13 Chuong9

Chng
Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh
Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh
1. Gii thieu Be tram tch Cu Long nam chu yeu tren them luc a pha Nam Viet Nam va mot phan at lien thuoc khu vc ca song Cu Long. Be co hnh bau duc, vong ra ve pha bien va nam doc theo b bien Vung Tau - Bnh Thuan. Be Cu Long c xem la be tram tch khep kn ien hnh cua Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, neu tnh theo ng ang day tram tch 1.000 m th be co xu hng m ve pha B, pha Bien ong hien tai. Be Cu Long tiep giap vi at lien ve pha Tay Bac, ngan cach vi be Nam Con Sn (NCS) bi i nang Con Sn, pha Tay Nam la i nang Khorat - Natuna va pha ong Bac la i cat trt Tuy Hoa ngan cach vi be Phu Khanh. Be co dien tch khoang 36.000 km2, bao gom cac lo: 9, 15, 16, 17 va mot phan cua cac lo: 1, 2, 25 va 31. Be c boi lap chu yeu bi tram tch luc nguyen e Tam, chieu day ln nhat cua chung tai trung tam be co the at ti 7-8 km (Hnh 9.1). Cong tac khao sat a vat ly tai be Cu Long a c tien hanh t thap nien 70. en nam 1975 tai gieng khoan sau tm kiem au tien BH-1X a phat hien c dong dau cong nghiep au tien trong cat ket Miocen di. Ke t o cong tac tham do a chat dau kh a c Tong cuc Dau kh Viet Nam (nay la Tong cong ty Dau
265
kh Viet Nam) quan tam, trien khai mot cach manh me, ac biet t khi thanh lap X nghiep Lien doanh Vietsovpetro (VSP), nam 1981. Hau het cac lo a chia co chieu day tram tch t khoang 2.000 m tr len eu a va ang c tham do va khai thac bi cac cong ty dau theo cac dang hp ong ky vi nc chu nha nh: lien doanh (VSP), phan chia san pham (JVPC, Petronas CARIGALI Vietnam, Conoco) hay cung ieu hanh (Cu Long, Hoang Long, Hoan Vu, Lam Sn, VRJ). en nay be Cu Long c xem la mot be cha dau ln nhat them luc a Viet Nam vi cac mo ang c khai thac nh: Bach Ho, Rong, Rang ong, Hong Ngoc, S T en va nhieu mo khac ang c tham lng chuan b phat trien nh: S T Vang, S T Trang, Emerald... 2. Lch s nghien cu, tm kiem, tham do va khai thac dau kh Lch s tm kiem tham do dau kh be Cu Long gan lien vi lch s tm kiem tham do dau kh cua them luc a Nam Viet Nam. Can c vao quy mo, moc lch s va ket qua tham do, lch s tm kiem tham do dau kh cua be Cu Long c chia ra thanh 4 giai oan:
a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam
Hnh 9.1. V tr be Cu Long
2.1. Giai oan trc nam 1975 ay la thi ky khao sat a vat ly khu vc nh t, trong lc va a chan e phan chia cac lo, chuan b cho cong tac au thau, ky hp ong dau kh. Nam 1967 US Navy Oceanographic Office a tien hanh khao sat t hang khong gan khap lanh tho Mien Nam. Nam 1967-1968 hai tau Ruth va Maria cua Alpine Geophysical Corporation a tien hanh o 19500 km tuyen a chan pha Nam Bien ong trong o co tuyen cat qua be Cu Long. Nam 1969 Cong ty Ray Geophysical Mandrel a tien hanh o a vat ly bien bang tau N.V.Robray I vung them luc a Mien Nam va vung pha Nam cua Bien ong vi tong so 3482km tuyen trong o
266
co tuyen cat qua be Cu Long. Trong nam 1969 US Navy Oceanographic cung tien hanh o song song 20.000 km tuyen a chan bang 2 tau R/V E.V Hunt vnh Thai Lan va pha Nam Bien ong trong o co tuyen cat qua be Cu Long. au nam 1970, cong ty Ray Geophysical Mandrel lai tien hanh o t hai Nam Bien ong va doc b bien 8.639 km, am bao mang li c 30 km x 50 km, ket hp gia cac phng phap t, trong lc va hang khong trong o co tuyen cat qua be Cu Long. Nam 1973-1974 a au thau tren 11 lo, trong o co 3 lo thuoc be Cu Long la 09, 15 va 16. Nam 1974, cong ty Mobil trung thau
tren lo 09 a tien hanh khao sat a vat ly, chu yeu la a chan phan xa, co t va trong lc vi khoi lng la 3.000 km tuyen. Vao cuoi nam 1974 va au nam 1975 Cong ty Mobil a khoan gieng khoan tm kiem au tien trong be Cu Long, BH-1X phan nh cua cau tao Bach Ho. Ket qua th va oi tng cat ket Miocen di chieu sau 2.755-2.819m a cho dong dau cong nghiep, lu lng dau at 342m3/ngay [36]. Ket qua nay a khang nh trien vong va tiem nang dau kh cua be Cu Long. 2.2. Giai oan 1975-1979 Nam 1976, Cong ty a vat ly CGG cua Phap khao sat 1.210,9 km theo cac con song cua ong bang song Cu Long va vung ven bien Vung Tau-Con Sn. Ket qua cua cong tac khao sat a chan a xay dng c cac tang phan xa chnh: t CL20 en CL80 va khang nh s ton tai cua be Cu Long vi mot mat cat tram tch e Tam day. Nam 1978 cong ty Geco (Na Uy) thu no a chan 2D tren lo 10, 09, 16, 19, 20, 21 vi tong so 11.898,5 km va lam chi tiet tren cau tao Bach Ho vi mang li tuyen 2x2 va 1x1 km. Rieng oi vi lo 15, cong ty Deminex a hp ong vi Geco khao sat 3.221,7 km tuyen a chan vi mang li 3,5 x 3,5 km tren lo 15 va cau tao Cu Long (nay la Rang ong). Can c vao ket qua minh giai tai lieu a chan nay Deminex a khoan 4 gieng khoan tm kiem tren cac cau tao trien vong nhat Tra Tan (15-A1X), Song Ba (15-B-1X), Cu Long (15C-1X) va ong Nai (15-G-1X). Ket qua khoan cac gieng nay eu gap cac bieu hien dau kh trong cat ket tuoi Miocen sm va Oligocen, nhng dong khong co y ngha
267
cong nghiep. 2.3. Giai oan 1980 en 1988 Cong tac tm kiem, tham do dau kh them luc a Nam Viet Nam trong giai oan nay c trien khai rong khap, nhng tap trung chu yeu vao mot n v, o la X nghiep lien doanh Vietsovpetro. Nam 1980 tau nghien cu POISK a tien hanh khao sat 4.057 km tuyen a chan MOB - iem sau chung, t va 3.250 km tuyen trong lc. Ket qua cua t khao sat nay a phan chia ra c tap a chan B (CL4-1, CL4-2), C (CL5-1), D (CL5-2), E (CL5-3) va F (CL62), a xay dng c mot so s o cau tao d thng t va trong lc Bouguer. Nam 1981 tau nghien cu Iskatel a tien hanh khao sat a vat ly vi mang li 2x2,2 - 3x2-3 km a chan MOB-OT-48, trong lc, t pham vi lo 09 , 15 va 16 vi tong so 2.248 km. Nam 1983-1984 tau vien s Gamburxev a tien hanh khao sat 4.000 km tuyen a chan e nghien cu phan sau nhat cua be Cu Long. Trong thi gian nay XNLD Vietsovpetro a khoan 4 gieng tren cac cau tao Bach Ho va Rong: R-1X, BH-3X, BH-4X, BH-5X va T-1X tren cau tao Tam ao. Tr T-1X tat ca 4 gieng con lai eu phat hien va dau cong nghiep t cac va cat ket Miocen di va Oligocen (BH-4X). Cuoi giai oan 1980 - 1988 c anh dau bang viec Vietsovpetro a khai thac nhng tan dau t 2 oi tng khai thac Miocen, Oligocen di cua mo Bach Ho vao nam 1986 va phat hien ra dau trong a mong granit nt ne vao thang 9 nam 1988.
