
cng sc tnh li nhiu ln. Vy cng thc c cc thnh phn g?
Cng thc trong Excel c nhn dng l do n bt u l du = v sau l s
kt hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s, cc a ch tham chiu v cc hm.
V d:

V d v cng thc
Cc ton t trong cng thc
Ton t Chc nng V d Kt qu
+ Cng =3+3 3 cng 3 l 6
- Tr =45-4 45 tr 4 cn 41
* Nhn =150*.05 150 nhn 0.50 thnh 7.5
/ Chia =3/3 3 chia 3 l 1
^ Ly tha =2^4 =16^(1/4) 2 ly tha 4 thnh 16 Ly
cn bc 4 ca 16 thnh 2
& Ni chui =L & Thanh Ni chui L v
Thanh li thnh L
Thanh
= Bng =A1=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt
qu: FALSE
> Ln hn =A1>B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt
qu: FALSE
< Nh hn =A1<B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt
qu: TRUE
>= Ln hn hoc
bng
=A1>=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt
qu: FALSE
<= Nh hn hoc
bng
=A1<=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt
qu: TRUE
<> Khc =A1<>B1 V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt
qu: TRUE
, Du cch cc
tham chiu
=Sum(A1,B1) V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt
qu: 9
: Tham chiu
mng
=Sum(A1:B1) V d A1=3, B1=6 Kt
qu: 9
khong
trng
Tr v cc
giao gia 2
vng
=B1:B6 A3:D3 Tr v gi tr ca

Th t u tin ca cc ton t
Ton t M t u tin
: (hai chm) (1 khong trng) , (du
phy)
Ton t tham chiu 1
S m (v d 1) 2
% Phn trm 3
^ Ly tha 4
* v / Nhn v chia 5
+ v Cng v tr 6
& Ni chui 7
= < > <= >= <> So snh 8

Gii thiu hm (Function)
Hm trong Excel c lp trnh sn dng tnh ton hoc thc hin mt chc nng
no . Vic s dng thnh tho cc hm s gip chng ta tit kim c rt nhiu
thi gian so vi tnh ton th cng khng dng hm. Cc hm trong Excel rt a
dng bao trm nhiu lnh vc, c nhng hm khng yu cu i s, c nhng hm
yu cu mt hoc nhiu i s, v cc i s c th l bt buc hoc t chn.
V d:
=Rand(): hm khng c i s
=If(A1>=5,t,Rt): hm 3 i s
=PMT(10%,4,1000,,1): hm nhiu i s v i s ty chn
Trong Excel 2010 c cc hm chnh nh sau:
Hm ngoi: Call, Registed.ID,
Hm ly d liu t SSAS: Cubeset, Cubevalue,
Hm d liu: Dmin, Dmax, Dcount,
Hm ngy v thi gian: Time, Now, Date,.
Hm k thut: Dec2Bin, Dec2Hex, Dec2Oct,
Hm ti chnh: Npv, Pv, Fv, Rate,
Hm thng tin: Cell, Thng tin, IsNa,
Hm lun l: If, And, Or,
Hm tham chiu v tm kim: Choose, Vlookup, OffSet,
Hm ton v lng gic: Log, Mmult, Round,
Hm thng k: Stdev, Var, CountIf,
Hm vn bn: Asc, Find, Text,
Chng ta s cng nghin cu cch s dng tng hm trong cc nhm hm trn
cc phn sau.
Nhp cng thc v hm
Nhp cng thc trong Excel rt n gin, mun nhp cng thc vo no bn ch
vic nhp du = v sau l s kt hp ca cc ton t, cc tr s, cc a ch tham
chiu v cc hm. Bn c th nhn vo thanh Formula thy c trn cng thc.
Mt iu ht sc lu khi lm vic trn bng tnh l trnh nhp trc tip cc con
s, gi tr vo cng thc m bn nn dng n tham chiu.
V d:

Minh ha dng tham chiu trong hm
Trong v d trn, i s th nht ca hm NPV chng ta khng nhp trc sut
chit tnh 10% vo hm m nn tham chiu n a ch cha n l I2, v nu li
sut c thay i th ta ch cn nhp gi tr mi vo I2 th chng ta s thu c kt
qu NPV mi ngay khng cn phi chnh sa li cng thc.
Gi s cc C2:G2 c t tn l DongTien, v I2 t tn l LaiSuat (Xem li
cch t tn vng bi s 1) th trong qu trnh nhp cng thc bn c th lm nh
sau:
B1. Ti B4 nhp vo =NPV(
B2. Nhn F3, ca s Paste Name hin ra
B3. Chn LaiSuat v nhn OK
B4. Nhp du phy (,) v g F3
B5. Chn DongTien v nhn OK
B6. Nhp du ng ngoc ri nhp du +
B7. Nhp chut vo B2
B8. Nhn phm Enter

Chn tn vng vo cng thc
Mt trong nhng cch d dng nht s dng hm trong Excel l s dng th
vin hm. Khi bn mun s dng hm no ch vic vo thanh Ribbon chn
nhm Formulas Function Library -> chn nhm hm -> chn hm cn s
dng. Ngoi ra bn c th nhn vo nt gi hp thoi Insert Function mt
cch nhanh chng v khi cn tm hiu v hm ny bn ch cn nhn vo Help on
this function.

Hp thoi Insert Function
Tham chiu trong cng thc
Cc tham chiu s dng trong cng thc gip cho chng ta khi tn cng sa cha
cc cng thc khi cc gi tr tnh ton c s thay i. C 3 loi tham chiu sau:
Tham chiu a ch tng i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu s thay i khi
chng ta sao chp hoc di di cng thc n v tr khc mt lng tng
ng vi s dng v s ct m ta di di. V d A5:B7, C4
Tham chiu a ch tuyt i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu khng thay i
khi ta di di hay sao chp cng thc. V d $A$5:$B$7, $C$4
Tham chiu hn hp: Phi hp tham chiu a ch tng i v tuyt i. V
d A$5 ngha l ct A tng i v dng 5 tuyt i.
Lu : Du $ trc th t ct l c nh ct v trc th t dng l c nh dng.
Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct.
Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c nh/ b c nh dng hoc ct.
V d: Tnh thnh tin bng S lng nhn Gi. i sang gi tr Thnh tin sang
VND. Tnh tng cc ct Thnh tin v ct VND.

Minh ha a ch tng i v tuyt i
B1. Ti D2 nhp vo =B2*C2 v Enter. Sau qut chn c vng D2:D14 v g
<Ctrl+D>. Vo cc D3, D4... D14 ta thy cng thc cc dng t ng c thay
i tng ng vi khong cch so vi D2. Trng hp ny chng ta dng a ch
tng i ca B2*C2 l v chng ta mun khi sao chp cng thc xung pha di
th a ch cc tnh ton s t ng thay i theo.
B2. Ti E2 nhp vo =D2*B$17 v Enter, sau chp cng thc xung cc
E3:E14. Chng ta cn c nh dng 17 trong a ch t gi B17 v ta mun khi sao
cng thc xung th cc cng thc sao chp vn tham chiu n B17 tnh
ton.
B3. Ti D15 nhp vo =Sum(D2:D14) v chp sang E15.
Lu :
Tham chiu n a ch worksheet khc nhng cng workbook th c dng
Tn_sheet!a_ch_. V d:
=A2*Sheet2!A2
=A2*Thong so!B4
Khi tn sheet c cha khong trng th trong cp nhy n
Tham chiu n a ch trong workbook khc th c dng
[Tn_Workbook]Tn_sheet!a_ch_.
V d:
=A2*[Bai2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
=A2*[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tn Sheet hay Workbook c cha khon trng trong cp nhy n
=A2*C:\Tai lieu\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tham chiu n workbook khc m workbook ny khng m
=A2*\\DataServer\Excel\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tham chiu n ti nguyn chia s trn my ch trong mng
Cc li thng dng (Formulas errors)
Cc li thng dng
Li Gii thch
#DIV/0! Trong cng thc c cha php chia cho 0 (zero) hoc chia rng
#NAME? Do dnh sai tn hm hay tham chiu hoc nh thiu du nhy
#N/A Cng thc tham chiu n m c dng hm NA kim tra s
tn ti ca d liu hoc hm khng c kt qu
#NULL! Hm s dng d liu giao nhau ca 2 vng m 2 vng ny khng
c phn chung nn phn giao rng
#NUM! Vn i vi gi tr, v d nh dng nhm s m trong khi ng
phi l s dng
#REF! Tham chiu b li, thng l do tham chiu trong hm b xa
#VALUE! Cng thc tnh ton c cha kiu d liu khng ng.

