KpP-dmv: tamZn tamU-ens Im]Sy

sI.-k-l-tZ-h

kaWw
A_vZp Ipn-Iv,
jn_p t__n-amv,
^mknv {]N-cWX{--fpsS shn-sh-fn--n-tev
Cubmw-]m--Isf t]mse ]d--Sp-p efn-X-am-\-kv

KpP-dmv: tamZn tamU-ens Im]Sy

sI.-k-l-tZ-h
\pW-I Bhnv Ah-X-cn-nv kXy-amn amp hnZy ^mkn-p-I-tf-m IqSp-X \mbn ampw Adnbn-. lnve-dns {]N-cW {]h-\-v Npm ]nSn-p-sImv Ko_kv Dm-bn-cp-p. Ncn-{X-nse Hmtcm
tkzOm-[n-]-Xn-Ifpw X-fpsS {]Xn-Om-b-I krjvSn-s-Sp-m C-c-n {]NcW kwhn-[m-\- Imcy-ambn
Xs D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v. Cy ^mkn-k-ns ISp apJ--fn-sem-mb KpP-dmv apJy-a{n \tc{
tamZnbpw Xs {]Xn-Ombm \nn-p-thn {]N-cW kwhn-[m-\- ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n hcppv.
B[p-\nI Imev hyn-Ip ]Icw ]nIv dnte-jkv I-\n-I-sf-bm-sWp am{Xw. 2002se hwi-l-Xy-bneqsS X\nv \jvS-s {]Xn-Omb Xncn-p-]n-Sn-m tImSn--W-n\v cq] s]mXp-J-P-\m-hn\nv sNe-h-gnv tamUn
Iqp-]n-Sn-Xv hmjn-MvS-Wnse B]vtIm thUvsshUv F ]nB I-\n-sbbm-Wv. B]vtIm thUvv-ssh-Uns
CS-]m-Sp-Im-cn ss\Po-cn-b tkzOm-[n-]Xn km\n A_m-bpw Ds-Spp FXv bmZr-n-I-a-.
KpP-dm-ns km-nI hf Dbn-mn av kwm-\-sf shp-hn-fnpw Cy-bpsS hnI-k-\-n\v KpPdmv tamU A\n-hm-cy-am-sWpw AXp-sIm-p-Xs Cy-bpsS `mhn {][m-\-a{n m\-tv Fp-sImpw
tbmKy Xm\m-sWpw {]N-cn-n-p-sImv AXn-\mbn InW-p-]-cn-{i-an-p \tc{ tamZn-sb hynv ]t
Cy-sb AXn-hn-im-e-amb cmPy-s C\nbpw a\-kn-em-m km[n-n-s-p-thWw Icp-Xm. KpP-dm-ns kmnI hfbvv Xm\mWv Imc-W-m-c-s\v hcp-n-om Bh-iy-amb Fm {]N-c-W-fpw tamZn sNbvXph-cp-p-v. KpP-dmv Akvan-X, Khn KpP-dmv, hnImkv ]pcp-jv, tOmt kZm- Hmtcm Ime--fn-embn
tamZn D]-tbm-Kn-p-sIm-n-cn-p hmp-I {in-pI KpP-dm-ns s]mXp-t_m-[s \mbn Dsm-psImv AXn-\m-hi
- y-amb {]N-cW
- X
- {- -fpw kq{X-hm-Iy-fpw sa\-bm tamZnpw Atl-ns Ko_kp-ampw
Ign-bp-pv FXv hmkvX-h-h-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-p-X-s-bmWv sImn-tLm-jn--s-Sp KpP-dmv hnI-k\w sXmsXm-SmsX hngp-m ]ecpw Xm-dm-Ip--Xv. tamZn-bpsS hob ^mknv apJs At-bw shdp-p--h t]mepw
KpP-dm-ns hnI-k-\-n\v Imc-W-m-c-\mbn tamZnsb Nqn-m-p-Ibpw A`n-\-n-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv bYmn IY-b-dn-bmsX Bw ImWp-Ibm-Wv.
]d-b-s-Sp hnI-k\]ptcm-KXn bYm-n KpP-dm-n \ne-\np-ptm? KpP-dm-ns km-nI hf
tamZn `c-Ww Bcw-`n--Xn-\p-tijw kw`-hn- -{]-Xn-`m-k-amtWm? tamZn-bpsS hnI-k\w sImv bYm-n t\-apm-n-sm-n-cn-p-Xv Bcm-Wv? kmaq-ly-ta hnI-k-\-n KpP-dm-ns nXn FmWv? hymh-kmbnI
hnI-k-\n\nS-bn {KmaoW KpP-dm-ns nXn FmWv? Zfn-X, BZn-hm-kn-I, apo- XpS-nb ]ntm
hn`m-K--fpsS Pohn-Xm--cow FmWv? XpSn \nc-h[n tNm-Zy- Bg-n ]cn-tim-[n--s-tS--Xp-v. Ccw
tNmZy- D-bn-p-hm XpS-p-tm-sgm-sbpw lnp-hn-cp--s\pw KpP-dmv hncp--s\pw I]S atX-X-chm-Zn-sbpw D ]gn tIp-hm Bcw-`n-p-I-bm-bn. Acw ]gn-I Bhn-m k--cmbn AWn-\n-cncn-p am[y-a-hr--sf Hcp-n-sb-Sp-m\pw tamZnpw Iqpw km[n-n-pv FXpw \mw a\-kn-em-t-Xm-Wv.
tIm-td-p-Isfbpw AXnk-scbpw am{Xw ey-an-p-sIm-pXpw \K-c-tI-{o-Ir-X--fp-amb tamZn hnI-k\w
KpP-dm-nse ]mh-s--h-scbpw Ij-I-scbpw sImp-sN-s-n-p--sX-hn-sS-bmWv Fv \mw At\z-jn-t-Xm-Wv. KpP-dm-n\v tIp-tIhn t]mep-an-m IjI B-lXy tamZn `c-W-n \mp-\m hn-p-sImn-cn-p-I-bm-sW hkvXp-X-I tImSn-I sNe-h-gn-p {]N-cW tImem-l-e-n-S-bn \mw {in-p-n-.
AXn-\p sNdn-sbmcp {iaw am{X-amWv tamZn tamU hnI-k-\-ns D-d-I-fn-te-p At\z-j-Ww F \nebn-ep Cu teJ-\w.
KpP-dm-ns hym]mc Ncn{Xw
1498 G{]n 22. Ing- B{^n- Xpd-ap-J-amb amen-nbpsS
Xoc-p-\npw GXm\pw Intem-ao--dp-I AIse \mep amkm- e - t m- f - a mbn Xoc- - S pm Ign- b msX \nn- c p
t]mp-Kokv \mhn-I-\mb hmkvtIm U Kma Av ktm-jhm-\m-bn-cp-p. Ad_v B{^n- {]mtZ-inI `c-Wm-[n-Im-cnI-fp-sSbpw hym]m-cn-I-fp-sSbpw shdp-p-\n-d CS-s]-S-ep-Ifm-bn-cpp Kmasb samkmw-_n-n \npw samw_m-k-bn-tep bm{X-bvn-S-bn Ic-bv-S-p---Xn \nv hne-n-bXv. Fm Kmabvv Cy-bn-te-p hgn Imn-sm-Sp-m
Hcp \mhn-I Av Xm-dm-bn. bqtdm-n \npw Cy-bnte-p Gjy ]mX Is-p-X
- n Kmabvv hgn Imnbm-bXv KpP-dm-n \np hym]m-cnbpw \mhn-I-\p-amb
Imn amew F hyn-bm-bn-cp-p. KpP-dm-nse Iv taJe- b n \npw B{^n- cmPy- - f n- t ev ]cp- nbpw
\oehpw sImp-hv ]Icw kzhpw B\-smpw XncnsI-sm-p-t]m-Ip hym]m-c-am-bn-cpp amew sNbvXp-t]m-