2.4. Giai oan 1989 en nay ay la giai oan phat trien manh me nhat cong tac tm kiem, tham do va khai thac dau kh be Cu Long. Vi s ra i cua Luat au t nc ngoai va Luat Dau Kh, hang loat cac cong ty dau nc ngoai a ky hp ong phan chia san pham hoac cung au t vao cac lo m va co trien vong tai be Cu Long. en cuoi nam 2003 a co 9 hp ong tm kiem tham do c ky ket tren cac lo: 09-1, 09-2, 09-3, 01&02, 01&02/96, 15-1, 15-2, 16-1, 16-2, 17. Trien khai cac hp ong a ky ve cong tac khao sat a vat ly tham do, cac cong ty dau kh a ky hp ong vi cac cong ty dch vu khao sat a chan co nhieu kinh nghiem tren the gii nh: CGG, Geco-Prakla, Western Geophysical Company, PGS v.v. Hau het cac lo trong be a c khao sat a chan t m khong ch phuc vu cho cong tac tham do ma ca cho cong tac chnh xac mo hnh va cha. Khoi lng khao sat a chan trong giai oan nay, 2D la 21.408 km va 3D la 7.340,6 km2. Khao sat a chan 3D c tien hanh tren hau het cac dien tch co trien vong va tren tat ca cac vung mo a phat hien. Trong lnh vc x ly tai lieu a chan 3D co nhng tien bo ro ret khi ap dung quy trnh x ly dch chuyen thi gian va o sau trc cong (PSTM, PSDM). Cho en het nam 2003 tong so gieng khoan tham do, tham lng va khai thac a khoan be Cu Long khoang 300 gieng, trong o rieng Vietsovpetro chiem tren 70%. Bang ket qua khoan nhieu phat hien dau kh a c xac nh: Rang ong (lo 15.2), S T en, S T Vang, S T Trang
268
(lo 15.1), Topaz North, Diamond, Pearl, Emerald (lo 01), Ca Ng Vang (lo 09.2), Voi Trang (lo 16.1), ong Rong, ong Nam Rong (lo 09-1). Trong so phat hien nay co 5 mo dau: Bach Ho, Rong (bao gom ca ong Rong va ong Nam Rong), Rang ong, S T en, Hong Ngoc hien ang c khai thac, vi tong san lng khoang 45.000 tan/ngay. Tong lng dau a thu hoi t 5 mo t khi a vao khai thac cho en au nam 2005 khoang 170 trieu tan. 3. Cac yeu to cau truc va lch s phat trien a chat 3.1. Cac yeu to cau truc Viec phan chia cac n v cau tao c da tren ac iem cau truc a chat cua tng khu vc vi s khac biet ve chieu day tram tch va thng c gii han bi nhng t gay hoac he thong t gay co bien o ang ke. Neu coi Be Cu Long la n v cau truc bac 1 th cau truc bac 2 cua be bao gom cac n v cau tao sau: trung phan d Bac Lieu; trung phan d Ca Coi; i nang Cu Long; i nang Phu Quy (phan lun chm keo dai khoi nang Con Sn) va trung chnh be Cu Long. Ranh gii phan chia cac n v cau tao c the hien tren hnh 9.2. Trung phan d Bac Lieu la mot trung nho nam phan cuoi Tay Nam cua be Cu Long vi dien tch khoang 3600 km2. Gan mot na dien tch cua trung thuoc lo 31, phan con lai thuoc phan nc nong va at lien. Trung co chieu day tram tch e Tam khong ln khoang 3km va b chia cat bi cac t gay thuan co phng TB-N. Trong trung co kha nang bat gap tram tch nh trong trung phan d Ca Coi.
Hnh 9.2. S o phan vung kien tao Be Cu Long
Trung phan d Ca Coi nam chu yeu khu vc ca song Hau co dien tch rat nho va chieu day tram tch khong ln, tren di 2000 m. Tai ay a khoan gieng khoan CL1X va m ra he tang Ca Coi. Trung b phan cat bi cac t gay kien tao co phng BTN, gan nh vuong goc vi phng cua t gay trong trung phan d Bac Lieu. i nang Cu Long nam ve pha ong cua trung phan d Bac Lieu va Ca Coi, phan tach 2 trung nay vi trung chnh cua be Cu Long. i nang co chieu day tram tch khong ang ke, chu yeu la tram tch he tang ong Nai va Bien ong. i nang khong co tien e, dau hieu dau kh v vay a khong c nghien cu chi tiet va khong xac nh s phat trien cac t gay kien tao. Cac n v cau truc va neu c xem la rat t hoac khong co trien vong dau kh, v vay chung t khi c e cap en trong cac cong trnh nghien cu va oi khi khong
269
c xem nh mot n v cau thanh cua be Cu Long. i nang Phu Quy c xem nh phan keo dai cua i nang Con Sn ve pha ong Bac, thuoc lo 01 va 02. ay la i nang co, co vai tro khep kn va phan tach be Cu Long vi phan pha Bac cua be Nam Con Sn. Tuy nhien, vao giai oan Neogen - e T th dien tch nay lai thuoc phan m cua be Cu Long. Chieu day tram tch thuoc khu vc i nang nay dao ong t 1.5 en 2 km. Cau truc cua i b anh hng kha manh bi hoat ong nui la, ke ca nui la tre. Trung chnh be Cu Long. ay la phan lun chm chnh cua be, chiem ti 3/4dien tch be, gom cac lo 15, 16 va mot phan cac lo 01, 02, 09, 17. Theo ng ang day 2 km th Trung chnh be Cu Long the hien ro net la mot be khep kn co dang trang khuyet vi vong cung hng ra ve pha ong Nam. Toan bo trien vong dau kh
Hnh 9.3. Mat cat ngang trung chnh be Cu Long
eu tap trung trung nay. V vay, cau truc cua trung c nghien cu kha chi tiet va c phan chia ra thanh cac n v cau truc nho hn nh mot be oc lap thc thu. Cac n v cau tao bac 3 gom: trung ong Bac; trung Tay Bach Ho; trung ong Bach Ho; sn nghieng Tay Bac; sn nghieng ong Nam; i nang Trung Tam; i nang pha Bac; i nang pha ong; i phan d ong Bac; i phan d Tay Nam (Hnh 9.3). Sn nghieng Tay Bac la dai sn b Tay Bac cua be keo dai theo hng BTN, chieu day tram tch tang dan ve pha Tay Nam t 1 en 2.5 km. Sn nghieng b cat xe bi cac t gay kien tao co hng B-TN hoacTB-N, tao thanh cac mui nho. Tram tch e Tam cua be thng co xu hng vat nhon va ga ay len mong co granitoid trc Kainozoi. Sn nghieng ong Nam la dai sn b ong Nam cua be, tiep giap vi i nang Con Sn. Tram tch cua i nay co xu hng vat nhon va ga ay vi chieu day dao ong t 1 en 2.5 km. Sn nghieng nay cung b phc tap bi cac t gay kien
270
tao co phng B-TN va a v tuyen tao nen cac cau tao a phng nh cau tao Amethyst, Ca Ong oi, Opal, Soi. Trung ong Bac, ay la trung sau nhat, chieu day tram tch co the at ti 8 km. Trung co phng keo dai doc theo truc chnh cua be, nam kep gia hai i nang va chu khong che bi he thong cac t gay chnh hng B-TN. Trung Tay Bach Ho. Trong mot so tai lieu trung nay c ghep chung vi trung ong Bac. Tuy nhien, ve ac thu kien tao gia 2 trung co s khac biet ang ke ac biet la phng cua cac t gay chnh. Trung Tay Bach Ho b khong che bi cac t gay kien tao co phng a v tuyen, tao s gap khuc cua be. Chieu day tram tch cua trung nay co the at ti 7.5 km. Trung ong Bach Ho nam kep gia i nang Trung Tam ve pha Tay, sn nghieng ong Nam ve pha -N va i nang ong Bac ve pha Bac. Trung co chieu day tram tch at ti 7 km va la mot trong ba trung tam tach gian cua be. i nang Trung Tam la i nang nam
Hnh 9.4. Ban o cau truc mat mong Be Cu Long
kep gia hai trung ong va Tay Bach Ho va c gii han bi cac t gay co bien o ln vi hng o chu yeu ve pha ong Nam. i nang bao gom cac cau tao dng va co lien quan en nhng khoi nang co cua mong trc Kainozoi nh: Bach Ho, Rong. Cac cau tao b chi phoi khong ch bi cac t thuan hnh thanh trong qua trnh tach gian, ma con bi cac t gay trt bang va chm nghch do anh hng cua s siet ep vao Oligocen muon. i nang pha Tay Bac nam ve pha Tay Bac trung ong Bac va c khong che bi cac t gay chnh phng B-TN.