3.2 Cc hm trong excel
a. Nhm hm v thng k
AVEDEV (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh lch tuyt i cc im d
liu theo trung bnh ca chng. Thng dng lm thc o v s bin i ca tp
s liu
AVERAGE (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng
AVERAGEA (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr, bao
gm c nhng gi tr logic
AVERAGEIF (range, criteria1) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr trong mt
mng theo mt iu kin
AVERAGEIFS (range, criteria1, criteria2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc gi tr
trong mt mng theo nhiu iu kin
COUNT (value1, value2, ...) : m s trong danh sch
COUNTA (value1, value2, ...) : m s c cha gi tr (khng rng) trong danh
sch
COUNTBLANK (range) : m cc rng trong mt vng
COUNTIF (range, criteria) : m s tha mt iu kin cho trc bn trong mt
dy
COUNTIFS (range1, criteria1, range2, criteria2, ...) : m s tha nhiu iu
kin cho trc
DEVSQ (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh bnh phng lch cc im d liu t
trung bnh mu ca chng, ri cng cc bnh phng li.
FREQUENCY (data_array, bins_array) : Tnh xem c bao nhiu gi tr thng
xuyn xut hin bn trong mt dy gi tr, ri tr v mt mng ng cc s. Lun
s dng hm ny dng cng thc mng
GEOMEAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v trung bnh nhn ca mt dy cc s
dng. Thng dng tnh mc tng trng trung bnh, trong li kp c cc
li bin i c cho trc...
HARMEAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v trung bnh iu ha (nghch o ca
trung bnh cng) ca cc s
KURT (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh nhn ca tp s liu, biu th mc nhn
hay mc phng tng i ca mt phn b so vi phn b chun
LARGE (array, k) : Tr v gi tr ln nht th k trong mt tp s liu
MAX (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr
MAXA (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr ln nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao
gm c cc gi tr logic v text
MEDIAN (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh trung bnh v ca cc s.
MIN (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr
MINA (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr nh nht ca mt tp gi tr, bao
gm c cc gi tr logic v text
MODE (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v gi tr xut hin nhiu nht trong mt
mng gi tr
PERCENTILE (array, k) : Tm phn v th k ca cc gi tr trong mt mng d
liu
PERCENTRANK (array, x, significance) : Tr v th hng (v tr tng i) ca
mt tr trong mt mng d liu, l s phn trm ca mng d liu
PERMUT (number, number_chosen) : Tr v hon v ca cc i tng.
QUARTILE (array, quart) : Tnh im t phn v ca tp d liu. Thng c
dng trong kho st d liu chia cc tp hp thnh nhiu nhm...
RANK (number, ref, order) : Tnh th hng ca mt s trong danh sch cc s
SKEW (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v lch ca phn phi, m t khng i
xng ca phn phi quanh tr trung bnh ca n
SMALL (array, k) : Tr v gi tr nh nht th k trong mt tp s
STDEV (number1, number2, ...) : c lng lch chun trn c s mu
STDEVA (value1, value2, ...) : c lng lch chun trn c s mu, bao gm
c nhng gi tr logic
STDEVP (number1, number2, ...) : Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp
STDEVPA (value1, value2, ...) : Tnh lch chun theo ton th tp hp, k c
ch v cc gi tr logic
VAR (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phng sai da trn mu
VARA (value1, value2, ...) : Tr v phng sai da trn mu, bao gm c cc tr
logic v text
VARP (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phng sai da trn ton th tp hp
VARPA (value1, value2, ...) : Tr v phng sai da trn ton th tp hp, bao
gm c cc tr logic v text.
TRIMMEAN (array, percent) : Tnh trung bnh phn trong ca mt tp d liu,
bng cch loi t l phn trm ca cc im d liu u v cui tp d liu.
b. Nhm hm v phn phi xc sut
BETADIST (x, alpha, beta, A, B) : Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi
xc sut tch ly beta.
BETAINV (probability, alpha, beta, A, B) : Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt
phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.
BINOMDIST (number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative) : Tr v xc sut ca
nhng ln th thnh cng ca phn phi nh phn.
CHIDIST (x, degrees_freedom) : Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-
squared.
CHIINV (probability, degrees_freedom) : Tr v nghch o ca xc xut mt pha
ca phn phi chi-squared.
CHITEST (actual_range, expected_range) : Tr v gi tr ca xc xut t phn phi
chi-squared v s bc t do tng ng.
CONFIDENCE (alpha, standard_dev, size) : Tnh khong tin cy cho mt k vng
l thuyt
CRITBINOM (trials, probability_s, alpha) : Tr v gi tr nh nht sao cho phn
phi nh thc tch ly ln hn hay bng gi tr tiu chun. Thng dng bo
m cc ng dng t cht lng...
EXPONDIST (x, lambda, cumulative) : Tnh phn phi m. Thng dng m
phng thi gian gia cc bin c...
FDIST (x, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2) : Tnh phn phi xc sut F.
Thng dng tm xem hai tp s liu c nhiu mc khc nhau hay khng...
FINV (probability, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2) : Tnh nghch o ca
phn phi xc sut F. Thng dng so snh bin thin trong hai tp s liu
FTEST (array1, array2) : Tr v kt qu ca mt php th F. Thng dng xc
nh xem hai mu c cc phng sai khc nhau hay khng...
FISHER (x) : Tr v php bin i Fisher ti x. Thng dng kim tra gi
thuyt da trn h s tng quan...
FISHERINV (y) : Tnh nghch o php bin i Fisher. Thng dng phn
tch mi tng quan gia cc mng s liu...
GAMMADIST (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi tch ly gamma. C
th dng nghin cu c phn b lch
GAMMAINV (probability, alpha, beta) : Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch ly
gamma.
GAMMLN (x) : Tnh logarit t nhin ca hm gamma
HYPGEOMDIST (number1, number2, ...) : Tr v phn phi siu bi (xc sut ca
mt s ln thnh cng no ...)
LOGINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) : Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi
tch ly lognormal ca x (LOGNORMDIST)
LOGNORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev) : Tr v phn phi tch ly lognormal
ca x, trong logarit t nhin ca x thng c phn phi vi cc tham s mean
v standard_dev.
NEGBINOMDIST (number_f, number_s, probability_s) : Tr v phn phi nh
thc m (tr v xc sut m s c number_f ln tht bi trc khi c number_s ln
thnh cng, khi xc sut khng i ca mt ln thnh cng l probability_s)
NORMDIST (x, mean, standard_dev, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi chun
(normal distribution). Thng c s dng trong vic thng k, gm c vic kim
tra gi thuyt
NORMINV (probability, mean, standard_dev) : Tnh nghch o phn phi tch ly
chun
NORMSDIST (z) : Tr v hm phn phi tch ly chun tc (standard normal
cumulative distribution function), l phn phi c tr trung bnh cng l zero (0) v
lch chun l 1
NORMSINV (probability) : Tnh nghch o ca hm phn phi tch ly chun tc
POISSON (x, mean, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi poisson. Thng dng c
tnh s lng bin c s xy ra trong mt khong thi gian nht nh
PROB (x_range, prob_range, lower_limit, upper_limit) : Tnh xc sut ca cc tr
trong dy nm gia hai gii hn
STANDARDIZE (x, mean, standard_dev) : Tr v tr chun ha t phn phi biu
th bi mean v standard_dev
TDIST (x, degrees_freedom, tails) : Tr v xc sut ca phn phi Student (phn
phi t), trong x l gi tr tnh t t v c dng tnh xc sut.
TINV (probability, degrees_freedom) : Tr v gi tr t ca phn phi Student.
TTEST (array1, array2, tails, type) : Tnh xc xut kt hp vi php th Student.
WEIBULL (x, alpha, beta, cumulative) : Tr v phn phi Weibull. Thng s
dng trong phn tch tin cy, nh tnh tui th trung bnh ca mt thit b.
ZTEST (array, x, sigma) : Tr v xc sut mt pha ca php th z.
c. Nhm hm v tng quan v hi quy tuyn tnh
CORREL (array1, array2) : Tnh h s tng quan gia hai mng xc nh mi
quan h ca hai c tnh
COVAR (array1, array2) : Tnh tch s cc lch ca mi cp im d liu, ri
tnh trung bnh cc tch s
FORECAST (x, known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh ton hay d on mt gi tr tng
lai bng cch s dng cc gi tr hin c, bng phng php hi quy tuyn tnh
GROWTH (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const) : Tnh ton s tng trng d
kin theo hm m, bng cch s dng cc d kin hin c.
INTERCEPT (known_y's, known_x's) : Tm im giao nhau ca mt ng thng
vi trc y bng cch s dng cc tr x v y cho trc
LINEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats) : Tnh thng k cho mt ng bng
cch dng phng php bnh phng ti thiu (least squares) tnh ng thng
thch hp nht vi d liu, ri tr v mng m t ng thng . Lun dng hm
ny dng cng thc mng.
LOGEST (known_y's, known_x's, const, stats) : Dng trong phn tch hi quy.
Hm s tnh ng cong hm m ph hp vi d liu c cung cp, ri tr v
mng ga tr m t ng cong . Lun dng hm ny dng cng thc mng
PEARSON (array1, array2) : Tnh h s tng quan momen tch pearson (r), mt
ch mc khng th nguyn, trong khong t -1 n 1, phn nh s m rng quan
h tuyn tnh gia hai tp s liu
RSQ (known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh bnh phng h s tng quan momen tch
Pearson (r), thng qua cc im d liu trong known_y's v known_x's
SLOPE (known_y's, known_x's) : Tnh h s gc ca ng hi quy tuyn tnh
thng qua cc im d liu
STEYX (known_y's, known_x's) : Tr v sai s chun ca tr d on y i vi
mi tr x trong hi quy.
TREND (known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const) : Tr v cc tr theo xu th tuyn
tnh
d. Cc hm ti chnh - financian functions
ACCRINT (issue, first_interest, settlement, rate, par, frequency, basis,
calc_method) : Tnh li tch ly cho mt chng khon tr li theo nh k
ACCRINTM (issue, settlement, rate, par, basis) : Tnh li tch ly i vi chng
khon tr li theo k hn
AMORDEGRC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) :
Tnh khu hao trong mi ti kha k ton ty theo thi hn s dng ca ti sn (s
dng trong cc h thng k ton theo kiu Php)
AMORLINC (cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis) :
Tnh khu hao trong mi ti kha k ton (s dng trong cc h thng k ton theo
kiu Php)
COUPDAYBS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy k t u k
li ti ngy kt ton
COUPDAYS (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy trong k li
bao gm c ngy kt ton
COUPDAYSCN (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ngy t ngy kt
ton ti ngy tnh li k tip
COUPNCD (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tr v mt con s th hin
ngy tnh li k tip k t sau ngy kt ton
COUPNUM (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tnh s ln li sut phi tr
trong khong t ngy kt ton n ngy o hn
COUPPCD (settlement, maturity, frequency, basis) : Tr v mt con s th hin
ngy thanh ton li ln trc, trc ngy kt ton
CUMIPMT (rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type) : Tnh li tc tch ly
phi tr i vi khon vay trong khong thi gian gia start_period v end_period
CUMPRINC (rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type) : Tr v tin vn tch
ly phi tr i vi khon vay trong khong thi gian gia start_period v
end_period
DB (cost, salvage, life, period, month) : Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng
phng php s d gim dn theo mt mc c nh (fixed-declining balance
method) trong mt khong thi gian xc nh.
DDB (cost, salvage, life, period, factor) : Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng
phng php s d gim dn kp (double-declining balance method), hay gim
dn theo mt t l no , trong mt khong thi gian xc nh.
DISC (settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) : Tnh t l chit khu ca mt
chng khon
DOLLARDE (fractional_dollar, fraction) : Chuyn i gi dollar dng phn s
sang gi dollar dng thp phn
DOLLARFR (decimal_dollar, fraction) : Chuyn i gi dollar dng thp phn
s sang gi dollar dng phn s
DURATION (settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis) : Tnh thi hn
hiu lc Macauley da trn ng mnh gi $100 (thi hn hiu lc l trung bnh
trng gi tr hin ti ca dng lun chuyn tin mt v c dng lm thc o v
s phn hi lm thay i li nhun ca gi tr tri phiu)
EFFECT (nominal_rate, npery) : Tnh li sut thc t hng nm, bit trc li sut
danh ngha hng nm v tng s k thanh ton li kp mi nm
FV (rate, nper, pmt, pv, type) : Tnh gi tr k hn ca s u t da trn vic chi
tr c nh theo k v li sut c nh
FVSCHEDULE (principal, schedule) : Tnh gi tr k hn ca mt vn ban u sau
khi p dng mt chui cc li sut kp (tnh gi tr k hn cho mt u t c li
sut thay i)
INTRATE (settlement, maturity, investment, redemption, basis) : Tnh li sut cho
mt chng khon u t ton b
IPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tr v khon thanh ton li cho mt u t
da trn vic chi tr c nh theo k v da trn li sut khng i
IRR (values, guess) : Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt chui cc lu ng tin mt
c th hin bi cc tr s
ISPMT (rate, per, nper, pv) : Tnh s tin li tr ti mt k no i vi mt
khon vay c li sut khng i, sau khi tr s tin gc phi tr cho k .
MDURATION (settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis) : Tnh thi
hn Macauley sa i cho chng khon da trn ng mnh gi $100
MIRR (values, finance_rate, reinvest_rate) : Tnh t sut doanh li ni ti trong
mt chui lun chuyn tin mt theo chu k
NOMINAL (effect_rate, npery) : Tnh li sut danh ngha hng nm, bit trc li
sut thc t v cc k tnh li kp mi nm
NPER (rate, pmt, pv, fv, type) : Tnh s k hn tr khon vay trong u t da
trn tng chu k, s tin tr v t sut li tc c nh
NPV (rate, value1, value2, ...) : Tnh hin gi rng ca mt khon u t bng cch
s dng t l chiu khu vi cc chi khon tr k hn (tr m) v thu nhp (tr
dng)
ODDFPRICE (settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon, rate, yld, redemption,
frequency, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn mi ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon c
k u tin l (ngn hn hay di hn)
ODDFYIELD (settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon, rate, pr, redemption,
frequency, basis) : Tr v li nhun ca mt chng khon c k tnh li u tin l
l (ngn hn hay di hn)
ODDLPRICE (settlement, maturity, last_interest, rate, yld, redemption, frequency,
basis) : Tnh gi tr trn mi ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon c k tnh li
phiu cui cng l l (ngn hn hay di hn)
ODDLYIELD (settlement, maturity, last_interest, rate, pr, redemption, frequency,
basis) : Tnh li nhun ca chng khon c k cui cng l l (ngn hn hay di
hn)
PMT (rate, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tnh tin phi tr i vi khon vay c li sut
khng i v chi tr u n
PPMT (rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) : Tnh khon vn thanh ton trong mt k hn
cho i vi mt khon u t, trong vic chi tr c thc hin u n theo
nh k vi mt li sut khng i
PRICE (settlement, maturity, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh gi tr
chng khon trn ng mnh gi $100, thanh ton li tc theo chu k
PRICEDISC (settlement, maturity, discount, redemption, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn
ng mnh gi $100 ca mt chng khon chit khu
PRICEMAT (settlement, maturity, issue, rate, yld, basis) : Tnh gi tr trn ng
mnh gi $100 ca mt chng khon phi thanh ton li vo ngy o hn
PV (rate, nper, pmt, fv, type) : Tnh gi tr hin ti ca mt khon u t
RATE (nper, pmt, pv, fv, type, guess) : Tnh li sut mi k trong mt nin kim
REVEICED (settlement, maturity, investment, discount, basis) : Tnh s tin nhn
c vo k hn thanh ton cho mt chng khon u t ton b
SLN (cost, salvage, life) : Tnh chi ph khu hao (theo phng php ng thng)
ca mt ti sn trong mt k
SYD (cost, salvage, life, per) : Tnh khu hao theo gi tr cn li ca ti sn trong
nh k xc nh
TBILLEQ (settlement, maturity, discount) : Tnh li nhun tng ng vi tri
phiu cho tri phiu kho bc
TBILLPRICE (settlement, maturity, discount) : Tnh gi tr ng mnh gi $100
cho tri phiu kho bc
TBILLYIELD (settlement, maturity, pr) : Tnh li nhun cho tri phiu kho bc
VDB (cost, salvage, life, start_period, end_period, factor, no_switch) : Tnh khu
hao ti sn s dng trong nhiu k
XIRR (values, dates, guess) : Tnh li sut ni hm cho mt lot lu ng tin mt
khng nh k
XNPV (rate, values, dates) : Tnh t gi rng cho mt dy lu ng tin mt khng
nh k
YIELD (settlement, maturity, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis) : Tnh li
nhun i vi chng khon tr li theo nh k
YIELDDISC (settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis) : Tnh li nhun hng
nm cho chng khon chit khu
YIELDMAT (settlement, maturity, issue, rate, pr, basis) : Tnh li nhun hng nm
ca chng khon tr li vo ngy o hn
e. Danh mc cc Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch
DAVERAGE (database, field, criteria) : Tnh trung bnh cc gi tr trong mt ct
ca danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DCOUNT (database, field, criteria) : m cc cha s liu trong mt ct ca
danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DCOUNTA (database, field, criteria) : m cc "khng rng" trong mt ct ca
danh sch hay cc tr ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DGET (database, field, criteria) : Trch mt gi tr t mt ct ca mt danh sch
hay c s d liu, khp vi iu kin c ch nh.
DMAX (database, field, criteria) : Tr v tr ln nht trong mt ct ca mt danh
sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DMIN (database, field, criteria) : Tr v tr nh nht trong mt ct ca mt danh
DRODUCT (database, field, criteria) : Nhn cc gi tr trong mt ct ca mt danh
DSTDEV (database, field, criteria) : c lng lch chun ca mt tp hp
theo mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca
mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DSTDEVP (database, field, criteria) : Tnh lch chun ca mt tp hp theo
ton th cc tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh
DSUM (database, field, criteria) : Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt danh sch
hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DVAR (database, field, criteria) : c lng s bin thin ca mt tp hp da
trn mt mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay
ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c ch nh.
DVARP (database, field, criteria) : Tnh ton s bin thin ca mt tp hp da
trn ton th tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh
GETPIVOTDATA (data_field, pivot_table, field1, item1, field2, item2,...) : Tr v
d liu c lu gi trong bo co PivotTable. C th dng GETPIVOTDATA
ly d liu tng kt t mt bo co PivotTable, vi iu kin l phi thy c d
liu tng kt t trong bo co .
Ni chung v Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu v Danh sch
Microsoft Excel cung cp nhiu hm dng cho vic phn tch d liu trong danh
sch hay c s d liu. Nhng hm ny bt u bng ch D.
Mi hm u s dng 3 i s l database, field v criteria; nhng i s ny l
cc tham chiu n cc mng trong bng tnh.
* database : L mt dy cc to nn danh sch hay c s d liu. Mt c s d
liu l mt danh sch d liu gm nhng mu tin, v c ct d liu l cc trng
(field). Dng u tin trong danh sch lun cha tn trng.
* field : Cho bit ct no c s dng trong hm. field c th c cho dng
text vi tn ct c trong cp du ngoc kp (nh "Age", "Yield"...) hay l s
i din cho v tr ca ct (1, 2, ...)
* criteria : L mt dy cc cha iu kin. C th dng bt c dy no cho phn
iu kin ny, min l dy c t nht mt tn ct v mt bn di tn ct
lm iu kin cho hm (xem thm bi Mt s v d v cch dng Criteria nhp
iu kin sau y).
HM NGY THNG V THI GIAN
Mt s lu khi s dng ngy thng v thi gian trong Excel:
Excel h tr tnh ton ngy thng cho Windows v Macintosh. Windows dng h
ngy bt u t 1900. Macitosh dng h ngy bt u t 1904. Ti liu ny c
din gii theo h ngy 1900 dnh cho Windows.
H thng ngy gi Excel ph thuc vo thit lp trong Regional Options ca
Control Panel. Mc nh l h thng ca M "Thng/Ngy/Nm" (M/d/yyyy). Bn
c th sa li thnh h thng ngy ca VN "Ngy/Thng/Nm" (dd/MM/yyyy).
Khi bn nhp mt gi tr ngy thng khng hp l n s tr thnh mt chui vn
bn. Cng thc tham chiu ti gi tr s tr v li.
=NOW() Cho hin ngy gi ca h thng
=TODAY() Cho ngy ca h thng
=DAY(D) Cho gi tr ngy ca D (Tr v th t ca ngy trong thng t mt gi tr
kiu ngy thng)
=MONTH(D) Cho gi tr thng ca D
=YEAR(D) Cho gi tr nm ca D
=DAYS360(BTNT1, BTNT2) Tnh s ngy gia 2 mc ngy thng da trn c s
mt nm c 360 ngy.
=EDATE Tr v mc thi gian xy ra trc hoc sau mc ch nh
=EOMONTH Tr v ngy cui cng ca thng xy ra trc hoc sau mc ch nh
Hm HOUR()
Cho bit s ch gi trong mt gi tr thi gian
C php: = HOUR(serial_number)
serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s ch gi tr thi gian
V d: HOUR(0.5) = 12 (gi)
Hm MINUTE()
Cho bit s ch pht trong mt gi tr thi gian
C php: = MINUTE(serial_number)
V d: By gi l 10:20 PM, MINUTE(NOW()) = 20 (pht)
=MONTH Tr v s thng ca mt gi tr kiu ngy thng.
=NETWORKDAYS Tr v s ngy lm vic trong mc thi gian a ra sau khi
tr i ngy ngh v ngy l.
=NOW Tr v ngy gi hin ti trong h thng ca bn.
Hm SECOND()
Cho bit s ch giy trong mt gi tr thi gian
C php: = SECOND(serial_number)
V d: SECOND("2:45:30 PM") = 30 (giy)
Hm TIME()
Tr v mt gi tr thi gian no
C php: = TIME(hour, minute, second)
hour: S ch gi, l mt con s t 0 n 23. Nu ln hn 23, Excel s t tr i mt
bi s ca 24.
minute: S ch pht, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v
tng s gi ln tng ng.
second: S ch giy, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v
tng s pht, s gi ln tng ng.
V d:
TIME(14, 45, 30) = 2:45:30 PM
TIME(14, 65, 30) = 3:05:30 PM
TIME(25, 85, 75) = 2:26:15 AM
* Cng nh DATE(), hm TIME() rt hu dng khi hour, minute, second l nhng
cng thc m khng phi l mt con s, n s gip chng ta tnh ton chnh xc
hn
Hm TIMEVALUE()
Chuyn i mt chui vn bn c dng thi gian thnh mt gi tr thi gian c
th tnh ton c
C php: = TIMEVALUE(time_text)
time_text: Chui vn bn cn chuyn i
V d:
TIMEVALUE("26:15") = 0.09375 (= 2:15:00 AM)
=WEEKDAY Tr v s th t ca ngy trong tun t gi tr ngy thng.
=WEEKNUM Tr v s th t ca tun trong nm t gi tr ngy thng.
=WORKDAY Tr v ngy lm vic xy ra trc hoc sau mc thi gian a ra.
Trong cng vic hng ngy, chc hn chng ta hay ngh n chuyn vic lm ny
ca mnh mt ht my phn trm ca mt nm, v d, mt ngy ng ht 6 ting, l
1/4 ngy, vy mt nm chng ta ng ht 25% (hic) thi gian...
Hoc mt nhn vin ca cng ty xin ngh vic vo thng 5, lng tnh theo nm,
vy cng ty phi tr cho ngi bao nhiu phn trm lng khi cho ngh vic?
Excel c mt hm tnh t l ca mt khong thi gian trong mt nm, v cho
php tnh theo nhiu kiu (nm 365 ngy, hay nm 360 ngy, tnh theo kiu M
hay theo kiu chu u...):
Hm YEARFRAC()
(Dch t ch Year: nm, v Frac = Fraction: t l)
C php: = YEARFRAC(start_date, end_date [, basis])
start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca
khong thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt
qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip
ngy thng di dng text.
basis: Mt con s, quy nh kiu tnh:
* 0 : (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu Bc M, mt nm c 360 ngy chia
cho 12 thng, mt thng c 30 ngy.
* 1 : Tnh ton theo s ngy thc t ca nm v s ngy thc t ca tng thng
* 2 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 360 ngy, nhng s ngy l s ngy thc t ca
tng thng
* 3 : Tnh ton theo mt nm c 365 ngy, v s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng
thng
* 4 : Tnh ton theo kiu Chu u,mi thng c 30 ngy (nu start_date hoc
end_date m ri vo ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30
ca thng )
V d: Tnh t l gia ngy 15/3/2010 v ngy 30/7/2010 so vi 1 nm:
YEARFRAC("15/3/2010", "30/7/2010") = 37%
Tnh s ngy chnh lch theo kiu mt nm c 360 ngy
Hin nay, vn cn mt s h thng k ton dng kiu tnh thi gian l mt thng
coi nh c 30 ngy v mt nm coi nh c 360 ngy!
Gp trng hp ny, vic tnh ton thi gian s khng n gin, v thc t th s
ngy trong mi thng u c ging nhau.
C l v ngh n chuyn , nn Excel c mt hm dnh ring cho cc h thng k
ton da trn c s mt nm c 360 ngy, l hm DAYS360.
Hm DAYS360()
C php: = DAYS360(start_date, end_date [, method])
start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca
khong thi gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt
qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip
ngy thng di dng text.
method: Mt gi tr logic (TRUE, FALSE) ch cch tnh ton, theo kiu chu
u hay theo kiu M.
* FALSE: (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu M: Nu start_date l ngy 31
ca thng, th n c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng . Nu end_date l ngy 31
ca thng v start_date nh hn 30, th end_date c i thnh ngy 1 ca thng
k tip.
* TRUE: Tnh ton theo kiu chu u: H start_date hoc end_date m ri vo
ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng .
V d: So snh s ngy chnh lch gia 01/01/2008 v 31/5/2008 theo kiu mt
nm c 360 ngy v theo kiu thng (dng hm DATEDIF)
DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008") = 150
DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", TRUE) = 149
DATEDIF("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", "d") = 151
Tnh s ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian
Bnh thng, nu ly ngy thng tr ngy thng, kt qu s bao gm lun nhng
ngy l, ngy ngh, v.v... Cn nu tnh s ngy lm vic trong mt khong thi
gian, th phi tr bt i nhng ngy khng lm vic.
Trong Excel c mt hm chuyn tnh ton nhng ngy lm vic gia hai khong
thi gian m khng bao gm cc ngy th By, Ch Nht v nhng ngy ngh khc
c ch nh: Hm NETWORKDAYS (ng nguyn ngha ca n: net
workdays).
D nhin hm ny ch thch hp vi nhng c quan lm vic 5 ngy mt tun, ch
nh chng ta, lm tut, c khi l 365 ngy mt nm (hic) th hm ny v tc dng!
Hm NETWORKDAYS()
C php: = NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date [, holidays])
start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc cng
vic. Nn nhp bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng
thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng di dng text.
holidays: Danh sch nhng ngy ngh ngoi nhng ngy th By v Ch Nht.
Danh sch ny c th l mt vng c t tn. Nu nhp trc tip th phi b
trong cp du mc {}.
V d: Cng thc tnh s ngy lm vic gia ngy 1/12/2010 v ngy 10/1/2011,
trong c ngh ngy Noel (25/12) v ngy Tt Ty (1/1):
= NETWORKDAYS("01/12/2010", "10/01/2011", {"12/25/2007", "1/1/2011"})
Hm DATEDIF()
C l cch d nht khi mun tnh ton ngy thng nm l dng hm DATEDIF().
C php: = DATEDIF(start_day, end_day, unit)
start_day: Ngy u
end_day: Ngy cui (phi ln hn ngy u)
unit: Chn loi kt qu tr v (khi dng trong hm phi g trong du ngoc kp)
y : s nm chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui
m : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui
d : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui
md : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v thng ngy cui, m khng ph thuc
vo s nm v s thng
ym : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s
nm v s ngy
yd : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s
nm
V d:
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "y") = 100 (nm)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "m") = 1211 (thng)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "d") = 36889 (ngy)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "md") = 30 (= ngy 31 - ngy 1)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "ym") = 11 (= thng 12 - thng 1)
DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "yd") = 365 (= ngy 31/12 - ngy 1/1)
*Tnh tui (2):
bi trc, ti a ra mt ci cng thc tnh tui di thong nh vy:
= YEAR(NOW() - YEAR(Birthdate) - (DATE(YEAR(NOW()),
MONTH(Birthdate), DAY(Birthdate)) > TODAY())
l khi cha bit n hm DATEDIF().
By gi, vi DATEDIF(), cng thc trn ch ngn nh vy thi, m ra kt qu vn
chnh xc:
= DATEDIF(Birthdate, TODAY(), "y")
V d, hm nay l ngy 09/01/2007:
* Vi ngy sinh l 05/01/1969 ( t chc sinh nht ri), DATEDIF("05/01/1969",
TODAY(), "y") = 39
* Nhng vi ngy sinh l 11/1/1969 (cha t chc sinh nht),
DATEDIF("11/01/1969", TODAY(), "y") = 38
*Tm mt gi, pht, giy no tnh t lc ny
Nh ti ni trn, hm TIME() s t ng iu chnh kt qu ca mt gi tr
thi gian khi nhng thng s trong hm khng hp l (gi > 24, pht v giy >
60). V do , khi cn tnh ton hoc tm mt gi tr thi gian no k t lc ny
(hoc bt k lc no), ngi ta thng s dng hm TIME().
V d, cng thc sau y s cho ra kt qu l thi gian vo 12 ting na k t lc
ny:
= TIME(HOUR(NOW()) + 12, MINUTE(NOW()), SECOND(NOW()))
Khng ging nh hm DATE(), bn khng th n gin cng thm gi, pht, hay
giy trong hm TIME(). V d cng thc sau y ch lm mi chuyn l tng thm
1 ngy vo ngy thng nm v thi gian hin ti:
= NOW() + 1
Nu bn mun cng thm gi, pht, hay giy vo mt gi tr thi gian, bn phi
tnh thi gian cng thm theo mt t l ca mt ngy. V d, bi v mt ngy th
c 24 gi, nn mt gi c tnh nh l 1/24. Cng vy, bi v mt gi th c 60
pht, nn mt pht s c tnh nh l 1/24/60 (ca mt ngy). V cui cng, bi
v c 60 giy trong mt pht, nn 1 giy trong mt ngy s c tnh bng
1/24/60/60.
*Tnh tng thi gian
Khi tnh tng thi gian, bn nn phn bit hai trng hp sau y:
* Cng thm gi, pht, giy: V d, by gi l 8 gi, cng thm 2 ting na, l 10
gi... Hoc by gi l 23 gi, cng thm 3 ting na l 2 gi sng (ch khng phi
26 gi)... Nu cng kiu ny th bn c cng bnh thng, dng hm TIME() v
nu cn th theo bng hng dn trn.
* Cng tng thi gian lm vic: Mi ngy ti lm vic 18 ting, vy hai ngy ti
lm my ting? l 36 ting. Nhng nu bn dng format bnh thng dng thi
gian th Excel n s t quy ra (36-24) = 12:00... c kt qu l 36:00, bn phi
nh dng thi gian cho theo kiu:
[h]:mm:ss (gi nm trong mt cp du ngoc vung)
Ly li nh dng ngy thng
i khi, bn nhn c mt ci database m khng hiu v mt l do g , cell
cha ngy thng nm n nh sau: 20070823,
ngha l n c nh dng theo kiu YYYYMMDD.
Trng hp ny, khng th dng Format Cell ca Excel nh dng li, m bn
phi dng n hm DATE(year, month, day)
v cc hm x l text, v d hm LEFT(), MID() v RIGHT() ly cc tr s
ngy, thng, nm cho hm DATE():
Ti gi s con s 20070823 ny ang nm cell A1, th cng thc LEFT(A1, 4) s
cho ta tr s ca nm, MID(A1, 3, 2) s cho tr s ca thng
v RIGHT(A1, 2) s cho tr s ca ngy.
Gi s trong Control Panel ca bn nh dng ngy thng nm theo kiu
dd/mm/yyyy, v cell nhn kt qu ca bn c nh dng theo kiu ngy thng
nm,
bn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) vi 3 tham s l 3 cng thc va lm
trn, ta s c:
=DATE(LEFT(A1, 4), MID(A1, 5, 2), RIGHT(A1, 2)) 23/8/2007
HM TM KIM V THAM CHIU
Bao gm cc hm tm kim v tham chiu rt hu ch khi bn lm vic vi CSDL
ln trong EXCEL nh k ton, tnh lng, thu...
=ADDRESS(row_num, column_num [, abs_num] [, a1] [, sheet_text]) Dng to
a ch dng chui k t, theo ch s dng v ch s ct c cung cp.
row_num: S th t dng ca a ch
column_num: S th t ct ca a ch
abs_num: Kiu a ch (tuyt i hay tng i) - mc nh l tuyt i
a1: Dng a ch (=TRUE: dng A1; =FALSE: dng R1C1) - mc nh l TRUE
sheet_text: Tn ca sheet cha a ch - mc nh l khng c
=AREAS(reference) Tr v s vng tham chiu trong mt tham chiu. Mi vng
tham chiu c th l mt ri rc hoc l mt dy lin tc trong bng tnh.
reference: L mt hoc nhiu vng tham chiu m bn cn m. Nu mun a
nhiu vng ri rc nhau vo cng thc th bn phn cch chng bng du phy, nu
khng ngn bng du phy, Excel s khng m (xem v d 3 di y)
=CHOOSE Tr v gi tr trong mng gi tr ti v tr c ch nh.
=COLUMN(reference) Tr v s th t ct ca u tin gc trn bn tri ca
vng tham chiu.
reference: L hoc mt vng nhiu . Nu reference b trng th COLUMN() tr
v s th t ct ca cha cng thc.
=COLUMNS(array) Tr v s ct ca vng tham chiu.
array: L hoc mt vng nhiu , mng tham chiu
=HYPERLINK(link_location, friendly_name) To mt siu lin kt, mt lin kt
m mt ti liu...
link_location: ng dn n ti liu cn m, nhp dng chui k t.
Link_location c th ch n mt c bit, tn ca mt dy trong mt trang
bng tnh hoc mt bng tnh, hoc ch n mt nh du (bookmark) trong
Microsoft Excel. Link_location cng c th ch n mt tp tin lu trn cng,
hoc mt ng dn truy xut ni b trn mt my ch hoc mt ng dn ti
nguyn URL trn mng intranet, internet.
- Link_location c th l mt chui k t t trong du nhy kp, hoc mt no
cha ng dn di dng chui k t.
- Nu link_location lin kt n mt ti nguyn khng tn ti, s xut hin li khi
bn kch vo cha hm HYPERLINK() ny.
firendly_name: L ni dung hin th trong cha hm HYPERLINK(), c th l
mt s, hoc chui k t. Ni dung ny s hin th bng mu xanh v c gch
chn, nu khng c firendly_name th chnh link_location s hin th.
- Firendly_name c th l mt gi tr, mt chui k t, mt tn mng, hoc mt
lin kt n mt gi tr hoc mt chui vn bn.
- Nu firendly_name lin kt n mt gi tr b li, th chnh tn ci li s c
hin th thay th cho ni dung bn cn.
V d:
=HYPERLINK("http://example.microsoft.com/report/bu dget report.xls", "Click
for report")
s hin th: Click for report, v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh
budget report.xls ca trang web http://example.microsoft.com/report
=HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10)
s hin th ni dung ca F10 v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh
book2.xls th mc GPE ca F
=HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10)
s hin th ni dung ca F10 v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh
book2.xls th mc GPE ca F
=MATCH Tr v v tr ca mt gi tr trong bng d liu
=INDEX Tr v mt gi tr trong bng d liu tng ng vi ch mc ca n.
Tm kim trong nhiu ct
i khi, cc d liu dng tm kim khng nm mt ct m trong nhiu ct.
V d, bn c mt danh sch c tch sn h v tn ring ra hai ct.
Ngi ta yu cu da vo h v tn xc nh chc v.
Chng ta c th dng mt ct ph ni h v tn li ri tm theo ct ph... Nhng
c l khng cn, v ti s dng hm INDEX() v MATCH() vi cng thc mng.
Hm MATCH() c mt c php t ngi bit n, l:
=MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type)
value1 & value2 l cc d liu tm (v d h v tn)
array1 & array2 l cc ct (hoc hng) cha cc d liu dng tm kim
V y l c php dng INDEX() ghp vi MATCH() trong cng thc mng:
{=INDEX(reference, MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type))}
=INDIRECT(ref_text [, a1])
ref_text l tham chiu ti mt (c th l dng A1 hoc dng R1C1), l tn nh
ngha ca mt tham chiu, hoc l mt tham chiu dng chui.
-Nu ref_text khng hp l, INDIRECT() s bo li #REF!
-Nu ref_text cha tham chiu n mt bng tnh khc th bng tnh ny phi ang
m, nu khng, INDIRECT() cng bo li #REF!
a1 l gi tr logic xc nh dng tham chiu bn trong ref_text.
a1 = TRUE (hoc l 1, hoc khng nhp) l kiu tham chiu A1
a1 = FALSE (hoc l 2) l kiu tham chiu R1C1
Tr v gi tr ca mt tham chiu t chui k t. Tham chiu c tr v ngay tc
thi hin th ni dung ca chng. Cng c th dng hm INDIRECT khi mun
thay i tham chiu ti mt bn trong mt cng thc m khng cn thay i cng
thc .
=LOOKUP D tm mt gi tr
Hm LOOKUP
Dng d tm mt gi tr t mt dng hoc mt ct trong mt dy hoc mt
mng gi tr.
Hm LOOKUP() c hai dng: Vec-t (vector form) v Mng (array form)
* Dng Vec-t: LOOKUP() tm kim trn mt dng hoc mt ct, nu tm thy s
tr v gi tr ca cng v tr trn dng (hoc ct) c ch nh.
* Dng Mng: LOOKUP() tm kim trn dng (hoc ct) u tin ca mt mng
gi tr, nu tm thy s tr v gi tr ca cng v tr trn dng (hoc ct) cui cng
trong mng .
Vector form (dng vec-t)
C php: LOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_vector, result_vector)
lookup_value: L gi tr LOOKUP() s tm kim trong lookup_vector. N c th l
mt s, mt k t, mt gi tr logic, mt tn c nh ngha ca mt vng
hoc mt tham chiu n mt gi tr.
lookup_vector: L mt vng m ch gm mt dng (hoc mt ct) c cha
lookup_value. Nhng gi tr cha trong vng ny c th l mt s, mt k t hoc
mt gi tr logic.
- lookup_vector phi c sp xp theo th t tng dn, nu khng, LOOKUP() c
th cho kt qu khng chnh xc.
- Nu khng tm thy lookup_value trong lookup_vector th LOOKUP() s ly gi
tr ln nht m nh hn hoc bng lookup_value.
- Nu lookup_value nh hn gi tr nh nht trong lookup_vector th LOOKUP()
s bo li #NA!
result_vector: L mt vng m ch gm mt dng (hoc mt ct) cha gi tr tr
v. Kch thc ca result_vector bt buc phi bng kch thc ca lookup_vector.
^^ Array form (dng mng)
C php: LOOKUP(lookup_value, array)
lookup_value: L gi tr LOOKUP() s tm kim trong array. N c th l mt s,
mt k t, mt gi tr logic, mt tn c nh ngha ca mt vng hoc mt
tham chiu n mt gi tr.
- Nu khng tm thy lookup_value trong array th LOOKUP() s ly gi tr ln
nht m nh hn hoc bng lookup_value.
- Nu lookup_value nh hn gi tr nh nht trong ct hoc hng u tin trong
array th LOOKUP() s bo li #NA!
array: L mt vng cha lookup_value, c th l s, k t, hoc gi tr logic.
Dng mng ca LOOKUP() gn tng ng nh hm VLOOKUP() hoc
HLOOKUP().
Khc bit ch VLOOKUP() v HLOOKUP() tm kim trn ct (hoc dng) u
tin, cn LOOKUP() tm kim trn ct hoc trn dng ty thuc vo dng mng
c khai bo:
- Nu array l mng c s ct nhiu hn s dng th LOOKUP() s tm trn dng
u tin.
- Nu array l mng c s dng nhiu hn s ct th LOOKUP() s tm trn ct u
tin.
- Trng hp array l mng c s dng bng s ct th LOOKUP() s tm trn ct
u tin.
- VLOOKUP() v HLOOKUP() ly kt qu trn ct (hoc) dng c ch nh,
cn LOOKUP() lun lun ly kt qu trn dng (hoc ct) cui cng.
- Cc gi tr trn dng (hoc ct) u tin ca array phi c sp xp theo th t
tng dn, nu khng, LOOKUP() c th cho kt qu khng chnh xc.
Hm GETPIVOTDATA()
Tr v d liu c lu gi trong bo co PivotTable. C th dng
GETPIVOTDATA() ly d liu tng kt t mt bo co PivotTable, vi iu
kin l phi thy c d liu tng kt t trong bo co .
nhanh chng nhp cng thc GETPIVOTDATA(), bn c th g du = vo
mun nhn d liu tng kt, ri nhp vo cha s liu tng kt ca bo co
PivotTable.
C php: = GETPIVOTDATA(data_field, pivot_table, field1, item1, field2,
item2,...)
data_field : Tn trng cha d liu tng kt ca bo co PivotTable. Tn ny phi
c t trong mt cp du nhy kp.
pivot_data : Tham chiu n mt , dy , hoc tn dy bn trong mt bo co
PivotTable. Thng tin ny c dng xc nh bo co PivotTable no cha d
liu tr v.
field1, item1, field2, item2,... : C th c t 1 n 126 (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc
th con s ny ch l 14) cp tn field v item m t d liu mun tr v. Nhng
cp ny c th thuc bt c loi no. Nu tn field v item khng l ngy thng
hoc s liu, cn phi t chng trong cp du nhy kp. i vi loi bo co
OLAP PivotTable, items c th bao gm y ng dn ln tn ca item. Mt
cp field v item ca OLAP PivotTable c th nh sau:
"[Product]","[Product].[All Products].[Foods].[Baked Goods]"
Lu :
* Cc field hay item tnh ton v cc php tnh t to c th c t trong php
tnh GETPIVOTDATA.
* Nu pivot_table l mt dy c cha nhiu hn 1 bo co PivotTable, d liu tr
v s l t bo co c to ra sau cng.
* Nu i s field v cc i s ca item m t ch mi mt , gi tr ca s
c tr v m khng cn bit gi tr l chui, l s, l li, hay l mt th g
...
* Nu item cha ngy thng, gi tr phi c biu din di dng mt chui s
hoc c thit lp bng cch dng hm DATE() gi tr s khng bin i
khi bng tnh c m mt my khc, c h thng nh dng ngy thng khc
vi ni to ra n. V d, mt item tham chiu ti ngy 5 thng 3 nm 1999 c th
c nhp l 36224 hay DATE(1999, 3, 5). Thi gian c th c nhp nh mt
gi tr thp phn hoc bng cch dng hm TIME().
* Nu pivot_table khng phi l mt dy c cha bo co PivotTable,
GETPIVOTDATA() s tr v li #REF!
* Nu cc i s miu t mt field khng th thy c, hoc nu chng gm mt