KpP-dmv
P\-kwJy: 60,383,628 (2011)
`q{]-tZiw: 1,96,124 N.-In.ao
P\-km-{X: 258/N.-In.ao
km-cX: 79.31%
icm-icn BbpssZLyw: 66.4
inip-a-cW \ncv : 52/1000 (2008)
kv{Xo/]pcpj \ncv: 921/1000
inip-n-S-bnse kv{Xo/]pcpj \ncv: 878/1000

-Xv. t]jy D-S hgn Cs ate-jy Ctm-t\-jy- Fo cmPy--fp-ambpw KpP-dmnI hym]m-c_w ]pen-bn-cp-p.
hmkvtIm U Kma Fp--Xn\pw cv iXm-_vZ-v apt Xs ISh-gn-bp hym]m-c-p Hcp tI{sa \ne-bn KpP-dmv Adn-b-s-n-cp-p. knv--kp-K hyRvP-\- Fn-h-bvp hym]m-c-]m-X-bmbpw
B{^n-, Ad_v, Gjy cmPy--fn \np hym]m-c-km-[-\- Cy D]-`q-J-WvU-n-tev Fp
kp{]-[m\ Xpd-ap-J-ambpw KpP-dmv Atm-tgpw amdn--gn-n-cp-p.
kzmX-{y]q Cy-bnse hym]m-c--hy-h-kmb `oa-m-cpsS Iq-n Ghpw anI-p-\n-Xpw KpP-dmn hym]m-cnI-fm-bn-cp-p. hmNv locm-N-v, Aw_m-em kmcm-`m-bv, IkvXp-`mbv em`mbv Fn-h DZm-l-c-Ww. KpP-dm-n-Ifmb lnp--sP-bn _\n-b-I Cy-bnse hym]m-c-ta-J-e-I-fn kzX-{-m\w Dd-n-n-cp-p. \qdp-I-W-n\v \mpcm-Py--fpsS BsI-p-I-bmbncp B[p-\nI KpP-dm-ns Cusbmcp hym]m-c-_-- a\-kn-em-n-sm-pthWw KpP-dm-ns km-nI hf-sb hne-bn-cp-m.
km-nI hf tamZn tamU-en\v apv
sam (kw-m-\) KmlnI DXv]m-Z\w
12
10.5
10

10

10.34
9.42

9.34

9.69

8.49

8.3
8

9.17

7.12

6.64

4.94

1900-00
2000-10
2006-11

4
2
0

KpP-dmv
Gujarat

alm-cmjv{S
Maharashtra

Xan-gv\mSv
TamilNadu

lcn-bm\
Haryana

B[p-\nI KpP-dmv kwm\w cq]w sImp-Xv 1960-em-Wv. XpSn-tm-p 50 -hj-m-e-b-f-hn tIm{Kkv, P\-X, P\-Xm-Z, `mc-Xob P\-Xm-]mn XpS-nb ]mn-I KpP-dmv kwm\w `cn-n-cp-p. CXc Cy
kwm-\--fn \nv hyXy-kvX-amb hymh-km-bnI hf ssIh-cn-m KpP-dmv kwm-\-n\v apt Xs
km[n-n-cp-p. hm]n, A-te-iz sXmv talvkm\ hsc-bp kph CS-\mgn (tKmU tImdn-tUm) KpP-dmns hymh-km-bnI hnI-k-\-ns A`n-am\ kvXw`-am-bn-mWv ]cn-K-Wn-s-Sp--Xv. kzmX{ye_v[n-sb-p-Sv
cq]w-sIm Chn-S--fnse hyh-km-b 90-IfpsS a[y-tm-sSp-tm-tgpw htXm-Xn hnImkw {]m]n-n-cpp.
KpP-dm-ns km-nI hfbvv ]nn 90-I-fn \S-n-em-n-sm-n-cp \h-en-_-d km-nI \bpw LS-\m-]-c-amb ]cn-jvIm-c-pw h-enb ]m-Wp-Xv Fv Am-es km-nI hfm \ncv
]cn-tim-[n-m ImWm Ign-bpw. Nna`mbv ]t apJy-a-{n-bm-bn-cp 1990 apX 1995 hsc-bp Ime-Lw KpPdmv k-Zvhy-h
b
- psS kph-Im-eL
- - a
- m-sWv ]d-bmw. kwm-\v Ghpw IqSp-X hymh-km-bnI \nt]w
\S-n-h Imehpw CXm-bn-cp-p. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw CtX-p-Sp Ap-hj-mew (1995-2000) KpP-dm-ns
k-Zv taJe 8.01 iX-am\w hf ssIh-cn-p. \tc-{-tamZn `c-W-Im-ev (2001-2010) CXv 8.68 iX-am-\-ambn Db-cp-Ibp-m-bn. AXm-bXv Hcp Zim-_vZw \o tamZn tamU hnI-k-\-n kwm-\-ns km-nI taJ-e-bn
Dmb hf bYm-n 0.67-i-X-am\w am{X-am-bn-cp-p. KpP-dmv kwm\w s]mXp-hn \nt] kulrZ
kwm-\-am-bn-cpp F Imcyw AwKo-I-cn-t--Xp-v. Cusbmcp \bw \tc{ tamZn XpSp-hp F-Im-cyhpw
\mw k-Xn-t--Xp-v. Fm hyh-kmb kulrZ kwm-\-ambn KpP-dm-ns\ \ne-\n-dp-p-hm kzIm-cy-kwcw-`-Iv tamZn `c-W-IqSw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp tkh-\- Fsm-s-bm-sW-p-IqSn \mw ]cn-tim-[n-t--Xp-v.
AXv \mw hgnsb a\-kn-em-p--Xm-bn-cn-pw.
tamZn tamU hnI-k-\ {]Nm-c-I-m-cpsS i_vZ-tIm-em-l-e-n ]e bmYmy-fpw ad-p-sh--s-Sp-p-v. KpPdm-ns km-nI hf-sb-p-dnv kwkm-cn-p-tm CtX coXn-bn km-nI hf t\Sn-sm-n-cn-p
B{-{]-tZ-iv, lcn-bm-\, alm-cm-jv{S, ]m-_v, Xan-gv\m-Sv, D{]-tZiv Fo kwm-\-sfpdnv au\w ]menp-I-bmWv Ah sNp--Xv. 90-I-fpsS ]mXn sXmv \tc-{- tamZn `cn-p-sIm-n-cn-p Cu Ime-b-fhp hsc kmnI hfm-\n-c-n Cy-bn Hmw m\- KpP-dmv F Imcyw \mw Hmn-cn-t--Xp-v. 1990-2000

hj--fn AXv cmw m\-m-bn-cp-p-sh-n 2000-2010 Ime-b-f-hn D-cm-J-WvUn-\pw (11%), lcn-bm-\(8.95%)

