PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Faculty of Biology Hanoi University of Sciences VNU

2013

Dr. L Qunh Mai E-mail: lequynhmai80@gmail.com

What is Plant?
is non-mobile is autotrophic has eukaryotic cells has cell walls comprised of cellulose is multicellular exhibits alternation of generations - has a distinctive diploid (sporophyte) and haploid (gametophyte) phase.

What is Plant Physiology?

Plant physiology is a study of the plant way of life, which includes various aspects of the plant lifestyle and survival including: metabolism, water relations, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis, respiration, growth, development, regulation, movement, irritability (response to the environment)

Helpful Study Materials

Arabidopsis thaliana --The drosophila of Plant Kingdom

Why?
It has many advantages such as .

Plant Growth and Development

Main Contents 1. The regulation of development 2. Major stages during the life cycle 3. Defense against biotic enemies 4. Responding to environmental factors
p.453-492 p.369-424
William G. Hopkins

Main References

Three Terms
Growth

= = =

Changes (increase) in size and mass Changes in characteristics and functions

+
Differentiation

Development

All of the changes in life cycle

Plant Cell Development

Cell division

Growth
Cell enlargement

Cell differentiation

Differentiation

Cell division

CYTOKININ can induce cell division

ABA

What? Create new cells

For what? Increase number of cells

Where? Take place in Meristem

When? Always

Cell enlargement
What? Cells grow up

Increase the size, volume with the For what? changes in shape and content of cell Where? When? In enlongation zone Always

Cell wall extensibility

XET: Xyloglucan EndoTransglycosylase

Cell differentiation

- Changes in structure - Changes for different functions

To become A or B? Why?
Totipotent
differentiation

E.g.

Plant growth regulators

Messages

Cell A Hormones

Cell B

Adjustment activities
A hormone is a chemical released by a cell or a gland in one part of the body that sends out messages that affect cells in other parts of the organism. In essence, it is a chemical messenger that transports a signal from one cell to another. All multicellular organisms produce hormones; plant hormones are called phytohormones.

How do phytohormones differ from animal ones?

Comparison
Animal hormones Plant hormones
Peptides/proteins/small organic Small organic molecules molecules Synthesised in specialised glands Affect distant targets (often transported in the circulatory system) Specialised effects Regulated by the central nervous system Synthesised throughout the plant Affect local cells and tissues, or can be transported through the vascular system Wide-ranging effects `Decentralised' regulation

Main groups of phytohormones

Hormone Auxins Cytokinins Gibberellins Ethylene Function stem elongation apical dominanace root formation cell division differentiation stem & intemode elongation seed germination abscission fruit ripening suppression of bud growth stomatal closing leaf senescence cell enlongation, cell expansion promotion of vascular differentiation growth promoting by stem enlongation pollen tube formation, enlongation Location produced in shoot apical meristem produced in roots produced in apical portion of root & shoot produced in leaves, stems & young fruits mature leaves, fruits & root caps Wide range of plant organs (short distance activity)

Abscisic Acid

Brassinosteroid

Transport of phytohormones
Auxin Gibberellin Ethylen Auxin Auxin

Ethylen ABA

ABA
Auxin Gibberellin Cytokinin

Gibberellin

Cytokinin

ABA Ethylen

Phytohormone interaction
Genetical regulation interaction

Plant hormones in stress responses

Signal

Reception

Transduction

Response

Mechanism of transduction

Light sensistive systems

Light
Phototropins

Cryptochromes

Signal Perceiving Locations

Recall.
What should be studied in part of plant development?

Regulation of development Stages in life cycle Rely on and Cope with conditions
How are the cells development?

Born from other divisions Grow up step by step Make their own characteristics
What are phytohormones?

Definition Classification Interaction

Why are these molecules but not others?

Selection process = Selecting the most suitable molecule

growth promoting signal molecules

stress signal molecules

Osmotic stress Chemical stress

UV-oxidative stress

Mechanical stress