trng khng hin th, GETPIVOTDATA() cng s tr v li #REF!
Hm DGET()
Trch mt gi tr t mt ct ca mt danh sch hay c s d liu, khp vi iu
kin c ch nh.
C php: = DGET(database, field, criteria)
=OFFSET(reference, rows, cols [, height] [, width]) Tr v mt vng tham chiu t
mt vng xut pht.
y l mt trong nhng hm rt hay ca Excel, v c ng dng rt nhiu.
N dng tham chiu n mt vng no , bt u t mt , hoc mt dy ,
vi mt khong cch c ch nh.
reference: L vng m bn mun lm im xut pht tham chiu n vng khc.
Reference phi ch n mt hoc mt dy lin tc, nu khng, hm s bo li
#VALUE!
rows: S dng di ln (hoc xung) tnh t reference, nhp s dng nu mun di
xung, hoc s m nu mun di ln.
cols: S ct di sang phi tri (hoc phi) tnh t reference, nhp s dng nu
mun di sang phi, hoc s m nu mun di sang tri.
height: L s dng ( cao) ca vng tham chiu cn tr v.
width: L s ct ( rng) ca vng tham chiu cn tr v.
Ghi ch:
* Nu s dng (rows) hoc ct (cols) vt ra ngoi phm vi bng tnh, hm s bo
li #REF!
* cao (height) v rng (width) nu khng nhp, th xem nh n bng vi
cao v rng ca vng xut pht (reference)
=ROW(reference) Tr v s th t dng ca u tin trong dy . Tr v s th
t dng ca u tin gc trn bn tri ca vng tham chiu.
reference: L hoc mt vng nhiu . Nu reference b trng th ROW() tr v s
th t ct ca cha cng thc.
=ROWS(array) Tr v s dng ca vng tham chiu.
array: L hoc mt vng nhiu , mng tham chiu
=TRANSPOSE(array) Chuyn mt vng d liu ngang thnh dc v ngc li.
Hm TRANSPOSE() lun lun c nhp dng cng thc mng (nhn Ctrl-
Shift-Enter sau khi nhp)
array: L mng d liu cn hon chuyn
Nu s ct trong vng nhp cng thc nhiu hn s hng ca array, hoc s hng
trong vng nhp cng thc nhiu hn s ct ca array, hm s bo li #NA ti
nhng b d ra.
=VLOOKUP(gi tr tm, vng cn tm, ct cn ly, cch tm) D tm mt gi tr
trn ct u tin v tr v ...
Hm tm kim v tham chiu theo ct.
Vng cn tm: thng ch gi tr tuyt i: $
Ct cn ly: vng cn tm.
Cch tm: Tm theo 2 gi tr:
0: Ct bn tri ca vng cn tm khng sp xp (ngm nh)
1: Sp xp tng dn.
=HLOOKUP(gi tr tm, vng cn tm, hng cn ly, cch tm) D tm mt gi tr
trn hng u tin v tr v ... - ging hm VLOOKUP
f. HM TON HC V LNG GIC
Bao gm cc hm v ton hc v lng gic gip bn c th gii mt bi ton i
s, gii tch, hoc lng gic t tiu hc n i hc...
Lu n quy cch hin th s ca VN v ca US. lun nhp p mt gi tr
kiu s bn hy s dng bn phm s.
=ABS Tnh tr tuyt i ca mt s
=ACOS Tnh nghch o cosin
=ACOSH Tnh nghch o cosin hyperbol
=ASIN Tnh nghch o sin
=ASINH Tnh nghch o sin hyperbol
=ATAN Tnh nghch o tang
=ATAN2 Tnh nghch o tang vi ta
=ATANH Tnh nghch o tang hyperbol
=CEILING L trn n bi s gn nht
=COMBIN Tnh t hp t s phn t chn
=COS Tnh cosin ca mt gc
=COSH Tnh cosin hyperbol
=DEGREES i radians sang
=EVEN Lm trn mt s n s nguyn chn gn nht.
=EXP Tnh ly tha c s e
=FACT Tnh giai tha ca mt s
=FACTDOUBLE Tnh ly tha cp 2
=FLOOR Lm trn xung n bi s gn nht do bn ch.
=GCD Tm c s chung ln nht
=INT(X) Lm trn xung s nguyn gn nht (Hm ly gi tr l phn nguyn-
Hm cho gi tr l phn nguyn ca X)
=LCM Tm bi s chung nh nht
=LN Tnh logarit c s t nhin ca mt s
=LOG Tnh logarit
=LOG10 Tnh logarit c s 10
=MDETERM Tnh nh thc ca ma trn
=MINVERSE Tm ma trn nghch o
=MMULT Tnh tch 2 ma trn
=MOD(a,b) Hm cho gi tr l phn d ca php chia a:b
=MROUND Lm trn mt s n bi s ca s khc.
=MULTINOMIAL T l giai tha tng vi tch cc giai tha ca cc s.
=ODD Lm trn n mt s nguyn l gn nht.
=PI Tr v gi tr pi
=POWER Tnh ly tha ca mt s
=PRODUCT Tnh tch cc s
=QUOTIENT Ly phn nguyn ca php chia
=RADIANS i sang radians.
=RAND Tr v mt s ngu nhin trong khong 0 v 1
=RANDBETWEEN Tr v mt s ngu nhin trong khong do bn ch nh
Hm ROMAN()
Dng chuyn i mt s dng -rp sang dng s La-m
C php: = ROMAN(number, form)
number: S cn chuyn i
form: dng chuyn i
0 (hoc TRUE, hoc khng nhp): Dng c in
1 cho n 3: Dng c in nhng c rt gn, s cng ln rt gn cng nhiu
(xem thm v d)
4 (hoc FALSE): Dng hin i
Ch :
* number phi l s dng, nu number < 0 hm s bo li #VALUE!
* Nu number l s thp phn, ROMAN() ch chuyn i phn nguyn ca n
* Hm ROMAN() ch x l c ti s ln nht l 3999, nu number > 3999 hm
s bo li #VALUE!
* Sau khi chuyn i, kt qu s l mt d liu dng text, v khng th tnh ton
vi n c na
V d:
ROMAN(499, 0) = CDXCIX = ROMAN(499) = ROMAN(499, TRUE)
ROMAN(499, 1) = LDVLIV
ROMAN(499, 2) = XDIX
ROMAN(499, 3) = VDIV
ROMAN(499, 4) = ID = ROMAN(499, FALSE)
ROMAN(2008) = MMVIII
=ROUND(X,n) Hm lm trn n s ca X
Nu n dng (n>0) s lm trn s bn phi k t v tr du chm thp phn.
Nu n m (n<0) s lm trn s bn tri k t v tr du chm thp phn.
=ROUNDDOWN Lm trn mt s hng xung zero
=ROUNDUP Lm trn mt s hng ra xa zero.
=SIN Tnh sin ca mt gc
=SINH Tnh sin hyperbol ca mt s
=SUM Tnh tng ca cc s
=DSUM (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh tng trong ct gi tr
tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu.
VD: Tnh tng tin lng nhng ngi 26 tui.
Hm SUMIF()
Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha mt iu kin cho trc.
C php: = SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range)
Range : Dy cc tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n
cc cha s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua.
Criteria : iu kin tnh tng. C th dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d,
criteria c th l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v...
Sum_range : L vng thc s tnh tng. Nu b qua, Excel s coi nh
sum_range = range.
Lu :
* Sum_range khng nht thit phi cng kch thc vi range. Vng thc s
tnh tng c xc nh bng u tin pha trn bn tri ca sum_range, v bao
gm thm nhng tng ng vi kch thc ca range. V d:
- Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B5, th vng thc s tnh tng l
B1:B5
- Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B3, th vng thc s tnh tng l
B1:B5
- Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D4, th vng thc s tnh tng l
C1:D4
- Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D2, th vng thc s tnh tng l
C1:D4
* C th dng cc k t i din trong iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du
* i din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g
thm du ~ trc du ? hay *).
* Khi iu kin tnh tng l nhng k t, SUMIF() khng phn bit ch thng
hay ch hoa.
Hm SUMIFS()
Tnh tng cc trong mt vng tha nhiu iu kin cho trc.
C php: = SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2,
criteria2, ...)
Sum_range : Dy cc tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu
n cc cha s. rng v cha gi tr text s c b qua.
Criteria_range1, criteria_range2... : C th c t 1 n 127 vng dng lin kt
vi cc iu kin cho vng.
Criteria1, criteria2... : C th c t 1 n 127 iu kin tnh tng. Chng c th
dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc
"apple", v.v...
Lu :
* Mi trong sum_range ch c tnh tng nu tt c cc iu kin tng ng vi
u ng. Nu tha cc iu kin, n s bng 1, cn khng, th n bng 0.
* Khng ging nh nhng i s range v criteria ca hm SUMIF, trong hm
SUMIFS, mi vng criteria_range phi c cng kch thc v hnh dng ging nh
sum_range.
* C th dng cc k t i din trong cc iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t,
du * i din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g
thm du ~ trc du ? hay *)
* Khi iu kin m l nhng k t, SUMIFS() khng phn bit ch thng
hay ch hoa.
Hm SUMSQ()
Dng tnh tng cc bnh phng ca cc s
C php: = SUMSQ(number1, number2, ...)
number1, number2, ... : C th dng n 255 tham s (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc,
con s ny ch l 30)
Cc tham s (number) c th l mt s, l mt mng, mt tn, hay l mt tham
chiu n mt cha s, v.v...
V d: SUMSQ(3, 4) = (3^2) + (4^2) = 9 + 16 = 25
Ba hm sau y c cch dng v c php tng t nhau:
Hm SUMX2MY2(), Hm SUMXPY2() v Hm SUMXMY2()
d nh tn ca ba hm ny, bn c chng t tri sang phi vi cc quy c
sau:
SUM = Tng, M (Minus) = Tr (hiu s), P (Plus) = Cng (tng s), 2 = Bnh
phng, X v Y l hai mng g , c cha nhiu phn t x v y
Vy, nh ngha v cch tnh ton ca 3 hm ny l:
= SUMX2MY2: Tng ca hiu hai bnh phng ca cc phn t tng ng trong 2
mng d liu
= SUMX2PY2: Tng ca tng hai bnh phng ca cc phn t tng ng trong 2
mng d liu
= SUMXMY2: Tng ca bnh phng ca hiu cc phn t tng ng trong 2
mng d liu
C php:
= SUMX2MY2(array_x, array_y)
= SUMX2PY2(array_x, array_y)
= SUMXMY2(array_x, array_y)
array_x v array_y l cc dy hoc gi tr kiu mng
Lu :
* array_x v array_y bt buc phi c cng kch thc, nu khng, hm s bo li
#NA!
* Nu trong array_x hoc array_y c nhng gi tr kiu text, kiu logic hoc rng,
th s c b qua (khng tnh), tuy nhin cc gi tr = 0 vn c tnh.
=TAN Tnh tang ca mt gc
=TANH Tnh tang hyperbol ca mt s
=TRUNC Ct bt phn thp phn ca s
Hm SUMPRODUCT() Tnh tng cc tch cc phn t tng ng trong cc mng
gi tr
Sum = Tng-Product = Tch
SUMPRODUCT = Tng ca tch (cc mng d liu)
C php: = SUMPRODUCT(array1, array2, ...)
array1, array2, ... : C th dng t 2 ti 255 mng (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th
con s ny ch l 30) v cc mng ny phi cng kch thc vi nhau
Lu :
* Nu cc mng khng cng kch thc, SUMPRODUCT s bo li #VALUE!
* Bt k mt phn t no trong mng khng phi l d liu kiu s, s c
SUMPRODUCT coi nh bng 0 (zero)
Hm SUBTOTAL l mt hm rt linh hot nhng cng l mt trong cc hm hi
kh s dng ca Excel. iu kh hiu th nht chnh l ci tn ca n, v n thc
s lm c nhiu th hn ngha ca tn hm. i s th nht ca hm bt buc
bn phi nh con s i din cho php tnh cn thc hin trn tp s liu (trong
Excel 2010 c tnh nng AutoComplete gip chng ta khi nh cc con s ny).
Hm SUBTOTAL c Microsoft nng cp k t phin bn Excel 2003 vi s gia
tng cc tu chn cho i s th nht ca hm, tuy nhin iu ny dn n s
khng tng thch vi cc phin bn c nu chng ta s dng cc tnh nng mi b
sung ny.
i s u tin ca ca hm SUBTOTAL xc nh hm thc s no s c s
dng khi tnh ton (xem trong danh sch bn di). V d nu i s l 1 th hm
SUBTOTAL hot ng ging nhng hm AVERAGE, nu i s th nht l 9 th
hm hm SUBTOTAL hot ng ging nhng hm SUM.
SUBTOTAL l hm tnh ton cho mt nhm con trong mt danh sch hoc bng
d liu tu theo php tnh m bn chn la trong i s th nht.
C php: = SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, ref2,...)
Function_num: Cc con s t 1 n 11 (hay 101 n 111) qui nh hm no s
c dng tnh ton trong SUBTOTAL
Ref1, ref2: Cc vng a ch tham chiu m bn mun thc hin php tnh trn .
Trong Excel 2010, bn c th dng n 254 ref (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th
con s ny ch l 29)
Ghi ch:
* Nu c hm SUBTOTAL khc t lng trong cc i s ref1, ref2,... th cc hm
lng ny s b b qua khng c tnh, nhm trnh trng hp tnh ton 2 ln.
* i s function_num nu t 1 n 11 th hm SUBTOTAL tnh ton bao gm c
cc gi tr n trong tp s liu (hng n). i s function_num nu t 101 n 111
th hm SUBTOTAL ch tnh ton cho cc gi tr khng n trong tp s liu (b
qua cc gi tr n).
* Hm SUBTOTAL s b qua khng tnh ton tt c cc hng b n bi lnh Filter
(Auto Filter) m khng ph thuc vo i s function_num c dng (1 ging
101...).
* Hm SUBTOTAL c thit k tnh ton cho cc ct s liu theo chiu dc,
n khng c thit k tnh theo chiu ngang.
* Hm ny ch tnh ton cho d liu 2-D, do vy nu d liu tham chiu dng 3-D
(V d v tham chiu 3-D: =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet13!B5) th hm SUBTOTAL bo
li #VALUE!
Hm SQRT()
Dng tnh cn bc hai ca mt s
C php: = SQRT(number)
number: S thc, dng (nu number < 0 hm s bo li #NUM!)
V d: Gi s A2, c con s -16
SQRT(16) = 4
SQRT(A2) = #NUM!
SQRT(ABS(A2)) = 4
Hm SQRTPI()
Dng tnh cn bc hai ca mt s nhn vi Pi (= 3.14159265358979)
C php: = SQRTPI(number)
number: S thc, dng nhn vi Pi (nu number < 0 hm s bo li #NUM!)
V d: Gi s A2, c con s -16
SQRT(1) = 1.772454 (cn bc hai ca Pi)
SQRT(2) = 2.506628 (cn bc hai ca 2*Pi)
Hm SIGN()
Tr v du ca s: 1 nu l s dng, 0 (zero) nu l s 0 v -1 nu l s m.
C php: = SIGN(number)
V d:
SIGN(10) = 1
SIGN(4-4) = 0
SIGN(-0.057) = -1
Hm SERIESSUM()
Dng tnh tng ly tha ca mt chui s, theo cng thc sau y:
series (x, n, m, a) = a1*x^n + a2*x^(n+m) + a3*x^(n+2m) + ... + ai*x^(n+(i-1)m)
C php: = SERIESSUM(x, n, m, coefficients)
x : gi tr nhp vo cho chui ly tha
n : ly tha khi to tng ti x
m : bc tng cho mi phn t trong chui
coefficients : tp hp h s s c nhn vi mi ly tha ca x
Cc thng s ny phi l cc d liu kiu s, nu khng, hm s bo li #VALUE!
V d:
SERIESSUM(5, 0, 2, {1, 2, 3, 4}) = 64,426
Din gii chi tit: (x = 5, n = 0, m = 2, coefficients = 1, 2, 3, 4)
=1*5^0 + 2*5^(0+2) + 3*5^(0+2*2) + 4*5^(0+3*2) = 64426
HM THNG K
Bao gm cc hm s gip bn gii quyt cc bi ton thng k t n gin n
phc tp.
=AVEDEV Tnh bnh qun phn cc
=AVERAGE(vng) Tnh trung bnh cng cc s.
=AVERAGEA Tnh trung bnh cng cc gi tr
=DAVERAGE (vng d liu, ct cn tnh, vng tiu chun) Hm tnh trung bnh
cc gi tr trong ct tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun trong vng d liu.
Hm AVERAGEIF()
Tr v trung bnh cng (s hc) ca tt c cc c chn tha mn mt iu kin
cho trc.
C php: = AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, average_range)
range : L mt hoc nhiu cn tnh trung bnh, c th bao gm cc con s, cc tn
vng, cc mng hoc cc tham chiu n cc gi tr...
criteria : L iu kin di dng mt s, mt biu thc, a ch hoc chui, qui
nh vic tnh trung bnh cho nhng no...
average_range : L tp hp cc tht s c tnh trung bnh. Nu b trng th
Excel dng range tnh.
Lu :
* Cc trong range nu c cha nhng gi tr lun l (TRUE hoc FALSE) th s
c b qua.
* Nhng rng trong average_range cng s c b qua.
* Nu range rng hoc c cha d liu text, AVERAGEIF s bo li #DIV/0!
* Nu c mt no trong criteria rng, AVERAGEIF s xem nh n bng 0.
* Nu khng c no trong range tha mn iu kiu ca criteria, AVERAGEIF
s bo li #DIV/0!
* Bn c th cc k t i din nh ?, * trong criteria (du ? thay cho mt k t
no , v du * thay cho mt chui no ). Khi iu kin trong criteria l chnh
cc du ? hoc *, th bn g thm du ~ trc n.
* average_range khng nht thit phi c cng kch thc vi range, m cc thc
s c tnh trung bnh s dng trn cng bn tri ca average_range lm bt
u, v bao gm thm nhng tng ng vi kch thc ca range.
Hm AVERAGEIFS()
Tr v trung bnh cng (s hc) ca tt c cc c chn tha mn nhiu iu
kin cho trc.
C php: = AVERAGEIFS(average_range, criteria_range1, criteria1,
criteria_range2, criteria2, ...)
average_range : Vng cn tnh trung bnh, c th bao gm cc con s, cc tn
vng, cc mng hoc cc tham chiu n cc gi tr...
criteria_range1, criteria_range2, ... : Vng cha nhng iu kin tnh trung bnh.
C th khai bo t 1 n 127 vng.
criteria1, criteria2, ... : L cc iu kin tnh trung bnh. C th khai bo t 1
n 127 iu kin, di dng s, biu thc, tham chiu hoc chui...
Lu :
* Nu average_range rng hoc c cha d liu text, AVERAGEIFS s bo li
#DIV/0!
* Nu c mt no trong nhng vng criteria_range rng, AVERAGEIFS s xem
nh n bng 0.
* Nhng gi tr logic: TRUE s c xem l 1, v FALSE s c xem l 0.
* Mi trong average_range ch c tnh trung bnh nu tha tt c iu kin quy
nh cho
* Khng ging nh AVERAGEIF(), mi vng criteria_range phi c cng kch
thc vi average_range
* Nu c mt no trong average_range khng th chuyn i sang dng s, hoc
nu khng c no tha tt c cc iu kin, AVERAGEIFS s bo li #DIV/0!
* C th cc k t i din nh ?, * cho cc iu kin (du ? thay cho mt k t
no , v du * thay cho mt chui no ). Khi iu kin trong criteria l chnh
cc du ? hoc *, th bn g thm du ~ trc n.
Hm COUNT() m d liu cha s (m s khng trng) - m s c trong
vng. Nhng ch m nhng c kiu d liu l kiu s.
C php=COUNT(vng)
=COUNTA m s cha d liu
=COUNTIF(Vng cn m, iu kin) Hm m c iu kin - m s c
trong vng vi iu kin ch ra iu kin.
Hm COUNTIF m c kiu d liu l kiu s v c kiu k t.
=DCOUNT(vng d liu, ct cn m, vng tiu chun) m s cha lng gi
tr s trong ct tho mn k trong vng tiu chun tm kim trong vng d liu.
VD: m xem c bao nhiu ngi c mc lng l 500000.
=MAX(vng) Tm s ln nht trong vng
=MAXA Tm gi tr ln nht
Hm DMAX()
C php: = DMAX(database, field, criteria)=DMAX (vng d liu, ct gi tr,
vng tiu chun)
Hm tnh gi tr cao nht trong ct gi tr tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun
trong vng d liu.
VD: Tm xem nhng ngi 26 tui ai cao lng nht.
=MIN(vng) Tm s nh nht trong vng
=MINA Tm gi tr nh nht
Hm DMIN()
C php: =DMIN(database, field, criteria)=DMIN (vng d liu, ct gi tr, vng
tiu chun)
Hm tnh gi tr nh nht trong ct gi tr tho mn iu kin ca vng tiu chun
trong vng d liu.
VD: Tm xem nhng ngi 26 tui ai thp lng nht.
=RANK( cn xp th, vng cn so snh) Tm v th ca mt s trong dy s.
Vng cn so snh: Thng ch gi tr tuyt i: $
Hm DVARP()
C php: = DVARP(database, [field,] criteria)
Tnh ton s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn ton th tp hp, bng cch s
dng cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo
mt iu kin c ch nh.
Hm DVAR()
C php: = DVAR(database, [field,] criteria)
c lng s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn mt mu, bng cch s dng cc
s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu
kin c ch nh.
Hm DSUM()
C php: = DSUM(database, field, criteria)
Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt
iu kin c ch nh.
Hm DSTDEVP()
C php: = DSTDEVP(database, field, criteria)
Tnh lch chun ca mt tp hp theo ton th cc tp hp, bng cch s dng
cc s liu trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt
iu kin c ch nh.
Hm DSTDEV()
C php: = DSTDEV(database, field, criteria)
c lng lch chun ca mt tp hp theo mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu
trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin
c ch nh.
Hm DPRODUCT()
C php: = DPRODUCT(database, field, criteria)
Nhn cc gi tr trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo
mt iu kin c ch nh.
m s rng trong bng tnh
Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISBLANK(range), 1, 0))} vi range l vng d
liu cn kim tra.
m s cha nhng gi tr khng phi l kiu s
Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISNUMBER(range), 0, 1))} vi range l vng
d liu cn kim tra.
m s b li
Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISERROR(range), 1, 0))} vi range l vng d
liu cn kim tra.
g. HM X L VN BN V D LIU
Bao gm cc hm x l chui vn bn nh trch lc, tm kim, thay th, chuyn i
chui vn bn trong Excel.
Hm ASC()
Dng i cc k t double-byte sang cc k t single-byte cho nhng ngn ng
s dng b k t double-byte.
C php: = ASC(text)
text : L ch hoc tham chiu n mt c cha ch. Nu text khng cha bt k
mu t no thuc loi double-byte, th text s khng c chuyn i.
V d: = ASC("Excel") = Excel
=CHAR Chuyn s thnh k t
=CLEAN Xa k t khng ph hp
=CODE Tr v m s ca k t u tin
Hm CONCATENATE
Cng dng: Dng ni nhiu chui li vi nhau
Cng thc: =CONCATENATE(text1,text2,...)
V d: =CONCATENATE("Gii php", "Excel", " - ", "Cng c tuyt vi ca bn)
Gii php Excel - Cng c tuyt vi ca bn
=DOLLAR Chuyn nh dng s thnh tin t
Hm EXACT
Cng dng: Dng so snh hai chui vi nhau.
Cng thc: =EXACT(text1,text2)
Hm EXACT phn bit ch thng v ch hoa.
Nu 2 chui text1, text2 ging nhau hon ton, hm s tr v TRUE; nu khng, s
tr v tr FALSE
V d:
=EXACT("Gii php", "Gii php") TRUE
=EXACT("Gii php", "Gii Php") FALSE
=FIXED Chuyn mt s sang nh dng vn bn
=LEFT(X,n) Hm LEFT ly n k t t bn tri sang ca vn bn X
=LEN Tnh di mt chui
=LOWER Chuyn thnh ch thng.
=PROPER Chuyn k t u mi t thnh ch hoa
Hm MID Dng trch xut mt chui con (substring) t mt chui
Cng thc: =MID(text, start_num, num_chars])=MID(X, m, n)
Hm MID ly n k t trong chui X bt u t v tr m.
text: chui vn bn cn trch xut
start_num: v tr bt u trch ra chui con, tnh t bn tri sang
num_chars: s k t ca chui con cn trch ra
- num_chars phi l s nguyn dng
- start_num phi l s nguyn dng
- Nu start_num ln hn di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l chui rng
V d: =MID("Karen Elizabeth Hammond", 7, 9) Elizabeth
Hm REPLACE
Cng dng: Dng thay th mt phn ca chui bng mt chui khc, da vo s
k t c ch nh
Cng thc: =REPLACE(old_text, start_num, num_chars, new_text)
old_text: chui vn bn cn c x l
start_num: v tr bt u tm ci s thay th, tnh t bn tri sang
num_chars: s k t ca chui cn c thay th
new_text: chui vn bn s thay th cho s k t chn bi start_num v
num_chars
Ci kh ca hm ny l xc nh c bi start_num v num_chars. Lm sao bit
c bt u t u v thay th bao nhiu ch? Ti gi nh:
- Bn dng hm FIND() hoc SEARCH() xc nh v tr bt u (start_num)
- Dng hm LEN() xc nh s k t ca chui s c thay th (num_chars)
V d: thay s 2007 bng 2008 trong cu Expense Budget for 2007
Dng cng thc nh sau:
=REPLACE(A1, FIND("2007", A1), LEN("2007"), "2008") Expense Budget for
2008
Vi A1 = Expense Budget for 2007
Hm RIGHT Dng trch xut phn bn phi ca mt chui mt hoc nhiu k
t ty theo s ch nh ca bn
Cng thc: =RIGHT(text [,num_chars])=RIGHT(X,n)
Hm RIGHT ly n k t t bn phi sang ca vn bn X
text: chui vn bn cn trch xut k t
num_chars: s k t cn trch ra pha bn phi ca chui text, mc nh l 1
- num_chars phi l s nguyn dng
- Nu num_chars ln hn di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l ton b chui
text
V d: =RIGHT("Karen Elizabeth Hammond", 7) Hammond
=REPT Lp li mt chui
=SUBSTITUTE Thay th mt chui xc nh
Hm FIND v Hm SEARCH
Cng dng: Dng tm v tr bt u ca mt chui con (substring) trong mt
chui
Cng thc:
=FIND(find_text, within_text [, start_num])
=SEARCH(find_text, within_text [, start_num])
find_text: chui vn bn cn tm (chui con)
within_text: chui vn bn cha chui cn tm (chui m)
start_num: v tr bt u tm trong chui within_text (mc nh l 1)
Mt s lu :
- Kt qu ca hai hm ny l mt con s, ch v tr bt u (tnh t start_num) ca
find_text trong within_text
- Dng SEARCH() khi mun tm mt chui bt k. V d: SEARCH("e",
"Expenses") s cho kt qu l 1.
- Dng FIND() khi mun tm chnh xc mt chui c phn bit ch hoa, ch
thng. V d: FIND("e", "Expenses") s cho kt qu l 4.
- Nu khng tm thy find_text, hm s bo li #VALUE
- C th dng nhng k t i din nh *, ? trong find_text ca hm SEARCH()
- Vi hm SEARCH(), nu mun tm chnh k t * hoc ? th g du ~ trc k t
( ~* hoc l ~?)
=TEXT Chuyn mt s sang text.
Hm T
Cng dng: Tr v mt chui nu tr tham chiu l chui, ngc li, s tr v chui
rng - Kim tra d liu kiu text
Cng thc: =T(value)
Hm ny t khi c dng.
Hm SUBSTITUTE
Cng dng: Dng thay th mt chui ny bng mt chui khc. Hm ny cng
tng t hm REPLACE(), nhng d s dng hn.
Cng thc: =SUBSTITUTE(text, old_text, new_text [,instance_num])
text: chui vn bn gc, cn c x l
old_text: chui vn bn cn c thay th
new_text: chui vn bn s thay th vo
instance_num: s ln thay th old_text bng new_text, nu b qua th tt c
old_text tm c s c thay th bng new_text
V d: thay s 2007 bng 2008 trong cu Expense Budget for 2007
Dng cng thc nh sau:
=SUBSTITUTE("Expense Budget for 2007", "2007", "2008") Expense Budget
for 2008
HM THAY TH CHUI NY BNG CHUI KHC (Substituting One
Substring for Another)
C nhiu chng trnh c kh nng tm kim mt s on vn v thay th n bng
on vn khc.
Excel cng c kh nng lm chuyn bng cch dng hm. l hm
REPLACE v hm SUBSTITUTE.
=TRIM Xa nhng k t trng bn trong chui.
=UPPER Chuyn k t thng thnh hoa.
Hm VALUE
Cng dng: Dng i mt chui i din cho mt s thnh kiu s
Cng thc: =VALUE(text)
text phi l nh dng s, ngy thng hoc bt k mt thi gian no min l c
Excel cng nhn.
Nu 2 chui text1, text2 ging nhau hon ton, hm s tr v TRUE; nu khng, s
tr v tr FALSE
V d:
trch ra s 6500 trong SQA6500, bn c th dng hm RIGHT()
=RIGHT("SQA6500", 4) 6500
Tuy nhin kt qu do hm RIGHT() c c s dng text, bn khng th nhn
chia cng tr g vi ci "6500" ny c.
c th tnh ton vi "6500", bn phi i n sang dng s:
=VALUE(RIGHT("SQA6500",4)) 6500
Cng l 6500, nhng by gi bn c th cng tr nhn chia vi n.
*Trch xut h v tn (v d dng trch cho tn ting Anh, b qua tn m)
Cch lm l dng hm FIND() tm nhng khong trng phn cch gia h v
tn, sau dng hm LEFT() tch phn tn, v hm RIGHT() tch phn h.
ly phn tn (First Name), chng ta dng cng thc sau (gi s h tn nm
cell A2):
=LEFT(A2, FIND(" ", A2) - 1)
Ngha l dng hm FIND() tm v tr ca k t trng u tin k t bn tri, v
d n l v tr th 5,
khi hm LEFT() s xc nh c ci tn ny gm c 4 ch (= 5-1).
ly phn h (Last Name), chng ta dng cng thc:
=RIGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - FIND(" ", A2))
Bn t dch cu ny nh!
*Trch xut h, tn m v tn (v d vi tn ting Anh, phn tn m c vit
tt)
Cch lm ging nh bi Trch xut h v tn trn, tuy nhin c khc mt cht,
trch thm phn tn m.
Gi s H v Tn (full name) nm cell A2, v ang c gi tr l Karen E.
Hammond
u tin, nh bi trn, dng cng thc sau tch phn Tn (first name):
=LEFT(A2, FIND(" ", A2) - 1) Karen
Cng thc FIND(" ", A2) s cho kt qu l 6, l v tr ca khong trng u tin
(sau ch Karen).
tm v tr ca khong trng th hai, th bn phi gn v tr bt u tm
(start_num) l 7, hoc l bng kt qu ca FIND(" ", A2) cng thm 1:
=FIND(" ", A2, FIND(" ",A2) + 1)
Ri dng kt qu ca cng thc ny lm tham s cho hm RIGHT() trch ra
phn H (last name):
=RIGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - FIND(" ", A2, FIND(" ", A2) +1)) Hammond
trch phn tn m, dng hm FIND() tm v tr ca du chm (.) ri a vo
trong cng thc ca hm MID() tm k t ng trc du chm:
=MID(A2, FIND(".", A2) - 1, 1) E
HM LOGIC
Hm AND
C l khi gii thch nh. AND c ngha l V. Vy thi. Dng hm ny khi mun
ni n ci ny v ci ny v ci ny......
C php: AND(logical1 [, logical2] [, logical3]...)
logical: Nhng biu thc s c xt xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FALSE)
Nu tt c cc biu thc u ng, hm AND() s tr v gi tr TRUE, v ch cn 1
trong cc biu thc sai, hm AND() s tr v gi tr FALSE.
Bn c th dng hm AND() bt c ch no bn mun, nhng thng th hm
AND() hay c dng chung vi hm IF().
V d:
=IF(AND(B2 > 0, C2 > 0), "1000", "No bonus")
Nu gi tr B2 v C2 ln hn 0, th (thng) 1.000, cn nu ch cn mt trong
2 B2 hoc C2 nh hn 0, th khng thng chi c.
=FALSE(): C th nhp trc tip FALSE vo trong cng thc, Excel s hiu l
mt biu thc c gi tr FALSE m khng cn dng n c php ca hm ny
Hm IF
=IF (logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false) : Dng kim tra iu kin theo
gi tr v cng thc
C php: IF (iu kin, gi tr 1, gi tr 2) Nu iu kin ng th hm tr v gi tr
1, ngc li hm nhn gi tr 2
Ci lp lun: "Nu ti ng th lm cho ti ci ny, nu ti sai th lm cho ti ci
kia".. C l trong chng ta ai cng hiu.
Mt tnh hung n gin nht
C php: IF(logical_test, value_is_true)
logical_test: Mt biu thc s c xt xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FALSE)
value_is_true: gi tr tr v khi biu thc logical_test c kim tra l ng
(TRUE)
V d:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, "It's big!")
Ngha l, nu gi tr A1 ln hn hoc bng 1000, th kt qu nhn c s l "It's
big!", cn khng, nu A1 nh hn 1000, kt qu s l FALSE.
Mt v d khc, gi s bn c mt bng nh gi mc bn ra, mua vo ca mt
danh mc hng ha di, v bn mun theo di nhng mt hng c doanh s bn ra
khng t yu cu iu chnh chin lc kinh doanh ca mnh, bng cch gn
nhng du "<" bn cnh n, h phn trm doanh s cng thp th nhng du hiu
"<" cng nhiu...
Bn c th dng hm IF(), theo mu:
=IF(cell<0, flag)
Vi cell l gi tr doanh s m bn mun theo di, v flag l du hiu m t, v
d, cell cha gi tr doanh s l B2:
=IF(B2<0, "<<<<<")
nhng du "<" t l thun vi mc st gim doanh s bn hng, bn c th
dng hm REPT(), vi cng thc:
REPT("<" , B2 * -100)
y, phi nhn gi tr ca B2 vi -100, bi v chng ta ch xt nhng trng hp
B2<0
V cng thc hon chnh th hin mc st gim doanh s ca tng mt hng
s l:
=IF(B2<0, REPT("<" , B2 * -100))
Nhng hm IF lng nhau
Trong cuc sng i thng, c my ai d dng chp nhn chuyn "mt ci nu",
phi khng cc bn.
Chng ta thng s dng kiu, nu... ri nhng m nu... nhiu khi ko di n v
tn!
Trong Excel cng vy. Gi s, chng ta xp loi hc tp, nu im trung bnh
(TB) ln hn 9 th gii, vy TB nh hn 9 th d? Cha, TB nh hn 9 nhng
ln hn 7 th kh ci , ri TB nh hn 7 nhng cha b im 5 th trung bnh,
ch khi no TB nh hn 4 th mi gi l d (ci ny ti ch v d thi, cc bn
ng s dng xp loi nh).
Khi , chng ta s dng nhng hm IF() lng nhau, IF() ny nm trong IF() kia.
Sau ny chng ta s hc cch ghp thm nhiu iu kin khc vo na.
V d, ti ly li v d ni bi trc:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, "Big!", "Not big")
Bi gi thm cht, A1 ln hn 1000 l "big" ri, nhng chng l 10000 th cng ch
l "big" ? C l nn tng thm mt danh hiu cao hn:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, IF(A1 >= 10000, "Really big!!", Big!"), "Not big")
Hoc l, ng rng <1000 l "Not big", nhng n khc "Small" ch (tui khng
ln, cha chc tui nh), vy chng ta thm mt nh ngha "Small" th xem:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, "Big!", IF(A1 < 100, "Small", "Not big"))
Bn nh, y ti t ci IF "con" khng ging nh trn, sao cng, min l
ng sai c php ca IF().
V nu thch, bn c th ghp tt c li:
=IF(A1 >= 1000, IF(A1 >= 10000, "Really big!!", Big!"), IF(A1 < 100, "Small",
"Not big"))
Ch cn mt lu , l nhng du ng m ngoc n. Nu bn ng v m khng
ng lc hoc khng , Excel s khng hiu, hoc l cho cc bn kt qu sai y.
Hm IFERROR
Trong qu trnh thao tc vi bng tnh, khng t ln chng ta gp li, v cng kh
m trnh c li. V d, mt cng thc n gin thi =A/B c th gy li
#DIV/0! nu nh B bng 0, hoc gy li #NAME? nu A hoc B khng tn ti,
gy li #REF! nu c no lin kt vi A hoc B b xa i...
Tuy nhin, i lc chng ta li cn phi li dng chnh nhng ci li ny, v d s
t ra mt tnh hung: nu c li th lm g ... Gi nm na l BY LI.
C l v vy m hm ny c hai ch u l IF; IFERROR = nu xy ra li (th)...
MS Excel 2003 tr v trc c hm ISERROR(value), vi value l mt biu thc.
Nu biu thc ny gp li, ISERROR() s tr v gi tr TRUE, cn nu biu thc
khng c li, ISERROR() tr v gi tr FALSE.
V chng ta thng dng ISERROR() km vi IF:
=IF(ISERROR(expression), ErrorResult, expression)
Nu nh biu thc (expression) c li, cng thc trn s ly gi tr ErrorResult
(mt rng, hoc mt thng bo li, v.v..), ngc li, s ly chnh gi tr biu thc
.
V d: =IF(ISERROR(A/B), "", A/B)
Ci bt tin khi phi dng va IF() va ISERROR() l chng ta phi nhp ci biu
thc hai ln: mt ln trong hm ISERROR() v mt ln tham s value_is_False
ca IF()
C th ci bt tin va ni trn khng ng k, tuy nhin cch s dng ny lm cho
cng thc ca chng ta tr nn kh dng hn,
bi v nu thay ci biu thc(expression), th chng ta phi thay i nguyn c
cng thc.
Excel 2010 dng nh hiu c s bt tin , nn gp hai hm IF() v
ISERROR li thnh mt, l IFERROR()
C php: IFERROR(value, value_if_error)
_____value: Biu thc c th s gy ra li
_____value_if_error: kt qu tr v nu value gy ra li
Nu biu thc value khng gy li, IFERROR() s ly biu thc , cn nu n c
li th ly ci biu thc value_if_error.
V d, cng thc =IF(ISERROR(A/B), "", A/B) nu dng IFERROR() th s l
=IFERROR(A/B, "")
Bn thy y, IFERROR() ngn gn v d hiu hn nhiu.
=NOT (logical) : o ngc gi tr ca cc i s
Hm OR
OR c ngha l HOC. Dng hm ny khi mun ni n ci ny hoc ci ny hay
ci kia... ci no cng c, min l phi c t nht 1 ci!
C php: OR(logical1 [, logical2] [, logical3]...)
logical: Nhng biu thc s c xt xem ng (TRUE) hay sai (FALSE)
Nu tt c cc biu thc u sai, hm OR() s tr v gi tr FALSE, v ch cn 1
trong cc biu thc ng, hm OR() s tr v gi tr TRUE.
Ging nh hm AND(), bn c th dng hm OR() bt c ch no bn mun,
nhng thng th hm OR() hay c dng chung vi hm IF().
V d:
=IF(OR(B2 > 0, C2 > 0), "1000", "No bonus")
Nu gi tr B2 hoc C2 ln hn 0 (tc l ch cn 1 trong 2 ln hn 0), th
(thng) 1.000, cn nu c 2 B2 hoc C2 u nh hn 0, th khng thng chi
c.
=TRUE(): C th nhp trc tip TRUE vo trong cng thc, Excel s hiu l
mt biu thc c gi tr TRUE m khng cn dng n c php ca hm ny
B qua nhng b li khi chy cng thc
V d: Ct Gross Margin (ct D) ca bng tnh di y c cha mt s gp li
chia cho 0 (#DIV/0!), do bn ct C c nhng trng.
tnh trung bnh cng ca ct D, k nhng c li #DIV/0!, phi dng cng
thc mng nh sau:
{=AVERAGE(IF(ISERROR(D3:D12), "", D3:D12))}
(ngha l nu gp nhng c li th coi nh n bng rng)
Xc nh tn ca ct (Determining the Column Letter)
Trong Excel c hm COLUMN(), cho ra kt qu l s ca ct (v d, g hm ny
trong ct B th kt qu s l 2).
Nhng i khi bn mun kt qu l tn ca ct ch khng mun l con s (B
ch khng phi l 2), th lm sao?
y l mt vn i hi s khn kho mt cht, v tn ct trong bng tnh chy
t A n Z, t AA n AZ... v cho ti tn cng l XFD (!)
C mt hm gip chng ta tm a ch tuyt i ca mt cell, l hm
CELL("address"), v d $A$2, hoc $B$10...
Hm CELL(info_type [,reference])
Vi info_type l mt tham s c nh ngha (s ni k hn trong nhng bi
sau)
V reference l cell m bn ch nh, nu b trng th Excel s ly ngay ci cell c
cha cng thc CELL().
Trong bi ny, tm a ch tuyt i ca mt cell, chng ta s dng cng thc
CELL() vi info_type l "address"
Tinh mt cht, ta thy tn ca ct chnh l nhng ch ci nm gia hai du dollar
($) trong ci a ch tuyt i ny.
Bt u lm nh: dng hm MID() trch ra ch ci t v tr th 2 trong a ch tuyt
i ca cell:
=MID(CELL("Address"), 2, num_chars)
Ci kh l ci num_chars ny y, v tn ct th c th l 1, 2, hoc 3 k t (v d:
A, AA hoc AAA). Vn dng hm FIND thi:
FIND("$", CELL("address"",A2), 3) - 2
Gii thch cht nh: Dng hm FIND(), tm v tr ca du $ trong ci a ch tuyt
i ca cell, v bt u tm t v tr th 3 trong ci a ch ny.
Ti sao phi tr i 2? Cng thc trn s ch ra v tr (l mt con s) ca du $ th
hai trong a ch tuyt i ca cell, tc l ci du $ pha sau tn ct,
phi tr i 2 tc l tr bt i 2 ci $, lc ny kt qu s chnh l s k t ca tn
ct (1 ch, 2 ch hoc 3 ch)
By gi, cng thc hon chnh s nh sau:
=MID(CELL("Address"), 2, FIND("$", CELL("address"), 3) - 2)
Cng thc ny p dng cho chnh cell cha cng thc.
Nu mun tm tn ct ti mt cell no , bn ch vic thm a ch (hoc mt ci
g tham chiu n a ch ny) ca cell mun tm vo pha sau ci "address"
V d, mun tm tn ca cell AGH68, bn g:
=MID(CELL("Address", AGH68), 2, FIND("$", CELL("address", AGH68), 3) - 2)
AGH
Lp m s t ng
C nhiu danh mc khch hng hoc danh mc hng ha c lp m s bng
cch dng vi k t u ca tn khch hng (hoc tn hng ha) kt hp vi mt
con s.
Cch t m s t ng nh vy rt d lm trong Excel, bng cch s dng nhng
hm x l vn bn v chui.
Gi s danh mc ca chng ta nm ct A v bt u ti cell A2.
Trc tin, chng ta hy tch 3 k t u tin ca danh mc v nh dng cho n
thnh nhng ch in hoa, bng cng thc:
UPPER(LEFT(A2, 3))
Tip theo, tn dng chnh s ca nhng hng trong bng tnh lp m s t ng:
ROW(A2),
v nh dng sao cho nhng con s ny lun c 4 ch s, bng cng thc:
TEXT(ROW(A2),"0000")
V y l cng thc hon chnh:
=UPPER(LEFT(A2, 3)) & TEXT(ROW(A2), "0000")
Hm BETADIST()
Tr v gi tr ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.
Thng thng hm ny c dng nghin cu s bin thin v phn trm cc
mu, v d nh khong thi gian m ngi ta dng xem TV trong mt ngy
chng hn.
C php: = BETADIST(x, alpha, beta, A, B)
x : Gi tr gia A v B, dng tnh mt hm.
alpha & beta : Tham s ca phn phi.
A : Cn di ca khong x, mc nh l 0.
B : Cn trn ca khong x, mc nh l 1.
Lu :
* Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, BETADIST() tr v gi tr li
#VALUE!
* Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, BETADIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu x < A, x > B hay A = B, BETADIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu b qua A v B, ngha l mc nh A = 0 v B = 1, BETADIST() s s dng
phn phi tch ly beta chun ha.
Hm BETAINV()
Tr v nghch o ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.
Ngha l nu xc sut = BETADIST(x, ...) th x = BETAINV(xc sut, ...)
Thng dng trong vic ln k hoch d n, m phng s ln m rng xc sut,
bit trc thi gian b sung k vng v bin i.
C php: = BETAINV(probability, alpha, beta, A, B)
Probability : Xc sut ca bin c x trong phn phi xc sut tch ly beta.
alpha & beta : Tham s ca phn phi.
A : Cn di ca khong x, mc nh l 0.
B : Cn trn ca khong x, mc nh l 1.
Lu :
* Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, BETAINV() tr v gi tr li
#VALUE!
* Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, BETAINV() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu probability 0 hay probability > 1, BETAINV() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu b qua A v B, ngha l mc nh A = 0 v B = 1, BETAINV() s s dng
phn phi tch ly beta chun ha.
* BETAINV() s dng phng php lp khi tnh mt phn phi. Vi
probability cho trc, BETAINV() lp cho ti khi kt qu chnh xc trong khong
0.0000003. Nu BETAINV() khng hi t sau 100 ln lp, n s tr v gi tr li
#NA!
V d:
BETAINV(0.6854706, 8, 10, 1, 3) = 2
Hm BINOMDIST()
Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th thnh cng ca phn phi nh phn.
BINOMDIST() thng c dng trong cc bi ton c s lng c nh cc php
th, khi kt qu ca cc php th ch l thnh cng hay tht bi, khi cc php th l
c lp, v khi xc xut thnh cng l khng i qua cc cuc th nghim.
V d, c th dng BINOMDIST() tnh xc sut khong hai phn ba a tr
c sinh ra l b trai.
C php: = BINOMDIST(number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative)
Number_s : S ln th thnh cng trong cc php th.
Trials : S ln th.
Probability_s : Xc sut thnh cng ca mi php th.
Cumulative : Mt gi tr logic xc nh hm tnh xc sut.
= 1 (TRUE) : BINOMDIST() tr v hm tnh xc sut tch ly, l xc sut c s ln
thnh cng number_s ln nht.
= 0 (FALSE) : BINOMDIST() tr v hm tnh xc sut im (hay l hm khi
lng xc sut), l xc sut m s ln thnh cng l number_s.
Lu :
* Nu number_s v trials l s thp phn, chng s c ct b phn l tr
thnh s nguyn.
* Nu number_s, trials hay probability_s khng phi l s, BINOMDIST() tr v
gi tr li #VALUE!
* Nu number_s < 0 hay number_s > trials, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tr li
#NUM!
* Nu probability_s < 0 hay probability_s > 1, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tr li
#NUM!
V d:
BINOMDIST(6, 10, 0.5, 0) = 0.2050781
BINOMDIST(6, 10, 0.5, 1) = 0.828125
Hm CHIDIST()
Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared.
Phn phi chi-squared kt hp vi php th chi-squared dng so snh cc gi tr
quan st vi cc gi tr k vng.
V d, mt th nghim v di truyn c th gi thit rng th h k tip ca cc cy
trng s tha hng mt tp hp cc mu sc no ; bng cch so snh cc gi tr
quan st c vi cc gi tr k vng, c th thy c gi thit ban u l ng
hay sai.
C php: = CHIDIST(x, degrees_freedom)
x : Gi tr dng tnh phn phi.
degrees_freedom : S bc t do.
Lu :
* Nu cc i s khng phi l s, CHIDIST() tr v gi tr li #VALUE!
* Nu x < 0, CHIDIST() tr v gi tr li #NUM!
* Nu degrees_freedom khng phi l s nguyn, phn thp phn ca n s b ct
b tr thnh s nguyn.
* Nu degrees_freedom < 1 hay degrees_freedom > 10^10, CHIDIST() tr v gi
tr li #NUM!
* CHIDIST() c tnh ton theo cng thc: CHIDIST = P(X > x), vi X l bin
ngu nhin chi-squared.
V d:
CHIDIST(18.307, 10) = 0.050001
Hm NORMINV()
Tr v nghch o ca phn phi tch ly chun.
C php: = NORMINV(probability, mean, standard_dev)
probability : Xc sut ng vi phn phi chun
mean : Gi tr trung bnh cng ca phn phi
standard_dev : lch chun ca phn phi
Lu :
* Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, NORMINV() s bo li #VALUE!
* Nu probability nh hn 0 hoc ln hn 1, NORMINV() s bo li #NUM!
* Nu standard_dev nh hn hoc bng 0, NORMDINV() s bo li #NUM!
* Nu mean = 0 v standard_dev = 1, NORMINV() s dng phn b chun.
* NORMINV() s dng phng php lp i lp li tnh hm. Nu NORMINV()
khng hi t sau 100 ln lp, hm s bo li #NA!
Chng 4: Khai Thc C S D Liu
4.1. Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc)
Sort (sp xp) v Filter (lc) l nhng tnh nng cho php bn thao tc d liu
trong mt bng tnh c thit lp da trn cc tiu chun.
Sp xp
thc hin mt sp xp theo chiu tng dn hay gim dn trn mt ct:
nh du cc mun c sp xp
Kch nt Sort Ascending (A-Z) hay Sort Descending (Z-A)