-tijw aqm-a-Xm-bmWv KpP-dm-ns m\w. ChnsS khn-ti-j-ambn kqNn-n-t hkvXp-X, CtX Ime-b-f-hn
Cy-bnse Ghpw ]ntm-m-h--bn \np cv kwm-\--fmb _olm, Hdo Fnh t]mepw kmnI hfm \nc-ns Imcy-n 4.70%, 4.42% F \ne-bn \nv bYm-{Iaw 8.02%, 8.13% F-Xn-tev Db-cp-Ibp-m-bn. knnw (11.01%), Acp-Wm-N{]-tZiv (8.96%) XpS-nb sImp kwm-\- t]mepw Db km-nI
hf tcJ-s-Sp-p-I-bp-m-bn.
2005-2009 Hdo, Oo-kvKUv Fo kwm-\--fnse hymh-km-bnI hfm \ncv 17.5%, 13.3% Fn--s\-bmbn-cp-p. AtX-k-abw KpP-dm-n-tXv 12.6%hpw. Btfm-lcn hmjnI hcp-am-\-ns Imcy-nepw Cu Acw
ImWmw. htXm-Xn km-nI aptw km[n kwm-\--fpsS Iq-n Btfm-lcn hmjnI hcp-am-\ns Imcy-n Bdmw m\w (63,996-cq]) am{X-ta-bpq KpP-dm-n\v. lcn-bm\ (cq. 92,327), alm-cmjv{S (83,471),
]m_v (67,473), Xan-gv\mSv (72,993), D-cm-JWvUv (68292) Fn--s\-bmWv nXn-hn-h-c--W-p-I (2011). hymhkm-bnI hfbvv Bh-iy-amb Dutm-Xv]m-Z\w t]mep ASn-m-\-ku-I-cy-mbn 35-i-X-am-\-n-e-[nIw
sNe-h-gn--s-Xpw 1995-2000 hj--fn-em-bn-cp-p.
t^mdn Ub-dIvSv Csh-vsa v kw_-npw KpP-dm-ns m\w ]nn-em-sW-mWv IW-p-I sXfn-bn-p-Xv. 2006-2010 5.35 ew tImSn cq]-bvp Icm-dp-I KpP-dmv Hp-sh-p-I-bp-m-bn. 6.47-ew sXmgn-epIfmWv CXp-hgn Ah ey-an-n-cp-Xv. AtX-k-abw alm-cm-jv{S, Xan-gv\mSv Fo kwm-\- 4.20-ew tImSn,
1.63 ew-tImSn Fn-h-bvp Icm-dp-I Hp-sh-p-Ibpw 8.63-ew 13.09-ew Fo \nc-n sXmgn-e-h-k-c ey-an-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p. \tc{tamZn sNp coXn-bn {]N-cW tImem-le- Hpw \S-msX
Xs CtX Ime-b-f-hn 3.61-ew tImSn-, 2.99 ew tImSn Fn-h-bvp Icm-dp-I Oo-kvK-Uv, Hdo Fo
kwm-\- t\Sn-sb-Sp-n-cp-p.
tIm-td-p-Imbn `cWw
tamZn km Gsd A`n-am-\-tmsS {]N-cn-n-n-cp \nt-]-ku-lrZ ]cn-]m-Sn-bm-bn-cpp ssh{_ v KpP-dmv.
temI-ns hnhn[ `mK--fn \nmbn 100-e-[nIw cmPy--fn \np hymh-km-bn-Ifpw cmjv{S--e-h-mcpw
]s-Sp Cu \nt] amamw KpP-dmv km-cn\v thn \S-n-sm-Sp-Xv B]vtIm thUv sshUv F
t]cn-ep ]nIv dnte-jkv I-\n-bm-Wv. 2011 \S ssh{_ v KpP-dmn hmKvZm\w sN-s-, tamZn kzbw
Ah-Im-is
- , hymh-km-bnI \nt]w 20-ew tImSn cq]-bm-bn-cpp. Fm bYm-n \nt-]a
- mbn kwm\-tv hXv 29,813 tImSn am{X-am-bn-cp-p. 8,300 Icm-dp-I-fmWv ssh{_ v KpP-dm-n shv Hp-sh--s--Xv,
tIhew 250 Fw am{Xta bmYmy-am-bn-p-q. Cu bmYmy--sfmpw Xs ]pd-p-sIm-p-h-cm {]Xn] ]mn-I t]mepw {ian-p-n FXv At-bw hnNn-{X-amb kwK-Xn-bm-Wv.
hntZi \nt-]- kwm-\-tv Hgp-m tamZnv Ign-n-s-nepw tIm-td-p-Iv tamZn {]nb--c-\msWXv hmkvXhw Xs-bm-Wv. AUm\n {Kqv, dne-bkv, Smm Fo Cy hyh-kmb `oa-m tamZnsb Bhnv
]pI-gvp--Xn\v ]nn ]e \nn-]vX-Xm]-cy- Ds--Xn\v \nc-h[n sXfn-hpIfp-v. tamZn-bpsS a\-mn
kqn-p-Im-c-s\p Xs ]d-bm-hp KuXw AUm-\n-bpsS AUm\n {Kqn\v KpP-dm-nse {]IrXn hn`-h-fpw

KpP-dmv BtKmf \nt-]I kt-f\w:

Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-, bmYmy-
\nnjvS ]-Xn-I

\S-n-em-n-bh

Icm
BtKmf
\nt-]I Hp shXv/
{]Jym-]n-Xv
ktfw

]-Xn-IfpsS
Fw

\nt]w
tImSn cq]-bn

2011

8,380

8,380

20,83,047.3

248

2009

8,660

8,888

12,39,562

2007

363

454

2005

226

227

2003

76

80

]Wn
\S-p-sIm-n-cn-p-h

\nt]w
tImSn cq]-bn

]-Xn-IfpsS
Fw

\nt]w
tImSn cq]-bn

29.813.58

659

2,49,054.78

1,342

1,04,590.45

872

2,81,620.41

4,65,309.8

160

1,07,897.34

152

1,84,245.06

1,06,160.41

115

37,939.94

22

37,746.00

66,068.5

Ah-ew_w: tkmtjym--C--tWm-anIv dnhyq, KpP-dm-v, 2011/12

]-Xn-IfpsS
Fw

42

27,931.8
10,710

apw tamZn hyh-kmb hnI-k-\-ns ad-hn Zm\w sNbvXp-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. sshZypXn hm-pI, `qan Zm\w sNpI Fn-hbvp ]pdsa tKmZm-hcnbnse GXmv 20000 tImSn hne-a-Xn-p F-ti-Jcw \In-bXpw ]pd-ph Imcy-am-Wv. KpP-dm-n AUm\n {Kqn\v thn Fm HutZym-KnI \qem-am-e-Ifpw Ffp--n Xov Ahv
Bh-iy-amb kuI-cy- Hcp-n-sm-Sp-pI F-Xm-bn-cn-pp knhn DtZym-K--m-cpsS I-hyw. sFFFkv F-Xv Cy AUm\n kokv Fmbn amdn-bn-cn-pp KpP-dm-n. {]tXyI km-nI taJ-e-I
cq]o-I-cn-p--Xnepw C-c-n \nc-h[n hgn-hn {]h-\- \S-p-h-cp-pv.
tKmZm-hcn t_kn-\nse F-ti-Jcw KpP-dmv s]t{Sm-fnbw tIm-td-js Iogn-em-bXv 2002-em-Wv. Khsans
Xs IW--\p-k-cnv 20 _ney (2000 tImSn) Ata-cn- tUmf aqey-ap F tiJcamWv Ahn-Sp--Xv.
hntZi I-\n-I-fmb Pntbm tm_, Pq_n-e v Ft{]m ss{]hv enan-Uv Fnh-bp-ambn tamZn km DXv]mZ\ ]m-fn Icm-dn Gs-Sp-I-bp-m-bn. Cu cp I-\n-Ipw XnIpw kuP-\y-ambn 10% ]m-fn ]eni
\Ip-I-bm-bn-cp-p. CXn-\p-]-I-c-ambn F DXv]m-Z-\-n-\m-h-iy-amb kmt-XnI klmbw Pntbm tm_ \IpsamWv ]d-b-s-Sp--Xv. Cu I-\n-Isf CXn-\mbn Xnc-s-Sp-Xv Fn-s\-sb-Xv C\nbpw Ah-ti-jn-p
tNmZy-am-Wv. Fs-nepw Xc-n-ep teew hnfn-Itfm Icm Dd-n-tem Dm-b-Xmbn Hcp HutZym-KnI tcJ-Ifpw
]d-bp-n. Cu cv I-\n-Ip-ambn tamZn shp \onb D]-lm-c-ns aqeyw 10,000 tImSn cq]-tbmfw hcp-samWv IW-m--s-n-cn-p--Xv. tamZn hInS hyh-kmb Ip-I-Iv {]nb--c-\m-Ip--sX-n-s\-sbv CXneqsS Duln-mw. tamZnsb {][m-\-a{n m\-tv Dbn-m-p-hm Ahp Xm--cyhpw asm--.
{]apJ km-nI hnZKv tUm. Cnc lnth ]d-bp-Xv {in-pI: (KpP-dmv hnI-k-\s kw_-nv)
\n Fs-nepw tNmZy- Dn-m XpS-n-bm, \n KpP-dmv hncp--s\pw hnI-k\ hncp--s\pw
ap{Z Ip-s-Sp-I-bm-bn. KpP-dm-nse hymh-km-bn-I-h-cWw \n-bn--s-Sp-Xv hn]Wn in-I-fn-eq-sS-b
adnv GXm\pw tIm-td-p-Iv Khsa v \Ip Cf-hp-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. CXns\ t{ImWn Iym--enkw
FmWv hnfn-t-Xv
C{Xbpw `oa-amb Agn-a-Xn-I \S-p-tm {]Xn-] In-I-fmb tIm{Kkpw apw _l-f-ap-m-m-Xn-cn-p-sXp-sImv? sNdn-sbmcp DZm-l-c-W-an-Xm. apsNm Pq_n-e v Ft{]m ss{]hv enan-Uv I-\n-bpsS DSabmb
iymw kp `mXy lnp-m ssSwkv {Kqns FUn-tm-dn-b Ub-d-IvS-dmb tim`\m `mXy-bpsS `m-hm-Wv.
tIm{Kkv ]mn-bpsS t\man-\n-bmbn cmPy-k`-- -bn Fw]nbmWv tim`\ `mXy. tkmWnb Kmn-bp-ambn hfsc
ASp _-amWv Ahp--Xv. tIm{K-kn\v anm--an-m--Xn\v ImcWw Xnc-tbXn--tm. `c-W--{]-Xn-]
]mn-Ifpw am[y-a-fpw hyh-km-bn-Ifpw tNp \S-p ]p I-h-S-amWv tamUn tamU-en \S-p--Xv.
hyh-kmb hnI-k-\tam `qan Xntm?
hyh-kmb hnI-k-\-ns t]cn h tIm--tdv `oaamv Xp-hn-ebvv {]IrXn hn`-h- sIm-b-Sn-m
Iqp-\np-I-bmWv tamon km-sc--Xn\v \nc-h[n sXfn-hp-I ]pd-p-h-p-sIm-n-cn-p-p. {]tXyI km-nI
taJ-e-bpsS t]cnepw apw htXm-Xn-ep `qan I-S- ]nc-]m-Sn-bmWv KpP-dm-n \S-p-sIm-n-cn-p--Xv.
Ign Hcp Zim-_vZ-m-e-ambn XpSp-sIm-n-cn-p tamZn `c-W-n Iogn tIm-td-p-Iv e`n km-\ - f p s S
GXm\pw sXfn- tamZn `c-W-n KpP-dmv I-\n-I-fpsS hf
hp-I CXm.
`mhv\K Pnbnse alp- h bn Xoc-{]-tZi--fnse
Npm- p- I v
J\-\-n-\mbn
\na I-\nv
3460 slIv S
e-amWv
tamZn A\p- h Znp \In- b Xv. ^e-`q-bn-jvSamb Irjn- ` qanbpw ]pssaXm-\--fp-amWv
Cu coXn- b n
\nbvv
]Xn-p-\In-bXv. Ij-I-cpsS
apssI- n
htXm-Xne
p

I\n

hn]Wn aqe-[\ kzcq-]Ww

tImSn cq]-bn (2012)

2002 apX-ep h-\hv

%

Bho sU\nwkv

152

2533

AUm\n Fss{]kkv

31,059

8615

Asew-_nIv

220

205

Ac-hnv

2,484

1254

sIan-kv

449

7138

KpP-dmv B-sseUv

1,109

2000

KpP-dmv Aw_pP FIvkvt]m

353

1318

KpP-dmv Atmtfm

212

1683

dne-bkv CU-kv{Sokv

4,61,624

1357

bpss\-Uv t^mkv^-dkv

5,497

87995

Fen-tm Fn &

Ah-ew_w: sI.-B. tNmIvkn skIyq-cn-okv

{]tm`w CXn-s\-Xnsc Dbp-h-n-cn--bm-Wv.