271
Ve pha TB i nang b ngan cach vi Sn nghieng Tay Bac bi mot a hao nho co chieu day tram tch khoang 6 km. i nang bao gom cau tao Vng ong va dai nang keo dai ve pha ong Bac. i nang pha ong chay dai theo hng B-TN, pha TB ngan cach vi trung B bi he thong nhng t gay co phng a v tuyen va B-TN, pha N ngan cach vi i phan d ong Bac bi vong nho, xem nh phan keo dai cua trung ong Bach Ho ve pha B. Tren i nang a phat hien c cac cau tao dng nh: Rang ong, Phng ong va Jade.
Hnh 9.5. Ban o cau truc trong Oligocen tren - CL52 Be Cu Long
i phan d ong Bac (phan au ong Bac cua be) nam kep gia i nang ong Phu Quy va Sn nghieng Tay Bac. ay la khu vc co chieu day tram tch trung bnh va b phan d manh bi cac he thong t gay co ng phng TB-N, a kinh tuyen va a v tuyen tao thanh nhieu a hao, a luy nho (theo be mat mong). Mot so cac cau tao dng a phng a xac nh nh: Hong Ngoc, Pearl, Turquoise, Diamond, Agate. i phan d Tay Nam nam ve au Tay Nam cua trung chnh. Khac vi i phan d B, i nay b phan d manh bi he thong nhng t gay vi ng phng chu yeu la a v tuyen tao thanh nhng a hao, a luy, hoac ban a hao, ban a luy xen ke nhau. Nhng cau tao co quy mo ln trong i nay phai ke en: u u, Tam ao, Ba en va Ba V.
272
Cac cau tao a phng dng bac 4 la oi tng tm kiem va tham do dau kh chnh cua be. 3.2. Lch s phat trien a chat Nh a neu trong chng 5, be tram tch Cu Long la be rift noi luc ien hnh. Be c hnh thanh va phat trien tren mat a ket tinh trc Kainozoi (thng c goi la mat mong). ac iem cau truc cua be the hien tren ban o cau truc mat mong - CL80 (Hnh 9.4). Cac ban o cau truc mat khong chnh hp trong Oligocen tren - CL52 (Hnh 9.5), noc Oligocen - CL50 (Hnh 9.6) va noc Miocen di - CL40 (Hnh 9.7), co the thay ro qua trnh phat trien be. Thi ky trc tao rift. Trc e Tam, ac biet t Jura muon en Paleocen la thi gian thanh tao va nang cao a mong magma xam nhap (cac thanh tao nam di
Hnh 9.6. Ban o cau truc noc Oligocen - CL50 Be Cu Long
Hnh 9.7. Ban o cau truc noc Mioocen di- CL40 Be Cu Long
273
cac tram tch Kainozoi be Cu Long). Cac a nay gap rat pho bien hau khap luc a Nam Viet Nam. Thanh phan cua a mong ket tinh be Cu Long c mo ta trong muc 4 cua chng nay. Do anh hng cua qua trnh va mang An o vao mang Au-A va hnh thanh i hut chm doc cung Sunda (50-43.5 trieu nam). Cac thanh tao a xam nhap, phun trao Mesozoi muon-Kainozoi sm va tram tch co trc o a trai qua thi k dai boc mon, giap v khoi tang, cang gian khu vc hng TB-N. S phat trien cac ai mach ln, keo dai co hng ong bac - tay nam thuoc phc he Cu Mong va Phan Rang tuoi tuyet oi 60-30 tr.n a minh chng cho ieu o. ay la giai oan san bang a hnh trc khi hnh thanh be tram tch Cu Long. a hnh be mat boc mon cua mong ket tinh trong pham vi khu vc be luc nay khong hoan toan bang phang, co s an xen gia cac thung lung va oi, nui thap. Chnh hnh thai a hnh mat mong nay ong vai tro kha quan trong trong viec phat trien tram tch lp phu ke tha vao cuoi Eocen, au Oligocen. Thi ky ong tao rift. c khi au vao cuoi Eocen, au Oligocen do tac ong cua cac bien co kien tao va neu vi hng cang gian chnh la TB-N. Hang loat t gay hng B-TN a c sinh thanh do sut lun manh va cang gian. Cac t gay chnh la nhng t gay dang gau xuc, cam ve N. Con cac t gay hng BTN lai do tac ong bi cac bien co kien tao khac. Nh a neu trong chng 4, vao au Kainozoi do s va manh goc hoi tu Tay Tang gia cac mang An o va Au-A lam vi mang Indosinia b thuc troi xuong
274
ong Nam theo cac t gay trt bang ln nh t gay Song Hong, Song Hau-Three Pagoda [25, 26], vi xu the trt trai pha Bac va trt phai pha Nam tao nen cac trung e Tam tren cac i khau ven ra, trong o co be Cu Long. Ket qua la a hnh thanh cac he thong t gay khac co hng gan B-TN. Nh vay, trong be Cu Long ben canh hng B-TN con co cac he t gay co hng can ke chung. Trong Oligocen gian ay bien theo hng B-N tao Bien ong bat au t 32tr. nam. Truc gian ay bien phat trien lan dan xuong TN va oi hng t -T sang BTN vao cuoi Oligocen. Cac qua trnh nay a gia tang cac hoat ong tach gian va t gay be Cu Long trong Oligocen va nen ep vao cuoi Oligocen. Do cac hoat ong kien tao neu tren, be Cu Long cac t gay chnh ien hnh la cac t gay dang gau xuc, phng B - TN cam ve N, mot so co hng - T, nhieu ban a hao, a hao cung hng phat trien theo cac t gay c hnh thanh. Cac ban a hao, a hao nay c lap ay nhanh bang cac tram tch vun tho, phun trao chu yeu thanh phan baz - trung tnh va tram tch trc nui. Trong thi gian au tao be co le do chuyen ong sut lun khoi tang, phan d nen tai cac i trung khac nhau co the co cac thi k gian oan, bao mon tram tch khac nhau. Do khu vc tch tu tram tch va cung cap tram tch nam ke can nhau nen thanh phan tram tch cac i trung khac nhau co the khac biet nhau. ac iem phat trien cac be mat khong chnh hp thi k nay mang tnh a phng cao va can c lu y khi tien hanh lien ket, oi sanh thach a tang. Vao Oligocen sm, bao quanh va
nam ga len cac khoi nho mong ket tinh pho bien la tram tch nguon luc a - song ngoi va am ho, vi cac tap set day en mot vai chuc met (nh tren cau tao S T Trang va canh ong Bac mo Bach Ho). Qua trnh tach gian tiep tuc phat trien lam cho be lun chm sau, rong hn. Cac ho, trung trc nui trc o c m rong, sau dan va lien thong nhau va co che o tram tch kha ong nhat. Cac tang tram tch ho day, phan bo rong c xep vao he tang Tra Tan c thanh tao, ma chu yeu la set giau vat chat hu c mau nau, nau en ti en. Cac ho phat trien trong cac a hao rieng biet c lien thong nhau, m rong dan va co hng phat trien keo dai theo phng B-TN, ay cung la phng phat trien u the cua he thong t gay m be. Cac tram tch thuoc tang Tra Tan di co dien phan bo hep, thng vang mat phan ra be, phan ke vi cac khoi cao a luy va co dang nem ien hnh, chung phat trien doc theo cac t gay vi be day thay oi nhanh. Cac tram tch giau set cua tang Tra Tan gia c tch tu sau o, phan bo rong hn, bao phu tren hau khap cac khoi cao trong be va cac vung can ra be. Hoat ong ep nen vao cuoi Oligocen muon a ay troi cac khoi mong sau, gay nghch ao trong tram tch Oligocen trung tam cac i trung chnh, lam tai hoat ong cac t gay thuan chnh dang ep chm, trt bang va tao nen cac cau truc troi, cac cau tao dng/am hnh hoa, phat sinh cac t gay nghch mot so ni nh tren cau tao Rang ong, pha Tay cau tao Bach Ho va mot so khu vc mo Rong. ong thi xay ra hien tng bao mon va vat mong manh cac tram tch thuoc tang Tra Tan tren