Ty chnh sp xp
sp xp nhiu hn mt ct:
Chn ct m bn mun sp xp u tin
Kch Add Level
Chn ct tip theo bn mun sp xp
Kch OK

Lc d liu
B lc cho php bn ch hin th d liu m p ng cc tiu chun nht nh.
s dng b lc:
Kch vo ct hoc chn cc ct cha d liu m bn mun lc
Trn tab Home, kch Sort & Filter
Kch nt Filter
Kch vo mi tn pha di u tin
Kch Text Filter
Kch Words bn mun lc

ko p dng b lc, kch nt Sort & Filter
Kch Clear

4.2 PivotTable v PivotChart l nhng cng c phn tch d liu rt mnh trong
Excel. Chng c th bin nhng con s dng nh v ngha trong mt khi d liu
khng l thnh nhng con s c ngha. PivotTable v PivotChart rt d s dng,
nhng chng cng c mt s vn phc tp khng th trnh khi.
4.2.1 Gii thiu PivotTable v PivotChart
To mt bo co PivotTable n gin
Gi s chng ta c bng tnh sau y:

y l mt trong nhng loi bng tnh m bn c th dng to ra mt
PivotTable. D liu thng k doanh thu ca 3 ca hng (store) bn dng c th
thao, i din cho 3 min (region) trong mt tun (t ngy 06 n ngy 12/6/2005).
Ct D l s khch hng ca tng loi dng c th thao, ct E l tng doanh thu, v
cc ct cn li l doanh thu chi tit ca tng mt hng.
y l mt s cu hi m bn c th phi tr li da vo bng tnh :
Doanh thu ca dng c cm tri (Camping) ti mi min ?
Ti mi ca hng, ngy no trong tun l ngy ng khch nht?
Ti mi ca hng, mt hng no bn c nhiu nht?
Ngy no trong tun (ni chung) l ngy bn nht?
Ti s gip bn tr li cu hi u tin. Ti s hng dn bn to ra mt
PivotTable thy c tng doanh thu mt hng Camping ca mi min.
bt u, bn cn bo m rng bn ang chn mt (bt k no) nm trong
vng cha d liu m bn mun to PivotTable. Ri, bn nhn nt PivotTable
nm trong nhm Insert ca thanh Ribbon:

