Chng

Be tram tch
Phu Khanh va
tai nguyen
dau kh
8
237
Chng 8. Be Phu Khanh va tai nguyen dau kh
Be Phu Khanh nam doc theo b bien
mien Trung Viet Nam, gii han bi v tuyen
14
0
- 11
0
Bac va kinh tuyen 109
0
20 - 111
0

ong hoac cung co the phat trien hn ve
pha ong (xem Hnh 5.1, chng 5). Ve
phng dien a chat, be Phu Khanh giap
gii vi be Cu Long pha Nam, be Nam
Con Sn pha ong Nam, be Song Hong
pha Bac, be Hoang Sa pha ong Bac,
them a Nang, them Phan Rang pha Tay
va ve pha ong, ni cha c nghien cu,
co the ton tai mot be khac nam gia be Phu
Khanh va phan sau nhat cua Bien ong.
a hnh ay bien trong vung rat phc
tap vi ac trng cua mot bien ra, bao gom
cac a hnh: them luc a, sn luc a va
chan luc a vi cac ho sut va khoi nang a
phng, mc nc bien sau t 0-3.000m.
Cac n v a chat ay nam tren phan vo
luc a va vo chuyen tiep gia luc a va
ai dng, cung co the co mot phan nam
tren vo a ai dng pha ong (?). Them
luc a rat hep, mc nc sau t 0-200m,
nam tren mong granit phan d, ni mong
nho cao tao thanh cac dai nang ngam va
ni sut lun tao thanh cac trung tch tu nho.
Do hoat ong cua cac he thong t gay,
mong cua them b trt theo khoi, tao ra
dang a hnh bac thang, sau dan ve pha
Bien ong. Sn luc a ke tiep them a
Nang, Phan Rang la mot vung co o sau
nc bien t 150 en 3.000m, o doc t
vai o en vai chuc o, be rong t 20km-
200km. Mc o phan cat sn luc a cao
hn nhieu so vi phan them, vi nhieu day
nui ngam va rach ngam (canyon). phan
pha Bac, tng ng vi Quang Nam en
Bnh nh va phan pha Nam tng ng
vi Bnh Thuan-Ninh Thuan, sn luc a
tng oi rong, ngc lai vung gia,
tng ng vi Nam Bnh nh en Khanh
Hoa, sn luc a rat hep, co ni ch con
18km, tao thanh mot hnh mong nga, anh
dau vung bien tach gian lan sau nhat vao
gan a khoi Kon Tum. Cac ong bang bien
tham a hnh tng oi bang phang nam
pha ngoai chan sn luc a. Tuy khong
co nhng tai lieu a chan nhng theo cac
ket qua nghien cu trong lc, nam di
ong bang bien tham la nhng a hao kch
thc khac nhau, o la nhng trung tch tu,
be day tram tch co the len en 3 - 4 km.
Do be Phu Khanh chu yeu thuoc vung
nc sau, cong tac nghien cu con t, cha
co khoan tham do nen nhng net cau truc
a chat chnh c khai quat theo tai lieu
khao sat a chan khu vc va lien he vi
cac be tram tch lan can, ni a c nghien
cu tng oi chi tiet, a co phat hien va
ang khai thac dau kh.
1. Gii thieu
238
a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam
2. Lch s nghien cu, tm kiem tham do
dau kh
Mac du be Phu Khanh con t c nghien
cu, song cong tac nghien cu a chat
phan at lien sat pha Tay be Phu Khanh
c cac nha a chat Phap nghien cu t
rat sm trong cong tac khao sat lap ban o
ty le 1:500.000 vung a Nang (1935), Nha
Trang (1937) va Qui Nhn (1942).
iem lo dau lan au tien c phat
hien vao 1920-1923 tai am Th Nai (Qui
Nhn), phan at lien ke vi be Phu Khanh.
Nam 1944 cac nha a chat Phap a khoan
tm kiem ay nhng khong con tai lieu e
lai. T 1944-1964, Saurin cung a nghien
cu iem lo dau am Th Nai va ket luan
rang nguon dau khong phai t Neogen ma
co le t cac lp Sapropel giau tao (algae)
vnh Qui Nhn cung cap [27,28]. T sau
nam 1960 nhieu cuoc khao sat cua cac nha
a chat-a vat ly Phap, My, c, Nhat,
Trung Quoc a c tien hanh trong cac
chng trnh nghien cu bien ong. T sau
nam 1970, cac cong ty dau kh nc ngoai
a tien hanh cac nghien cu a chat-a vat
ly vi muc ch tm kiem dau kh s bo di
s quan ly cua chnh quyen Sai Gon cu va
t 1979 en nay cac hoat ong nghien cu
cang c tang cng di s quan ly cua
Tong cuc Dau mo va Kh ot Viet Nam va
sau nay la Tong cong ty Dau kh Viet Nam.
Cho en nay, vung bien mien Trung thuoc
khu vc be Phu Khanh a co nhieu khao
sat a vat ly nh GSI (My,1974), Malgin
(Lien Xo, 1984), GECO-PRAKLA (1993),
NOPEC (1993) vi khoi lng khao sat
khoang 17.000 Km tuyen a vat ly.
Cac nghien cu tren phan at lien c
nhieu nha a chat tien hanh t 1977 en
nay. Le Nh Lai, Nguyen Quang Hinh
(1977); Phan Huy Quynh (1980); Sladen,
Nguyen Quang Bo (1991); Tran Tnh (1988-
1997); Le Thanh (1998) a phan tch cac
mau vung am Th Nai va cho thay loai
dau vet lo tng t vi dau trong carbonat
Miocen gieng khoan 119-CH-1X va cho
rang dau lo co the co nguon goc t phan
sau cua be Phu Khanh dch chuyen len qua
cac t gay trong vung. Nam 2000 Vien
Dau kh hp tac vi Vien a chat Nhat
Ban (JGI) nghien cu cac vet lo t Nong
Sn en Kon Tum, Song Ba, am Th Nai.
Nam 2002-2003 Pham Quang Trung cung
cac cong s Vien Dau kh tiep tuc nghien
cu cac mau lo dau am Th Nai. Cac
ket luan cua cac tac gia nay con rat trai
ngc nhau nen van e nguon goc dau lo,
chat lng nguon a me con cha c giai
quyet va can phai nghien cu tiep.
Trong nhng nam 2001-2004, Vien Dau
kh a chu tr e tai cap nha nc KC-09-06
nghien cu ve a ong lc va tiem nang
dau kh cac vung nc sau, xa b, trong
o co khu vc be Phu Khanh. Cung trong
thi gian nay, d an ENRECA do Vien Dau
kh hp tac vi Cuc a chat an Mach va
Greenland (GEUS) a tien hanh nghien
cu tong the a chat va tiem nang dau kh
be Phu Khanh, trong o co tap trung nghien
cu sau ve a hoa va tram tch cua khu vc
am Th Nai va trung Song Ba, phan at
lien ke vi be Phu Khanh.