275
[18]. Cac nep uon trong tram tch Oligocen be Cu Long c hnh thanh vi bon c che chnh: 1. Nep uon gan vi t gay cang gian phat trien canh sut cua cac t gay chnh va thng thay ra cac i trung. 2. Phu chm cua tram tch Oligocen len tren cac khoi mong cao. ay la ac iem pho bien nhat be Cu Long, cac cau tao Rang ong, Hong Ngoc, S T en, S T Vang va Bach Ho, Rong va v.v... eu thuoc kieu nay. 3. Cac cau tao hnh hoa c thanh tao vao Oligocen muon va ch c phat hien trong cac a hao chnh (cau tao Gio ong, Song Ba (15B) va v.v.). 4. Cac nep loi, ban loi gan vi nghch ao tram tch c thanh tao vao cuoi Oligocen, c phat hien pha Bac trung Trung tam. S ket thuc hoat ong cua phan ln cac t gay va khong chnh hp goc rong ln noc tram tch Oligocen a anh dau s ket thuc thi ky ong tao rift. Thi ky sau tao rift. Vao Miocen sm, qua trnh gian ay Bien ong theo phng TB-N a yeu i va nhanh chong ket thuc vao cuoi Miocen sm (17tr. nam), tiep theo la qua trnh nguoi lanh vo. Trong thi k au Miocen sm cac hoat ong t gay van con xay ra yeu va ch cham dt hoan toan t Miocen gia - Hien tai. Cac tram tch cua thi k sau rift co ac iem chung la: phan bo rong, khong b bien v, uon nep va gan nh nam ngang. Tuy nhien, be Cu Long cac qua trnh nay van gay ra cac hoat ong tai cang gian yeu, lun chm t t trong Miocen sm va
hoat ong nui la mot so ni, ac biet phan ong Bac be. Vao cuoi Miocen sm tren phan ln dien tch be, noc tram tch Miocen di - he tang Bach Ho c anh dau bang bien co chm sau be vi s thanh tao tang set Rotalid bien nong rong khap va tao nen tang anh dau a tang va tang chan khu vc kha tot cho toan be. Cuoi Miocen sm toan be trai qua qua trnh nang khu vc va boc mon yeu, bang chng la tang set Rotalid ch b bao mon tng phan va van duy tr tnh phan bo khu vc cua no. Vao Miocen gia, lun chm nhiet tiep tuc gia tang va bien a co anh hng rong ln en hau het cac vung quanh Bien ong. Cuoi thi ky nay co mot pha nang len, dan en s tai thiet lap ieu kien moi trng song phan Tay Nam be con phan ong, ong Bac be ieu kien ven b van tiep tuc c duy tr [24]. Miocen muon c anh dau bang s lun chm manh Bien ong va phan ra cua no, khi au qua trnh thanh tao them luc a hien ai ong Viet Nam [24]. Nui la hoat ong tch cc phan ong Bac be Cu Long, Nam Con Sn va phan at lien Nam Viet Nam. T Miocen muon be Cu Long a hoan toan thong vi be Nam Con Sn va he thong song Cu Long, song ong Nai tr thanh nguon cung cap tram tch cho ca hai be. Cac tram tch hat tho c tch tu trong moi trng ven b phan Nam be va trong moi trng bien nong trong phan ong Bac be. Pliocen la thi gian bien tien rong ln va co le ay la lan au tien toan bo vung Bien ong hien tai nam di mc nc bien. Cac tram tch hat mn hn c van
276
chuyen vao vung be Cu Long va xa hn tch tu vao vung be Nam Con Sn trong ieu kien nc sau hn. 4. a tang va thach hoc Theo tai lieu khoan, a tang c m ra cua be Cu Long gom a mong co Trc Kainozoi va tram tch lp phu Kainozoi. ac trng thach hoc - tram tch, hoa thach cua moi phan v a tang c the hien tom tat tren cot a tang tong hp cua be (Hnh 9.8). e thuan tien cho cong tac tm kiem, tham do va khai thac dau kh cac phan v a tang c oi sanh vi cac tap a chan. Cac mat phan xa a chan eu trung vi cac ranh gii cua cac phan v a tang (Hnh 9.9). 4.1. Mong Trc Kainozoi be Cu Long cho en nay a khoan hang tram gieng khoan sau vao mong trc Kainozoi tai nhieu v tr khac nhau tren toan be. Ve mat thach hoc a mong co the xep thanh 2 nhom chnh: granit va granodiorit diorit, ngoai ra con gap a bien chat va cac thanh tao nui la. So sanh ket qua nghien cu cac phc he magma xam nhap tren at lien vi a mong ket tinh ngoai khi be Cu Long, theo ac trng thach hoc va tuoi tuyet oi co the xep tng ng vi 3 phc he: Hon Khoai, nh Quan va Ca Na [33] . Phc he Hon Khoai co the c xem la phc he a magma co nhat trong mong cua be Cu Long, phc he co tuoi Trias muon, tng ng khoang 195 en 250 tr. nam. Theo tai lieu a chat Viet Nam, tap II cac thanh tao magma [5] th granitoid Hon Khoai c ghep chung vi cac thanh
D i i Trn D
Cl1 (A)
Trn
Cl2 (BIII)
Cl3 (BII)
Cl4-1 (BI)
Di i D
Cl4-2 (BI)
Cl5-1 (c)
Trn
Cl5-2 (d)
Cl5-3 (e)
Cl6-1 (e1)
D D ii
Cl6-2 (F1)
Cl7
Cl8 (m)
Hnh 9.8. Cot a tang tong hp be Cu Long
277
Hnh 9.9. Mat cat a chan doc khoi nang Trung tam - mo Rong va Bach Ho
tao magma xam nhap phc he Ankroetnh Quan gom chu yeu la amphybolbiotit-diorit, monzonit va adamelit. a b bien oi, ca nat manh. Phan ln cac khe nt a b lap ay bi khoang vat th sinh: calcit-epidot-zeolit (Hnh 9.10a, b). a co the phan bo chu yeu phan canh cua cac khoi nang mong, nh canh pha ong Bac mo Bach Ho. Phc he nh Quan gap kha pho bien nhieu cau tao Bach Ho (vom Bac), Ba V, Tam ao va Soi. cac mo Hong Ngoc, Rang ong, S T en va S T Vang ( pha Bac be), chu yeu la a granodiorit, oi cho gap monzonit-biotit-thach anh a sac. a thuoc loai kiem voi, co thanh phan axit va phai SiO2 dao ong 63-67%. Cac thanh giap v va bien oi cao. Hau het cac khe nt eu c lap ay bi cac khoang vat
278
th sinh: calcit, zeolit, thach anh va clorit. Trong i bien oi manh biotit thng b clorit hoa (Hnh 9.11a, b). Phc he nh Quan co tuoi Jura, tuoi tuyet oi dao ong t 130 en 155tr. nam. Phc he Ca Na la phc he magma phat trien va gap pho bien nhat tren toan be Cu Long. Phc he ac trng la granit thuy mica va biotit, thuoc loai Natri-Kali, d nhom (Al=2.98%), Si (~69%) va t Ca (Hnh 9.12a, b). a co tuoi tuyet oi khoang 90-100 tr. nam, thuoc Jura muon. Cac khoi granitoid phc he magma xam nhap nay thanh tao ong tao nui va phan bo doc theo hng truc cua be. a b dap v, nhng mc o bien oi th sinh yeu hn so vi hai phc he va neu. Trong mat cat a magma xam nhap a biet thng gap cac ai mach co thanh phan thach hoc khac nhau t axit en trung
tao cua phc he xam nhap nay co mc o
(a)
(b)
Hnh 9.10a,b. Anh mau loi (a) va lat mong (b) granodiorit Hon Khoai tai o sau 4.236 m GK BH17