Excel s hin th hp thoi Create PivotTable nh hnh sau y:

Trong hp thoi ny, bn thy rng a ch ca dy cha d liu (A2:K44)
c nhp sn trong hp Table/Range. Nu nh cc nt ty chn c chn ging
ht trong hnh: Select a table or range v New Worksheet, bn hy nhn OK
ng hp thoi ny.
Excel s to mt Sheet mi, v n s trng ging nh hnh sau y:

Ngi ta gi y l ci v ca mt PivotTable. Trong ci v ny, bn s thy:
bn tri l vng bo co PivotTable, l vng s hin th cc yu cu ca bn sau khi
bn hon tt mt PivotTable. bn phi l ca s PivotTable Field List, l ni
m bn s quyt nh nhng d liu no s c hin th trn PivotTable, v cch
sp xp ca chng. Ti s trnh by vi bn chi tit v ci PivotTable Field List
ny trong mt bi khc. Cn by gi bn c tip tc .
Trong hp thoi PivotTable Field List, bn hy nhn vo mc Region chn n
(hoc bn nhn vo hp kim ngay bn cnh n cng c). Bn s thy mc
Region ny t ng xut hin trong vng Row Labels ca PivotTable Field List,
ng thi PivotTable cng t ng hin th tn ca 3 min: Midwest, Northeast v
South trong ct A:

Tip tc, bn nhn vo Camping chn n. Ngay lp tc, Sum of Caming xut
hin trong vng Values pha cui PivotTable Field List, ng thi, ct B hin
th tng doanh thu mt hng Camping ng vi mi min.
Cui cng, bn nhn vo ci mi tn b t nm ngay bn cnh mc Sum of
Camping trong khung Values, chn Value Field Settings trong danh sch m ra.

Hp thoi Value Field Settings xut hin. Nhn vo ci nt Number Format.
Hp thoi Format Cells quen thuc s m ra, chn Currency. Xong nhn OK hai
ln ng tt c cc hp thoi. PivotTable ca bn s ging nh sau hnh say.
Nu thch, v cng d xem hn, bn nhn vo A3, ni ang c ch Row Labels,
sa n li thnh Region:

Hy vng rng bn s thy vic to ra mt PivotTable d nh th no. Vng, n rt
n gin, v nu c nhng yu cu phc tp hn, th cng vy thi. Xin ni thm
mt vi kha cnh khc ca PivotTable:
Khi mt PivotTable c kch hot, hp thoi PivotTable Field List s xut hin.
Nhng Field c chn vo trong bo co PivotTable s c in m v c mt
du kim ngay bn cnh, ng thi chng cng xut hin nhng vng bn di
ca PivotTable Field List, cho chng ta bit vai tr ca chng trong PivotTable.
kch hot mt PivotTable, bn nhn vo mt bt k trong vng bo co
PivotTable. Cn nu khng mun kch hot n, th bn ch vic nhn ra ngoi, bt
k ch no trong bng tnh.
Bn s thy bn phi ca tiu Region trong vng bo co ( A3) c mt nt
mi tn x xung (drop-down arrow). Nt ny c chc nng tng t chc nng
AutoFilter. Nhn vo , bn c th la chn nhng mc mun xem thuc danh
sch Region, m mc nh ca n l Select All (xem tt c). V d, bn ch mun
xem doanh thu dng c cm tri ca ring min Midwest m thi, bn nhn vo
nt ny, nhn vo mc (Select All) tt n i, ri nhn vo mc Midwest, bn s
c kt qu nh hnh sau:

1.2. To mt bo co PivotTable vi nhiu ct
V d bi trc ch l mt trong nhng bo co PivotTable n gin nht. Trong
bi ny, bn s hc cch to mt bo co PivotTable phc tp hn, c nhiu ct
cng nh nhiu hng hn.
Bn xem d liu sau y. N l d liu ca nhng ca hng cho thu bng video:

Cc hng d liu trong bi ny c thit k khc vi bi trc. Mi hng trong
bng i din cho mt th loi video ca mt ca hng (c ghi ct B). Con s
ct Title l s lng u phim thuc th loi . Mc ch ca chng ta l to
mt PivotTable trnh by nhng thng tin mt dng d xem hn.
Cc bc to ra mt ci v ca PivotTable, ti trnh by bi 1. Nu bn
lm ng, hp thoi PivotTable Field List ca bn s ging nh sau:

Trong danh sch cc Field s c Store, Category v Titles. Hy nhn chn c ba.
Excel s lm gip bn cc vic sau:
em Store v Category vo trong hp Row Labels
em Tiltes vo trong hp Values, vi ci tn l Sum of Titles
Trnh by cc thng tin vo vng bo co PivotTable
Kt qu c minh ha hnh sau y:

C th nhng g hin th trn my ca bn khng ging ci hnh ny. Nu nh bn
mun n ging ht hnh ny, hy nhn nt phi chut vo tn ca mt ca hng
no trong ct A (Clarkville chng hn), chn lnh Field Setting, ri bn nh
du vo cc ty chn ca tab Layout & Print ging nh ti lm trong hnh sau
y; v nu nh ci tn trong A3 ang l RowLabels, hy i n thnh Store.
Bn s c mt PivotTable y ht nh hnh trn.

Cho d y l mt bo co PivotTable rt chnh xc, nhng n khng phi l ci
ti mun. Trong trng hp ny, Store v Category ang nm chung trong mt
hng, u l Row Labels; cn ti th mun Category phi l mt ct ring, l
Column Labels.
Lm th no chuyn mt mc Row Labels thnh Column Lables? C hai
cch:
1. Trong hp thoi PivotTable Field List, trong vng Row Labels, bn hy
nhn vo nt mi tn bn cnh mc Category, v chn lnh Move To
Column Labels.
2. Nu nh bn kho s dng chut, bn c th "nm" v "ko" ci mc
Category ra khi vng Row Labels ri "th" n vo vng Column Labels.
Sau khi lm xong mt trong 2 cch trn, bn s thy PivotTable ging nh sau:

So snh vi bng d liu ban u, PivotTable d c hn nhiu. Nhn vo bng bo
co ny, chng ta c th so snh s lng u phim ca tng th loi video gia
cc ca hng vi nhau (xem theo ct), hoc so snh s u phim gia cc th loi
video ca mt ca hng vi nhau (xem theo hng). Nhn vo PivotTable, bn c
th tr li ngay ca hng no c nhiu phim hnh ng nht, phi khng?
Bn c thy rng: vic di chuyn mt Field t Row Labels sang Column Labels,
lm cho PivotTable dng nh l xoay bng d liu t dc thnh ngang. Ch
"xoay", trong ting Anh, l "pivot". Vy bn hiu PivotTable l g ri ch?
Nu nh t ny gi, bn va c bi ny, va t thc hnh, th bn hy lu li
bng tnh. Chng ta s s dng PivotTable va to ra ny cho bi sau: To mt
biu xoay (PivotChart). Hn gp li.
1.3. To mt PivotChart
Mt PivotChart chng c g khc hn l mt biu Excel, c to ra t d liu
ca mt PivotTable. Tht ra th cng c mt vi tnh nng m bn khng tm thy
nhng biu bnh thng. Tuy nhin, phn ln th mt PivotChart cng ging
nh bt k mt biu no trong Excel, nhng thao tc vi cc biu , hoc vic
nh dng cho n, chng c g khc.
Nu bn bit chc rng bn s cn n mt PivotChart, bn c th to ra
PivotTable v PivotChart cng mt ln. Thay v nhn vo nt PivotTable trong
nhm Insert trn thanh Ribbon (nh ti trnh by bi 1), bn hy nhn vo ci
mi tn nh di ci nt , v chn lnh PivotChart. Ri th bn cng s gp
hp thoi to mt PivotTable nh nhng bi trn, nhng khi to xong
PivotTable, th Excel cng s t ng to lun mt PivotChart i km theo.
By gi chng ta s hc cch to ra mt PivotChart t PivotTable m bn thc
hnh bi s 2, bi ton v cc ca hng bn video. Bn ln lt theo cc bc
sau:
1. Chc chn rng bn ang kch hot PivotTable. Nu nh khng mun thy
ci hp thoi PivotTable Field List, bn c th tt n i. Hp thoi ny c
th bt tt bt c lc no bng ci nt ny (trong nhm PivotTable|Options
trn thanh Ribbon):

2. Nhn nt PivotChart trong nhm PivotTable|Options trn thanh Ribbon.
Excel s hin th hp thoi Insert Chart, nh hnh sau:

3. Chn Column trong danh sch Templates bn tri, ri nhn vo biu
tng th hai (stacked column) hng u tin trong khung bn tay phi.
4. Nhn OK to biu .
Bn s c mt biu nh hnh sau. Mi ca hng (Store) c i din bi mt
"bar" trong biu , v trong mi "bar" ny cha s lng th loi phim (Category)
c trong ca hng , c phn bit bi cc mu khc nhau.

Khi bn nhn vo biu , tc l bn kch hot PivotTable, Excel s hin th hp
thoi PivotChart Filter Pane nh bn thy hnh trn. Bn c th dng Axis
Fields v Legend Fields trong hp thoi ny lc cc d liu, iu chnh
PivotChart hin th hay khng hin th biu ca mt loi d liu no . Bt k
vic lc d liu no bn thc hin trong hp thoi ny, cng s c p dng trong
PivotTable, v biu s t ng v li theo nhng thay i trong PivotTable.
V d, ti nhn vo Axis Fields, v ch chn hai ca hng: Clarkville, WestEnd.
Biu s t ng v li nh sau:

4.2.2 Tm hiu d liu ngun ca PivotTable
Chng ta c th s dng nhiu loi d liu lm ngun cho mt PivotTable:
S dng d liu t mt bng tnh Excel trong cng mt Workbook
S dng d liu t mt bng tnh Excel trong mt Workbook khc
S dng d liu kt hp t nhiu ngun khc nhau nhng c cu trc ging
nhau (consolidate ranges)
S dng d liu t mt bo co PivotTable khc
Nhng bi sau y s ln lt im qua tng loi d liu ny.
2.1. S dng d liu ca cng mt bng tnh Excel
C l cch d nht v cng c nhiu ngi s dng nht l s dng d liu ca
mt bng tnh Excel lm ngun cho PivotTable. D liu ny c th nm trong
cng mt bng tnh, nh c trnh by bi 1.
Mi vic s tr nn rt n gin khi bn to mt PivotTable trong cng bng tnh
cha d liu ngun. D liu ny phi c thit k theo dng mt List (trong Excel
2003), mt Table (Excel 2010), vi nhng yu cu sau:
Hng u tin cha tn cc Field (hoc tn ca cc ct)
Hng th hai v nhng hng tip theo cha d liu
Khng c hng b trng, nhng c th c nhng trng
tm hiu k hn v cu trc ca mt Table, bn c th tham kho bi "Phn
tch d liu vi cc Table".
Nu c mt nm u trong vng d liu ngun ny c chn khi bn m
hp thoi Create PivotTable, Excel s t ng xc nh a ch ca ton b vng
d liu v nhp n vo trong mc Table/Range ca hp thoi. Nu bn mun xc
nh chnh xc a ch ca vng d liu ngun, bn c th chn mt trong 3 cch
sau:
1. Chn mt trong vng d liu trc khi m hp thoi. a ch ca vng d
liu s c nhp vo t ng
2. Nhp trc tip a ch ca vng d liu trong mc Table/Range ca hp
thoi
3. S dng nt Select trong hp thoi chn vng d liu

C mt cch rt hay v rt nn lm ch cho Excel bit vng d liu nm u,
l to mt ci tn (Name) cho vng d liu. S dng Name th tin li hn vic
nhp a ch hoc chn vng d liu mi khi bn mun tham chiu n chng.
tm hiu thm v Name cho vng d liu, xin c bi: "S dng tn cho dy".
Tuy nhin, nu bn s dng mt Table ca Excel 2010 lm d liu ngun cho
PivotTable, th bn khi cn quan tm n Name, bi chnh bn thn Table c
sn mt ci tn, khi bn to n. V khi c Name ca d liu ngun, bn ch vic
nhp trc tip ci tn ny vo trong mc Table/Range ca hp thoi Create
PivotTable. V d, hnh sau y, d liu ngun ca PivotTable l mt dy c tn
l SalesData:

2.2. S dng d liu ngun t mt bng tnh Excel khc
Nu d liu m bn s dng trong PivotTable nm tron mt bng tnh khc, cc
bc th to PivotTable hi khc mt t. Bn s phi xc nh dy (a ch) cha
d liu ngun, v tn ca workbook cha d liu ngun.
Cch d nht thc hin vic ny, l m ng thi hai bng tnh. Mt ci s cha
PivotTable, mt ci cha d liu ngun. Ri lm theo cc bc sau:
1. Chn (kch hot) workbook s to PivotTable.
2. Nhn nt PivotTable trong tab Insert ca Ribbon m hp thoi Create
PivotTable.
3. Hy chc chn rng ty chn Select a Table or Range ang c chn.
4. Nhn nt Select nm pha bn phi ca khung Table/Range, mt hp
thoi Create PivotTable "nh" nh sau y s xut hin:

5. Nhn Alt+Tab hoc nhn vo workbook cha d liu ngun kch hot
n. Bn s vn thy ci hp thoi Create PivotTable "nh".
6. Chn dy cha d liu ngun cho PivotTable. a ch ca n, bao gm c
tn ca workbook, s t ng nhp vo trong hp thoi Create PivotTable
"nh":

7. Nhn vo nt Select trn ca s Create PivotTable "nh" chp nhn
vng chn v ng n li, quay v hp thoi Create PivotTable "ln".
8. Nhn OK quay v bng tnh vi PivotTable va to.
Khi mt PivotTable c "link" ti mt bng tnh bn ngoi, bn ch c th cp
nht (update) PivotTable nu ng link ny ti bng tnh ngun cn tn ti. Khi
bng tnh cha d liu ngun b i tn, b di i ch khc, hoc b xa, bn s
khng th cp nht PivotTable. Excel s hin th mt thng bo li nu bn c lm
vic .
C th bn thc mc l ti sao c nhiu ngi khng lm mt PivotTable trong
cng mt bng tnh, m li lm PivotTable trong mt bng tnh khc? Vic ny,
tht ra rt hu ch, nht l i vi nhng d liu khng l, cng knh. C l bn
bit nhng bng tnh cha mt bng d liu ln th chy chm nh th no. Khi t
PivotTable trong mt bng tnh khc, bn vn c th c c nhng thng k, m
khng cn thit phi m d liu ngun ra. Hoc khi bn mun thng k d liu t
nhiu ngun khc nhau, bn c th to mt workbook trung gian, cha nhiu
PivotTable, m mi PivotTable th "link" n mt d liu ngun ring.
C mt iu bn cn nn bit, l bn thn PivotTalbe khng bao gi t "refresh"
d liu, ngha l n khng th t ng cp nht khi d liu ngun thay i, bt k
d liu ngun nm trong cng mt workbook vi PivotTable hay nm trong mt
worbook khc. Vic tnh ton li bng tnh (recalculated) cng khng cp nht li
d liu cho PivotTable.
Bn phi thc hin chuyn "refresh" bng tay. Bng hai cch:
Nhn chut phi vo PivotTable v chn lnh Refresh Data
Nhn vo nt Refresh nm trong tab PivotTable|Option trn Ribbon (bn
ch thy tab ny khi bn kch hot PivotTable).

2.3. S dng nhiu dy d liu c cng cu trc (Multiple Consolidation
Ranges)
Thut ng "Multiple Consolidation Ranges" (nhiu dy d liu c cng cu trc),
tht ra khng phc tp nh ci tn ca n. Tt c ch n gin l to mt
PivotTable da trn hai hoc nhiu bng d liu (l Table, hay l List trong cc
version trc). Nhng ngun d liu ny c th nm trong cng mt bng tnh,
hoc nm trong nhng bng tnh khc nhau. Nhng, chc nng Create PivotTable
ca Excel 2010 m chng ta lm quen t u n gi, li khng h tr Multiple
Consolidate Ranges, v khng c ty chn ny. s dng c Multiple
Consolidation Ranges, chng ta phi cu vin n chc nng PivotTable and
PivotChart Wizard, mt chc nng c trong nhng version trc ca Excel.
Trong Excel 2010, chc nng ny vn cn, nhng b n i. gi n ra, bn phi
s dng nhng phm tt dng gi PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard trong
Excel 2003, l: Alt+D+P.
Nu nh bn thuc tt c cc phm tt gi lnh trn menu ca Excel 2003, th
bn c th s dng chng trong Excel 2010, cho d Ribbon ca Excel 2010 th
chng ging g Menu Bar ca Excel 2003.
s dng c Multiple Consolidation Ranges, bt buc mi danh sch m bn
mun dng lm d liu ngun cho PivotTable phi c cng cu trc, c ngha l tt
c nhng tiu ct (nm trn hng u tin) v tiu dng (nm trong ct u
tin bn tri) phi ging ht nhau. Nu nh c mt hng no, hoc ct no nm
ring l, th chng s khng c tch hp vo trong bo co PivotTable.
y l mt v d v cc ngun d liu c th s dng vi chc nng Multiple
Consolidation Ranges:

khi ng "Wizard", bn hy nhn Alt+D ri nhn thm phm P. V ti Step 1,
nhn vo ty chn Multiple Consolidation Ranges:

Sau khi nhn Next sang Step 2a, bn s c 2 ty chn:
Create a single page field for me Excel t ng to ra mt Page
Field n, vi mi vng d liu ngun l mt mc (item) trong Page Field
. Page Field c th tm hiu nh l chc nng lc "cp 1" ca PivotTable.
Trong ca s PivotTable Field Lists, Page Field chnh l nhng mc nm
trong khung Report Filter. Nu khng c, xem nh Page Field = All (xem
tt c cc d liu).
I will create the page fields Dng ty chn ny t to cc Page Field
ca ring bn. Bn c th to ti a l 4 Page Field, mi Page Field lc ra
mt thnh phn no ca cc d liu.
2.3.1. To mt trang tng hp duy nht vi chc nng Create a single page
field for me
Bn xem li bng tnh EmployeeData m ti va trnh by bi trc. Bn s thy
c 3 danh sch, mi danh sch l mt phng n tuyn dng nhn vin c th cho
cc b phn. V c 3 danh sch u c cng cu trc, cng nh tiu ca cc
hng, ct ny l ging nhau. to mt PivotTable da vo 3 danh sch ny, bn
hy s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard theo cc bc ti trnh by
bi trc, v khi ang trong Step 2a, hy nh du vo ty chn Create a
Single-Page Field, ri nhn Next sang Step 2b, ri theo cc bc sau:
1. Nhn vo nt Select bn phi hp Range
2. Chn dy A3:B9 trong bng tnh.
3. Nhn li vo nt Select a dy va chn vo trong khung Range.
Ghi ch: Nu bn b qua bc 1, m ch cn dng chut chn trc tip
dy A3:B9 trong bng tnh, Excel s t hiu l bn nhn nt Select
ri, nn cng s b qua lun bc 3 ny. Khi bn kt thc vic chn dy
bng chut, Excel s a bn vo thng bc 4 sau y.
4. Nhn nt Add thm dy va chn vo trong danh sch All Ranges.
5. Lp li bc 1 n bc 4 chn v thm vo danh sch All Ranges hai
dy D3:D9 v G3:G9. Ti y, mn hnh ca bn s ging nh sau:

6. Nhn Next sang Step 3.
7. Ti y, bn c th chn New Worksheet to PivotTable trong mt Sheet
mi, hoc chn Existing worksheet v nhn chut vo ni bn mun to
PivotTable ngay trong bng tnh ny.
8. Click Finish.
Bn s c mt PivotTable nh sau:

Trong PivotTable ny, nhn Column Labels c mt mi tn x xung, bn c th
dng n lc ra ct mun xem. Trong trng hp ny, do cc d liu ngun ch
c mt ct (Employees), nn nt ny khng cn dng n, nhng nu cc d liu
ngun ca bn c nhiu ct, bn s cn dng n n. Nhn Row Labels cng c
mt mi tn x xung, dng lc ra nhng hng mun xem. Nhng nt x xung
ny l im c trng m bn c th thy trong tt c cc PivotTable.
Cn nt x xung ca nhn Page1 th c g c bit? N cho php bn lc ra d
liu ngun no mun xem, nh bn thy hnh sau y, khi nhn vo n. Cc mc
Item1, Item2 v Item3 tham chiu n 3 d liu ngun m bn dng lm d liu
ngun cho PivotTable. Bn c th chn tng hp d liu theo tt c cc ngun
(All), hoc ch 1 ngun no . Nu mun tng hp nhiu hn 1 ngun d liu,
bn phi nhn vo ty chn Select Multiple Items.

Bn hy th s dng cc nt x xung bn cnh cc nhn, xem chng lm vic
nh th no. Lc l mt trong chc nng quan trng nht ca mt PivotTable, bn
cn hiu r cch lc ca mt PivotTable, c th d dng tip cn vi nhng
chc nng cao cp hn.
Trong PivotTable m chng ta thc hnh trong bi ny, c ct Grand Total, l
mt mc nh ca PivotTable. Tuy nhin, bi v cc d liu ngun ca chng ta ch
c 1 ct, nn khng cn thit n ct Grand Total, ti s ni v cch b ci ct
ny i trong bi sau.
2.3.2. To mt PivotTable c nhiu trang tng hp t nhng d liu ngun c
cng cu trc
Trong cng vic hng ngy, nht l khi phi thng xuyn tng hp nhng d liu
kiu nh: Bo co doanh thu qu I, Bo co doanh thu qu II, Bo co doanh thu
qu III, v.v..., bn nn s dng PivotTable, vi ty chn th 2 khi ang trong
Step 2a ca PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard: I will create the page fields.
Ty chn ny rt thch hp khi tng hp t nhiu ngun d liu c cng cu trc,
m nhng ngun d liu c cng tiu , ch khc vi con s dng tng hp
(theo qu, theo nm, theo thng...), chng hn nh bng tnh ny:

y l 4 bng tng hp s hc sinh t yu cu theo tng mn, v theo tng hc
k trong hai nm hc 2005, 2006; c 4 u c chung tiu Year ... Semester ....
Chng ta hy th. Bn hy s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard theo cc
bc ti trnh by bi 2.3, v khi ang trong Step 2a, hy nh du vo ty
chn I will create the page fields, ri nhn Next sang Step 2b, ri theo cc
bc sau:
1. Nhp khi d liu ngun th nht (A2:B8) vo trong khung Range
2. Nhn nt Add thm n vo trong danh sch All Ranges
3. Lp li hai bc trn ba ln, thm 3 khi d liu cn li (D2:D8,
A11:B17, v D11:E17) vo trong danh sch All Ranges. Ti thi im ny,
mn hnh ca bn s ging nh hnh sau:

4. Nhn vo ty chn 2 phn How many page fields do you want?
5. Bn s thy phn ang m m di cng ca hp thoi PivotTable and
PivotChart Wizard m ra 2 ci: Field one v Field two (bn ch c th c
ti a 4 trang tng hp).
6. Ti y, hy tm dng mt cht vch ra mt vi tng cho vic thng
k d liu. Bn cn c bao nhiu trang tng hp? Hay ni cch khc, bn
cn thng k d liu theo my tiu ch? Hy nhn vo tiu ca 4 d liu
ngun. chng ta c hai nm hc: 2005 v 2006, v hai hc k
(semester): hc k 1 v hc k 2. Vy, tng hay nht, c l l thng k
theo nm lc ra d liu ca tng nm, hoc c 2 nm; v ng thi cng
thng k theo tng hc k, lc ra d liu ca tng hc k hoc c 2 hc
k. Nh vy, chng ta cn c hai trang tng hp, l l do ti sao bc 4
trn y, ti ni bn nhn vo ty chn 2. Mi bn tip tc:
7. Trong danh sch All Ranges, chn dy u tin: A2:B8, dy ny l s liu
ca hc k 1 nm 2002.
8. Nhp Year 2002 vo trong Field one.
9. Nhp Semester 1 vo trong Field two.
10. Chn tip dy th hai: D2:E8, dy ny l s liu ca hc k 1 nm 2003.
11. Nhp Year 2003 vo trong Field one.
12. Bi v trong Field two c sn Semester 1, nn thay v nhp, bn c th
chn n t nt mi tn x xung.
13. Chn dy th ba: A11:B17, dy ny l s liu ca hc k 2 nm 2002.
14. Chn Year 2002 t nt mi tn x xung cho Field one.
15. Nhp Semester 2 vo trong Field two.