Cac ket qua nghien cu tren ay, c
cong bo trong cac bao cao tong hp hoac
chuyen e, lu tr tai Trung tam Thong tin
T lieu Dau kh va Vien Dau kh, thuoc
Tong cong ty Dau kh Viet Nam, va Vien
Thong tin Lu tr Bao tang a chat, thuoc
239
Chng 8. Be Phu Khanh va tai nguyen dau kh
Cuc a chat va Khoang san Viet Nam,
cung nh a cong bo tren cac Hoi ngh, tap
ch trong va ngoai nc, c liet ke trong
phan tai lieu tham khao, la nhng nguon tai
lieu chnh e tham khao viet chng nay.
iem noi bat can lu y la tat ca nhng ieu
trnh bay chng nay eu da tren ket
qua giai thch a chat cac tai lieu a vat
ly la chu yeu v trong khu vc nay cha co
cong trnh khoan. Cac gieng khoan dung e
lien ket vi tai lieu a vat ly eu nam
cac be tram tch ke can (Song Hong, Cu
Long, Nam Con Sn), va xa, va co cau
truc a chat khac biet, lai b phan cat bi
cac he thong t gay, cac i nang phc
tap nen o chnh xac con cha nhieu han
che.
3. ac iem cau kien tao
3.1. Cac yeu to cau truc chnh
Tren c s ban o cau truc mong trc
e Tam co the phan chia be Phu Khanh va
vung lan can thanh mot so yeu to cau truc
chnh nh (Hnh 8.1):
Them a Nang;
Them Phan Rang;
i nang Tri Ton;
Trung sau Phu Khanh;
i cat trt Tuy Hoa.
Them a Nang nam pha Tay Bac
be Phu Khanh, keo dai theo phng bac
nam, o sau mc nc nho hn 100m, vi
tang tram tch Kainozoi mong, chieu day
tram tch bien oi tang dan ve pha ong
(Hnh 8.2).
Them Phan Rang nam pha Tay
Nam be Phu Khanh. Ca hai them nay eu
la phan ra ong cua a khoi Kon Tum va
la nhng khoi tng oi vng chac trong
suot qua trnh hnh thanh, phat trien be Phu
Khanh. Trong qua trnh tach gian, cac them
nay c duy tr, ch co nhng ni khong
vng chac do anh hng cua cac khoi t
gay, hnh thanh nen cac a hao hoac ban
a hao nho cung nh nhng a luy nho.
Cac a hao - ban a hao nay chu yeu phan
bo vung them a Nang (Hnh 8.2). Cac
hoat ong kien tao vung them rat yeu
(Hnh 8.3). Tng t nh them a Nang,
ay tram tch e Tam mong, thay oi t
vai chuc met en tren 1.000 m pha ong.
Thanh phan tram tch chu yeu la clastic.
nhng i cao thuoc ra pha ong phat
trien cac tram tch carbonat trong Miocen.
i nang Tri Ton nam pha ong a
hao Quang Ngai, Bac i t gay a Nang
va trung sau Phu Khanh. i nang nay
con co tac gia goi la i nang Quy Nhn
[23]. Qua tai lieu a chan co the thay vao
Trng su
Ph Khnh

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Hnh 8.1. Cac yeu to cau truc be Phu Khanh
va lan can
240
a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam
Miocen gia khu vc nay chu s van ong
nen ep, b uon nep va nang len, tham ch b
lo ra tren mat bien trong mot thi gian dai,
nen b bao mon, ao khoet manh me. Hoat
ong nay cham dt vao au Miocen muon
va qua trnh lun chm lai xay ra, tao ieu
kien tram ong cac tram tch Miocen tren
va Pliocen - e T co the nam bnh on va
tng oi phang.
Trung sau Phu Khanh nam khu vc
nc sau, pha Tay tiep giap vi vung sn
luc a. ay la vung co be day tram tch ln
nhat cua be Phu Khanh (Hnh 8.3, 8.4). Ban
o d thng trong lc cho thay phan pha
ong cua be Phu Khanh la d thng am co
hnh dang gan ang thc vi o sau cc
ai nam vung giao iem gia kinh tuyen
110
O
20 ong va v tuyen 13
O
Bac. Gii han
pha ong cua trung sut lun ln nay nam
gan kinh tuyen 112
O
ong, sau o chuyen
tiep sang phan sau nhat cua bien ong.
i cat trt Tuy Hoa (Tuy Hoa shear
zone) nam pha Tay Nam cua be Phu
Khanh la mot vung co cac t gay bien o
ln, mot so trong cac t gay o xuat phat
t trong mong (Hnh 8.5). Phng cau tao
tay bac - ong nam cua i cat trt Tuy
Hoa tng t nh phng cua he thong t
gay Song Hong phan at lien mien Bac
Viet Nam. Theo Tapponnier (1982), ieu
nay co le lien quan en s bien dang i
cat trt ln (mega shear zone), ket qua
cua s di chuyen khoi Indochina va Au - A.
Trung sut lun canh i cat trt Tuy Hoa
c hnh thanh noi lien vi phan ln cac
a hao xuat hien trong pha tach gian chnh
va trong o cac tram tch Oligocen di, co
the co ca tram tch Eocen a tram ong.
Gan ay (2003) mot so tac gia Vien
Dau Kh nh Le nh Thang, Le Van Dung
con phan chia them mot n v cau truc
mi, o la i t gay a Nang. i nay
nam pha Nam i nang Tri Ton, tng
ng vi khoang v o 13
O
30 Bac va la gii
han pha cc Bac cua trung sau Phu Khanh.
i t gay nay bao gom cac khoi t gay
trt bang co phng ong bac - tay nam
va sut bac, sau dan ve pha ong Nam. Cac
Hnh 8.2. Mat cat a chan tuyen VOR-93-101, qua them a Nang va i t gay a Nang
241
Chng 8. Be Phu Khanh va tai nguyen dau kh
t gay, bac sut c hnh thanh chu yeu
trong pha tach gian au tien va cac tram
tch t Eocen (?), Oligocen c tram ong
trong cac a hao ke can (Hnh 8.2).
Cung vi i cat trt Tuy Hoa pha
cc Nam, i t gay a Nang tao thanh
khung hnh mong nga h ve pha ong
cua trung sau Phu Khanh.
Ngoai cac yeu to cau truc tren, mot so
cong trnh nghien cu vung nay con a
khu vc ong Bac be Cu Long, Tay Bac
be Nam Con Sn vao thanh phan cua khu
vc be Phu Khanh [37]. Phan mo ta cac khu
vc nay ban oc co the tham khao trong
cac chng 9, 10 cua quyen sach nay.