F & Sn I-\n-mbn kqd-v Pn-bnse lmkn-c-bn 8 ew NXp-c{i ao `qan km \In-bXv N.-ao--dn\v
Hcp cq] F \nc-n-em-Wv. CXn-\mbn av I-\n-Isf ]s-Sp-n-p-sIm-p teetam atm \S--Xp-an-.
knwKq-cn \npw P\-Iob {]tm-`s XpSv KpP-dm-n-tev ]dnp\S-s Sm-bpsS \mt\m \nmW ^mIvSdnv tamZn \Inb kuP-\y- Bscbpw A-c-n-p--Xm-Wv. _wKm Khsans ]nSn-p-tI-Smbpw tamUnbpsS kmay-ambpw {]N-cn-n--s-Sp \mt\m IYbvv ]nn s]mXp--J-P-\m-hn \nv \jvS-am-Ip tImSn-IfpsS IWv IqSn tNm-\p-v.
NXp-c{i ao-dn\v 10,000 cq] hn]Wn aqey-ap `qan Smbvv ]Xnp \In-bXv 900 cq]-bvm-Wv. Cu coXn-bn 1,106G- `qan-bmWv km\-n \mt\m ^mIvS-dn-mbn \In-b-Xv. 33,000 tImSn cq] Cubn-\-n Sm-bvv em`-ap-mbn. `qan-bpsS hne Xh-W-I-fmbn AS-m-\p kuI-cyhpw Khsa v A\p-h-Zn-p-sIm-Sp-p. IqSmsX 0.01% ]eni
\nc-n 9,570 tImSn cq]bpsS IShpw 20 hjs samsdm-tm-dn-b-tmsS ]mh-s Smbvv tamZn km-\n-p.
I-\n-bn-tev km hI tdmUv sdbn kuI-cy- thsd-bpw. Hcp \mt\m Im ^mIvS-dn-bn \nv ]pd-pI-S-p-tm-tgpw 60,000 cq]-bn-e-[nIw s]mXp-J-P-\m-hn \nv apS-n-bn-cnpw! You are stupid if you are not in
Gujarat Fv c Sm ]d-n-s-nte Ap-X-s-Sm-\p-q.
Xoc-tZi \nb-{W \nbaw Ii-\-ambn \S-n-em-t {]tZ-i--fn Fm {Kqn\mbn 2.08 ew N.-ao- `qan
KpP-dmv Khsa v \Ip-I-bp-m-bn. CXv tIkmbn tImS-Xn-bn-se-n-b-tm I-\nv tImSXn ]ng hn[n-p.
20 ew cq] ktm-j-tmsS ]ng \In-smv I\n X-fpsS \nmW {]h-\- AhnsS A\kyqXw XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv.
hyh-kmb {Kqp-I-fn tamZnbpsS CjvS-`m-P-\-amb AUm\n {Kqn\v thn KpP-dmv km \In-sm-n-cnp tkh-\-v Ipw IW-p-an-. 2002 apX 2011 hsc-bp IW--\p-k-cnv AUm\n {Kqns hn]Wn aqe[\ kzcq-]-W-nse h-\hv 8615iX-am-\-am-sWv IW-p-I sXfn-hp-\Ip-p. ASp 15 hj-tv XfpsS {]tXyI km-nI taJe hnI-kn-n-p--Xn-\mbn 15,000 tImSn cq]-bpsS Icm AUm\n {Kqv KpP-dmv
km-cp-ambn Hp-sh-p-I-bp-m-bn. Av hj-t-p \nIp-Xn-bn-fhv C\-n AUm\n t\Sn-sb-Sp-Xv 3,200
tImSn cq]-bpsS em`-am-Wv. `qI--n XI Iv taJ-e-bpsS ]p\-m-]-\-n\v sNe-h-gn XpI-bpsS \men-c-nbn-e-[nIw hcpw CXv. AUm-\n-bpsS {]tXyI km-av]-nI taJ-e-bnse \nt]w 1.31,702 tImSn cq]-bm-sWv km
tcJ-I ]d-bp-p. Fm 38,875 sXmgn-ep-I am{Xta CXn-eqsS krjvSn--s-n-p-q. AXm-bXv Hcp sXmgn-en\v
3.38 tImSn cq]. tamZn tamU-ens s]m--c- Cu coXn-bn F{X thW-sa-nepw DZm-l-cn-mw.
sXmgn\n-c-n-ep h\
hymh-km-bnI hf-tbm-sSmw kw`-hn-t HmWv sXmgn taJ-e-bn Dm-tI IpXn-v. Fm hntcm-[m`m-k-sapXs ]dbmw Ign 12 hj-m-e-n-\n-S-bn KpP-dm-n Cu taJ-e-bn Imcy-amb IpXn-p-Nm-sampw Dm-bn-n-. \mj-W kmn kt HmK-ss\-tk-js nXn-hn-hc
-
- W
-
- p-I kqNn-n-p-Xv sXmgn
taJem cwKv Ign cv Zim-_vZ-Im-ev htXm-Xn-ep CSn-hmWv kw`-hn-n-p-Xv FmWv. {KmaoW KpPdmv Cm- c y- n At- b - s
]ntm- m- h - - b n- e m- s Wpw kt Btfm-lcn hcp-am-\-nse h-\hv
Nqn-m-p-pv. ImjnI taJ-e-bn
Kl-Wo-b-amb m\-ap sNdp-InS
kwm\w
2000-01
2010-11
cq] hj-n
cq] hj-n
CScw Ij-I X-fpsS Irjn `qan
hnp {]h-WX IqSn-bn-pv kw--m38,975
1,08,876
\-v. CXns Ghpw A]-I-S-I-c-amb ]cn- Znn
38,989
1,02,,844
Wm- a - s a- Xv P\- hf- s c- s - s p tKmh
Xs sXmgncln-X-cmbn amdpp F- NWvUo-KVv
48,292
99,487
Xm-Wv. {]tXyI km-nI taJ-e-I-fn34,190
79,333
eqsS {KmaoW taJ-e-I-fn krjvSn-s-Sp- t]mn-tcn
p sXmgn-ep-I {Kmao-Wv D]-Im-c- alm-cmjv{S
21,892
62,729
s-Sp-n F Imcyhpw ChnsS {in-tlcn-bm\
24,124
59,221
-Xm-Wv.
AU-am &v

av kwm-\-sf At]-nv KpP-dm23,658

54,765
n sXmgnin s]mXp- h n \ntm-_m
DbXmsWnepw sXmgn-ens kz`mhw KpP-dmv
17,227
52,708
]cn- K - W n- p- t m hen- s bm- c - f - t hmfw
sXmgn-ep-Ifpw A\u-]m-cnI taJ-e-I-fn-ep- Ah-ew_w: m\nwKv Io-j Umm
-Xm-Wv. A\u-]N
- m-cnI taJ-eb
- n sXmgnep-I-fpsS Fw s]cp-Ip-tm kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw kw`-hn-p-Xv av kwm-\--fn \np sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS
{]hmlambn-cn-pw. CXv sXmgn taJ-e-bn An-c-Xbpw Nqj-Whpw hn-n-p--Xn\v CS-bm-pw.
icm-icn thX-\-ns Imcy-n KpP-dmv At-bw ]ntm--am-Wv. Cm-cy-n KpP-dm-ns m\w 14m-