16. Chn dy cui cng: D11:E17, chn Year 2003 cho Field one v Semester 2
cho Field two t cc nt mi tn x xung.
Nhn Next hon tt PivotTable v t n trong cng Sheet hay trong mt
Sheet khc, ty bn. Thnh qu ca chng ta ging nh sau, l mt PivotTable
tng hp tt c s hc sinh t yu cu ca c hai nm hc 2002 v 2003, thng k
chi tit theo tng mn hc:

Nu bn nhn nhn Page 1, bn s c hai la chn: Year 2002 v Year 2003; cng
vy, khi nhn nhn Page 2, bn s c hai la chn: Semester 1 v Semester 2.
Bi v trong PivotTable ny ch c 1 ct, nn bn c th b ci Grand Total i
bng cch: nhn phi chut vo ngay nhn Grand Total, v chn Remove Grand
Total t menu m ra.

2.4. To mt PivotTable s dng d liu ngun t mt bo co PivotTable
c
La chn cui cng cho vic to mt PivotTable l da vo mt PivotTable hoc
mt PivotChart c. Ni cch khc, ta s dng Summary Data ca mt
PivotTable c lm Raw Data cho bo co th hai.
C hai cch to mt PivotTable l da vo mt PivotTable c:
Nu bn s dng Excel 2010, bn ch vic gi lnh to mt PivotTable nh
vn thng lm, v chn mt PivotTable c sn lm d liu ngun cho n.
Nu bn s dng PivotTable and PivotChart Wizard, nh du vo ty
chn Another PivotTable or PivotChart Report bc 1 (ty chn ny
ch xut hin khi bng tnh ca bn c cha t nht mt PivotTable). Sau
khi bn nhn Next, bn s thy mt danh sch cc PivotTable hoc
PivotChart ang c, ri bn chn mt ci lm d liu ngun.
Ti sao li s dng mt PivotTable c lm d liu ngun cho mt PivotTable
khc? Trong nhiu trng hp, t nht l lc ban u, bn PivotTable th hai s c
cng mt d liu ngun vi bn PivotTable th nht. Nhng vi vic nh dng
cho bn PivotTable th hai, bn s to ra c hai cch xem cho cng mt d liu
ngun, rt hu dng cho mt s gii php x l d liu. V d, bn c mt
PivotTable tng hp d liu, nhng c l vn cn mt t rc ri (v d liu c nhiu
vn cn x l). Bng cch to thm mt PivotTable na da vo PivotTable
c, bn s c c mt ci nhn c th hn, d xem hn v d liu ngun.
Thm na, vic to mt PivotTable s dng d liu ngun t mt PivotTable
c, s t chim dng b nh h thng hn l to 2 PivotTable t mt d liu ngun.
Thit ngh y cng l mt vn cn cn nhc khi chng ta phi x l nhng d
liu ln.
4.2.3 S dng cc cng c ca PivotTable v nh dng PivotTable
Excel c mt s cng c c thit k c bit cho cc bo co PivotTable. Bn s
thy nhng cng c ny trn Ribbon Options v Design, xut hin khi c mt
PivotTable c kch hot.

Khi kch hot mt PivotTable, bn s thy c thm Ribbon Options v Design
3.1. Tm hiu PivotTable Field List
C l cng c m bn s phi ng n thng xuyn nht khi lm vic vi
PivotTable l Field List. Bn dng Field List ch ra loi d liu no s c a
vo bo co PivotTable, v sp xp chng trong bo co.
Khi bn va ra lnh to mi mt PivotTable, bn s c mt bo co rng. Khi ,
PivotTable Field List hin th tt c nhng Field c trong d liu ngun. y l
mt v d:

Mt PivotTable mi tinh, pha bn phi l PivotTable Field List, cha c field
no c chn
thm mt field no vo trong bo co PivotTable, bn ch cn nh du vo hp
kim ngay bn cnh tn field. Excel s thm field vo mt trong 4 vng nm
phn di ca PivotTable Field List.
Bn vng ny l:
1. Report Filter: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c
dng lc ton b d liu ngun. Ni cch khc, PivotTable ch hin th
nhng d liu no tha mn iu kin ca Report Filter.
2. Columns Label: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c
dng lm tiu ct cho bo co PivotTable.
3. Row Label: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny, s c dng
lm tiu hng cho bo co PivotTable.
4. Values: Nhng Field no c thm vo trong vng ny s c tnh tng
theo mc nh v hin th trn vng ni dung chnh (main body) ca
PivotTable, ni cch khc, y chnh l nhng thng k t d liu ngun,
m bn mun c khi s dng PivotTable.
Khi bn nh du kim vo mt field no , lm sao Excel bit bn mun em
field vo vng no ? n gin thi: Nu field ch cha nhng d liu l s, th
n s c em vo trong vng Values, cn nu field c cha nhng loi d liu
khc (text, ngy thng...) th n s c em vo trong vng Row Labels. Tuy
nhin, vic Excel em field vo trong vng no th khng quan trng. Bi v bn
c th di chuyn cc field t vng ny sang vng khc, nu thy cn thit.
Xem v d sau y, minh ha mt PivotTable cng vi Field List ca n. Bn s
bit cch to ra PivotTable ny trong bi sau. Cn by gi, hy lt qua cc vng
m ti nh s trong hnh, tng ng vi 4 vng ca Field List m ti va trnh
by trn.
1. Region c t trong vng Report Filter, v n nm trong vng Filter ca
bo co ( trn cao, gc tri), c chc nng lc ton b d liu ngun.
2. Date c t trong vng Row Labels, v n l cc tiu hng ca bo
co PivotTable.
3. Store c t trong vng Column Labels, v n l cc tiu ct ca bo
co PivotTable.
4. Camping (chnh xc hn, l Sum of Camping) c t trong vng Values,
v n l cc d liu c lc ra trong bo co PivotTable.
Bi tip theo s trnh by cch s dng Field List sp xp cch trnh by mt
PivotTable theo nh bn mun.
..............
PivotTable Field List, vi cc field c thm vo trong 4 vng bn di
3.2. S dng PivotTable Field List
bi trc, bn bit rng khi a mt Field vo trong mt vng ca Field List,
th n s nm u trong PivotTable, hay ni cch khc, vic a Field vo mt
trong bn vng ca Field List s nh hng th no n cu trc ca PivotTable.
Bi ny s trnh by cho bn thay i cu trc bng cch s dng Field List.
Trc ht, mi bn m file SportingGoodsRawData.xlsx ( cui bi ny). Yu
cu t ra l thng k lng hng phc v cho d ngoi (Camping) bn c
theo ca hng (Store) v theo ngy (Date) ca tng vng (Region).
Bn theo cc bc sau:
1. Nhn con tr vo bt k no trong vng d liu.
2. Nhn nt PivotTable t Ribbon Insert m hp thoi Create PivotTable.
3. Nhn OK. Excel s to mt PivotTable "rng" nh hnh sau:

Hnh 3.4. PivotTable, lc ban u
4. Trong Field List, chn (click vo hp kim ngay bn tri) cc Field Store,
Region, Camping, v Date.
Ti lc ny, bng tnh ca bn s ging hnh 3.5.

PivotTable vi cu trc theo mc nh, cha chnh sa
Bn thy y. Field Camping v Store u c t trong vng Values, bi Excel
thy chng cha ton cc d liu kiu s. Field Region v Date c em vo
trong vng Row Labels bi chng c cha nhng d liu kiu ngy thng v text.
D nhin, cu trc ny ca PivotTable khng phi l th chng ta cn, chnh xc
hn, v c bn th n ch c ch li g, bi v mc ch ca chng ta l thng k
lng hng phc v cho d ngoi (Camping) bn c theo ca hng (Store) v
theo ngy (Date) ca tng vng (Region). Tt c nhng g cn lm t c
mc ch, l sp xp li cc field trong cc vng ca Field List.
Bn c th di chuyn mt field sang vng khc bng hai cch:
Click vo field mun di chuyn v r (drag) n vo trong vng khc.
Nhn vo nt mi tn x xung bn cnh tn field ( trong mt vng no
), ri chn lnh Move to XXXX (vi XXXX l tn ca vng bn mun
di field ny n).

Dng nt mi tn x xung di field Region vo vng Report Filter
V thc hin nhng vic sau:
Di field Region vo vng Report Filter
Di field Store (ang mang tn l Sum of Store) vo vng Column Labels
PivotTable ca bn lc ny s ging nh hnh sau:

PivotTable sau khi c chnh sa
Cui cng, bn hy nh dng cho gi tr trong PivotTable theo dng tin t:
Nhn vo nt mi tn x xung cnh field Sum of Camping trong vng
Values
Chn Value Field Settings trong danh sch m ra, m hp thoi Value
Field Settings.

Chn Value Field Setting cho field Sum of Camping
Nhn vo nt Number Format m hp thoi Format Cells quen thuc.

Nhn nt Number Format m hp thoi Format Cells
Chn loi nh dng Currency (tin t), ri nhn OK hai ln tr v
PivotTable.
PivotTable ca bn cui cng s ging nh sau, v cng l tt c nhng g
chng ta mun.

PivotTable hon chnh theo yu cu
3.3. Thit lp cc ty chn cho PivotTable Field List
Hp thoi Field List s t ng hin ra mi khi bn nhn chut vo bt k ch no
trong PivotTable, ngha l khi PivotTable c kch hot th hp thoi Field List s
t ng m ra. Tuy nhin, bn c th ng hp thoi Field List bng cch nhn vo
nt Field List trn Ribbon Options (v nhn vo mt ln na m n ra li).

Nhn vo nt ny ng hoc m hp thoi Field List
Cng ging nh mi hp thoi khc, bn c th di chuyn Field List ti bt k ni
no bn thch bng cch nhn vng tiu ca hp thoi v r chut i, hoc thu
nh n li hay m rng n ra bng cch nhn v ko cc cnh bin.
Bnh thng, hp thoi Field List hin th danh sch cc Field pha trn, v sp
xp 4 vng d liu s hin th trong PivotTable bn di. Bn c th thay i s
sp xp ny bng cch nhn vo ci nt nm pha trn bn phi ca hp thoi
Field List, v chn 1 trong 5 kiu hin th t menu m ra:

Chn cc kiu hin th khc cho hp thoi Field List
Hp thoi Field List cn c mt ty chn na, nm gc di bn tri: Defer
Layout Update, gip bn tm ngng vic t ng cp nht d liu trong
PivotTable.

Nhn vo nt ny tm thi ngng chc nng t ng cp nht cho PivotTable
Bnh thng, ty chn ny khng c bt. Bt k nhng thay i no ca bn
trong hp thoi Field List (di chuyn, thm, xa cc field, thit lp nh dng s
cho mt field no , v.v...) s c cp nht ngay tc khc trong PivotTable. Nu
bn c mt PivotTable ln, phc tp, nht l khi PivotTable s dng ngun d liu
t bn ngoi Excel, vic t ng cp nht ny s din ra kh chm chp v mt thi
gian. Bn c th bt ty chn Defer Layout Update tm ngng vic t ng
cp nht, v sau khi hi lng vi cch b tr cc Field vo cc vng d liu, bn
nhn nt Update tt c nhng thay i ca bn c cp nht cng mt lc.
Chng 5: Th Trong Excel
5.1 Gii thiu th
th gip trnh by cc s liu kh khan bng vic v thnh cc hnh nh trc
quan, d hiu. th c lin kt vi d liu ca n trong bng tnh, do khi
thay i d liu ca n trong bng tnh th lp tc th s thay i tng ng
theo. Trong Excel 2010 vic v th cha bao gi d dng v p nh by gi.
Excel c rt nhiu kiu th khc nhau phc v cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau
ca rt nhiu loi i tng s dng bng tnh, chng ta s cng nhau khm ph
th gii th ca Excel trong bi hc ny. th l mt i tng (object) ca
Excel, i tng ny cha cc d liu v biu din thnh hnh nh vi mu sc v
kiu dng rt phong ph. Nhn chung, Excel c 2 loi th l th nm trong
WorkSheet (cn gi l Embedded chart) v ChartSheet. chuyn i qua li gia
2 loi th ny ta lm nh sau: Chn th Chart Tools Design
Location Move Chart chn Object in + Tn Sheet ( th nm trong
Worksheet) hay chn New sheet + Nhp tn ChartSheet vo.

Chn ChartSheet hay Embedded chart
5.2. V th
Phn ny trnh by cc bc v th t mt bng s liu cho trc v mt s ty
chn ca th. Kt qu nghin cu v s tha mn ca cc nhm khch hng
phn theo tui c cho nh hnh bn di, nu chng ta dng kt qu ny
bo co cng khng c vn g, tuy nhin bo co s sinh ng v thuyt phc
hn nu chng ta bin cc con s ny thnh th c nhn thy mt cch trc
quan hn.

Bng s liu nghin cu
Hy lm theo cc bc sau v th: B1. Chn vng d liu A3:D9, chn lun
cc nhn ca cc ct. B2. Chn kiu th t Ribbon Insert Charts. Mi
nhm th bao gm nhiu kiu khc nhau, v d chng ta chn nhm Column
Clustered Column.

Chn kiu th
B3. Xong bc 2 l chng ta c ngay mt th dng ct nh hnh trn, tuy
nhin chng ta c th i cc b tr ca cc thnh phn trn th. Chn th
Chart Tools Design Chart Layout Chn cch b tr thch hp. V
d ta chn kiu Layout 3 trong Chart Layout.

La chn layout
B4. o cc chui s liu t dng thnh ct v ngc li: Chart Tools Design
Data Switch Row/Column. Chng ta thc hin lnh ny khi cc th
bc trn cha hin th ng nh mong mun. V d chng ta mun nhm cc
nhm tui li d so snh gia cc thng vi nhau.

o dng/ ct
B5. Nu thy kiu th trn khng p, chng ta c th i sang kiu khc bng
cch: Chart Tools Design Type Change Chart Type, hp thoi Insert
Chart hin th lit k ton b cc kiu th hin c ca Excel tha h cho bn la
chn.

Hp thoi Insert Chart v chn kiu th khc
B6. Ngoi ra, nu bn thy tng mu ca th cha p th vo chn Chart Tools
Design Chart Styles chn More ( ).

Chn Chart Style
5.3. Cc thao tc trn th
a. Nhn bit cc thnh phn trn th
Cc thnh phn thng dng

1. Chart Title 7. Horizontal Axis
2. Chart Area 8. Data Table
3. Plot Area 9. Horizontal Axis
itle
4. Data Label 10. Vertical
Gridlines
5. Legend 11. Vertical Axis
6. Horizontal
Gridlines
12. Vertical Axis
Title
Mt s thnh phn ch c trong th 3-D
o Back wall: Mu/ hnh hn pha sau th
o Side wall: Mu/ hnh nn cc cnh bn ca th
o Floor: Mu/ hnh nn bn di th
o Column depth: su ca cc thnh phn biu din chui s liu di dng
3-D.
b. Cc thao tc vi th
Chn thnh phn trn th
o Cch d nht l dng chut nhp ln thnh phn cn chn, thnh phn c
chn s c 4 hoc 8 nt xut hin bao quanh.
Khi th c chn, chng ta c th dng cc phm mi tn
di chuyn n cc thnh phn trong th.
o Ngoi ra, bn c th chn cc thnh phn ti Chart Tools Format
Current Selection

Chn thnh phn trn th
Di chuyn th
th l Embedded Chart, nhp tri chut ln th vng Chart Area chn
th di chuyn, khi u con tr chut c thm k hiu mi tn 4 chiu (xem
hnh di).
Gi tri chut v di chuyn th n ni khc.
Thay i kch thc th
th l Embedded Chart, hp tri chut ln th vng Chart Area chn
th cn thay i kch thc, khi xung quanh th xut hin 8 nt nm.
Di chuyn chut vo cc nt ny, gi tri chut v ko hng v tm th
thu nh v hng ra ngoi phng to.
Sao chp th
Chn th, dng t hp phm <Ctrl+C> chp th vo b nh, ri di
chuyn n mt no trong bng tnh v nhn <Ctrl+V> dn th vo.
Xa th
Chn th sau nhn phm Delete xa th. xa Chart Sheet, trc
tin hy chn Chart Sheet, sau nhp phi chut v chn Delete t thc n ng
cnh hin ra.
Thm cc thnh phn ca th
Chn th chn Chart Tools Design Chart Layouts S dng cc
nhm lnh to cc thnh phn tng ng trn th c thit k sn nh ta ,
ch thch, cc nhn, ng li,
Sp xp v xa cc thnh phn ca th
Mt s thnh phn trong th c th di chuyn c nh ta , ch thch,
nhn. Mun di chuyn thnh phn no trc tin hy dng chut chn n, sau
nhp v gi tri ti cnh ca thnh phn v ko n v tr mi trong th.
Ngoi ra c th vo Chart Tools Layout chn t cc danh sch thit k
sn.
xa thnh phn no, bn ch cn dng chut chn thnh phn v nhn
phm Delete.

Cc thnh phn trn th
In th
In th cng ging nh in cc i tng khc ca Excel lu Print Preview
trc khi in m bo trang in c trn vn ni dung.
Nu bn mun in th thnh mt trang ring th hy chn th v nhp nt
Print in, khi Excel ch ra lnh in th m bn ang chn.
c. Hiu chnh v nh dng th
Vic hiu chnh v nh dng cc thnh phn trn th ta c th dng Ribbon hay
dng cc hp thoi. Cch d thc hin nht l nhp phi chut ln thnh phn cn
nh dng v chn Format hay nhn <Ctrl+1>. Sau y l minh ha hiu chnh
v nh dng mt s thnh phn ca th.
Hiu chnh Chart Area
Chng ta c th hiu chnh mu sc, hiu ng, ng k, khung, bng cho
Chart Area bnh cch: chn Chart Area nhp phi chut chn Format
Chart Area

nh dng Chart Area
Ngoi ra bn c th vo Ribbon Chart Tools Format nhm Shape
Styles c cung
cp rt nhiu mu nh dng dng sn rt p.
Ghi ch:
Fill: Nhm lnh lin quan n t nn cho thnh phn ang chn
Border Color: Nhm lnh lin quan n k khung v mu sc ca thnh phn
ang chn
Border Styles: Cc kiu ng kt k khung ca thnh phn ang chn.
Shadow: Lin quan n vic bng cho thnh phn ang chn
3-D Format: To hiu ng 3-D cho thnh phn ang chn.

nh dng bng Ribbon
Hiu chnh Flot Area
Chn Plot Area Chart Tools Format Shape Styles chn kiu
nh dng
Mun phng to/ thu nh Plot Area Nhp chut tri vo cc nt bao quan
Plot Area v ko hng v Plot Area thu nh v hng ra ngoi Plot Area
phng to.
Hiu chnh tiu th, ch thch, tiu trc honh v trc tung,
Ty theo kiu th ang x l m E xcel cho php bn hiu chnh cc loi tiu
ca kiu th .
thm tiu chnh cho th vo: Chart Tools Layout Labels
Chart Title la chn kiu t danh sch
thm tiu cho trc honh (hay trc tung) vo Chart Tools Layout
Labels Axis Titles la chn kiu t danh sch
thm ch thch vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Legend la
chn kiu t danh sch
thm nhn d liu vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Labels
la chn kiu t danh sch
thm bng d liu vo Chart Tools Layout Labels Data Table
la chn kiu t danh sch.
Ngoi ra chng ta c th chn cc Text Box vo th Chart Tools Layout
Insert Text Box.

Hiu chnh ch thch cho th t hp thoi Data Source
Hiu chnh ng li ngang v dc
Mun thm hay b ng li trc tin bn chn Plot Area, ri vo Chart
Tools Layout Axes Gridlines chn kiu ph hp t danh sch.
hiu chnh mu sc, kiu ca ng li no th chn n v vo Chart Tools
Format Shape Style chn kiu v mu sc theo nhu cu.
Hiu chnh cc trc Mun hiu chnh thng s cho trc trn th th bn hy
chn trc nhp phi chut chn Format Axis Sau y l gii thch cc
thng s trong hp thoi Format Axis.

Hp thoi Format Axis ty theo gi tr ca trc m bn chn
Value Axis
Hu ht cc th trnh by gi tr trn trc tung v phn nhm trn trc honh.
Cc bn nn chn th bit r hn cng dng ca cc ty chn.
Minimum Xc nh gi tr nh nht trn trc (gi tr khi u)
o Auto Excel t xc nh
o Fixed Qui nh gi tr nh nht cho trc
Maximum Xc nh gi tr ln nht trn trc (gi tr kt thc)
Major unit Xc nh gi tr cc khong chia chnh trn trc.
Minor unit Xc nh gi tr cc khong chia ph trn trc.
Values in reverse order o th t sp xp cc gi tr trn trc
Logarithmic scale Chuyn cc gi tr trn trc sang h logarith vi c s do ta
qui nh ti Base (khng th dng cho gi tr m hay bng 0)
Display units Chn n v hin th trn trc.
Show display units label on chart Cho hin th cc nhn n v trn th
Major tick mark type Qui nh cch hin th k hiu phn cch chnh trn th.
o None Khng s dng
o Inside Hin th pha bn trong trc
o Outside Hin th pha bn ngoi trc
o Cross Hin th ct ngang trc
Minor tick mark type Qui nh cch hin th k hiu phn cch ph trn th.
Axis labels Xc nh cch hin th cc nhn trn trc
o None Khng s dng
o High Hin th pha bn phi trc
o Low Hin th pha bn tri trc
o Next to Axis Hin th k bn trc (theo mc nh)
Horizontal axis crosses Cc la chn qui nh cch m trc tung ct trc honh
(i vi th 3-D chnh l ty chn Floor crosses at)
o Automatic Do Excel t xc nh.
o Axis value Xc nh gi tr m cc trc s giao nhau
o Maximum axis value Hai trc s giao nhau ti gi tr ln nht trn trc (tung)
Category Axis
Interval between tick marks Xc nh s th hin cc nhm theo khong chia
(c bao nhiu nhm trong mt khong chia, thng l mt nhm).
Interval between labels Xc nh s xut hin ca nhn theo khong chia
o Automatic Excel t xc nh (thng l 1)
o Specify interval unit Xc nh nhn s xut hin sau bao nhiu khong chia trn
trc.
Categories in reverse order Cc nhm th hin theo th t ngc li
Label distance from axis Xc nh khong cch ca nhn so vi trc
Axis Type Xc nh loi trc s dng nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis
Vertical axis crosses Cc la chn qui nh cch m trc tung ct trc tung
o Automatic Do Excel t xc nh.
o At category number Xc nh s nhm m ti cc trc s giao nhau
o At maximum category Hai trc s giao nhau ti gi tr ln nht trn trc
Position Axis Qui nh cch hin th ca cc nhm v nhn trn trc (Dng cho
th 2-D area, column, v line).
o On tick marks Hin ngay k hiu phn cch
o Between tick marks Hin gia cc k hiu phn cch
Time Scale Axis
Minimum Xc nh gi tr (ngy) nh nht trn trc (ngy bt u)
Maximum Xc nh gi tr (ngy) ln nht trn trc (ngy kt thc)
Major unit Xc nh khong chia chnh trn trc (n v l ngy, thng hay
nm)
Minor unit Xc nh khong chia ph trn trc (n v l ngy, thng hay nm)
Base Unit Xc nh n v tnh cho trc
Dates in reverse order Hin th theo th t ngc li trn trc
Axis Type Xc nh loi trc s dng nh Automatic, Text axis hoc Date axis
Vertical Axis crosses Cc la chn qui nh cch trc tung giao vi trc honh
o Between dates Do Excel t xc nh
o At date Giao nhau ti ngy do bn nhp vo
o At maximum date Giao nhau ti ngy ln nht (gn y nht) trn trc
Position Axis Qui nh cch hin th ca cc nhm v nhn trn trc (Dng cho
th 2-D area, column, v line).
o On tick marks Hin ngay k hiu phn cch
o Between tick marks Hin gia cc k hiu phn cch
d. Cc thao tc vi chui s liu trong th
Xa bt mt chui s liu khi th
Chn chui s liu trn th (V d: chn ng cung)
Nhn phm Delete trn bn phm xt chui khi th

Minh ha xa chui ng cung khi th
Thm chui mi vo th
Chn th cn thm chui mi vo.
Chart Tools Design Data Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data
Source xut hin.
Nhp nt Add, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin
t tn cho chui mi ti Series Name (bng tham chiu hoc nhp trc tip tn
vo t bn phm) v chn vng cha d liu ti Series Values
Ngoi ra ta c th thm nhanh chui mi vo th bng cch chp (Ctrl+C) d
liu ca n vo b nh, sau chn th v dn (Ctrl+V) vo th.