3.2. Lch s phat trien be Phu Khanh
Be Phu Khanh la mot be tach gian ra
luc a thu ong hoac con co the xem la
mot be ra luc a lien quan en va cham
cac mang kien tao An o, Au - A va hoat
ong tach gian bien ong vi lch s phat
trien nhieu pha. Be day tram tch t 500m
ra pha Tay va hn 10.000m trung tam
nhng ho sut pha ong be. pha Tay, be
Phu Khanh tiep giap vi them Phan Rang
va them a Nang. Ve pha Nam be b ngan
cach vi be Cu Long bang i cat trt
Tuy Hoa, mot i vi cac bien dang doc
theo cac mat co ng suat tiep tuyen cc ai
theo hng tay bac-ong nam. pha Bac,
be Phu Khanh b ngan cach vi i nang
Tri Ton va a hao Quang Ngai bang i
t gay a Nang (Hnh 8.1). Theo cac ket
qua nghien cu a chat kien tao cua cac
tac gia nc ngoai va trong nc, s tien
hoa kien tao cua be Phu Khanh cung co
chung mot ac iem nh cac be tram tch
e Tam khac quanh bien ong va co the
chia thanh cac giai oan tien hoa kien tao
chnh theo quan iem cua cac chuyen gia
Petrovietnam nh sau [37]:
Giai oan tien rift (Creta muon - Eocen)
Trong giai oan Creta muon, qua trnh
thuc troi cua phan Tay Nam Bien ong
c chi phoi chu yeu bi cac hoat ong
trt bang ngang cac he thong t gay
Hnh 8.3. Mat cat a chan tuyen VOR-93-101 cat ngang trung sau Phu Khanh
242
a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam
Song Hong, Tuy Hoa va Three Pagoda.
Trong Creta muon - Paleocen hoat ong
phun trao axit xay ra tren dien rong, hoat
ong bao mon manh me tiep noi sau hoat
ong nang troi. Trong Eocen muon do tac
ong cua chuyen dch, va mang An o vi
mang Au A, a lai ket qua la phat trien
khu vc hut chm mi theo hng ong bac
- tay nam. Hoat ong nay tao ra Bien ong
co. Hoat ong cang gian khi au trong thi
gian nay lam giap v mong trc e Tam
(a tng co ket va gan lien vi a khoi Kom
Tum) tao tien e cho be Phu Khanh c
hnh thanh nh la he qua cua chuyen ong
dch chuyen va quay cua khoi Indochina,
cung nh s cang gian i lien vi chuyen
ong quay va m rong Bien ong.
Giai oan ong tao rift (Eocen muon? -
Oligocen)
Qua trnh hut chm cua bien ong co
doc theo mang Bac Borneo tiep dien, tao
ra cac ng suat cang gian trong mang hut
chm lam tang them sc keo cang cua ra
Indochina va nh cao nhat cua hoat ong
nay la tao ra s gian ay bien vung nc
sau cua bien ong vao gia Oligocen. ay
la pha hoat ong tach gian manh nhat, dien
ra gan nh ong thi trong tat ca cac be tram
tch e Tam pha Tay Nam bien ong.
be Phu Khanh pha nay khi au cho s hnh
thanh, phat trien cac a hao song song vi
hng m cua bien ong va tao moi trng
tram tch can luc a (Hnh 8.6). Hoat ong
sut lun va m rong vung nay at quy mo
cc ai trong Oligocen. Cac yeu to cau tao
chnh, dng hoac am be Phu Khanh c
hnh thanh trong pha ong tao rift chnh,
vi trng ng suat doc va ngang chiem
u the trong vung. Tuy nhien bien dang
nen ep cung xay ra mot vai t gay trt
bang (strike-slip faults) ket hp vi nen ep
nghieng. S cang gian va sut lun ong thi
vi tach gian cua be Phu Khanh c dien
ra song hanh vi hoat ong tram ong vat
lieu vun tho va vat lieu phun trao. Giai oan
nang len c ket thuc bang mot bat chnh
hp bao mon mang tnh khu vc gii han
tiep xuc gia Oligocen - Miocen, anh dau
cho tnh phan d cua cac hoat ong kien tao
trong vung (Hnh 8.7). Tuy nhien cung co y
kien cho rang be Phu Khanh giai oan syn
rift co the con phat trien trong Miocen sm
(rift muon), o la van e can lam sang to
Hnh 8.4. Mat cat a chan tuyen VOR-301 chay doc be Phu Khanh, t v tuyen 11 en v tuyen 14
243
Chng 8. Be Phu Khanh va tai nguyen dau kh
trong thi gian ti
Lun chm khu vc sau tao rift
Vao Miocen sm bat au hoat ong lun
chm nhiet; phat trien t t ve pha ong
va c xem la thi iem bat au cua hoat
ong sau rift. Viec giam toc o nang troi ve
pha ong Nam cua khoi Indochina trong
giai oan nay lam cho hoat ong trt
bang trai t gay song Hong cung giam
va anh dau s cham dt hien tng quay
cac khoi tren dien rong. Phng cang gian
bien ong c chuyen oi t bac - nam
sang tay bac - ong nam va hien tng ao
ngc cua khu vc hut chm Bien ong t
hng ve pha ong sang hng ve pha
Tay cung xay ra trong thi gian nay. Vao
giai oan gia va cuoi cua Miocen gia co
hai bien co kien tao ang chu y a xay ra
anh dau bang hien tng ao ngc noi be
ma nguyen nhan chnh co le lien quan ti
s va cham gia hai mang A - Uc keo theo
s hnh thanh cac giai oan bao mon hoac
khong lang ong tram tch rat ien hnh, the
hien bang cac bat chnh hp ro rang tren
cac lat cat a chan. Trong Miocen gia
trng ng suat chu ao la nen ep ngang,
dan ti s nghch ao kien tao, hnh thanh
cac cau tao hnh hoa trong cac loat tram
tch. Doc theo mot so t gay ln cat ngang
sn nghieng cua be Phu Khanh ong thi
cung xay ra cac bien dang ng suat ngang
rat ac trng.
Trong Miocen muon toan bo khu vc
bien ong chu yeu chu lc nen ep, lc nay
cung vi he t gay trt bang phai them
luc a Viet Nam co le a tr thanh ong
lc tao ra s nang len tam thi cung nh
s ao ngc tng phan cua be Phu Khanh
vao cuoi Miocen muon tao mat bao mon
mang tnh a phng (Hnh 8.8).
Vao Pliocen hoat ong bien tien anh
hng rong khap khu vc bien ong. Cung
nh cac be khac trong khu vc, be Phu
Khanh c cac thanh tao tre Pliocen - e
T phu bat chnh hp len tren mat bao mon
Miocen muon, nhng v thi gian va mc
o bao mon khong ln nen ranh gii gia
Miocen muon va Pliocen rat kho xac nh
Hnh 8.5. Mat cat a chan tuyen PK-03-084, qua i cat trt Tuy Hoa
244
a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam
tren cac mat cat a chan.
Ngoai quan iem neu tren ay, nhom
cac nha a chat trng ai hoc khoa hoc
t nhien - ai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi (Phan
Van Quynh, Ta Trong Thang) cho rang be
Phu Khanh hnh thanh tren cac vong tao
nui au Paleogen vi s lap ay cac thanh
tao molas luc a (pha tao nui cach ay 50
trieu nam) va cau truc be c hnh thanh,
phat trien tren c che chnh la keo toac doc
theo cac i bien dang ranh gii nem thuc
troi (extrusion) Indochina.