a-Xm-Wv. thX-\- \nc-nse hhn-Shv sImp-sN-s-n-p-Xv htXm-Xn-ep Nqj-W-n-tepw Icm sXmgn-emfn-Isf IqSp-X IqSp-X-embn D]-tbm-Kn-p--Xn-te-p-am-bn-cn-pw. \K-c--fnse A\u-]-Nm-cnI sXmgn taJ-e-bnse
icm-icn thX\w 106 cq]-bm-sWv \mj-W kmn kt 2011 Nqn-m-p-p. CtX kabw tIc-f-n-enXv 218
cq]-bm-Wv. {KmaoW taJ-e-bn 152 cq]-bp-ambn ]m_v apn \np-tm 83 cq]-bp-ambn KpP-dmv 12mw
m\-m-Wv. km-n-I--hym-h-kmbnI hfsbn hmtXm-cmsX kzbw {]iw-kn-p-sIm-n-cn-p tamUn-bpsS
KpP-dm-n 98% kv{Xo sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw 89% ]pcpj sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw sXmgn sNp-Xv A\u-]-Nm-cnI taJ-e-bnem-sWpw kt ^ew sXfn-bn-p-p. (\mj-W kmn kt HmK-ss\-tk-j 2011).
kmaqlyhfm \ncv
km-nI taJ-e-bn-epw hymh-km-bnI taJ-e-bnepw h hfm-\n-cv ImgvN-sh-m KpP-dm-n\v Ign-n-p-sXv hmkvX-h-am-sW-nepw tamZn `c-W-n sImn-tLm-jn--s-Sp--{Xbpw hen-sbmcp hnI-k\w \S-n-n-sp
Xs-bmWv IW-p-I ]d-bp--Xv. AtX-k-abw kmaq-ly-ta cwK--fnepw Zmcn-Zy-\nm\ ]cn-]m-Sn-bnepw
Hs KpP-dmv av kwm-\--tf-m hfsc ]nn-em-sW kXyw tamZnbpsS hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-I Bsc Dtin-p--XmWv Fv hy-am-n--cp-p-v. Zmcn{Zy tcJbvv Xmsg-bp P\--fpsS IW-p-I ]cn-tim-[n-m
Cmcyw a\-kn-em-m km[n-pw. tIc-fw (19.7%), ]m-_v(20.9%), lnam-N {]tZ-iv (22.9%), lcn-bm\(24.1%) Fo
kwm-\--sf-mfpw F{Xtbm Xmsg-bmWv KpP-dm-ns (31%) \ne-hnse m\w. kmaq-ly-ta cwK-sf Hsmmbn ]cn-tim-[n-p-Xv tamZn hnI-k-\-ns s]m--c- a\-kn-em-p--Xn\v klm-b-I-am-bn-cn-pw.
BtcmKyw
sXmgn taJ-e-bnse Ipd thX-\-\n-cv P\--fpsS hmti-jnsb Kpcp-X-c-ambn _m[n-p-p-v. CXv {]I-Sambpw _m[n-p-Xv kv{XoI-fp-sSbpw Ipn-I-fp-sSbpw Btcm-Ky-s-bm-Wv. nXn-hn-h-c--W-p-I ]d-bp-Xv
Fsv t\mp-I. 40-50 iX-am-\-n-\n-S-bn Ipn-I `mc-p-d-hp--h-cm-sWv an\nkv{Sn Hm^v mn-nIvkv B v
t{]m{Kmw Cwn-sa-t-j dntmv Nqn-m-p-p. (Nn{U C Cy, 2012-F mn-n- Ass{]-k). taLme-b, Oo-kvK-Uv, D{]-tZiv, Hdo-k Fo kwm\fmWv Cu ]n-I-bn s]Sp av kwm-\-. 2011
se lyqa sUh-e-vsa v dntmv ]d-bp--Xv, KpP-dm-nse ]Ip-Xn-tbmfw Ipn-I t]mj-Im-lm-c-p-dhv A\p-`hn-p--h-cm-sW-m-Wv.
inip-a-c-W-\n-cns Imcy-n KpPhnZym-`ym-kw, BtcmKyw Fo taJ-e-I-fn sNe-h-gn-p
dmv 11mw m\-mWv FXpw tamZn]W-ns h-\hv iX-am-\-n (2004-2010)
bpsS hnP-b-ns almyw shfn-ss]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymkw
s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKyw
Sp-p-p-v. Cy-bnse inip--2012 kwm\w
dntmv ]d-bp-Xv {in-pI: inip- B{m-{]-tZiv
12.1
14.3
a-cW \ncv KpP-dm-n Ctmgpw Bkmw
9.1
25.7
hfsc Db-Xm-Wv. 1000 Ipn-I-fn 44 _olm
16.7
22.4
t] acn-p-p-sh-mWv nXn-hn-hc
-
- - Oo-kvKUv
20.6
17.2
W-p-I ]d-bp--Xv. {KmaoW taJ-e- KpP-dmv
10.6
10.9
bnse BtcmKykwc- W kuI- c y- lcn-bm\
21.2
28.4
hfscpd-hmWv F-Xp-sIm-p- Im-SI
14.6
12.1
Xs ]n-I-Pm-Xn--]-n-I-h hn`m-K-- tIcfw
12.2
19.8
nS-bn inip-a-cW \ncv htXm- a[y-{]-tZiv
13.2
11.5
Xn kw`-hn-pp F-Xn bmsXm- Cy
14.9
14.4
c-p-X-hp-an-.
bp\n-sk-^ns 2012
dntmn KpP-dm-ns\ Ipdnv kqNn- Source: Rao, M. Govinda (2012). States Fiscal Development and Implications for Regional
n-p-X
- n-s\: Av hb-kn Xmsg- Development. National Institute of Public Finance and Policy. August.
bp Ipn-I-fn 50-i-X-am-\hpw t]mj-Im-lm-c-p-dhv A\p-`-hn-p--h-cm-Wv. \men aqv Ipn-Ifpw hnf _m[n-h-cm-Wv. KpP-dm-nse A-am-cn aqn-sem-cm At-b-s t]mj-Im-lm-c-p-dhv A\p-`-hn-p--h-cm-sWpw
dntmv ]d-bp-p. Ghpw `b-s-Sp-p hkvXp-X, Av hb-kn Xmsg-bp Ipn-In-S-bnse inip ac-W-\ncv AtX-]Sn XpSp-sIm-n-cn-p Fp--Xm-Wv.
]nWn, t]mjm-Im-lm-c-p-dhv Fn-h-bpsS Imcy-n KpP-dm-ns m\w hfsc ]nn-em-Wv. s]mXphn ]nWn
Ipdp sImp-h-cp-hm kwm-\-n\v Ignp Fnepw av kwm-\--fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNp-tm nXn
Hpw Bim-h-l-a FmWv ]T-\- kqNn-n-p--Xv. 2004-2010 Ime-b-f-hn Zmcn{Z \nm-\ns Imcyn hf-sc-b-[nIw apt-dm Hdok kwm-\-n\v Ign-p-shv (20.2%) \mj-W kmn kt dntmv
shfn-s-Sp-p-p. AtX-k-abw KpP-dm-n CXv 8.6% am{X-am-Wv. Bkq-{XW Io-j dntmp-I A\p-k-cnv
Zmcn{Zy \nm-\-ns Imcy-n 20 kwm-\--fpsS ]n-I-bn 11maXm-Wv. BZn-hmkn hn`m-K-n-Sbn Ign Hcp Zim-_vZ-n-\n-S-bn ]nWn \ncv hnpI-bm-Wp-m-bXv Fpw nXn-hn-h-c--W-p-I
]d-bp-p.
hnZym-`ymkw
hymh-km-bnI taJ-e-bnse IpXn-p-Nm--s-p-dnv hmNm-e-cm-Ip tamZn ` ]t kmaq-ly-ta taJ-e-bnse
\nt]w kw_-nv au\w ]men-p-Xv \apv ImWmw. AXn Ghpw henb DZm-l-cWw hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-

