PHY301 Circuit Theory

Virtual University PHY 301 LECTURE 11 Example: Find the out put voltage V0.

Solution:

we can redraw this circuit as

Example:

Here V1 = 6 and the constraint equation is V1 V3 = 3V 6 - V3 = 3V V3 = 6 - 3 volts V3 = 3 volts Also, V3=V0 = 3 volts So V0 = 3 Volts Calculate V0 and I0.

Solution: Node 2 and 3 constitute a super node Constraint equation will be V2 V3 = 6 ----------------------(A) KCL equation at super node is ((V2-12)/6k) + (V2/3k) + (V3 /6k) + ((V3 -12)/12k)=0 (V2/6k) + (V2/3k) + (V3 /6k) + (V3 /12k) (12/12k) (12/6k) = 0 (V2/2k) + (V3 /4k) (12/4k) =0 2V2 +V3 12 = 0 2V2 + V3 = 12 (B) Now from constraint equation (A), value of V3 is V3 =V2 -6 put this in equation (B) Also, the super node equation becomes

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PHY301 Circuit Theory

2V2 +V2 -6 =12 3V2 = 18 V2= 6 Volts Putting this value in super node equation V3 =0 Therefore, Vo =0 Volt I0 = V2/3k =6/3k =2mA Calculate the value of V0.

Example:

Solution:

The circuit can be redrawn as

Example:

Node 2 and 3 constitute a super node, having constraint quation V3 V2 = 6volts KCL equation at super node ((V2 6)/6k) + (V2/12k)+ ((V3-6)/4k)+ (V3/12k) + (V3/6k) = 0 (V2/6k) + (V2/12k) + (V3/6k) + (V3/12k)+ (V3/4k) (6/4k) (6/6k) =0 (V2/4k) + (V3/2k) (30/12k) =0 3V2 +6V3 30 =0 V2 + 2V3 =10 -----(A) From the constraint equation of super node V2 =V3 -6 KCL equation (A) of super node will become 3V3 6 =10 V 3 = 16/3 volts V2 = (16/3) 6 = 2/3 V Now by voltage division rule V0 = (4k x V3)/(2k + 4k) = 64/18 = 3.55 Volts In the given circuit, find V . o

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PHY301 Circuit Theory

Solution: Applying KCL at node 1 (V1/10k) = 3mA 2 Ix Now Ix = (V1/10k) putting this value in the equation of node 1 V1/10k = Ix=3mA -2Ix Ix = 1mA Now KCL at node 2 (V2/10k) = 2I x (V2/10k) = 2 (1mA) V2 = 20 Volts = V o Example: Find I in the given circuit. o

Solution: KCL equation for node 1 ((V1 6)/4k) + (V1/10k) + ((V1 12)/2k) = 0 5V1 30 + 2V1 +10V1 120 = 0 17 V1 = 150 V1 = 8.82 Volts I0 = (V1- 12 )/2k = (8.82 12)/2k I0 = - 1.58 mA So the current value is in negative sign,so we conclude that as it is given in the circuit the direction of Io is opposite.

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