3.3. ac iem t gay
Be Phu Khanh c hnh thanh va b
chi phoi bi 3 he thong t gay chnh: he
t gay ong Bac - Tay Nam pha Bac,
he t gay Bac - Nam doc them a Nang
(kinh tuyen 109
O
30) va he thong t gay
Tay Bac - ong Nam pha Nam. Rieng he
t gay Bac - Nam c mot so tac gia chia
thanh 3 t gay song song nhau, doc theo
kinh tuyen 109
O
30, 110
O
10 va 110
O
20.
Cac he t gay nay tao ra cac trung sau
trong mong, khong che cac trung tam tch
tu chnh. Do be Phu Khanh c hnh thanh
chu yeu bi trng ng suat cang ngang,
phat trien doc theo i cat trt ln, lai
nam ranh gii tiep xuc gia mot ben la
khoi luc a tng oi ran chac va mot ben
la i tach gian ong cua bien ong, s
khac nhau trong kieu kien tao cua cac he
t gay rat ro rang va co kha nang o la ket
qua cua s thay oi ng suat tren cac oan
b t gay vi s thay oi phng ng nt
trong khu vc i cat trt ln.
Trong pha kien tao tiep theo, cac t
gay (keo cang) thuan phat trien doc theo
ra them va ke tha khuynh hng cua cac
PH LM
SNG CU
CH THANH
LA HAI
TUY HA
VAN GI
DIN KHNH NHA TRANG
NINH HA
PH MY
NG MY
BNH INH
QUY NHON
TUY PHC
P
DIU TR
BA NGI
122
123
124
125
126
VOR-93-101
VOR-93-102
VOR-93-107
VOR 93 116
V
O
R
-9
3
-2
0
2
Hnh 8.6. S o ang sau mong am hoc be Phu
Khanh
PH LM
SNG CU
CH THANH
LA HAI
TUY HA
VAN GI
DIN KHNH NHA TRANG
NINH HA
PH MY
NG MY
BNH INH
QUY NHON
TUY PHC
P
DIU TR
BA NGI
122
123
124
125
126
VOR-93-101
VOR-93-102
VOR-93-107
VOR 93 116
V
O
R
-9
3
-2
0
2
Hnh 8.7. S o ang sau noc Oligocen tren be Phu
Khanh
245
Chng 8. Be Phu Khanh va tai nguyen dau kh
i t gay co hn.
4. a tang
Nh a neu phan au, trong be Phu
Khanh cha co gieng khoan. V vay viec
phan chia a tang, xac nh cac mat bat
chnh hp v.v... eu da tren cac ket qua
minh giai va lien ket tai lieu a vat ly,
chu yeu la a chan phan xa vi cac gieng
khoan be Song Hong, Cu Long va Nam
Con Sn. Do o, v tr cac gii han phan
chia a tang gia cac tac gia co khac nhau.
e giai quyet s sai khac nay can phai ch
co ket qua khoan trong vung. Theo minh
giai tai lieu a chan tram tch e Tam co
chieu day thay oi t 500 m doc theo ra
pha Tay en 7.000 - 8.000 m vung trung
sau pha ong be. Di ay la a tang d
bao be Phu Khanh (Hnh 8.9).
4.1. Mong trc e Tam
Mong trc e Tam be Phu Khanh la
cac thanh tao magma, bien chat co tuoi va
thanh phan khac nhau, trong o cac thanh
tao granit tuoi Creta b phong hoa, nt ne
co kha nang phat trien rong vung them
Phan Rang, i cat trt Tuy Hoa va them
a Nang.
4.2. Paleocen - Eocen?
Tram tch Paleocen - Eocen (?) c
thanh tao trong cac graben, ban graben vi
thanh phan chnh la cac tram tch hat tho,
san cuoi ket phan ay. Tren tai lieu a
chan chung c phan anh bi cac tap song
phan xa co o lien tuc kem, bien o trung
bnh en cao.
4.3. Oligocen
Cac tram tch Oligocen phu bat chnh
hp tren cac tram tch Eocen gom cac thanh
tao mn hn nh cat, set, oi khi xen t lp
than. Tren mat cat a chan tram tch nay
c xep vao tap song phan xa co o lien
tuc kem, bien o trung bnh, tan so thap,
co ni phan xa dang lon xon, bien o cao.
Be day tram tch thay oi t vai tram met
phan ra en hang nghn met phan trung
tam be. Cac lp set than en giau vat chat
hu c, nguon goc am ho va am nc l
la nguon a me tiem nang trong be Phu
Khanh.
4.4. Miocen
Cac tram tch Miocen chu yeu la cac
tram tch luc nguyen, chau tho, xen cac pha
bien va bien nong. Phan pha ong them
a Nang, Phan Rang phat trien a voi dang
them, a voi am tieu. Co the phan ra tram
tch Miocen di, gia va tren theo ac
PH LM
SNG CU
CH THANH
LA HAI
TUY HA
VAN GI
DIN KHNH NHA TRANG
NINH HA
PH MY
NG MY
BNH INH
QUY NHON
TUY PHC
P
DIU TR
BA NGI
122
123
124
125
126
VOR-93-101
VOR-93-102
VOR-93-107
VOR 93 116
V
O
R
-9
3
-2
0
2
Hnh 8.8. S o ang sau noc Miocen tren be Phu
Khanh
246
a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam
Hnh 8.9. Cot a tang tong hp be Phu Khanh
247
Chng 8. Be Phu Khanh va tai nguyen dau kh
trng cac tap a chan.
Tram tch Miocen di phu bat chnh
hp tren cac tram tch Oligocen. Tren cac
tai lieu a chan chung c ac trng bi
cac phan xa a song song en song song,
bien o thap en cao, o lien tuc trung bnh,
dang doc thoai. Pha Bac co dang nem lan
d bao quat chau tho hoac quat aluvi, cac
phan xa bien o cao d bao la cac thanh
tao carbonat them.
Nh vay cac thanh tao Miocen di
chu yeu la tram tch luc nguyen oi cho
la carbonat. Moi trng tram tch chau tho
va am ho cha than, bien nong, bien ven
b. Cac tap set, set than Miocen di tng
am ho, vung vnh la nguon a me be
Phu Khanh. Chieu day tram tch vung
trung sau Phu Khanh co the at en hn
2000m.
Tram tch Miocen gia c nhan biet
va lien ket tren tai lieu a chan vi ac
iem la cac phan xa song song hoac gan
song song, bien o thay oi t thap en
cao, tnh lien tuc va tan so trung bnh. Cac
mat phan xa nam onlap vung ven b va
downlap vung nc sau.
Nhn chung tren phan them pha Tay
va pha Bac cua be Phu Khanh, tram tch
Miocen gia chu yeu la luc nguyen do gan
nguon cung cap vat lieu t at lien. Trong
phan pha Nam be Phu Khanh, cac tap tram
tch vung vnh Oligocen va Miocen di
b chon vui di cac tap set, cat, carbonat
tram ong trong Miocen gia.