Minh ha thm chui d liu ca thng 3/2008 vo th
Thay i chui s liu
Cng vi v d trn nhng ta mun ch v cho 2 sn phm Giy v Dp
Chn th cn chnh sa
Chart Tools Design Data Select Data. Hp thoi Select Data
Source xut hin.
Chn chui cn chnh sa, nhp nt Edit, hp thoi Edit Series xut hin
Chn li vng d liu mi ti Series Values. Lm tng t cho cc chui s liu
khc.

Minh ha thay i chui s liu
Ngoi ra chng ta c th s dng hm Series cho th. C php nh sau: =
Series(series_name, category_labels, values, order, sizes) Trong :
Series_name: (ty chn) tham chiu n cha tn chui, bn c th nhp vn
bn trc tip vo nh t trong cp nhy kp.
Category_labels: (ty chn) tham chiu n vng cha cc nhn cho cc nhm
s liu trn trc, nu b trng Excel t nh s cc nhm bt u l s 1. C th
nhp trc tip cc nhn vo Tab cch nhau bng du phy v t trong cp ngoc
mc {}.
Values: (bt buc) tham chiu n vng cha s liu ca cc chui cn v.
Order: (bt buc) L s nguyn qui nh th t v ca cc chui (nu th c
nhiu hn 1 chui)
Sizes: (ch dng cho th bong bng Bubble chart) Tham chiu n vng
cha d liu v kch thc ca bong bng trong th kiu Bubble (s dng trong
phn tch ti chnh). Cc gi tr c th nhp trc tip Tab cch nhau bng du phy
v t trong cp ngoc mc {}.

Minh ha hm Series ca chui s liu thng 3/2008
Thm ng xu hng vo th
Khi v cc th vi d liu theo thi gian chng ta thng v thm ng xu
hng bit c xu hng trong tng lai ca tp d liu. Mt tp s liu c th
c nhiu ng xu hng ty theo cch phn tch ca chng ta. thm ng xu
hng bn vo:
Chart Tools Layout Analysis Trendline chn kiu ng xu
hng t danh sch hay vo More Trendline Options

Minh ha thm ng xu hng vo th
Chng 6: nh Dng Trang V In Bng Tnh
6.1. Cc ch hin th trang trong Excel
Excel 2010 h tr mnh hn trong vic in n, vi nhiu ch xem trc quan gip
bn c th thy c kt qu in ngay trn mn hnh.
C 3 ch hin th l Nornal View, Page Layout View v Page Break Preview.
truy cp cc ch xem vo nhm View chn Workbook Views chn
kiu xem.
Normal View: y l ch bn s dng thng xuyn trong qu trnh
nhp liu, tnh ton, trn bng tnh v l ch mc nh ca Excel.
Page Layout View: L ch xem trc khi in, trong ch ny bn vn
c th tnh ton v nhp liu.
Page Break Preview: Hin th bng tnh Excel vi cc du phn trang, ti
y bn c th chia li trang bng cch ko th cc ng chia cch trang.
6.2. Thit lp thng s cho trang in
Tt c cc ty chn thit lp thng s trang in c ti nhm Page Layout nhm
Page Setup (Margins: ty chn l trang, Orientation: chiu trang ngang hay dc,
Size: ty chn kh giy, Print Area: ty chn vng in, Breaks: ty chn ngt trang,
Background: chn hnh nn, Print Titles: ty chn in tiu lp li trn mi
trang,). Bn c th thit lp cc thng s ti y hoc vo hp thoi Page Setup
iu chnh. vo hp thoi Page Setup bn vo nhm Page Layout n
nhm Page Setup nhn vo nt



Chiu trang in (Orientation)
1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Orientation chn Portrait
(trang dc)/ chn Landscape (trang ngang)
2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup chn ngn Page Orientation chn chiu
trang in Portrait / Landscape
Kh giy (Size)
1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Size chn kh giy
2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup chn ngn Page Page size chn giy
Canh l giy (Margins)
1. Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Margins chn kiu cha l
2. Trong hp thoi Page Setup chn ngn Margins nhp cc gi tr vo
Top (l trn), Bottom (l di), Left (l tri), Right (l phi), Header (l tiu
u trang), Footer (l tiu chn trang). Ngoi ra cn c ty chn canh gia:
Horizontally (canh gia trang theo chiu ngang) v Vertically (canh gia trang
theo chiu dc)
Chn vng in (Set Print Area)
Qut chn vng cn in, vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Print
Area Set Print Area.
Ngt trang (Page Break)
Chn ngt trang ngang: Di chuyn hin hnh n ni s chn ngt trang ti
ct A, sau vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks
Insert Page Break. (Nu khng ct A s ngt trang theo chiu
ngang v dc)
B tng du ngt trang: Di chuyn hin hnh n nm ngay di du,
sau vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Breaks Remove
Page Break.
B tt c nh du ngt trang: Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup
Breaks Reset All Page Breaks.
Thm hnh nn (Background)
Vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Background chn hnh lu tr
trn my nhn nt Insert
In tiu dng v ct (Row and column headers)
Vo Ribbon Page Layout Sheet Options Headings chn Print
In tiu ct v dng lp li cc trang
B1. Vo Ribbon Page Layout Page Setup Print Title
B2. Ti Rows to repeat at top ta qut chn dng s 1 vo $1:$1
B3. Ti Columns to repeat at left ta qut chn ct A $A:$A
B4. Nhn OK hon tt.

Hnh minh ha chn in lp li cc tiu dng 1 v ct A
iu chnh t l phng to/ thu nh trang in
Trong mt s trng hp ta cn in nn hay phng to ni dung vo mt s trang
nht nh khi ta dng Ribbon Page Layout Scale To Fit Scale. Ta
c th thu nh ti liu n 10% v phng to ti 400%.
Ngoi ra ta c th p Excel in ti liu ra vi s trang ta qui nh ti Ribbon
Page Layout Scale To Fit Width v Ribbon Page Layout Scale
To Fit Height.
In ng li ca cc
in ng li k cc trong bng tnh ta chn Ribbon Page Layout
Sheet Options Gridline Print.
Thm thng tin vo u trang v chn trang (Header v Footer)
Header cha cc thng tin xut hin u mi trang v Footer cha cc thng tin
xut hin cui mi trang. Cc phin bn trc ta dng ngn Hearder/ Footer
trong hp thoi Page Setup thm Header v Footer nhng phin bn ny lm
bng mt cch khc d dng v trc quan hn, c bit c th chn hnh vo.
Vo Ribbon View chuyn sang ch xem Page Layout Tin hnh
thm Header v Footer vo.
Lu bn phi nhp chut vo vng Header hoc Footer th nhm lnh Design
mi hin ra.

Cc nt lnh trong thanh Design
Cc m lnh v nt lnh trong Header v Footer
Nt lnh M lnh Chc nng

&[Page] Hin th s trang ti liu

&[Pages] Hin th tng s trang c in

&[Date] Hin th ngy hin ti

&[Time] Hin th gi hin ti

&[Path]&[File] Hin th ng dn y n ni lu
tp tin v Tn tp tin

&[File] Hin th tn tp tin

&[Tab] Hin th tn sheet

Khng c Chn hnh la chn vo. Bn phi tm
n hnh cn chn vo trong hp thoi
Insert Picture, chn hnh v nhn nt
Insert.

Khng c Thit lp cc thng c cho hnh chn
vo.

Do Excel dng k hiu & bt u m lnh, do vy trong trng hp on vn
bn trong Header v Footer cn dng k hiu & th bn hy nhp k hiu ny 2
ln &&. V d bn mun nhp Cng thc & Hm vo Header th hy nhp
Cng thc && Hm. Cc la chn khc ca Header v Footer:
Different First Page: Nu chn th bn c th thit lp thng tin khc vo
header/ footer ca trang u tin so vi header/ footer ca cc trang cn li
trong ti liu.
Different Odd & Even Pages: Nu chn, th bn c th t header/ footer
khc nhau cho cc trang chn v cc trang l.
Scale With Document: Nu chn, kch thc ch ca header/ footer s
tng gim theo ti liu khi ti liu s dng chc nng in c iu chnh t l
phng to/ thu nh.
Align With Page Margins: Nu chn, l tri v l phi ca header/ footer
canh u vi l tri v l phi ca ti liu.
6.3. Thit lp thng s hp thoi Print
gi hp thoi Print, bn chn nt Office chn Print hay nhn t hp phm
<Ctrl+P>. Dng hp thoi ny chn my in, chn trang cn in, chn s lng
bn sao v mt s ty chn khc.

Selection: Ch in vng ang chn trc nhn lnh Office Print
Active sheet(s): Ch in sheet hin hnh hay cc sheet ang chn.
Entire workbook: In ton b workbook
Table: Ch c tc dng khi hin hnh ang trong mt bng, nu chn th
ch in bng ny.
Ignore print areas: Khi chn, Excel s b qua tt c cc thit lp vng in
thc hin.
6.4. Cc lu khc
Ngn khng cho in mt s vng
Trong mt s trng hp, d liu c cc thng tin nhy cm m bn khng mun
in ra. Khi bn lm theo cc cch sau. n cc dng hay ct cha thng tin .
Home Cells Format Chn lnh n.
T mu ch ging vi mu nn ca cc .
V hnh ln vng d liu nhy cm.
Ngn khng cho in cc i tng
Mt s i tng trn bng tnh nh th, hnh v, SmartArt m bn khng mun
in th lm nh sau:
B1. Nhp phi chut ln i tng v chn Size and Properties.
B2. Chn ngn Properties trong hp thoi
B3. B la chn ti Print Object.
Chng 7: Lm Vic Vi Macro, Templates

7.1 Macro
Macros l cc tnh nng cao cp, c th lm tng tc chnh sa hay nh
dng m bn c th thc hin thng xuyn trong mt bng tnh Excel. Chng
ghi li nhng hnh ng m bn chn menu cho mt chui cc hnh ng
c th c hon thnh trong mt bc.
Ghi mt Macro
ghi mt Macro:
Kch tab View trn vng Ribbon
Kch Macros
Kch Record Macro

Nhp tn cho Marco (khng cha du cch)
Nhp mt phm tt
Nhp vo mc Description gii thch hay m t

thc hin Macro:
Kch Macro
Kch Stop Recording

Thc thi Macro
thc thi mt Macro t phm tt, ch cn n vo phm m bn chn chy
Macro. Hoc bn c th xem tt c cc Macro v thc thi bng cch:
Kch Macros
Kch View Macros
Chn mt Macro v kch Run

Chng 8: Phm Tt V Th Thut
8.1 Phm Tt
a. Truy cp Ribbon bng bn phm
Mi nhn qua giao din Excel chng ta c th tng rng phi s dng Ribbon
bng chut khng th dng t hp <ALT+k t i din> v khng c cc k gch
chn nh cc phin bn trc. Tuy nhin thanh Ribbon vn c th truy cp bng
bn phm.
Khi mun truy cp n cc nhm lnh trn thanh Ribbon nh Home, Insert,
ta nhn phm ALT mt ln (khng cn gi phm ALT). Cc k t i din cho cc
nhm lnh s hin ln, bn ch cn nhn phm trn bn phm tng ng k t i
din cn truy cp. Ngoi ra bn cng c th dng cc phm di
chuyn trong thanh Ribbon.

bit k t i din cho cc nt lnh, bn hy nhn nhn t hp phm <ALT
+ k t i din ca nhm lnh>. V d nhm lnh Page Layout (k t i din l
P) <ALT+P>.
Khi mun thc hin mt lnh no trn thanh Ribbon th ta di chuyn
( ) n lnh v nhn phm Enter hay dng <ALT + K t i din
cho nt lnh>.
Khi mun tr li vng lm vic trn bng tnh, ta nhn phm ALT mt ln hoc
nhn phm ESC.
b. Phm tt
i lc con chut ca my tnh hi d chng v vic qung n i nhiu
khi li l bin php hay nht. Nu gp trng hp nh th th danh sch phm
tt di y tht s cn thit cho bn v cho c nhng ai cn con chut nhng
mun thao tc nhanh hn:
Phm tt ngha
Enter Ci d liu vo , di chuyn xung di
ESC B qua d liu ang thay i
F4 hay Ctrl+Y Lp li thao tc va lm
Alt+Enter Bt u dng mi trong
Backspace Xa k t bn tri hoc vng chn
Delete Xa k t bn phi hoc vng chn
Ctrl+Delete Xo tt c ch trong mt dng
Phm mi tn Di chuyn ln xung hoc qua li mt k t
Home Chuyn v u dng
Ctrl+D Chp d liu t trn xung di
Ctrl+R Chp d liu t bn tri qua phi
Shift+Enter Ghi d liu vo v di chuyn ln trn
trong vng chn
Tab Ghi d liu vo vo di chyn qua phi
vng chn
Shift+Tab Ghi d liu vo vo di chyn qua tri
vng chn
Phm tt ngha
= Bt u mt cng thc
F2 Hiu chnh d liu trong
Backspace Xo k t bn tri trong ang hiu chnh
Ctrl+F3 t tn cho vng chn
F3 Dn mt tn t trong cng thc
F9 Cp nht tnh ton cc Sheet trong
Workbook
ang m
Shift+F9 Cp nht tnh ton trong sheet hin hnh
Alt+= Chn cng thc AutoSum
Ctrl+; Cp nht ngy thng
Ctrl+Shift+: Nhp thi gian
Ctrl+K Chn mt Hyperlink
Ctrl+Shift+ Chp gi tr ca pha trn vo v tr con
tr ca hin hnh
Ctrl+ Chp gi tr ca pha trn vo v tr con
tr ca hin hnh
Ctrl+A Hin th Formula Palette sau khi nhp mt
tn hm vo cng thc
Ctrl+Shift+A Chn du ( ) v cc i s ca hm sau khi
nhp tn hm vo cng thc
nh dng d liu
Phm tt ngha
Ctrl+1 Hin th lnh Cell trong menu Format
Ctrl+Shift+~ nh dng s kiu General
Ctrl+Shift+$ nh dng s kiu Curency vi hai ch s
thp phn
Ctrl+Shift+% nh dng s kiu Percentage (khng c ch
s thp phn)
Ctrl+Shift+^ nh dng s kiu Exponential vi hai ch
s thp phn
Ctrl+Shift+# nh dng kiu Data cho ngy, thng, nm
Ctrl+Shift+? nh dng kiu Numer vi hai ch s thp
phn
Ctrl+Shift+& Thm ng vin ngoi
Ctrl+Shift+ - B ng vin
Ctrl+B Bt tt ch m, khng m
Ctrl+I Bt tt ch nghing, khng nghing
Ctrl+U Bt tt ch gch di
Ctrl+5 Bt tt ch gch gia khng gch gia
Ctrl+9 n dng
Ctrl+Shift+( Hin th dng n
8.2 Th thut
1. Dch s tin v ch (Chuyn s thnh ch)
Bc 1. M tp tin cn chuyn >> Nhn t hp phm Alt + F11 m trnh son
tho VBA ca Excell
Bc 2. Nhp chut phi ln VBA Project >> Insert >> Module >> v dn on
m bn di vo ca s ca Module mi chn
Function ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese(ByVal MyNumber)
Dim Temp
Dim Dollars, Cents
Dim DecimalPlace, Count
ReDim Place(9) As String
Place(2) = " Nghin "
Place(3) = " Trieu "
Place(4) = " Ty "
Place(5) = " Ngan ty "
' Convert MyNumber to a string, trimming extra spaces.
MyNumber = Trim(Str(MyNumber))
' Find decimal place.
DecimalPlace = InStr(MyNumber, ".")
' If we find decimal place
If DecimalPlace > 0 Then
' Convert cents
Temp = Left(Mid(MyNumber, DecimalPlace + 1) & "00", 2)
Cents = ConvertTens(Temp)
' Strip off cents from remainder to convert.
MyNumber = Trim(Left(MyNumber, DecimalPlace - 1))
End If
Count = 1
Do While MyNumber <> ""
' Convert last 3 digits of MyNumber to English dollars.
Temp = ConvertHundreds(Right(MyNumber, 3))
If Temp <> "" Then Dollars = Temp & Place(Count) & Dollars
If Len(MyNumber) > 3 Then
' Remove last 3 converted digits from MyNumber.
MyNumber = Left(MyNumber, Len(MyNumber) - 3)
Else
MyNumber = ""
End If
Count = Count + 1
Loop
' Clean up dollars.
Select Case Dollars
Case ""
Dollars = "khong Nghin"
Case "One"
Dollars = "Mot Nghin"
Case Else
Dollars = Dollars & " Nghin"
End Select
' Clean up cents.
Select Case Cents
Case ""
Cents = " va khong Dong"
Case "One"
Cents = " va mot Dong"
Case Else
Cents = " va " & Cents & " Dong"
End Select
ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese = Dollars & Cents
End Function
Private Function ConvertHundreds(ByVal MyNumber)
Dim Result As String
' Exit if there is nothing to convert.
If Val(MyNumber) = 0 Then Exit Function
' Append leading zeros to number.
MyNumber = Right("000" & MyNumber, 3)
' Do we have a hundreds place digit to convert?
If Left(MyNumber, 1) <> "0" Then
Result = ConvertDigit(Left(MyNumber, 1)) & " Tram "
End If
' Do we have a tens place digit to convert?
If Mid(MyNumber, 2, 1) <> "0" Then
Result = Result & ConvertTens(Mid(MyNumber, 2))
Else
' If not, then convert the ones place digit.
Result = Result & ConvertDigit(Mid(MyNumber, 3))
End If
ConvertHundreds = Trim(Result)
End Function
Private Function ConvertTens(ByVal MyTens)
Dim Result As String
' Is value between 10 and 19?
If Val(Left(MyTens, 1)) = 1 Then
Select Case Val(MyTens)
Case 10: Result = "Muoi"
Case 11: Result = "Muoi mot"
Case 12: Result = "Muoi hai"
Case 13: Result = "Muoi ba"
Case 14: Result = "Muoi bon"
Case 15: Result = "Muoi lam"
Case 16: Result = "Moi sau"
Case 17: Result = "Muoi bay"
Case 18: Result = "Muoi tam"
Case 19: Result = "Muoi chin"
Case Else
End Select
Else
' .. otherwise its between 20 and 99.
Select Case Val(Left(MyTens, 1))
Case 2: Result = "Hai muoi "
Case 3: Result = "Ba muoi "
Case 4: Result = "Bon muoi "
Case 5: Result = "Nam muoi "
Case 6: Result = "Sau muoi "
Case 7: Result = "Bay muoi "
Case 8: Result = "Tam muoi "
Case 9: Result = "Chin muoi "
Case Else
End Select
' Convert ones place digit.
Result = Result & ConvertDigit(Right(MyTens, 1))
End If
ConvertTens = Result
End Function
Private Function ConvertDigit(ByVal MyDigit)
Select Case Val(MyDigit)
Case 1: ConvertDigit = "Mot"
Case 2: ConvertDigit = "Hai"
Case 3: ConvertDigit = "Ba"
Case 4: ConvertDigit = "Bon"
Case 5: ConvertDigit = "Nam"
Case 6: ConvertDigit = "Sau"
Case 7: ConvertDigit = "Bay"
Case 8: ConvertDigit = "Tam"
Case 9: ConvertDigit = "Chin"
Case Else: ConvertDigit = ""
End Select
End Function
Bc 3. Nhn phm Alt + F11 mt ln na v nhn Ctrl + S save li ton b ti
liu.
Bc 4. n y, bn c th s dng cng thc
=ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese(B3) chuyn i tin t t s v ch (vi B3
l s tin bng ch s)
V d: B3 c gi tr l: 123456 th kt qu =ConvertCurrencyToVietnamese(B3)
tr v l Mot Tram Hai muoi Ba Nghin Bon Tram Nam muoi Sau Nghin va
khong Dong
2. Giu bng tnh Excel chuyn nghip
Trong cng vic vn phng, nu bn cn giu mt bng tnh trong ti liu Excel m
khng mun ngi khc dng lnh Format > Sheet > Unhide xem bng tnh, m
theo cch thng thng khi bn dng lnh Format > Sheet > Hide giu cc bng
tnh (nu khng c bo v bng mt khu) th ch cn ngi khng chuyn thi
cng c th dng lnh Format > Sheet > UnHide lm cho n hin ra bng
tnh ri.

Nhng khi bn p dng th thut ny th bng tnh ca bn s c an ton hn rt
nhiu v y cng l mt "phng n" mi cc bn c tham kho v c thm
c nhiu s la chon trong cng vic ca mnh Cc thc hin nh sau: Trong
bng tnh cn c bo mt, bn hy nhn ALT+F11 m ca s Microsoft
Visual Basic ra. Trong ca s Project - VBA Project, nhp p vo VBA Project,
tip tc nhp p vo Microsoft Excel Objects m cc bng tnh trong ti liu
sau ri chn bng tnh m bn mun giu -> ri nhn F4. Trong ty chn
Visible bn nhp vo du tam gic chn 2-xlSheetVeryHidden, cui cng ng
Microsoft Visual Basic ny li v xem kt qu th no Khi no mun bng tnh
hin ra tr li, th bn ch cn thc hin li cc thao tc trn v chn -1-
xlSheetVisible l c.
3. Kha v bo v nhng c cha cng thc
Chiu ny gip bn cho php ngi khc thay i cc c cha d liu, nhng
cm h thay i cc cha cng thc. Bn cng c th bo v cc c cha
cng thc m khng cn phi bo v ton b trang tnh ca bn.
Khi to mt bng tnh, thng chng ta s phi dng n mt s cng thc, v khi
chia s bng tnh cho mi ngi, c th bn mun rng, khng ai c th can thip
(xa, sa...) nhng vo nhng c cha cng thc. Cch d nht l cng ph bin
nht l Protect (bo v) bng tnh. Tuy nhin, Protect bng tnh khng ch ngn
khng cho can thip vo cc cha cng thc, m n khng cho can thip vo tt
c, ngha l khng ai c th lm g bng tnh ca bn. i khi, bn li khng mun
nh vy, bn ch mun bo v cc cha cng thc thi, cn nhng cha d liu
th khng.
C ba gii php thc hin iu ny: Kha nhng cha cng thc, s dng
chc nng Data-validation cho cc cha cng thc, v t ng bt tt chc nng
bo v.
Kha cc cha cng thc
Theo mc nh, tt c cc trong bng tnh u c kha (locked), tuy nhin, n
chng c tc dng g tr phi bn p dng lnh Protect bng tnh. y l cch d
nht p dng lnh Protect cho bng tnh, nhng ch nhng cha cng thc th
mi b kha, v c bo v:
Chn ton b bng tnh, bng cch nhn Ctrl+A, hoc nhn vo ci vung nm
giao im ca ct A v hng 1. Ri nhn nt phi chut v chn Format Cells, ri
trong tab Protection, b nh du ty chn Locked, ri nhn OK:

M kha (Unlock) ton b bng tnh bng cch b ty chn Locked
Sau , bn chn i mt no , chn Home Find & Select Go To
Special; hoc nhn Ctrl+G hay F5 ri nhn vo nt Special.... Hp thoi sau y
s m ra:

Dng hp thoi Go To Special chn cc c cha cng thc
Trong hp thoi , bn nhn vo ty chn Formulas, v nu cn thit th chn
hoc khng chn thm 4 nh di (lit k cc loi cng thc, mc nh th c 4
ny u c chn), v nhn OK. Sau , bn m li hp thoi Format Cells
ni trn, nhng ln ny th bn nh du vo ty chn Locked, v nu bn thch
n lun cng thc (khng cho thy) th nh du vo ty chn Hidden, nhn OK.
Vic cui cng l Protect bng tnh: Chn Home trn Ribbon, nhn vo Format
trong nhm Cells, ri nhn vo Protect Sheet...; hoc chn Review trn Ribbon,
ri nhn vo Protect Sheet [E2003: Tools | Protection | Protect Worksheet]:
Chn Protect Sheet t Home
Chn Protect Sheet t Review
Trong hp thoi Protect Sheet, b nh du ty chn Select locked cells, ch cho
php Select unlocked cells (chn nhng khng kha), v nhp vo mt
password, nu cn thit:

B ty chn Select locked cells trong hp thoi Protect Sheet
Vy l xong. T by gi, nhng cha cng thc ca bn s c bo v, c th
khng xem thy c nu bn chn Hidden, bn khng lo nhng cng thc ny
b can thip na.
S dng Data-validation
S dng Data-validation, ch l n gin khng cho ghi vo nhng c cha
cng thc, ngha l khng cho sa cng thc. Tuy nhin, phng php ny ch
phng nga cho chnh bn, ngha l trnh vic ty my sa li ci g trong
nhng cha cng thc, ch tht ra, mc d c "Validation", bn vn c th
xa cng thc, hoc dn vo nhng bt k d liu no bn thch... Ni chung
n khng bo v c g nhiu. Nhng cng xin ni s qua v phng php ny:
thc hin, bn hy chn nhng cha cng thc bng chc nng Go To
Specials m ti ni trn. Ri, vi nhng cha cng thc ang c chn,
bn gi Data Validation t menu Data trn Ribbon [E2003: Data | Validation].
Trong hp thoi ny, chn tab Settings, chn Custom cho khung Allow, v nhp
cng thc ny: =" " vo khung Formula, ri nhn OK, nh hnh sau:

S dng Data Validation bo v nhng cha cng thc
K t y, mi khi bn nhp bt k th g vo trong nhng cha cng thc, hoc
bn mun sa li cng thc, s c mt cnh bo xut hin, ngn khng cho bn
nhp vo. Xin nhc li, phng php ny khng cm vic xa hn cng thc, cng
nh dn th g vo nhng cha cng thc.
T ng bt tt chc nng bo v
Phng php ny, s t ng bt chc nng bo v bng tnh (Protect) mi khi bn
chn mt c kha (locked), nhng n cng s t ng tt chc nng bo v
khi bn chn mt khng b kha.
bt u, bn hy chc chn rng nhng bn mun bo v ( cha cng thc)
c kha, cn nhng khng cn bo v th khng b kha, nh ti trnh
by phng php th nht. Sau , bn nhn Alt+F11, nhn vo Sheet m bn
mun bo v cc kha trong , ri nhp vo trong khung son tho on
code sau y:
Private Sub Worksheet_SelectionChange(ByVal Target As Range)
If Target.Locked = True Then
Me.Protect Password:="Secret"
Else
Me.Unprotect Password:="Secret"
End If
End Sub
Nu khng cn n password, bn khng cn dng on Password:="Secret", hoc
nu mun Password l th g khc, bn sa li ch Secret bng ci bn mun.
Nu bn lo rng ngi ta c th vo trong khung son tho VBA xem password,
bn c th bo v cc code ny (khng cho xem) bng cch chn Tools
VBAProject Properties, chn tab Properties, chn Lock Project for Viewing,
v nhp vo mt password.
Tuy nhin, phng php ny cng khng hot ng hon ho, mc d n cng
gip bn c phn no vic bo v cc cng thc. T kha Target c s dng
trong on code s ch tham chiu n ang "active" ngay ti thi im n
c chn (xin ni thm, cho d bn chn mt dy, nhng trong dy , ch c
mt "active" m thi, l ang c mu khc vi nhng cn li). V l do ny,
nu mt ngi no chn mt dy cc (vi "active" khng b kha), th ngi
c th xa ton b dy ny, bi v khi th chc nng Unprotect c t
ng bt!
4. S dng Data-Validation khi danh sch ngun nm trong mt
Sheet khc
S dng Data-Validation l mt cch d nht p dng mt quy tc nhp liu
cho mt dy d liu. Theo mc nh, Excel ch cho php Data-Validation s
dng nhng danh sch ngun nm trong cng mt Sheet vi dy d liu s
c p dng quy tc ny. Tuy nhin, vn c cch lch khi chuyn .
Chiu ny s gip bn lm cho Data-Validation c th s dng nhng danh sch
ngun nm trong mt Sheet khc. Cch th nht l li dng chnh vic t tn cho
mt dy ca Excel, cch th hai l s dng mt hm gi ra danh sch .
Cch 1: S dng Name cho dy ngun
C l cch nhanh nht v d nht vt qua ro cn Data-Validation ca Excel l
t tn cho dy m bn s dng lm quy tc nhp liu. bit cch t tn cho
dy, bn xem lot bi ny: S dng tn cho dy.
Gi s bn t tn cho dy s dng lm quy tc nhp liu l MyRange. Bn
chn (hoc dy) trong bt k Sheet no m bn mun c mt danh sch x ra
nhp liu, ri trong menu Data trn Ribbon, bn chn Data Tools | Data
Validation [E2003: Data | Validation]. Chn List trong danh sch cc Allow, v
trong khung Source, bn nhp vo =MyRange. Nhn OK. Bi v bn s dng
mt Name lm List, nn bn c th p dng Data-Validation ny cho bt k
Sheet no.