tnh - baz , baz va thach anh (Hnh 9.13). Tai mot so ni, nh khu vc mo Rong con gap a bien chat nhiet ong kieu paragneis hoac orthogneis. Cac a nay thng co mc o giap v va bien oi kem hn so vi a xam nhap. 4.2. Tram tch Kainozoi Nam bat chnh hp tren mat a mong
ket tinh bao mon va phong hoa la thanh tao Kainozoi hoac nui la. a tang c mo ta t di len, ngha la t co en tre va c trnh bay trong cac cong trnh khoa hoc a cong bo [4, 5, 6] va trong chng 6. PALEOGEN Eocen He tang Ca Coi (E2 cc)
(a)
(b)
Hnh 9.11a,b. Anh a diorit nh Quan mau loi GK BH1201, o sau 4.014m (a) va mau lat mong GK BH11 (b) tai o sau 5.387.4m
(a)
(b)
Hnh 9.12a,b. Granit biotit Ca Na mau loi GK BH1113, o sau 3.886,4m (a) va mau lat mong granit 2 mica GK BH448 (b) tai o sau 4.307,1m 279
Hnh 9.13. Anh a andesit diabas porphyrit trong GK R14 tai o sau 2.803m
Hnh 9.14. Cat ket tap c s cua Oligocen di GK R8, o sau 3.520,4m
He tang nay c phat hien tai gieng khoan CL-1X tren at lien, nhng cha c nghien cu ay u nhng phan chm sau cua be, ni ma chung co the ton tai. He tang ac trng bi tram tch vun tho: cuoi san ket, cat ket a khoang, xen cac lp mong bot ket va set ket hydromica-cloritsericit. Tram tch co mau nau o, o tm, tm luc sac s vi o chon loc rat kem, ac trng kieu molas lu tch luc a thuoc cac trung trc nui Creta-Paleocen-Eocen. Cac bao t phan phat hien c trong mat cat nay nh: Klukisporires,Triporopollenites,T rudopollis, Plicapolis, Jussiena, v.v. thuoc nhom thc vat kho can thng pho bien trong Eocen. Mat cat cua he tang c xep tng ng vi tap CL7 cua tai lieu a chan. Chieu day he tang co the at ti 600m. Oligocen di He tang Tra Cu (E31 tc) He tang Tra Cu a xac lap gieng khoan (GK) Cu Long-1X. Tram tch gom chu yeu la set ket, bot ket va cat ket, co cha cac va than mong va set voi, c tch tu trong ieu kien song ho. oi khi gap cac a nui la, thanh phan chu yeu la porphyr diabas, tuf basalt, va gabro-diabas. Chieu day cua he tang tai
280
phan trung sau, phan sn cac khoi nang Trung tam nh Bach Ho, Rong va S T Trang co the at ti 500 m. Lien ket vi tai lieu a chan th he tang nam gia mat phan xa a chan (mat khong chnh hp goc) CL60 va CL70, thng la mat phan xa mong ket tinh CL80, thuoc tap a chan CL6. Tuoi cua he tang theo phc he bao t phan (Oculopollis, Magnastriatites) c xac nh la Paleogen, Oligocen sm. Theo ac trng tng a he tang c chia thanh 2 phan: tren va di. Phan tren chu yeu la cac thanh tao mn con phan di la thanh tao tho. Gia 2 phan la ranh gii chnh hp tng ng vi mat phan xa a chan CL61. He tang Tra Cu co tiem nang cha va sinh dau kh kha cao [9]. Cac va cat ket cua he tang la cac va cha dau kh chu yeu tren mo ong Nam Rong, S T Trang va la oi tng khai thac th hai sau mong nt ne tren mo Bach Ho (Hnh 9.14). Chieu day cua he tang dao ong t 0 en 800 m. Oligocen tren He tang Tra Tan (E33 tt) He tang Tra Tan c xac lap GK 15A-1X.
a cua he tang Tra Tan oi cho nam bat chnh hp tren he tang Tra Cu. Mat cat he tang co the chia thanh ba phan khac biet nhau ve thach hoc. Phan tren gom chu yeu la set ket mau nau - nau am, nau en, rat t set mau o, cat ket va bot ket, ty le cat/set khoang 35-50%. Phan gia gom chu yeu la set ket nau am, nau en, cat ket va bot ket, ty le cat/ set khoang 40- 60% (pho bien khoang 50%), oi ni co xen cac lp mong a voi, than. Phan di gom chu yeu la cat ket hat mn en tho, oi cho san, cuoi ket, xen set ket nau am, nau en, bot ket, ty le cat/set thay oi trong khoang rong t 20-50%. Cac tram tch cua he tang c tch tu chu yeu trong moi trng ong bang song, aluvi - ong bang ven b va ho. Cac thanh tao nui la tm thay nhieu gieng khoan thuoc cac vung Bach Ho, Ba en, Ba V, ac biet khu vc lo 01 thuoc pha Bac i Trung tam vi thanh phan chu yeu la andesit, andesit-basalt, gabrodiabas vi be day t vai met en 100m (Hnh 9.15). Lien ket vi tai lieu a chan cho thay noc he tang Tra Tan tng ng tap a chan CL50 va 3 phan mat cat ng vi ba tap a chan CL5-3 (phan di), CL5-2 (phan gia) va CL5-1 (phan tren). Ranh gii gia cac tap a chan neu tren eu la bat chnh
hp. Theo tai lieu a chan, be day cua tap CL5-3 thay oi t 0 - 2.000m, thng trong khoang 200 - 1.000m; Tap CL5-2 t 0m en hn 1.000m (thng trong khoang 400 - 1.000m); Tap CL5-1 t 0m ti hn 400m (thng trong khoang 200 - 400m). Set ket cua he tang Tra Tan co ham lng va chat lng vat chat hu c cao en rat cao ac biet la tang Tra Tan gia, chung la nhng tang sinh dau kh tot be Cu Long ong thi la tang chan tot cho tang a mong granit nt ne. Tuy tang cat ket nam xen kep co chat lng tham, rong va o lien tuc thay oi t kem en tot, nhng cung la oi tng tm kiem ang lu y be Cu Long. Trong mat cat he tang a gap nhng hoa thach bao t phan: F. Trilobata, Verutricolporites, Cicatricosiporites, xac nh tuoi Oligocen muon, nhng cung co tac gia cho rang cac thanh tao he tang Tra Tan con co ca yeu to Oligocen gia. NEOGEN Miocen di He tang Bach Ho c xac lap gieng khoan BH-1X. He tang Bach Ho co the chia thanh hai phan: Phan tren gom chu yeu la set ket He tang Bach Ho (N11 bh)
(a)
(b)
Hnh 9.15a,b. a Gabro diabas trong GK R8 tai o sau 3215m (a) va lat mong a basalt porphyrit, o sau 3.328,5m, GK R4
281
mau xam, xam xanh xen ke vi cat ket va bot ket, ty le cat, bot ket tang dan xuong di (en 50%). Phan tren cung cua mat cat la tang set ket Rotalid bao phu toan be, chieu day thay oi trong khoang t 50m en 150m. Phan di gom chu yeu la cat ket, bot ket (chiem tren 60%), xen vi cac lp set ket mau xam, vang, o. Cac tram tch cua he tang c tch tu trong moi trng ong bang aluvi - ong bang ven b phan di, chuyen dan len ong bang ven b - bien nong phan tren. a nui la a c phat hien thay nhieu gieng khoan thuoc lo 01 pha Bac be, chu yeu la basalt va tuf basalt, be day t vai chuc met en 250m. He tang Bach Ho co chieu day thay oi t 100 - 1.500m (chu yeu trong khoang t 400 - 1.000m). Cac tram tch cua he tang phu khong chnh hp goc tren cac tram tch cua he tang Tra Tan. Theo lieu a chan th he tang nay thuoc tap a chan CL4-1 va CL4-2, nam kep gia 2 mat phan xa a chan CL40 va CL50. Tang set ket cha Rotalia la tang a chan khu vc tuyet vi cho toan be. Cac va cat xen ke nam trong va ngay di tang set ket Rotalia va phan tren cua pha di mat cat co kha nang tham cha kha tot, chung la oi tng tm kiem quan trong th ba be Cu Long. Dau hien cung ang c khai thac t cac tang cat nay nh mo Hong Ngoc, Rang ong, Bach Ho va sap ti la S T en (Hnh 9.16). Trong mat cat he tang a gap nhng hoa thach bao t phan: F. levipoli, Magnastriatites, Pinuspollenites, Alnipollenites va t vi co sinh Synedra fondaena. ac biet trong phan tren cua mat cat he tang nay, tap set mau xam luc gap