Trong Miocen pho bien cac thanh tao
chay roi vi s hnh thanh cac quat boi tch
ngam doc theo sn nghieng cua be Phu
Khanh. ay co the la nhng tang cha co
kha nang cho tch tu dau kh. Ngoai ra doc
theo ra them pha ong con phat trien
carbonat them. Cac khoi nang carbonat
nho len khoi mat nc bien ch thay le te
vai ni tren cac mat cat a chan, ay
cung thng la cac khoi t gay nho cao.
a dam ket san ho mat trc am tieu
cung a carbonat c phat trien va tram
ong doc theo cac am tieu cung la nhng
oi tng a cha can lu y, mac du chung
xuat hien khong nhieu.
Tram tch Miocen tren c nhan biet
bi cac phan xa thng la song song en
song song hi phan ky, bien o t thap en
trung bnh, tnh lien tuc tot phan pha Tay
be va co dang hanh nhan (ch S) nem lan
ve pha sn doc hng ra bien.
S lun chm cua be Phu Khanh tiep noi
sau thi ky gian oan tram tch cuoi Miocen
gia, cung vi nguon cung vat lieu luc a
doi dao, nhat la do cac dong chay pha be
Song Hong mang lai tao ra hien tng lan
bien mang tnh khu vc cua ra them vi
cng o giam dan ve pha Nam. Be day
tram tch Miocen tren be Phu Khanh len
en 3000m. Phan tren cung cua tap nay
c tram ong trong moi trng chau tho,
bai bien hoac ven b, con ve pha Tay cua
be th gap cac thanh tao chau tho khong co
nguon goc bien va thanh tao song ngoi.
phan thap nhat cua tap tram tch nay, cac
tap cat ket chay roi tren sn doc c thay
the theo phng nam ngang bang cac quat
boi tch ngam xa nguon, ay co the ton
tai cac bay a tang co gia tr.
Tram tch Pliocen - e T la cac tram
tch cat, bot, set them va bien sau lien quan
en qua trnh hnh thanh toan bo them luc
a Bien ong. Tren mat cat a chan de
dang nhan biet va lien he chung vi cac
248
a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam
tap Pliocen - e T trong khu vc. pha
ong thng la cac nem lan day, ac trng
tram tch sn them, con phan pha Tay la
cac phan xa song song, o lien tuc tot, bien
o trung bnh, tan so thap, lien quan en
tng tram tch them trong en ngoai trong
toan khu vc.
5. He thong dau kh
Do be Phu Khanh cha co khoan tham
do, nen he thong dau kh c anh gia
da tren c s cac tai lieu a chat co c
t cac gieng khoan pha Nam be song
Hong, pha ong Bac be Cu Long va be
Nam Con Sn, la nhng be co phat hien va
Hnh 8.10. Ket qua phan tch mau dau trong a granit phong hoa,
khu vc am Th Nai (Theo VPI-GEUS, 2004)
249
Chng 8. Be Phu Khanh va tai nguyen dau kh
ang khai thac dau kh. Di ay la nhng
net chnh ve he thong dau kh cua be Phu
Khanh.
5.1. a me
Ket qua phan tch a hoa cac mau dau
lay t gieng khoan 120-CS-1X pha Bac
be Phu Khanh cho thay s hien dien cua
dau cha bien oi lan vi dau b vi sinh
phan huy va chung hnh thanh t nguon thc
vat tren can tram ong trong moi trng
chau tho hoac am lay. Con cac ket qua
phan tch a hoa cac mau dau chiet tach
t a bun carbonat gieng khoan 121-CM-
1X lai cho thay chung hnh thanh t nguon
a me th yeu khac, c tram ong trong
moi trng bien thieu oxy.
Ket qua nghien cu cac vet lo dau vung
am Th Nai (Quy Nhn, Bnh nh) cua
VPI va GEUS (d an Enreca) cho thay co
s hien dien cua dau co the a c di c t
be Phu Khanh (Hnh 8.10). Trong mot vai
mau granit tuoi Creta pha ong am nay
cung tm thay bitum/dau tho trong khe nt
a. Cac ket qua phan tch a hoa chng
minh dau b phan huy sinh hoc vi dau van
sinh hoc (biomarker) ac trng cho hon hp
nguon goc luc a va nguon goc bien. Cac
mau lay am nuoi tom (pha bac am Th
Nai) cho thay dau b phan huy sinh hoc rat
manh, ch con mot so t dau van sinh hoc
con co the c nhan dang. Tuy nhien s
phan bo cua triterpan tricyclic hoan toan
giong vi nhng mau dau lay c trong
khe nt granit va neu tren. Nh vay co
the thay rang dau b phan huy sinh hoc nay
cung nguon goc vi dau tai cho. Cac mau
dau thu c t bai cat pha nam am Th
Nai cha dau b phan huy sinh hoc yeu, o
sap cao, dau van sinh hoc n gian va ty
so hopan/sterran rat cao. Cac ac trng nay
trung hp phan ln vi nhng ac trng cua
cac mau dau am ho Kainozoi gap trong
gieng khoan B10/STB-1X be Song Hong
nam cach xa be Phu Khanh ve pha Bac. S
giong nhau nay cho phep suy luan rang cac
a me co nguon goc am ho co the ton tai
be Phu Khanh sat ngay pha ong am Th
Nai. be Cu Long (pha Tay Nam) va be
Nam Con Sn (pha Nam) eu ton tai tang
sinh Oligocen va Miocen di. Trong o,
tang sinh Oligocen be Cu Long la set
am ho giau vat chat hu c sinh dau.
Nh vay, be Phu Khanh co the ton tai
Hnh 8.11. Sinh thanh hydrocarbon thi iem
hien tai cua a me Oligocen
(Theo Petrovietnam, 2004)
250
a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam
hai tang a me chnh la set am ho, than
va set than chau tho tuoi Oligocen, Miocen
sm. Kerogen loai II va III co kha nang
sinh ca dau va kh; ngoai ra, co the ton tai
tang sinh (th yeu) la a bun carbonat.
Do trong vung cha co gieng khoan nen
cac d lieu nhiet o t cac be tram tch ke
can c s dung e d bao dong nhiet
trong be Phu Khanh. phan Bac be Phu
Khanh gradient a nhiet trung bnh dao
ong t 3,65
0
C/100m (GK 120-CS-1X) en
3,81
0
C/100m (GK 121-CM-1X). Ket qua
nghien cu cho thay he so phan xa vitrinit
ch at 0,45% tai o sau chon vui 1.650m,
nhiet o cha u e sinh thanh hydrocarbon.
