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FORMULARIO
Unidades:
1 Pa = 1 kg m1 s2 = 1N m2 = 1J m3
c = 2,9979108 ms 1
= 6 , 022 10
23
mol
eh B = = 9,2741024 J T 1 2me
N =
m e = 9,109 10 31 kg
0.2 Integrales:
I (0) =
2 a
;
I (1) =
1 ; I (2) = 3 2 ; 4a 2a
I (4) =
3 8a5 2
12
,
n
ax
n! 2an+1
xneax n n1 ax x e dx= + x e dx a a 0
0.3
Oscilador armnico
1 k 1 E = v + hv ; v = 2 m 2 h2 Rotor Rgido: E = l(l +1) ; L = h l(l +1) ; Li = mh 2l kBT 1 h ; B = 2 ; I = Re2 Rotacin: Jmax = 2B 2 8 cI gN B (1 ) Resonancia magntica y frecuencia de Larmor: vL = h
1.0 Termodinmica:
Termodinmica Clsica
dU = q + w
Proceso Reversible.
dU = Tds pdV + dn
ln Z U U (0 ) =
S=
2 ln Z = k T B T V V
Entropa: S
dS
q
T
A G S = = T V T p
;
U U (0 ) + k B ln Z T
dA = SdT pdV + dn
A = U TS
A A(0) = k BT ln Z
p = k ln Z T V T
H = U + pV
Entalpa: H
RT a 2 Vm b Vm
dH = TdS + Vdp + dn
ln Z ln Z H H (0 ) = k B T 2 + k B TV V T T V
G G (0
G= A+ pV
dG = SdT + Vdp + dn
)=
ln Z k B T ln Z + k B TV V T
2
CV
U = T V
CV
ln Z = 2 k BT + k BT T
0 z i0 E 0 K p = exp i N RT A
2 ln Z T 2
= e
vi
RT
1.1
2.1
2mk BT ztr = V 2 h 1 Bhc T z rot = (2 J + 1) e hcBJ ( J +1) / k BT ; para T r = Z rot = kB J =0 r hv 1 T k T ; para T v = Z vib = = B (por modo normal vibracin) zvib = e hv k BT = hv k BT kB 1 e v hv v =0
32
zel = g i e i
el i
el
k BT
g el 0
2.2
Partculas interaccionantes:
Potencial de Lennard-Jones:
12 6 U(r) = 4 r r
1 Z Z cl = tr N! V
N zint Q
N U r k BT
Integral de configuracin:
Q = e
d r 1 , d r 2 ...d r N
A
f (r ) r
0
dr
3.1
Teora cintica:
1 N Teora cintica de gases: p = m c 2 3 V 3k T 8k T 2k T Vel. cuadrtica media: c = B ; vel. ms probable: c* = B ; vel. media: c = B m m m
2
12
12
m Distr. Maxwell-Boltzmann: f (v ) = 2 k T B
3 2
mv 2 2 k B T
2 1 ; P(Et ) = Et1 2 e Et k T B
12
32
k BT
N 8k B T = A V
= (rb + rc )2 ;
c
p (2 mk B T
)1 2
k BT 2p 3.2 Propiedades de transporte: 1 1 N 1 N Coef. Difusin: D = c ;Conduct. Trmica: = c Cv ; Viscosidad: = mc 3 3 VN A 3 V 3.3 Disolucin de electrolitos: 12 Z+Z F 2 RT ; = ; Teora de Debye-Hckel: rD = ln 2 F 2 I 8rD N A RT 1 I = mi zi2 ; mi molalidad (mol kg ) 2 Recorrido libre medio: = log = A Z+Z I 1 2 1 + BI 1 2
1 2
o 1 kg A ; B = 0,3284 mol 12
( )
v = t m
0 0