CHNG 2:

Kh khn ca phn mm

Kh khn ca phn mm

Chi ph cho kim th v sa li

Developers phi chi tr xp x 80% chi ph pht trin phn mm cho vic xc nh li v sa li

Chi ph cho kim th v sa li

Loi b cc khim khuyt cng sm th chi ph s gim rt nhiu Mi vng i pht trin phn mm phn b hot ng kim th khc nhau c th nh hng n vic tm bugs Test cng sm gip nng cao cht lng, gim thiu vic nhn i li

Waterfall Model
Requirement s Definition Functional Design Techical Design Coding

verify

verify

verify

verify

Testing

verify

Deployment

Testing trong Waterfall model

Testing vn c mi pha Testing thc hin lin tc t pha thit k, thc thi thm nh li cc pha trc Pha testing bt u sau pha coding

Spiral Model

Testing trong Spiral Model

C k hoch c th C ti liu s dng cho qu trnh test Mi vng lp ca spiral model c xem nh l mini-waterfall Release vng lp trc cn phi c test hi qui vng lp hin ti

V-Model
Requirement s Analysis Architectural Design Detailed Design Code and Unit Test Acceptance Test

System Integration
Software Integration

V-Model
Requirement s Analysis Logical Design Physical Design

Acceptance Test
System Test Integration Test Unit/Module Test

Verification

Validation

Module Design

Code

Verification, Validation v Testing

Verfification(xc minh): l qu trnh kim tra PM c ng c t hay khng Validation(thm nh): l qu trnh kim tra PM c p ng c yu cu ngi dng khng Testing: l qu trnh thc thi PM xc minh rng n tha mn yu cu a ra v tm ra li

Concurrent model

Testing trong Concurrent Model

Trong m hnh ny, lp k hoch, thit k v pht trin PM xy ra ng thi cng 1 lc Ton b d n khng c vch k hoch r rng rt kh test Testing theo kiu khm ph(ad-hoc) Bugs c th s b b st trong qu trnh test

Agile Model

Testing trong Agile Model

Pht trin phn mm theo kiu tp trung Testing theo kiu khm ph(ad-hoc), nhng tp trung D n c pht trin linh ng, nhiu thay i, nhng tt c cc thay i u c tho lun v c ghi ch li

Test plan(k hoch test)

Thit lp chin lc test Xc nh nhng ngi tham gia: testers, QA, development, support, Kim tra cc yu cu, c t v chc nng Chun b c s h tng cho test

Test plan(k hoch test)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Test Plan Identifier Introduction Test items Features to be tested Features not to be tested

Test plan(k hoch test)

6. Approach 7. Item Pass/Fail Criteria 8. Suspension criteria and resumption criteria 9. Test Deliverables(Test design specification ,Test case specification, Test summary reports,) 10.Testing tasks

Test plan(k hoch test)

11.Environment 12.Responsibilities 13.Staffing and Training Needs 14.Schedule: test milestones in project schedule, 15.Risks and Contingencies 16.Approvals

Giai on v ct mc
Development phase: khong thi gian trong vng i pht trin PM cn phi thc hin mt s cc hot ng no . Development milestone: l s kin trong qu trnh pht trin PM chuyn PM t giai on ny sang giai on khc

Cc mc kim th
Unit testing Integration testing System testing Acceptance testing

Unit testing

Unit testing
Mc thp nht Cc thnh phn c test c lp Xem xt vo cc chi tit
Error handling Interfaces

Do developer thc hin

Chin lc kim th n v
Xc nh cc k thut kim th(white-box) a ra cc tiu ch hon thnh test Xc nh mc c lp khi thit k test Tch hp cc thnh phn v mi trng isolation, top-down, bottom-up, or mixture hardware and software

Chin lc kim th n v
Lp ti liu v qui trnh test v cc hot ng test(inputs v outputs) Nhng hot ng lp i lp li sau mi ln fix li hoc thay i

Component Test Strategy

Phn cp ti liu kim th n v

Component Test Plan

Project Component Test Plan

Component Test Specification

Component Test Report

Ni dung kim th
Giao din Cu trc d liu s dng cc b ng iu khin iu kin logic Php ton x l Input, output

Qui trnh kim th n v

BEGIN

Component Test Planning Component Test Specification Component Test Execution Component Test Recording Checking for Component Test Completion

END

Integration testing

Integration testing
Tch hp thnh phn Tch hp h thng Chin lc kim th tch hp:
Big-bang Incremental (top-down, bottom-up, functional)

Do developers/testers thc hin

Big-bang Test
Ti sao chng ta li kt hp tt c cc thnh phn v test cng 1 lc? tit kim thi gian Trong thc t:
Mt nhiu thi gian tm li v sa li Test li sau khi sa li s phc tp hn nhiu

Incremental Test
Kim th tch hp dn dn
Mc 0: cc thnh phn c test Mc 1: 2 thnh phn Mc 2: 3 thnh phn, .