T gia tr vitrinit quan sat va mo hnh hoa
cho thay noc cua ca so sinh dau (R
0
= 0,6%)
phai o sau chon vui 1.900m. o sau cua
ca so sinh dau tng ng vi gia tr R
0
=
1,2% la 3.100m tnh t ay bien. Nh vay,
a me trong be Phu Khanh a nam trong
ca so tao dau. Trong be Cu Long va Nam
Con Sn phan pha Nam be Phu Khanh
gradient nhiet o bien thien t 2,26 en
3,35
0
C/100m. Lch s dong nhiet va toc o
lun chm ay c nh lng hoa thong
qua cc tieu sai so gia cac gia tr nhiet o
tnh ly thuyet va gia tr o phan xa vitrinit
tai cac gieng khoan 15-G-1X va 04-A-1X.
Lch s dien bien nhiet o tnh c, sau
o c so sanh vi cac ket qua nhiet phan
(pyrolysis) va sac ky kh e am bao o tin
cay cua so lieu nhiet o c rut ra t qua
trnh chon vui vat chat hu c. Ket qua cho
thay tai gieng khoan 15-G-1X dau c sinh
thanh sm nhat tai o sau 1.810m oi vi
kerogen loai II va 2.087m cho loai III va
iem nh sinh thanh dau o sau 2.737m
cho loai II va 2.825m cho loai III. ieu nay
cho thay a me Oligocen a sinh dau nh
quan sat thay tai gieng khoan a neu. Cac
ket qua phan tch a hoa dan en ket luan
la o sau trng thanh cua vat chat hu c
phan Bac be Phu Khanh nam nong hn so
vi phan pha Nam v gradient a nhiet
ay tng oi ln hn. Cac ban o ve o
trng thanh vat chat hu c hien nay oi
vi a me Oligocen va Miocen sm c
trnh bay trong cac hnh 8.11 va 8.12. Trong
e an NOPEC (1993) cac gieng khoan ao
c xay dng tren tat ca cac tuyen a
chan vi so lieu au vao la cac tham so rut
ra t cac gieng khoan 15-G-1X va 04-A-
1X. Gia tr nhiet o tnh c cao nhat
ay Oligocen tren la 361
0
C tai lo 123. Cac
Hnh 8.12. Sinh thanh hydrocarbon thi iem
hien tai cua a me Miocen
(Theo Petrovietnam, 2004)
251
Chng 8. Be Phu Khanh va tai nguyen dau kh
gia tr phan xa vitrinit tnh c tai ay cua
hai tap a me quan trong nhat phan thap
nhat va phan cao nhat cua Oligocen tren
bien thien trong khoang 5,47% R
0
tai gieng
khoan ao 67 (lo 123) va 0,2% R
0
tai gieng
khoan ao 53 (lo 125). Tren phan na dien
tch pha Nam be Phu Khanh cac gia tr
phan xa vitrinit tnh c co gia tr trung
bnh vao khoang 3,87% R
0
. Nh vay, oi
vi tang sinh Oligocen th phan ln dien
tch nam trong i sinh kh.
5.2. a cha
T cac be tram tch xung quanh cac nha
nghien cu cho rang trong be Phu Khanh
ton tai 3 loai a cha chu yeu: a mong nt
ne/phong hoa trc e Tam, a vun va a
carbonat.
a cha mong nt ne/phong hoa
Viet Nam, a mong nt ne/phong hoa
(granit, granodiorit) c biet en nh mot
loai a cha rat quan trong. Be day cua no
co the thay oi t hang chuc en tren nghn
met. Trong be Cu Long, a mong granit
nt ne/phong hoa la tang a cha quan
trong nhat, chiem en 80% tr lng
cac mo Bach Ho, Rong, Rang ong, Hong
Ngoc, S T en. mo ai Hung trong be
Nam Con Sn cung gap loai a nay cha
dau. a carbonat trc e Tam la a cha
gap trong gieng khoan B-10 mien vong
Ha Noi va gieng khoan tren cau tao Bach
Tr trong be Song Hong.
be Phu Khanh ton tai cac mong nho
cao b t gay phan cat va c phu bi
tram tch Oligocen co the la a chan tot
(Hnh 8.13).
a cha vun
Cat ket la loai a cha pho bien trong
cac be tram tch e Tam Viet Nam, phan
bo t Oligocen en Pliocen di. Trong cac
tram tch Oligocen va phan di cua Miocen
di cat ket c tram ong trong cac moi
trng ong bang chau tho va kenh rach
song ngoi, chung tr thanh cac thanh he a
cha chu yeu co chat lng trung bnh - tot,
tuy thuoc o sau phan bo cua chung. Cat
ket trong cac quat boi tch song ngoi cung
co the la loai a cha tot.
Trong Miocen, chau tho lui ve pha Tay
Bac va moi trng tram tch chuyen sang
moi trng bien nhieu hn. Cac thanh tao
cat ket la loai a cha pho bien trong phan
Tay be va c tram ong trong he thong
quat sn doc ngam. Trong Pliocen di
phat trien cac dang turbidit cac khu vc
sn doc, tao ra loai a cha vun ang ke
cho cac bay phi cau tao.
a cha carbonat
Trong cac be tram tch ke can be Phu
Khanh, a cha carbonat co tuoi t Miocen
gia en Miocen muon (Hnh 8.13, 8.14,
8.15). Carbonat cha kh a gap trong
nhieu gieng khoan phan Nam be song
Hong (118-CVX-1X, 121-CM-1X) va be
Nam Con Sn (04-A-1X, ai Hung, Lan
Tay, Lan o...). o rong cua loai a cha
nay bao gom o rong nguyen sinh va o
rong th sinh, nt ne, hang hoc nen nhn
chung chat lng cha tot. be Phu Khanh
a cha carbonat Miocen chu yeu phan bo
doc theo pha ong them a Nang va them
Phan Rang.
5.3. a chan
a chan mang tnh khu vc trong be
Phu Khanh la set bien Plio - Pleistocen. Be
day cua tap a chan nay at cc ai trong
252
a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam
tat ca cac trung tam tch tu va at cc tieu
tren cac i nang ke can vi chung. Tap
set phan tren cua Miocen di tng ng
vi tap set Rotalia be Cu Long co chieu
day 200 - 300m cung la tang chan khu vc.
Ngoai cac tang chan khu vc, hy vong cung
ton tai cac tap set, bot ket co kha nang chan
a phng nam xen ke vi cac tap cha
Oligocen va Miocen.
5.4. Di c, nap bay
Trong be Phu Khanh hydrocarbon sinh
ra co the a di c len pha tren thong qua
c che mao dan qua cac tap cat ket va doc
theo cac mat t gay e nap vao cac bay.
Co le c che di c quan trong nhat trong
phan sau cua be Phu Khanh la chat lu
c dch chuyen theo cac t gay sau e
len cac tang cha pha tren. Ngoai ra,
mot vai ni, cac bat chnh hp cung co the
la kenh dan, ng di c cua hydrocarbon
theo phng nam ngang.
5.5. Cac play dau kh va dang bay
Tren c s cac play a c chng
minh cha dau kh them luc a Viet
Nam, d kien trong be Phu Khanh co the
co dang play dau kh sau: cac play a mong
nt ne/phong hoa trc e Tam; play a
vun Oligocen; play a vun Miocen va play
carbonat Miocen (Hnh 8.17, 8.18). Ngoai
ra NOPEC [21] con a them mot loai play
na c goi la play basalt can mong (near
basement basaltic play).