282 Hnh 9.16. Cat ket hat trung cha dau tai GK R8, o sau 2.706,2m
kha pho bien hoa thach ac trng nhom Rotalia: Orbulina universa, Ammonia sp., nen chung c goi la tap set Rotalid . Miocen gia He tang Con Sn (N12 cs) He tang Con Sn c xac lap gieng khoan 15B-1X. He tang Con Sn gom chu yeu cat ket hat tho-trung, bot ket (chiem en 75-80%), xen ke vi cac lp set ket mau xam, nhieu mau day 5-15m, oi ni co lp than mong. Be day he tang thay oi t 250 - 900m. Tram tch cua he tang c thanh tao trong moi trng song (aluvi) pha Tay, am lay - ong bang ven b pha ong, ong Bac. Cac thanh tao cua he tang Con Sn phu khong chnh hp goc yeu tren cac tram tch cua he tang Bach Ho (?). Tram tch cua he tang nam gan nh ngang hoac uon nhe theo cau truc be mat noc he tang Bach Ho, nghieng thoai ve ong va Trung tam be, khong b bien v. Lien ket vi tai lieu a chan mat cat he tang thuoc tap a chan CL3 nam kep gia hai mat phan xa a chan CL30 va CL40. Tuy a hat tho cua he tang co kha nang tham, cha tot, nhng chung lai nam tren tang chan khu vc (set ket Rotalia) nen he tang nay va cac he tang
tre hn cua be xem nh khong co trien vong cha dau kh. Trong mat cat he tang gap pho bien cac bao t phan: F. Meridionalis, Plorschuetzia levipoli, Acrostichum, Compositea... va cac trung lo, rong tao nh he tang Bach Ho. Miocen tren He tang ong Nai c m gieng khoan 15G-1X. Tuoi cua he tang c xac nh theo tap hp phong phu bao t va Nannoplakton: Stenoclaena Palustris Carya, Florschuetzia Meridionalis, ngheo hoa a foraminifera. He tang ong Nai chu yeu la cat hat trung xen ke vi bot va cac lp mong set mau xam hay nhieu mau, oi khi gap cac va carbonat hoac than mong, moi trng tram tch am lay - ong bang ven b phan Tay be, ong bang ven b - bien nong phan ong va Bac be. Be day cua he tang thay oi trong khoang t 500 - 750m. Cac tram tch cua he tang nam gan nh ngang, nghieng thoai ve ong va khong b bien v. Lien ket vi tai lieu a chan th he tang ong Nai nam kep gia 2 tang phan xa a chan CL20 va CL30, tng ng vi tap a chan CL2. Pliocen - e T He tang Bien ong chu yeu la cat hat trung-mn vi t lp mong bun, set mau xam nhat cha phong phu hoa a bien va glauconit thuoc moi trng tram tch bien nong, ven b, mot so ni co gap a carbonat. Chung phan bo va trai eu khap toan be, vi be day kha on nh trong khoang 400 700m. Tram tch cua he tang nam gan nh ngang, nghieng thoai ve ong
283
va khong b bien v. Lien ket vi tai lieu a chan th he tang Bien ong la tng ng vi tap a chan CL1. Trong mat cat cua he tang gap kha pho bien cac hoa a foraminifera: Pseudorotalia, Globorotalia, Dang reu (Bryozoar), Molusca, san ho, rong tao va bao t phan: Dacrydium, Polocarpus imbricatus... 5. Cac tch tu Hydrocarbon en au nam 2005 tren toan be Cu Long a phat hien c tren 20 cau tao co cha dau kh, trong o co 7 phat hien thng mai. Cac phat hien noi tren c the hien tai hnh 9.17. Trong so nhng phat hien nh mo Rong a co s lan lon gia khai niem mo va vung mo: Di goc o a chat cong nghe th mo Rong nh ang goi bao gom 4 mo tng ng vi 4 khu vc: Trung Tam, ong Bac, ong va ong Nam. Nh vay, so lng phat hien cong nghiep se la tren 10. Phan ln cac mo phan bo tren khoi nang Trung Tam va i phan d Pha Bac. Tong so mo hien ang khai thac la 7 vi tr lng dau a khai thac at khoang 170 tr. tan, chiem khoang 35% tong tr lng a phat hien, tng ng vi 15-18% thu hoi d kien. a so nhng phat hien trong be la dau co lng kh hoa tan dao ong trong khoang t 50 en 200m3/m3. Phat hien kh condensat ln nhat la S T Trang. Ngoai ra mot so va kh t do, kh condensat cung a c phat hien tai mo ong Bac Rong. Cac mo dau eu thuoc loai nhieu va, tr mo ong Nam Rong (ch co 1 than dau mong). Cac than khoang nam pho bien trong ca 3 play: Miocen di, Oligocen (Oligocen tren, Oligocen di) va mong
He tang ong Nai (N1 n)

3
He tang Bien ong (N2-Q b)
nt ne trc Kainozoi. Tuy nhien dau trong tang mong van la chu yeu. V du, tai cac mo nh ong Nam Rong, Bach Ho, Rang ong, S T en va S T Vang tr lng dau trong mong chiem t 70% en gan 100% tr lng toan mo. Mo dau Bach Ho la mo co quy mo ln nhat ca ve dien tch cung nh tr lng. ay la mo c phat hien au tien, ac trng ve dau trong tang mong granitoid nt ne cua be Cu Long noi rieng va the gii noi chung. Cho en nay san lng dau khai thac t tang mong tren the gii noi chung la thap, tr mo Bach Ho Viet Nam va mo La Paz Venezuela (Carl O., SCharpl, 2000). Phat hien dau trong mong phong hoa va nt ne chang nhng a lam thay oi c cau oi tng khai thac, ma con lam thay oi quan iem tham do truyen thong va a m ra mot oi tng tm kiem, tham do mi ac biet Viet Nam, cung nh trong khu vc. Tat ca cac phat hien dau kh eu gan vi cac cau tao dng nam trong phan lun chm sau cua be vi chieu day tram tch tren 2.000m tai phan nh. Cac cau tao nay eu co lien quan en s nang cao cua khoi mong, b chon vui trc Oligocen. Xung quanh cac khoi nho mong nay thng nam ga ay la cac tram tch Oligocen day va co the ca Eocen la nhng tang sinh dau chnh cua be. Dau c sinh ra manh me tai cac tang nay vao thi ky cuoi Miocen roi don nap vao bay a c hnh thanh trc o. 5.1. ac iem cac loai dau, kh va condensat Tnh chat ly hoa cua cac loai dau Trong pham vi be Cu Long pho bien la loai dau parafin vi ham lng t 18% en
284