Gip tm ra cc khim khuyt sm sa li sm D dng phc hi sau li

Tch hp top-down

Tch hp top-down
u im
Cu trc iu khin quan trng c test trc Hm I/O c gi sm vit test d M phng chc nng chnh ca h thng sm ni bt vn lin quan n yu cu

Khuyt im
Test tch hp ph thuc vo nhiu thnh phn s khai(stubs) phc tp ca cc stubs c th s gy ra li

Tch hp Bottom-up

Tch hp Bottom-up
u im
Cc mc thp nht c test u tin iu kin test c to d dng D quan st cc kt qu test chi tit Thun li khi test t giao din ra n mi trng ngoi

Khuyt im

Ton b h thng c test vi s lng test nh Cn phi to ra cc module driver

System testing
L bc tch hp cui cng Kim th chc nng Kim th phi chc nng Do tester thc hin

Kim th chc nng mc h thng

Cc chc nng giao din Chc nng mc ngi dng hay u ra cui cng khi h thng Cc chc nng ny mang tnh tch hp nu pht hin li phi kim tra li tng thnh phn cu trc ca n

Kim th phi chc nng

Usability Security Documentation Storage Volume configuration / installation Reliability Recovery Performance, load, stress

Usability Testing
n gin, hiu qu khi s dng Giao din nht qun v ph hp Message ph hp v c ngha cho ngi s dng H tr thng tin phn hi Lin kt tt

Security Testing
Kim tra c ch bo mt ca h thng c hiu qu khng? Tester s ng vai tr l hacker Bi ton thit k h thng an ninh l:
Chi ph cng c bo v < Li ch bo v khi t nhp Chi ph t nhp > Li ch thu c t t nhp

Security Testing
V d:
Passwords, encryption Mc truy cp thng tin, quyn

Mt s k thut test l hng ca ng dng Web:

SQL Injection Cross-site Scripting(XSS)

Documentation Testing
R sot ti liu
Kim tra nh dng, li chnh t, . chnh xc v ni dung

Kim tra ti liu

C lm vic khng? Ti liu bo tr Hng dn s dng

Performance Testing
Xc nh tc , kh nng phn ti Tm im tht c chai ci tin nng cao kh nng hot ng ca PM Timing Tests
Thi gian phc v v p ng Thi gian phc hi CSDL

Capacity & Volume Tests

Khi lng/kch thc d liu ln nht kh nng x l c

Stress/Load Testing
Vn hnh h thng khi s dng ngun lc vi s lng, tn sut ln Load Testing:
kim tra PM iu kin lin tc tng mc chu ti, nhng PM vn hot ng c

Stress Testing:
Kim tra PM trng thi vn hnh trong iu kin bt thng

Configuration/Installation Testing
Configuration tests
Mi trng phn cng, phn mm khc nhau Nng cp 1 phn ca h thng c th dn n xung t vi phn khc

Installation Tests
PM c th ci t qua CD, networks, Thi gian ci t Uninstall

Reliability Testing
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) o tin cy To ra mt tp test i din, thu thp thng tin thng k t l tht bi

Recovery Testing
L bt phn mm phi tht bi xem kh nng phc hi ca n n u C 2 cch phc hi
Phc hi t ng(back-up) Phc hi da trn s can thip ca con ngi

User acceptance testing

Thm nh xem cc chc nng ca PM c tha mn s mong i ca khch hng khng? S dng cc kim th hp en Do customer thc hin Vn : nu c 1 sai lch no xy ra sa cha rt kh khn RAD tr nn ph bin

Ti sao ngi dng nn tham gia test?

Ngi dng h bit:
Nhng tnh hung xy ra trong thc t, s phc tp ca n Trng hp c bit c th gy ra vn

Li ch:
H s hiu chi tit v h thng mi

Kim th Alpha v Beta

Do ngi s dng u cui thc hin, khng phi ngi t hng H s a ra cc feedback v sn phm(pht hin li, ngh ci tin,)

Kim th Alpha
Do bn pht trin PM tin hnh c tin hnh trong mi trng c iu khin D liu thng l m phng

Kim th Beta
Do bn khch hng tin hnh c tin hnh trong mi trng thc, khng c s kim sot ca Dev Khch hng s bo co tt c cc vn trong qu trnh test mt cch nh k