Play a mong nt ne/phong hoa hay play
trc e Tam (Play 1)
Play mong trc e Tam trong be Phu
Khanh co a cha la granit Creta b nt
ne, co the giong play trc e Tam be
Cu Long a c phat hien va ang khai
thac dau. Nguon a me co le la a set am
Hnh 8.13. Dang bay khoi t gay trong mong, ngoai a cha mong con co a cha la cat ket va carbonat,
a chan la cac lp set, bot ket Miocen tren, Pliocen. Mat cat a chan minh giai t tuyen VOR-93-209
(NOPEC, 1993)
253
Chng 8. Be Phu Khanh va tai nguyen dau kh
ho giau vat chat hu c tuoi Oligocen phu
onlap va chon vui cac khoi nho mong, ong
thi chung con ong vai tro a chan theo
phng thang ng va phng nam ngang
cho loai bay khoi nho mong. Trong be Phu
Khanh d bao play mong phong hoa, nt
ne chu yeu phan bo doc i t gay 109
0

(doc pha ong them a Nang, them Phan
rang) va i cat trt Tuy Hoa.
Play a vun Oligocen (Play 2)
Trong play nay a me la loai set giau
vat chat hu c va than nam trong cac
thanh tao Oligocen va Eocen (?). Nguon a
me nay co kha nang sinh ca dau va kh.
Tuy nhien, vung trung sau Phu Khanh,
chung nam qua sau nen a trong ngng
sinh kh.
a cha bao gom cat ket tram ong
trong moi trng am ho, song ngoi, tam
giac chau, boi tch en bien nong ven b.
Cat ket song ngoi tuoi Oligocen sm en
Oligocen muon co o rong trung bnh en
tot la oi tng cha tiem nang.
a chan la cac lp set, bot ket nam xen
kep trong Oligocen gia, Oligocen tren va
Miocen di.
Trong Oligocen co nhieu kieu bay
lien quan en cau tao keo dai (elongated
anticlines) va vom nang b t gay (faulted
anticlines). Phan ln cac bay vi mc o
khac nhau, co the c chan bi cac mat
t gay. Cac khoi t gay nghieng/quay
thng la dang bay pho bien trong thanh
tao Oligocen cua be Phu Khanh. Cac bay
kieu nay thng c khep kn hai hoac ba
pha vao t gay. Mot so cau tao hnh hoa
cung c nhan thay tren mot so mat cat
a chan va chung thng c chan bi
cac t gay.
Cac dang cau tao noi tren thng gap
trong cac khu vc phat trien t gay trt
bang (strike-slip fault).
Play a vun Miocen (Play 3)
a me cung cap hydrocarbon cho play
Hnh 8.14. Bay dang cau tao hnh hoa phat trien t Oligocen ti Miocen gia vi a cha la cat ket va
carbonat Miocen di, gia. Mat cat a chat minh giai t tuyen VOR-93-101 (NOPEC, 1993)
254
a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam
a vun Miocen bao gom set, bot am ho
Oligocen, than Miocen sm va a bun
carbonat. Cac nha a chat cho rang than
trong cac am lay va chau tho cung nh bun
carbonat la nguon a me sinh kh ay.
a cha trong play nay bao gom cat
chau tho song ngoi va cat bien nong. Cac
nhp tram tch t Miocen di en Miocen
gia co le chu yeu c tram ong trong
moi trng b bien va them trong. Xa hn
ve pha ong chung lai c tram ong
trong moi trng them ngoai, sn doc va
bien sau. Cat ket Miocen sm thng co
tng b va them, chat lng cha tot. Cat
ket sn va ay bien thng ch gap trong
mat cat Miocen gia. Trong a tang Miocen
tren thng gap turbidit, chung phan bo
nhng phan sau cua be Phu Khanh.
a chan la nhng tap set ket va bot
ket xen kep trong thanh tao Miocen, chung
ong vai tro chan a phng. Cac tap set
bien tien la loai a chan noc Miocen.
Trong Miocen cac kieu bay pho bien la
cac khoi t gay nghieng. Cac bay thng
c khep kn ba chieu vi mot t gay
hoac hai chieu vi hai t gay chan. Trong
play a vun Miocen cung gap cac kieu bay
a tang nh quat boi tch, song ngoi, cac
quat ngam sn doc, cac vat mong hoac cat
cut.
Play carbonat Miocen (Play 4)
ay la kieu play cha kh kha pho bien
be Nam Con Sn, Nam be Song Hong, la
cac be ke can vi be Phu Khanh.
a me gom set am ho Oligocen va set
bien/set voi chau tho Miocen sm.
a cha carbonat c hnh thanh t
cuoi Miocen sm en Miocen gia co the
nhan biet c tren nhieu tuyen a chan.
Cac ran san ho va khoi xay thng co lan
bun, bot lam tang cng kha nang gan ket
xi mang nen lam giam o rong va o tham.
Hnh 8.15. Bay dang khoi xay carbonat trong Miocen gia, a chan la cac lp set, bot ket Pliocen. Mat cat
a chat minh giai t tuyen VOR-93-103 (NOPEC, 1993)
255
Chng 8. Be Phu Khanh va tai nguyen dau kh
Ngoai ran san ho va khoi xay con co nhng
dang tng a tram tch carbonat khac cung
c xem la nguon a cha tiem nang.
Tng sn ran (reef flank facies) thng
la cac khoi cuoi (conglomerat) voi, cat co
nguon goc t cac ran san ho. Tng noi ran
(inter reef facies), tc a voi a thuy trieu
(subtidal limestone), nc nong, khong lien
quan en thanh tao am tieu hoac cac tram
tch cat luc nguyen mn. Tuy nhien a cha
tot nhat van la cac ran am tieu, khoi xay
va cac tch tu sn ran. Tuy thuoc vao mc
o dolomit hoa, nt ne va hang hoc ma a
cha co o rong th sinh khac nhau. Nhn
chung o rong th sinh trong a carbonat
ong vai tro kha quan trong.
a chan cho kieu play carbonat la set
voi, set bun bien co tuoi t Miocen en
Pliocen.
Dang bay chnh cua play carbonat la
cac khoi xay khep kn bon mat. Cung co
the ton tai dang bay phi cau tao lien quan
en s thay oi thanh phan thach hoc theo
phng nam ngang trong carbonat nen. Cac
ran san ho giong kieu khoi xay thanh tao
ven ra cac nen co o rong va o tham tot
cung la loai bay trien vong.
Play basalt (Play 5)
Theo quan iem cua NOPEC be Phu
Khanh con co the ton tai mot play na,
c goi la play basalt can mong. Play nay
a phat hien cha dau khu vc mo Rong
thuoc be Cu Long.
a me cua play nay cung la set am ho
Oligocen giau vat chat hu c con a cha
la cac tap a nui la, co o rong nguyen
sinh tot ket hp vi o rong th sinh do b
nt v tao thanh cac bay phi cau tao (thach
hoc - a tang) vi dien phan bo khong
rong. Cac tap a me cung ong thi ong
vai tro a chan a phng cho cac loai bay
nay.