25,3% va ham lng lu huynh rat thap (0,02- 0,15%) thuoc loai dau ngot. Trong cac va dau Miocen va Oligocen tren thng thay ham lng nha tang cao (11-13,4%), asphalten cung cao (1,29-2,62%). Ty trong thuoc loai trung bnh va nang =0,86-0,92 g/cm3. Trong cac va dau Oligocen di va mong nha thng t hn (6,5-8,6%) va t asphalten hn (0,65-1,28%), ty trong thng nho thuoc loai dau nhe (= 0,82 0,83 g/cm3). Trong cac va dau Miocen di, Oligocen tren ham lng lu huynh tuy thap, song van cao hn so vi cac va dau Oligocen di va mong. Ngc lai, ty so HC saturat/HC aromat lai thap ch at 7,36 - 8,53, trong khi o cac tang di ty le nay at 10,12-14,10. (Bang 9.1). Ham lng vi nguyen to trong dau (V), Ni rat thap: V = 0,08-3,55 ppm, Ni = 2,53,6 ppm, rat t khi at 26,96 ppm. Cac gia tr ln thng gap dau c sinh ra mc o bien chat thap cua VCHC. Cac ac iem neu tren cho thay VCHC sinh ra dau a phan c tram ong vung ca song, chuyen tiep (nc l) co xen vat lieu than paralic va vung bien nong (bien m) (Hnh 9.18) va khong co VCHC trong a carbonat (Hnh 9.19). Cac ket qua xac nh ong v carbon trong dau Bach Ho bi chuyen gia ngi Anh (Warden P.C.) vao nam 1989, Vien TaTnipineft, nam 1992 va trng Tong hp Dau Kh mang ten Gubkin I.M, nam 1990 va 1994 cho thay gia tr 13C dao ong trong khoang t 25 en 31,50/00. Nh vay cac gia tr ong v cua dau, cung nh cac thanh phan nhom cua chung chng to dau mo Bach Ho va co the toan bo be Cu Long cung co cac gia tr tng t, phu hp
Phan Thit
Tp. H Ch Minh Diamond S T en
Hng Ngc
Topaz
S T Vng
Pearl Jade Amethyst TN
VngTu
Vngng
S T Trng Phng ng Rng ng
Ba V B en Bch H
C Ng
Tamo ng Rng Si Rng chnh Cam ng NamRng Vi Thiu NamRng
Ghich Pht hin du thng mi Pht hin khthng mi Pht hin du cn thng mi Pht hin du khng thng mi
Hnh 9.17. Cac phat hien dau kh be Cu Long
vi VCHC co nguon goc vi khuan, rong tao, co bien va mot phan nho thc vat tren can [9]. Noi chung, cac va dau cua be Cu Long c tch tu vi ap suat bao hoa thuoc loai trung bnh at t 16 en 24 MPa, rat t khi at 29,0 - 30,0 MPa. Ham lng kh thng t 40 m en 200m t khi at ti 300 m /m
3 3 3 3
(ay) Oligocen tren. Ch tieu B1 co gia tr giao ong t 123,9 en 956,3 trung bnh 406,22. Ch tieu M4 cung co gia tr cao trong dau Miocen di 33 - 54 trung bnh 40,23 con trong dau Oligocen va mong at 80 - 235, trung bnh pho bien la 98. Ch tieu S8 trong dau Oligocen va mong at gia tr ln 48 227,3, trung bnh 118. ieu nay chng to dau trong be Cu Long a phan co nguon goc t VCHC rong tao va vi khuan. Cac gia tr cao thng thay trong dau Oligocen va mong, con thap hn oi chut thng thay trong dau Miocen di. Ch tieu H11 (C23tricyclic/C30hopane) co gia tr cao trong tat ca cac loai dau (105,3-125) phan anh VCHC c tram lang trong moi trng co muoi. Ch tieu Pr/Ph thng co gia tr 1,6-2,3. Cac ch tieu B1, M4, S8, H11 eu co gia
285
dau hoac cao hn. He so nen thng at 1.8-2.6 E /MPa

-6
Nguon goc dau Khi nghien cu cac ch so sinh hoc (biomarker) cho thay cac va dau trong Miocen di va Oligocen tren lien quan ti tnh bien nhieu hn, co le lien quan ti a me la tang Oligocen tren. Con cac va dau Oligocen di va mong lien quan ti vung chuyen tiep (nc l) ca song va ong bang ngap nc co the lien quan ti tang a me Oligocen di - Eocen va phan thap
Hnh 9.18. Gian o phan bo cau t Steran C27C28-C29 trong dau tho be Cu Long ( - lo 15-1; - cac lo khac)
Hnh 9.19. Gian o phan bo C7 Alkan/Cyclo-Alkan trong dau tho be Cu Long
tr tng t nh trong kerogen, ac biet rat gan gui vi kerogen cua tram tch Oligocen di - Eocen va phan ay cua Oligocen tren, chung eu phan anh dau c sinh ra t VCHC c tch luy vung chuyen tiep tc la vung nc l, ca song, bien nong, ni rat phat trien rong tao, co bien va vi khuan. Tuy nhien ch tieu H15 = Oleanane/ C30hopane co gia tr nho (H15 = 10,816,98). ieu nay, cung ch ra co s co mat cua VCHC thc vat bac cao. Trong dau Miocen di va Oligocen tren thng gap ch tieu H6 = Ts/(Ts+Tm) vi gia tr trung bnh: 0,4 - 0,6 va ch tieu MPI-1: 0,45 - 0,68. Con trong dau Oligocen di va mong H6: 0,6 - 1,13 con MPI-1: 0,7 - 1,25. ieu nay chng to dau trong Oligocen di va mong c sinh ra trong ieu kien bien chat cao hn. Khi xem xet cac ch tieu B1, H11, S8 va ac biet CPI-1, MPI-1 va H6 gia kerogen trong a va dau cho thay mot so lo nh 15-1, lo 17 chung co gia tr trong a thap hn nhieu so vi dau. Phai chang kerogen cac vung ven ra cua cac khoi noi tren cha
286
ri vao i trng thanh hoac i trng thanh sm. Nh vay, dau c sinh ra i sau hn a di c va nap vao cac bay cha vung nay. Khi so sanh cac ch so sinh hoc gia dau va kerogen cho thay chung cung co nguon goc. V du Pr/Ph, B1, M4, S8 va H11 trong dau cung nh trong kerogen eu co cac gia tr gan tng t, ac biet cac lo 09 va phan sau cua cac lo 16, 15. Tham ch ch tieu H15 ch ra co s tham gia, tuy khong ln, cua VCHC nguon goc thc vat bac cao trong kerogen cung nh trong dau. Quy luat phan bo cac cau t C27- C28- C29 sterane trong kerogen cung tng t nh trong dau. ac iem kh condensat Cac va condensat gap mo Rong, Rang ong, S T Trang co ty trong kha thap 0,76-0,82 g/cm3. Trong o co mot so va bao gom ca cac phan oan nhe cua dau nh ong Bac Rong. Lng HC bao hoa chiem phan ln (95 - 98%), lng nha rat nho (<0,68%) va asphalten cung nho hn (<0,3%). Ch so alkanes at cao nhat (81 - 85%), song he so
bien chat cua chung H6 =Ts/(Ts+Tm) cung ch at mc trung bnh (0,64 - 0,68), MPI-1 ch at 0,86-1,10. Ch tieu Pr/Ph bang 2.09-2.11 va cac ch tieu khac nh B1, H11, S8, M4 cung co cac gia tr cao tng t nh trong dau. Nh vay, cac va kh condensat trong be Cu Long co kha nang c tao thanh t hai nguon: tach ra t cac va dau phan bo di sau, roi di c len tren, ni co bay cha nt, ne... hoac t cac tang sinh a va ang trong ca so sinh kh condensat. Tuy nhien, trong qua trnh di c va tach ra khoi va dau nen cac cau t C27 - C28 - C29 sterane b phan bo lai, tao nen C27 co ga tr cao nhat. Trong 3 cau t tren th C27 co trong lng phan t nho nhat, cau
truc gon hn va nhiet o soi thap nhat. V vay, C27 tach ra t va dau nhieu hn va di c nhanh hn, do o en iem tch tu mi no co ham lng ln hn. Trong thanh phan kh va condensat chu yeu kh metan (78 93%) con lai la cac kh nang khac nh etan, propan, butan va hydrocarbon long t C5C12. Trong cac va condensat nay thng un soi ti 200 - 220oC a thu c hau nh toan bo hydrocarbon. Neu tnh lng thu hoi kh nang trong kh kem dau va va kh condensat th: C3+ 0,4478kg/m3, C4+ 0,37kg/m3, C5+ 0,63kg/ m3. Trong dong kh tach ra metan co the chiem ti 74 82%, C2+: 18 26%, C3+: 9 14%, C4+: 6 10% va C5+: 4,2 7,8%.