Cch 2: S dng hm INDIRECT
Hm INDIRECT() cho php bn tham chiu n cha d liu text i din cho
mt a ch . V ri bn c th s dng nh mt tham chiu cc b, cho d
n tham chiu n d liu trong mt Sheet khc. Bn c th s dng tnh nng ny
tham chiu n ni cha dy m bn s dng lm danh sch ngun cho quy tc
Data-Validation.
Gi s, dy cha danh sch ngun ny nm Sheet1, trong dy $A$1:$A$8.
to mt Dala-Validation, bn cng lm nhng bc nh ti ni cch 1, nhng
thay v g tn dy vo trong Source, th bn nhp vo cng thc:
=INDIRECT("Sheet1!$A$1:$A$8"). Hy chc chn rng ty chn In-cell drop-
down ang c kch hot, v nhn OK.

Nu tn Sheet ca bn c cha khong trng, hoc c du ting Vit, bn phi t
tn Sheet trong mt cp nhy n ('). V d, gi s tn Sheet cha danh sch ngun
l Sheet 1 (ch khng phi Sheet1), th bn sa cng thc trn li nh sau:
=INDIRECT("'Sheet 1'!$A$1:$A$8"). Ch khc nhau so vi cng thc hi ny l
c thm mt du nhy n (') sau du nhy kp ("), v mt du nhy n (') na
trc du chm than (!).
Xin m mt ngoc n: Nu nh c th c, khi gp nhng tham chiu n tn
Sheet, bn nn tp thi quen lun lun b n vo trong cp du nhy n. iu
ny, tuy chng c tc dng g vi nhng tn sheet nh Sheet1, DMHH... nhng n
s gip bn khng bao gi gp li, khi bn hay t tn Sheet c khong trng, hay
l c b du ting Vit...
u im v Khuyt im ca c hai cch nu trn
t tn cho dy, v dng hm INDIRECT, u c ci tin li v c ci bt tin.
Tin li ca vic t tn cho dy, l vic bn thay i tn Sheet chng c nh
hng g n Data-Validation. V chnh l ci bt tin ca vic dng
INDIRECT, khi bn i tn Sheet, tn mi s khng t ng cp nht trong cng
thc dng INDIRECT, cho nn nu vn mun dng cng thc ny, bn phi m
Data-Validation ra v sa li tn Sheet trong cng thc.
Tin li ca vic dng INDIRECT, l dy dng lm danh sch ngun ca bn lun
lun nm yn ch chn (A1:A8 trong v d trn chng hn). Cn nu bn dng
Name, m bn l tay xa mt vi hng (hoc ct) ngay ch cha Name, th bn
phi iu chnh li cho ng...
5. iu khin Conditional Formating bng checkbox.
Mc d Conditional Formating l 1 trong nhng chiu mnh ca Excel, nhng
mun bt hay tt n bng ribbon hay menu th kh bc bi. By gi ta bin ho
bng cch iu khin bng 1 checkbox ging nh 1 cng tc (hoc 1 ci toggle
Button cng ging hn).
Conditional Formating c t i Excel 97, gn nh dng cho nhng no tho 1
s iu kin no . iu kin c th l 1 iu kin v gi tr, nhng ta c th tu
bin nhiu hn khi dng iu kin l cng thc, da vo ta c th thay i nh
dng cho nhng ny, khi c s thay i gi tr ca khc.
1. Dng 1 Checkbox hoc 1 Toggle Button xem v n d liu:
Bn mun mt vng d liu no ch hin ra lc cn xem, xem xong th bin i
cho rnh. Trc tin bn phi gn ln sheet 1 Checkbox hoc 1 Toggle Button.
Trong Excel 2010, vo tab Developer, nhn Insert trong Controls - chn Checkbox
hoc Toggle Button trong Control Toolbox, trong Excel 2003 chn trong view
Toolbar Control Toolbox, v ln sheet 1 ci. Trong hnh, ti lm th 2 ci.
.................
Nhn vo nt design, click chn ci control bn va v, nhn thm nt Property.
Trong ca s Property, sa dng Caption thnh View/ Hide, sa dng Linked Cell
thnh $C$2. (c 2010 v 2003 nh nhau, c checkbox v Toggle Button nh nhau).

By gi khi bn click chn checkbox hoc nhn nt Toggle, C2 s ln lt c cc
gi tr TRUE v FALSE.
..................
By gi gi s vng d liu ca bn gm 4 fields, trong bn ch mun 3 fields
hin thng xuyn, cn field th 4 th khi no cn mi hin ra xem, khng cn
th du i. Bn nh du chn vng cha field 4, trong 2010 bn vo tab Home,
Conditional Formating, New Rule, chn tip use a formula to determine which
cells to format, trong 2003 l Fornat - Conditional Formating - chn tip
Formula is. Trong k bn, bn g: = $C$2=FALSE.

Nhn vo nt Format, nh dng font ch mu trng. Nhn OK v OK. Nhn nt
design 1 ln na thot ta khi ch design Mode. V nhn nt toggle hoc
click chn ci checkbox xem kt qu.
............
Nu bn khng thch th nh dng C2 ch trng lun, khi thy ch TRUE,
FALSE hin ln.
2. Tt m nh dng mu cho :
Dng Conditional Formating nhm t mu theo iu kin gip ta d tm c
nhng c gi tr c bit cho trc. Excel 2010 c nhiu nh dng khc nhau
cho gi tr s nm trong khong cho trc. Nhng bin php m tt bng
checkbox l khng c sn.
Tng t nh phn trn, ta to ra 1 checkbox hoc 1 Toggle Button link ti
$C$2. Nhng ln ny ta t name cho n l IsFill chng hn. Ta cng t name cho
$A$2 l BeginNum v $B$2 l EndNum, vi A2 l gii hn di th d 100, v
B2 l gii hn trn th d 1.000.
Trong vng d liu B5:B16, ta mun gi tr no nm trong khong BeginNum v
EndNum s c t mu. Vy dng conditional Formating nh trn, chn vng
C8:C18, ln ny cng thc l:
=AND($C8>=BeginNum,$C8<=EndNum,IsFill)
Chn cho n 1 nh dng mu theo mun.
Kt qu: khi nhn button hoc click checkbox thay i trng thi thnh True, cc
cha s trong khong (100, 1.000) s c t mu, cc cn li khng t. Khi thay
i thnh False, cc tr li bnh thng.
ng thi, v bn t cng thc lin quan n BeginNum v EndNum, nn khi
thay i 2 s ny, kt qu t mu cng thay i.
............
Bn thy y, nu bn cha xem bi ny m thy 1 file tng t ca ngi khc,
bn c th lm tng ngi ta s dng code ca VBA.
6. nh du nhng cha cng thc bng Conditional Formatting
Khi mt c cha d liu, bn c th mun bit d liu trong n thun l d
liu nhp vo, hay d liu l kt qu ca 1 cng thc. Bn c th ch cn click chn
v xem trn thanh cng thc. Bn cng c th dng phm tt Ctrl + ~
chuyn qua li gia ch xem gi tr v xem cng thc.
Chiu s 19 ny s gii thiu vi bn 1 hm t to, kt hp vi Conditional
Formatting nh du cha cng thc. Bng cch ny c th gip bn tm ra tt
c nhng cha cng thc trong s 10.000 m khng phi ng tng mt.
Mc d bn c th dng 1 hm c sn ca Macro4 trong Conditional Formatting,
nh sau:
Trong hp thoi Conditional Formatting, chn cng thc, g cng thc ny: =
CELL(type,A1). Nhng hn ch ca vic dng hm Cell() l cng thc s t tnh
li mi khi c s thay i nh xu trong bng tnh. V Cell() l 1 hm thuc loi
volatile. Khi Excel tnh li Cell() cho 10.000 nh trn s khin cho bn bc mnh
v ch i.
Do bn hy dng tuyt chiu sau y, n gin, d lm v khng phi hm loi
volatile:
Bn hy nhn Alt F11 vo ca s VBA, nhn chut phi vo This Workbook
insert vo 1 module. Nhp on code sau vo khung son tho:
Function IsFormula (CheckCells As Range)
IsFormula = CheckCells.HasFormula
End Function
Do tnh cht ca Property HasFormula, hm bn mi to s tr v cc gi tr lun
l True, False. Ngha l khi bn g vo bt k cng thc = IsFormula(A1) s cho
kt qu True nu A1 cha cng thc v cho kt qu False nu A1 cha gi tr.
ng ca s VBA li, tr v bng tnh. By gi nh du ton b vng d liu ca
bn (c th chn d ra mt s ct v dng, phng khi bn cp nht thm d liu)
sao cho A1 l hin hnh.
Bng cch nh chiu s 18, bn vo c ch cn thit g cng thc trong hp
thoi Conditional Formatting, v g vo:
=IsFormula(A1), sau nh dng t mu hoc i mu ch cho khc nhng cn
li.
Sau khi nhn OK bn s c kt qu l tt c nhng cha cng thc s c t
mu. Nu bn thm hoc thay i 1 , nu tr thnh cng thc th lp tc
i mu.
i khi bn khng thy kt qu, v anh Bill lanh chanh v chm hiu, anh ta cho
rng cng thc s dng hm ca bn l 1 text nn nh t sa thnh :
=IsFormula(A1). Vy bn phi vo ch c sa li.
By gi mi khi bn sa hoc thm 1 tr thnh cng thc, s c mu. ngc
li, nu bn sa 1 cng thc thnh gi tr hoc thm gi tr vo 1 , s khng
c mu.
7. S dng chc nng thay th (Replace) g b cc k t khng
mong mun.
Khi nhp d liu hay khi sao chp v dn d liu t ngun khc vo Excel th cc
k t khng mong mun s xut hin trong ton b bng tnh ca bn. S dng
chiu ny bn c th khc phc c nhng rc ri khi g b cc k t khng
mong mun bng tay. Chc nng thay th (replace) trong Excel c th gip bn g
b cc k t khng mong mun trong bng tnh, nhng phi qua mt vi bc ph.
V d nh, bn c th thay th nhng k t khng mong mun bng chui rng ta
nh n cha h tn ti. Mun vy bn cn bit m ca tng k t m bn mun g
b. Tt c cc k t u mang mt m ring v Excel s cho bn bit n l g khi
bn s dng hm CODE.
Hm CODE s tr v mt m s cho k t u tin trong mt chui. M ny tng
ng k t m my tnh ca bn thit lp.
thc hin iu ny, chn mt trong cc c cha nhng k t khng mong
mun. T thanh cng thc, bi en k t v sao chp k t . Tip theo chn
trng bt k (A1 chng hn) v dn k t vo chn (A1).
Ti khc, nhp cng thc sau:
=CODE($A$1)
Cng thc ny tr v m ca k t khng mong mun.
Chn ton b d liu ca bn, chn Home Editing Find & Select Replace
(vi phin bn trc Excel 2010: chn Edit Replace), khung Find what:
nhn phim Alt v g s 0 km theo code a ra bi cng thc trn. Nu m s
l 163 th nhn Alt v nhn 0163. (Hoc bn c th con tr chut ti c k t
khng mong mun, sao chp k t v dn vo Find what cng c)
B trng khung Replace With v nhn Replace all. Vic lm ny s xa b tt c
nhng k t khng mong mun rt nhanh qua vic d tm m k t. Lp li cc
bc trn cho mi k t khng mong mun tip theo.
8. Chuyn i con s dng vn bn sang s thc
Cc gi tr s (number) trong Excel c mc nh canh l phi v vn bn (text)
th canh l tri. Do vy, cch n gin nhn bit cc gi tr s v vn bn trong
mt ct trn bng tnh l bn thit lp ch canh l mc nh cho ct . Bn vo
Home nhm Alignment chn Format Cells vo Tab Alignment chn
General ti hp Horizontal thit lp vic canh l mc nh cho ct ang chn
nhn OK ng hp thoi Format Cells li.

Bn ko ct rng ra mt t phn bit vic canh l, khi bn s thy cc gi
tr s, ngy thng s c canh l phi v vn bn s c canh l tri.
Dng Paste Special chuyn gi tr s dng vn bn sang s thc
y l cch nhanh v d dng nht chuyn cc gi tr s dang vn bn sang s
thc. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:
Chn mt trng no v nhn lnh Copy (Ctrl + C) qut chn vng s liu
dng vn bn nh chuyn i (v d nh vng A1:A9 hnh trn) nhp phi
chut v chn Paste Special chn Add ti nhm Operation nhn OK
hon tt.

Vic lm trn s gip chuyn ton s cc con s dng vn bn sang s thc, v
rng c gi tr l 0 v khi bn cng bt k s no vo mt con s lu di dng vn
bn trong Excel th bn lm cho con s dng vn bn chuyn thnh s thc.
Dng cc hm TEXT chuyn i
Bn c th p dng nguyn tc nh cch trn vo mt s hm c sn ca Excel
thc hin vic chuyn i. Thng thng, khi bn dng mt hm thuc nhm
TEXT v kt qu tr v di dng con s th Excel vn xem con s l gi tr
dng vn bn.
Gi s bn c mt vng d liu A1:A7 nh hnh sau:

Bn dng hai hm trong nhm TEXT l LEFT v FIND tch cc gi tr ra khi
cc chui vn bn nh sau:

=LEFT(A1,FIND(" ",A1)-1)
Sau khi dng hm tch phn gi tr ra th cc kt qu tr v vn c Excel xem
nh l vn bn v chng c canh l tri nh hnh sau:
Do vy, bn cn phi hiu chnh cng thc tc chui trn mt t kt qu tr v l
cc con s thc s bng cch cng thm s 0 vo sau cng thc trn:
=LEFT(A1,FIND(" ",A1)-1) + 0

9. Tng thm s ln Undo cho Excel
Tt c chng ta u quen thuc vi chc nng Undo ca Excel, cho php chng
ta lm li nhng sai lm ca mnh. Tuy nhin, mc nh, chng ta ch c th Undo
c 16 ln. Chiu ny gip bn c th tng s ln Undo ln nhiu hn, c th n
100 ln.
Khi bn s dng chc nng Undo ca Excel, v bn thc hin Undo 16 ln, th
nt Undo b m i, khng th Undo c na. Ngoi ra, khi bn nhn nt Save
lu bng tnh, th nt Undo cng b m i, v danh sch nhng tc v (nhng hnh
ng thc hin trn bng tnh) m bn thc hin b mt sch. l do khi
bn lu bng tnh, Excel cho rng bn hi lng vi bng tnh ny (th mi nhn
Save), v n thy rng khng cn thit phi gi li danh sch nhng tc v trc
khi lu na.
Bn c th thy rng, quay lui li 16 ln l khng , nhng lm cch no tng
s ln ny ln? Ngha l lm cch no tng danh sch cc tc v ca bn ln?
Tha rng, c cch, v bn c th tng con s ny ln n 100 ln.
lm iu ny, trc ht, bn hy thot khi Excel. Sau bn chy lnh Run
ca Windows (Start | Run, hoc nhn phm Window + R), g vo Regedit.exe
v nhn OK.

Khi bn m c chng trnh Regedit, hy tm n kha:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ Office \ 11.0 \ Excel \ Options
Con s 11.0 trn y c th khc, v d vi Excel2000 th n l 10.0, vi Excel
2010 th n l 12.0

Nhn Edit | New | DWORD Value (xem hnh). Mt mc mi New Value #1 s
c to ra trong khung bn phi, bn nhp vo ch UndoHistory, v nhn
Enter.

Nhn p (double-click) vo mc UndoHistory mi to, ri g vo hp thoi m
ra mt con s bt k, min l ln hn 16 v nh hn 100. Nhn OK, ri thot
Regedit.

Bn hy khi ng li Excel v th lm g trong , ri nhn vo nt Undo xem
bn c th Undo c bao nhiu ln nh. Hy vng rng Undo 100 ln, l qu
cho bn. Tuy nhin, nu bn nhn lu bng tnh, th danh sch cc tc v c th
Undo
10. Tch h v tn trong cng mt ct trn bng tnh Excel
Bc 1: Khi nhp liu vo bng tnh Excel, thng thng ta nhp c h v tn vo
cng mt . Tuy nhin, c khi sau ta cn phi tch ring tn ra khi h v tn
m, nu lm th cng bng thao tc sao chp ri dn qua khc th s rt bt tin.
Nu s dng hm Right kt hp vi mt vi hm khc th cng c th cho ra kt
qu nh bn mun, nhng trong mt s trng hp s cho kt qu khng chnh
xc. C mt phng php ti u hn s gip bn hon thnh tt cng vic ny,
cch thc hin cng kh n gin nh sau:
Bc 2: - Trn bng tnh cha ct h tn cn tch, nhn Alt+F11
Bc 3: - Tip theo, bn nhn menu Insert v chn Module s xut hin mt ca
s son tho.

Bc 4: Bn nhp on m lnh sau vo ca s son tho:
Private Function Tachten(ten As String, lg As Integer)
Dim j As Integer
Name = Trim(ten)
For j = Len(Name) To 1 Step -1
If Mid(Name, j, 1) = " " Then
If lg = "1" Then
Tachten = Right(Name, Len(Name) - j)
Else
Tachten = Left(Name, j)
End If
Exit For
End If
Next
End Function
Bc 5:- Bn nhn Ctrl+S lu li v quay tr v bng tnh Excel.
Bc 6:- By gi tin hnh tch ring h v tn m vo mt mi, bn t
con tr ti mi cha h v tn m ri nhp vo cng thc =TachTen(B3,0) v
nhn Enter s thy ngay kt qu.
- tch ring tn vo mt mi, bn t con tr ti s cha tn cn tch v
nhp vo cng thc =TachTen(B3,1) ri nhn Enter l xong.
Ghi ch: B3 chnh l a ch ca ban u cha c h, tn m v tn.
11. To mc lc trong Excel
Nu bn tn qu nhiu thi gian trong mt workbook (bng tnh) vi rt nhiu
worksheet (trang tnh), bn s cm thng c s kh khn trong vic tm kim
mt trang tnh no . Khi , c l ta nn lp mt ch mc cc trang tnh ang c
thun tin cho vic iu hng trong bng tnh.
Bng cch s dng mt ch mc cc trang tnh s cho php bn nhanh chng v d
dng iu hng trong bng tnh, ch bng mt c nhp chut s a bn n chnh
xc ni bn mun n m khng lo b nhm ln. Bn c th to mt ch mc trong
mt vi cch: bng tay, t ng to ra bi m VBA, hoc l s dng trnh n ty
chn theo ng cnh (thm ch c th dng cc hm Macro4 khng trnh by
y).
To ch mc th cng
Cch ny rt d lm, bn ch cn chn mi mt worksheet v t cho n mt ci
tn, v d nh tn l Index. Sau , bn nhn vo tn ca cc worksheet c trong
workbook v to cc siu lin kt (hyperlink) n cc worksheet tng ng vi tn
m bn nhp.
to hyperlink bn chn tn sheet, sau vo Insert | chn Hyperlink ti nhm
Links | Insert | Hyperlinks] hoc nhn phm tt l Ctrl+K m hp thoi Insert
Hyperlink.

Chn Place in This Document v chn tn Sheet mun kt ni ti. Nhn nt OK
hon tt.
Phng php ny ph hp khi bng tnh khng c qu nhiu worksheet v tn
worksheet khng c s thay i thng xuyn, nu khng s gy ra nhiu kh
khn cho cng tc bo tr trang ch mc.
To ch mc t ng bng cch s dng VBA
Mt cch thay th khc l s dng VBA t ng to ra cc ch mc. on m
sau y s t ng to ra mt bng ch mc lin kt n tt c cc worksheet m
bn c trong workbook. Bng ch mc ny s c to li mi khi worksheet lu
ch mc c chn.
on m ny phi c t trong private module ca Sheet cha ch. Chn mt
worksheet mi vo workbook v t tn cho n l Index chng hn. Nhp chut
phi vo tn worksheet va to v chn ViewCode t trnh n ng cnh hoc
nhn t hp phm Alt+F11.
Nhp on m VBA sau vo ca s Code:
Private Sub Worksheet_Activate()
Dim wSheet As Worksheet
Dim lCount As Long
lCount = 1

With Me
.Columns(1).ClearContents
.Cells(1, 1) = "INDEX"
End With
For Each wSheet In Worksheets
If wSheet.Name <> Me.Name Then
lCount = lCount + 1
With wSheet
.Range("A1").Name = "Start" & wSheet.Index
.Hyperlinks.Add Anchor:=.Range("A1"), Address:="", SubAddress:= _
"Index", TextToDisplay:="Back to Index"
End With
Me.Hyperlinks.Add Anchor:=Me.Cells(lCount, 1), Address:="", SubAddress:= _
"Start" & wSheet.Index, TextToDisplay:=wSheet.Name
End If
Next wSheet
End Sub
Nhn t hp phm Alt+Q thot VBE v tr v ca s bng tnh, sau lu bng
tnh li. chy on m va to, bn dng chut chn sang worksheet khc trong
workbook v sau chn li worksheet Index kch hot s kin
Worksheet_Activate.
Lu rng, on m s cc t tn (Name) cho cc A1 mi worksheet km
theo s ch mc ca worksheet trong bng tnh (worksheet u tin c ch mc l 1,
k l 2, 3. n). iu ny bo m rng A1 trn mi trang tnh c mt tn
khc nhau. Nu A1 trn worksheet ca bn c t tn, bn nn cn nhc
n vic thay i A1 trong on m sang mt a ch khc ph hp hn.
Lu , nu bn c thit lp Hyperlink base (siu lin kt c s) trong workbook th
cc hyperlink c to ra t on m trn s khng th hot ng c, do chng
lin kt n cc Name trong workbook hin hnh. Khi thuc tnh hyperlink base
c thit lp th cc siu lin kt s tr n hyperlink base kt hp vi cc Name.

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