5.6. Thi gian hnh thanh cau tao, di c
va bao ton hydrocarbon
Theo cac ket qua phan tch a chan va
Hnh 8.16. Kha nang dch chuyen hydrocarbon t a me trng thanh en bay
(Theo VPI-GEUS, 2004)
Hng dch chuyn Hng dch chuyn Hng dch chuyn Hng dch chuyn
256
a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam
mo hnh hoa a hoa co the thay cac cau
tao, bay c hnh thanh trc khi xay ra
di c hydrocarbon. ay la yeu to thuan li
e dau kh sinh ra co ieu kien nap vao
bay trong qua trnh di c. Van e bao ton
hydrocarbon cung co rui ro thap v ngoai
cac lp a co tnh khu vc con nhieu lp a
chan a phng nam xen kep vi cac tang
cha trong cung he thong dau kh. Hoat
ong cua cac t gay tuy pho bien, song
tren cac mat cat a chan hien khong quan
sat thay hien tng ro r kh doc theo cac
t gay len ay bien. Hoat ong phan huy
sinh hoc dau kh cung t co kha nang xay ra
v nhiet o trong be cao.
6. Tiem nang tai nguyen dau kh
Be Phu Khanh c cac nha a chat
dau kh an Mach, Nhat Ban, Viet Nam
chon lam muc tieu nghien cu trong nhieu
e an, nh Enreca (an Mach), e an hp
tac VPI/JGI (Nhat Ban) [36] trong cac nam
va qua. Cac ket luan ve tiem nang dau
kh noi chung la rat lac quan da tren nhieu
thong tin mi t cac mo dau kh mi c
phat hien cac khu vc lan can trong cac
nam 2003 - 2004. Dau hieu dau kh c
nhan biet qua cac iem lo dau (?) pha
Tay tren phan at lien cung nh cac dau
hieu gian tiep c nhan biet tren cac lat
cat a chan nh d thng bien o, iem
sang (bright spot), phan xa ngang (flat
spot)... cung gop phan vao cac ket luan lac
quan tren.
Tat ca cac yeu to cua mot he thong
dau kh eu c xac nhan da tren cac d
lieu a chat tren at lien, tren cac tai lieu
a vat ly va qua cac mo hnh s dung cac
thong so cac be tram tch ke can ket hp
vi d lieu a chan trong be Phu Khanh.
Cac ket qua anh gia tiem nang dau kh
thong qua e an VITRA II [39] cho thay
be Phu Khanh chiem khoang 10% tong tai
nguyen dau kh tiem nang cua Viet Nam,
tc tiem nang thu hoi khoang 400 trieu tan
quy dau, phan bo chu yeu play 2, 3 va
play 4 (Hnh 8.19). Nh vay, tiem nang dau
kh cua be Phu Khanh la ang ke, can phai
Hnh 8.17. S o tong quat ve he thong dau kh be Phu Khanh
(Theo Petrovietnam, 2004)
257
Chng 8. Be Phu Khanh va tai nguyen dau kh
au t tm kiem, tham do vi mc o chi
tiet cao hn
Tuy nhien can chu y rang c s e dan
en cac ket luan phan ln van la thong
tin gian tiep, do o, trong tng lai, khi co
them nhng thong tin trc tiep th viec anh
gia tiem nang dau kh se co chat lng cao
hn, chnh xac hn.
7. Ket luan
Be Phu Khanh nam mot phan tren them
luc a va mot phan tren sn cung nh
chan sn luc a doc theo b bien Nam
Trung Bo. Be hnh thanh trong Oligocen do
tach gian, m rong bien ong ve pha Tay
Nam. Theo ket qua giai thch tai lieu a
chan, trong lc... trung tam cua be nam
chan sn luc a va keo dai theo phng
Bac Nam, gan song song vi ng b.
Phan them pha Tay hep, keo dai, b phc
tap bi he thong t gay Kinh tuyen 109
0

ong va i cat trt Tuy Hoa phng tay
bac - ong nam. Tram tch chu yeu la cac
thanh tao luc nguyen, oi cho cha than.
Trong Miocen sm va Miocen gia phat
trien cac thanh tao carbonat doc theo pha
ong them a Nang va them Phan Rang.
Chieu day tram tch thay oi rat ln khoang
Hnh 8.18. S o phan bo cac oi tng trien vong be Phu Khanh
(Theo Petrovietnam-Norad, 2004)
258
a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam
vai tram met pha Tay, nhng cang ve
pha ong chieu day tram tch cang tang
va at cc ai en tren 8.000m trung sau
Phu Khanh.
T ket qua nghien cu cac be tram tch
lan can cho phep d bao tang sinh be Phu
Khanh la cac tap set am ho va set than
trong Oligocen va Miocen di co kha nang
sinh ca dau va kh. Trong o, khu vc
trung sau Phu Khanh tang sinh Oligocen
va Miocen di a nam trong ngng tao
kh. Vi he thong dau kh thuan li, ton tai
nhieu loai play dau kh quan trong: play
Oligocen, play Miocen, carbonat Miocen,
mong phong hoa - nt ne trc e Tam va
basalt can mong. Nh vay, be Phu Khanh
c anh gia la be co tiem nang dau kh.
Ngoai ra, phan cc ong cua be Phu
Khanh vi mc nc sau tren 1.000 m cung
vi cac cot kh bieu hien tren cac lat cat a
chan cho thay co kha nang ton tai cac lp
hydrat metan - mot nguon nhien lieu c
coi la co gia tr cao tiep sau ky nguyen dau
kh kinh ien.
Tom lai be Phu Khanh tuy en nay mi
ch nghien cu giai oan s bo nhng
c anh gia la rat co tiem nang, can c
au t tiep tuc tham do trong thi gian ti.
Trc mat co the chon cac bay cau tao
vung nc sau khong qua 200m tren cac
khoi nang a phng va sau o, vi s phat
trien nhanh cua cong nghe can tien hanh
nghien cu, tham do vung nc sau en
1000m nham xac nh c tiem nang dau
kh cua be. Vi v tr a ly gan b, gan cac
nha may che bien ang trong giai oan xay
dng, neu dau kh c tm thay va khai
thac th be Phu Khanh se rat co u the vi
nhng th trng tieu thu rong ln mien
Trung va mien Bac cung nh ong Nam
Bo, nhng ni ma cong cuoc phat trien kinh
te ang ha hen vi toc o cao.
Be Phu Kha nh
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Play 1 Play 2+3 Play 4
T
r
.

t
a
n

q
u
y

d
a
u
Hnh 8.19. Phan bo tr lng va tiem nang dau kh
theo play (so lieu theo VITRA)
259
Chng 8. Be Phu Khanh va tai nguyen dau kh
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