bnse ]ntm-m-h--bm-Wv. hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bn hfsc Ipd \nt]w am{Xta tamZn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-nep lnpXz km \S-p-p-q. Db hnZym-`ymk \ne-hmcw X-fpsS AP--I \S-n-em-p--Xn\v
hnLm-X-am-Ip-sav ^mknv in-Iv \m-b-dn-bmw. `mc-Xob P\Xm ]mn-bqsS sXc-s-Spv am\n-s^tm
Ipn-I-fpsS hnZym-`ym-ks kw_-nv Fsms Ah-Im-i-hm-Z- D-bn-mepw nXn-hn-h-c--W-p-I asmmWv \tmSp ]d-bp--Xv. bpss\-Uv \mjkv sUh-e-vsa v t{]m{Kmw nXn-hn-h-c--W-p-I- \tmSv ]d-bpXv, ]mT-im-e-I-fnse hnZymn-I-fpsS XpS \ne-\np--Xn kwm-\w 18m-as m\-mWv Fm-Wv.
Ipn-I ]mT-im-e-I-fn XpS-cp hj-ns IWv (School Life Expectancy of Children) tIc-f-n 11.33
BsW-n KpP-dm-n AXv 8.79 BWv. km-cXm \nc-n KpP-dm-ns m\w 15-B-Wv.
kwm-\s hnZym-`ymk \ne-hmcw DbtXp-sv bp\n-sk^v A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p-v. hnZymn-I-fn ]IpXn-bn-te-sd-tcpw X-fpsS {]mb-n-\-\p-k-cnv Fgp-Xmt\m hmbn-mt\m Adn-bm--h-cm-sW--XmWv kXyw. hnZym`ymk taJ-e-bnse km D-c-hm-Zn-Xz- Ism-gn-bp--Xn-s\-p-dn-mWv tamUn Nnn-p--Xv. {]mY-anI Xe-fn ASn-m\ kuI-cy- t]mepw Hcp-n-sm-Sp-m kwL-]-cn-hm km bq\n-thkn-n-Ifpw av DX
hnZym-`ymk m]-\-fpw kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bn Bcw-`n-p--Xns\pdn-mWv Kuc-h-]qw Btem-Nn-p--Xv.
ip-P-ew, ipNnXzw
2011se skkkv A\p-k-cnv, {KmaoW taJ-e-bnse 43% hoSp-I-fnepw IpSn-shw e`n-p-Xv Ah-cpsS Xs Xmak--e--fn \nmWv. 16.7% s]mXp-Sm-p-I-fn \nv ip-Pew kzoI-cn-p-p. \K-c--fn CXn\p Xp-ey-amb
IWv 84%, 69% Fm-Wv.
{KmaoW taJ-e-bn 67% hoSp-Ipw iuNm-e-b--fn FXv asmcp hkvXp-X. Cu taJ-e-bnse P\--fn
65%hpw Xpd e--fn-emWv ae-hn-k\w \S-p--Xv. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw Pe aen-\o-I-c-W-n\v CXv Imc-W-amIpp. amen\y \nm\w t]mep Imcy--fn A[n-Ir-Xv bmsXmcp Xm-cy-hp-an-. \K-c-am-en-\y-
{KmaoW taJ-e-I-fnse Xpd e--fn sImv XpI FXv Fm-bn-S--fn-sebpw t]mse KpP-dm-n-sebpw
km[mcW \S-]-Sn-bm-Wv.
Zfn-Xv--B-Zn-hmkn]ntm hn`m-K- tamZn `c-W-n\p Iogn
\tc{ tamZnsb Fpw kt-l-tmsS am{Xw In-p kmaqly hn`m-K--fmWv Zfn-Xv--B-Zn-hmkn]ntm
hn`m-K-. kzbw hnImkv ]pcp-j-\mbn Ah-X-cn-n-p-tmgpw Cu hn`m-K--fpsS ta-s-kw-_-nv Hcn-epw
kwkm-cn-m hyn-bmWv tamZn. a[yh-ns h-m-hm-bn-mWv tamZn kzbw Dbn-m-p--Xv. Ahn-Sbnse km-nI hf-sb-p-dnv am{X-am-bn-cpp Atlw Fpw hmNm-e-\m-bn-p--Xv. kmaq-ly-ta taJ-ebn ]ntm hn`m-K-v thn tamZn sNe-h-gn XpI-I-fpsS IWpw Ign Hcp Zim-_vZ-n-\n-S-bn
Ahn-S-bn Fp am--fmWv Dm-bn-cn-p-Xv Fpw ]cn-tim-[n-m Cu hn`m-K--tfm-Sp tamZn-bpsS at\m`mhw hy-am-Ipw.
P\-kw-Jy-bn 27.8% hcp ZfnXv (11.3) BZn-hmkn (16.5) hn`m-K--sf-qSn Dsm-n-p-sIm- tamZn hnI-k\
{]h-\- \S-p--Xv. tZiob sXmgn-ep-dv ]-Xn-I-fn t]mepw BZn-hmkn ZfnXv hn`m-K--fpsS ]mfnw tZio-bi
- c
- m-ic
- n-sb-m (22.67%) aqn-cn Ipd-hmWv KpP-dm-n(7.83%). hnI-k\
-
- s t]cn asm kwm\--fn-ep-sa t]mse Cc-I-fm--s-Sp hn`m-Khpw Ch Xs. ZfnXv B-Zn-hmkn hn`m-K--fpsS Btcm-Kym-h-I ]cn-K-Wn-p-tmgpw kwm-\-ns \ne-hmcw Hpw Db-X-. A\m-tcm-Ky-ap BZn-hmkn (5-h-b-kn\v Xmsgbp `mc-p-dhv A\p-`-hn-p-) Ipn-I-fpsS iX-am-\--Wnepw Cu Acw ImWmw. tZiob icm-icn 54.5%
BsW-n KpP-dm-n CXv 64.5%amWv.
kz-ambn `qan ssIh-i-ap--h-cpsS F-nepw h hnShv Is-m km[n-pw. BZn-hmkn hn`m-K--fn 92.1%
hpw ZfnXv hn`m-K--fn 89.4% hpw av ]ntm hn`m-K--fn 81.6% hpw `qc-ln-Xtcm As-n Htc--dn Xmsg
am{Xw `qan-bp--htcm BWv KpP-dm-n. BZn-hmkn hn`m-K--fpsS icm-icn amk hcp-am-\-ns Imcy-n ]m_v (1,501cq]), Bkmw(1,032), tIc-fw(1,208), D-cm-J-WvUv(1016), lnam-N {]tZiv (1307) Fo kwm-\--sf-m
]nn-emWv KpP-dm-v (879).
]cn-nXn \nb-a- An-a-dn--s-Spp
ssSw amK-kn \tc{ tamZn-sb-p-dnv FgpXn: HSp-hn ssN\-bp-ambn InS-]n-Sn-m Hcn-y aptm-p hn-cn-pp. KpP-dm-ns hnI-k\ hfsb ssN\-bp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s-Sp-n-sm-mWv ssSw amK-kn Cs\ Fgp-Xnb-Xv. nXn-hn-h-c--W-p-I \tmSp ]d-bp-Xv av Nne-Xm-sW-nepw Nne hnj-b--fn-se-nepw KpP-dm-n\v
ssN\-bp-ambn Xmc-Xayw km[y-am-Wv. ]mcn-n-XnI XI-bpsS Imcy-n CXv \qdp-i-X-am-\hpw icn-bm-sWv ]dbm Ign-bpw.
]mcn-n-XnI hn\m-i-ns Imcy-n ssN\ Csn\np AtX Ah--bn Xs-bmWv KpP-dmpw
sNs-n-\np--Xv. Dev]m-Z\ hf-bnepw `uXn-I-hn-I-k-\-nepw hymh-km-bnI apt--nepw am{Xw {i
tI{o-I-cnp \np KpP-dm-n ]cn-nXn kwc--W-sa-Xv ]mT-]p-kvX-I--fnse Nne ]cm-ai- am{Xam-Wv.
hymh-km-bnIh-cWw Ghpw IqSp-X tI{o-I-cn-n-p hm]n--A--te-iz kph CS-\mgn Cv Ghpw aen-

\o-I-cn--s {]tZ-i-ambn amdn--gn-n-cn-pp. Cy-bnse

Ghpw aen-\o-I-cn--s \K-c--fn BZys csw KpPdm-nse A-te-izdpw hm]n-bp-amWv Fv tI{ aen-\o-I-cW
\nb-{W t_mUv kmy-s-Sp-p-p. hepXpw sNdp-Xp-amb
5000-n-e-[nIw hymh-kmb m]-\- A-te-iz-dn am{Xw
{]hn-p-p-v. KpP-dm-ns\ \nt] kulrZ kwm-\ambn IW-m-p tIm-tdv I-\n-Isf kw_-n-v Ghpw
Bizmkw \Ip Imcyw ]cn-nXn \nb-a
- v KpP-dm-n
bmsXmcp hne-bp-an F-Xm-Wv.

KpP-dmv Xnf-pp
inip-a-cW \nc-v : 11mw m\w
ssiih hnhmlw: 4mw m\w
hnZym-`ymkw XpS-cp kvIq hnZymn-I-fpsS
F-n : 18mw m\w
lyqa sNh-e-vsa v CUIvkv : 11mw m\w
kv{Xo-]p-cpj \ncv : 24mw m\w

Pe-a-en-\o-I-c-W-ns tXmXpw Fm koa-Ifpw ewLn-n-cn-pI-bmWv KpP-dm-n Fv nXn-hn-h-c--W-p-I shfn-s-Spp-p. 14 Pn-I-fn-embn 74 Xmeq-p-I-fn `qK` Pe-a-en-\o-I-cW-ns Afhv `bm-\-I-amb coXn-bn Dbn-cn-pp. `qK`
Pe-nse ImUvanbw, tIm, seUv, sapdn XpS-nb L\tem-l--fpsS Afhv DbXv ip-Pe e`y-Xsb Kpcp-X-c-ambn
_m[n-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv.

km-cXm \ncv : 12mw m\w

kmaq-ly-ta taJ-e-bn sNe-h-gn--s-Sp
XpI-bpsS Imcy-n : 19mw m\w

kmaqly hnI-k\ kqNnI :

{KmaoW taJ-e-bn : 10mw m\w
\Kcw: 6mw m\w
hkvXp-X-I C-s\-sbms Bbn-cns Cy-bnse hnI-k\
\mb- I - \ mbpw km- nI ]ptcm- K - X n- b psS hm- h mbpw `qK` Pe-a-en-\o-I-c-W-n Hmw m\w
Hsbp {]Xn-Omb t\Sn-sb-Sp-m \tc{ tamZnv km[n-sX-ns\? Ahn-sS-bmWv A[n-Imcpw {in-n-cn-m-\n-S-bn-m Zmcn{Zy \nm\w. 8.6% (2010)
tamZn-bpsS {]N-cW kwhn-[m-\--fpsS ^e-{]m]vXn {]I-S-am-Ip-Xv.
B]vtIm thUvsshUv-: tamUn-bpsS Ko_kv
kzw {]Xn-Omb Fpw DS-bmsX \ne-\nt--Xnstbm As-n ]p\\nn-t--Xn-stbm Bh-iy-IX
\m-b-dn-hm-bp-Xv tkzOm-[n-]-Xn-Im-Wv. A-c-n {]Xn-Ombm \nn-Xn-mbn ]Whpw ka-bhpw sNe-h-gnm Ah {im-ep--fp-am-Wv. Ncn-{X-n CXn\v \nc-h[n DZm-l-c-W--fp-v. Xs {]N-cW {]h-\-
\nb-{n-m AtUm^v lnvedn\v Hcp a{n Xsbpm-bn-cp-p. Ko_kn-b X{-- F {]tbmKw t]mepw
Ncn-{X-n m\w ]nSn-X-n-s\-bm-Wv.
KpP-dm-n Cp-Im-Wp km-n-I--hym-h-km-bnI hfbvv ]nn Xm am{X-am-sW coXn-bn {]N-cWw
\S-m\pw B[p-\nI Cy-bnse hnImkv ]pcp-j-\mbn kzbw Ah-tcm-[n-X-\mIm\pw \tc{ tamZn Hcp kzImcy
I-\nsb Xs \ntbm-Kn-p-I-bp-m-bn. Cm-cy-n kztZin [w ]men-m Cu Ffnb kwL {]Nm-c-In\v
Hpw Xm-cy-ap-m-bn FXv asmcp Imcyw.
\tc{ tamZn s]mXp NS-n Fns\ {]Xy--s-SWw, Fp hkv{Xw [cn--Ww, Fp kwkm-cn--Ww, am[y-a-sf A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNt--sX-ns\ F\n-\-h-sbms Xocp-am-\n-p-Xv tamZn-bpsS {]N-cW {]h-\-
\nb-{n-p Cu kzImcy I-\n-bm-Wv. B]vtIm thUv sshUv F hmjn-MvS Bm-\-ambn {]hnp Cu I\n 2007se sXc-s-Sp-p-sXmv tamZn-bpsS IqsS-bp-v. {]Xn-amkw 25,000 Ata-cn- tUmf-dmWv
CXn-\mbn s]mXp-J-P-\m-hn \nv tamUn km sNe-h-gn-p--Xv.
tamZn-bpsS hyn-KX {]Xn-Ombm \nnXn sXmv BtKm-f-X-e-n KpP-dm-ns\ \sm-cp \nt] kulrZ
kwm-\-ambn Ah-X-cn-n-p-Xp hsc-bp {]N-cW {]h-\- B]vtIm thUv sshUv \nb-{n-p-p.
2002 KpP-dm-n \S hwi-lXy Cy P\-X-bpsS a\-kn DW-m apdn-hmbn Ah-ti-jn-p-Xv Xncn-dn tamZn Xs hrn-sI {]Xn-Omb amn-sb-Sp-m Iqp-]n-Sn--Xm-sc-bm-sWp IqSn \mw a\-kn-em-t--Xpv. atX-Xc tae-n-b-Wn-bm CS-bvsms ]cn-{i-anpsIm-n-cn-p KpP-dmv apJy-a-{n-bpsS Dn-en-cnv FmsWp IqSn CXp-hgn a\-kn-em-m km[n-pw.
hmjnMvS Bm-\-ambn {]hn-p Bt\mUv t]m-F \nb-a-m-]-\-ns k_vkn-Un-b-dn- F
\ne-bn-emWv B]vtIm thUv sshUv {]hn-p--Xv. 1984 amPdn {Iukv BWv B]vtIm thUv sshUv
m]n--Xv. 32 cmPy--fn- CXns imJ-I {]hn-p-p-v. temI-ns hnhn[ `mK--fn-ep tkzOm-[n-]Xn-Imbn ]nIv dnte-jkv tPmen-I I\n `wKn-bmbn \n-ln-p-t]m-cp-p-v. ss\Po-cn-b tkzOm-[n-]-Xnbmb km\n A_m-, IkmJnm-\nse Fm-e-sbpw {]kn-Umb \q kpm A_njpen \mk_tbhv XpS-n-b-h CXn Nne am{Xw. kb-Wnv `cWIqS-hp-am-bp ]cky _m-h-n\v Ip{]-knn t\Sn-bXmWv Cu I\n. kb-Wnv A\p-Iqe {]N-cW {]h-\--fn cv Zim-_vZ-ne-[n-I-ambn apgp-In-bn-cn-p
sldn-tPv ^ut-j, t{^mn-b Hm^v {^oUw, Pqbnjv t]mfnkn sk Fnh B]vtIm thUv sshUns
Iogn {]hn-p kwL-S-\-I-fm-Wv.
Ata-cn--bpsSbpw {_n-sbpw CdmJv A[n-\n-thi kml-k-n\v Bh-iy-amb Fm {]N-c-W-{]-h-\-fpw
BtKm-f-hym-]-I-ambn \S-n-sm-n-cn-Xv B]vtImbm-Wv. Ata-cn--bnse a[y--]q taJesb ssk\nI CS-s]S-en-\p \b-]-c-amb Imcy- Xm-dm-p--Xnepw Cu I-\nv \nm-bI ]p-v. Ata-cn- CS-s]-S-ens\

XpSv XI Cdm-Jnse {]Ir-Xn-hn-`-h- sIm-b-Sn-p--Xn _lp-cmjv{S I-\n-Isf klm-bn-p--Xnepw

B]vtIm kp{]-[m\ ]p-h-ln-n-p-v. Ata-cn--bpsS hm Hm sSd {]N-cW {]h-\-v Npm ]nSn-psImv BtKm-f-X-e-n Cm-tam-t^m-_nb ]Sp--Xnepw I-\nv sNdp-X-m tdmfp-v.
C-c-n kb-Wnv _-fpw Cmw hncp \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw Ata-cn- Xm-cy-fpw thp-thmfap
Hcp I-\n-sb-bmWv tamZn F tkzOm-[n-]-Xn-bpsS {]Xn-Ombm \nn-Xn-mbn Xnc-s-Sp-Xv FXv Hpw
ApXw P\n-n-p-n-. B[p-\nI {]N-cW X{- D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n-smv Ak-Xy-sfbpw AkXysfbpw apgp-k-Xy--fmn amm tamZnv Ign--Xnepw Hpw B-cy-an-.

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2. Urban Segragation and the special political zone in Ahmedabad: An emerging paradigm for religio-political violence;
Arvind Rajagopal, South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic journal, May 2011.
3. Economic Liberalisation, Electoral Coalitions and Private Investment in India, Kanta Murali, Politics of FDI Conference,
Sept, 23-24, 2011.
4. The Remaking of Narendra Modi; Shiv Viswanathan
5. Deciphering the Gujarat Growth Paradigm, Dhirtiman Gupta, India Spend, 19 June 2012.
6. Vibrant Gujarat? Your Coast is not Clear, Mr. Adani; Anumeha Yadav, Tehelka Magazine, Vol 8, 26 Feb., 2011.
7. Social Development or Industrial Growth? Comparing the Success and Failure of Development policies in Kerala and
Gujarat; Allan Kapoor, Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, Dept. of Global & International Studies, March 2012.
8. The Times of India; Oct 3 , 2010
9. State, Market & Economy: Big Industry before Independence-1860-1950, Anupriya Singhal & Aoneha Tagore
Socio-Economic Review, Gujarat State, 2011-12.
10. United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF), 2012 State-wise report.
11. Children in India, 2012A Statistical Appraisal, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
12. Human Development Report 2011.