Bang 9.1. Cac ch tieu ly hoa va a hoa c ban cua kerogen va dau tho be Cu Long Ch tieu Loai/Tuoi Trong kerogen N1 E32 52,0 70,1 6,0 7,1 36,2 20,5 68,7 2,13
1
HC sat. , % HC arom. , % Wax , % Ty trong, g/cm3 Lu huynh, % Nha, % Asphalten, % B1=8(H)driman C30 hopan M4 S8 H11=25tricyclic C30 hopan H15 =Oleanan C30 hopan C27 , % C28 , % C29 , % H6 MPI-1 Pr/Ph
E 80,2 7,5 10,7 1,6

1 3
N1 75 82 6 8 1421 0,840,92 0,10,16 1213,4 1,22,62

1
Trong dau E32 7888 6 8 1519 0,840,86 0,080,16 11,013,0 1,12,3 4456 5690 30105 5,611 24,21 47,21 28,58 0,450,65 0,480,68 1,92,2
E31 +Mz 7890,2 7,7 8,8 1825,3 0,820,83 0,020,15 6,58,6 0,651,28 123,9956,3 80235 88223,3 105125 1517 21 45 34 0,61,13 0,71,25 1,72,3
Condensat 95 98 2 5 0,750,82 0,250,68 0,050,11 306334 9395 133183 3257 4,1210,7 46,10 16,43 37,47 0,640,67 0,861,1 2,092,11
0,251,9 3338 845 0,726,8 2,57,9 48,05 22,4 39,55 0,130,36 0,320,46 1,56,6
2,713,5 3570 41123 1,5674,0 825 46,3 28,74 35,96 0,250,84 0,350,76 1,73,7
10,215,8 6698 120376 97112 10,5637,0 22,10 46,6 31,3 0,81,1 0,710,80 2,12,35 287
3354 4889 16,5105,0 3,410,2 19,27 48,61 32,12 0,40,6 0,450,58 1,62,1
Bang 9.2. Thanh phan kh hoa tan trong dau va nc va Ch tieu Tuoi a chat N11 E32 E31 + MZ N11 E32 E31 + MZ CH4 % mol 60 63 62 66 67 67.3 83 91.2 88 85 80 84 Kh nang C2+ % mol CH4/C2+ % mol iC4/nC4 0.38 0.40 0.56 0.61 0.57 0.61 0.37 0.44 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.83 iC5/nC5 0.28 0.38 0.80 0.82 0.65 0.73 0.5 0.6 0.58 0.62 0.55 0.67
Thanh phan kh hoa tan trong dau 35 38 1.5 1.7 20 25 2.1 2.6 32.1 32.4 2.07 2.08 Thanh phan kh hoa tan trong nc va 6 16 5 13.4 12 14.5 5.94 6.02 14 18.2 4.5 5.9
5.2. ac iem cac loai kh thien nhien Kh thien nhien bao gom cac kh N2, He, Ar, H2S). Cho en nay mi ch phat sinh hoa va kh dau condensat. Loai kh sinh hoa gap cac tang nong (Pliocen - e T, mot phan nho Miocen tren) trong ieu kien nhiet o thap va di tac dung phan huy cua vi khuan. Tuy nhien ham lng kh nay nho lai b phan tan bi nc va. V vay, chung khong tch luy thanh nhng tch tu ln gay nguy hiem trong qua trnh khoan. Loai kh sinh ra do nhiet xuc tac cung vi dau va condensat quan sat thay cac tang sau t Miocen di, ac biet trong Oligocen va tang sau hn. V rang vat chat hu c co u the sinh dau nen kh ay phan ln i kem vi dau tao nen ty le kh hoa tan trong dau t 40 m3 kh en 200m3 kh/m3 dau. Lng kh sinh ra nhieu tang Oligocen tren oi khi at ti 400-500 m
3
vao dau va giam ty trong cua chung. Trong cac va kh t do va nc co kh hoa tan cang gan ti va cha dau cac ty ngc lai ty so CH4/C2+ cang giam. Trong C2+ tang cao hn nhieu so vi no trong va cac va cha nc va kh t do ty so CH4/ so iC4/nC4, iC5/nC5 va C2+ cang tang va
Hydrocarbon (HC) va kh khong HC (CO2,
hien 2 loai kh hydrocarbon (HC): Loai kh
dau, ngc lai C2+ cang giam, con trong cac va dau lng C2+ tang ang ke.
Thanh phan kh hoa tan trong dau va
trong va nc c the hien nh trong bang 9.2. hanh, kh condensat vi ham lng nho thng ch at 0,67 - 2,19%. mot so cau tao co lien quan ti tai hoat ong magma ham lng kh CO2, co the tang ti 6-7%, song rat hiem (cau tao Ba en, canh Tay cua cau tao Rong va v.v). Trong pham vi be Cu Long cac a tang Miocen di, Oligocen khong ton tai cac va carbonat. V vay, khong ton tai c s sinh kh CO2 t a carbonat. Kh N2 rat t gap thng vi cac gia tr Kh CO2 thng gap trong kh ong
kh/m3 dau i kem vi i co d thng ap suat cao. cac i sinh kh condensat ng nhien lng kh va HC long nhe c sinh ra va bo sung cho cac tch tu dau nam gan ke trc tiep tang kha nang bao hoa cua kh
288
rat nho 0,48 - 2,31%. ac biet cac va di sau hau nh khong gap chung.
Kh He gap mot so va vi ham lng rat thap, t vet en 0,022 - 0,17%.
the phan chia ra 3 tang a me: Tang set Miocen di (N11) co be day t 250 m ven ra va ti 1.250 m trung tam be. day t 100m ven ra va ti 1.200 m trung tam be. Tang set Oligocen di + Eocen? (E31 + trung sau cua be. E2) co be day t 0 m en 600m phan
Hnh 9.20. S o ang day tang sinh dau trong tram tch Oligocen Eocen Be cu Long
Tang set cua Oligocen tren (E32) co be
ac iem a me cua cac tang c the hien trong bang 9.3. S bien oi chieu day cua 2 tang a me va la tang sinh chnh cua c the hien hnh 9.20. o phong phu vat chat hu c Trong Miocen di co carbon hu c thuoc loai trung bnh, cac gia tr S1 va S2 rat thap thuoc loai ngheo, cha co kha nang sinh hydrocarbon (HC). V vay, dau kh cha trong tang nay la cac san pham di c t ni khac en (HI = 0,48-0,5 kg HC/ t.TOC). Tang Oligocen tren rat phong phu vat chat hu c (loai rat tot), Corg. (TOC) dao
Kh Ar cung rat hiem gap, ch t vet ti 0,0270,086%. Hai loai kh He, Ar va ca kh CO2 co mat mot so mo mac du ham lng thap cho thay nhng ni o chung co lien quan ti t gay sau hay do tai hoat ong yeu cua magma hoac hau nui la. 6. He thong dau kh 6.1. a sinh Theo ac iem tram tch va quy mo phan bo cua cac tap set be Cu Long co
Hnh 9.21. Mc o trng thanh VCHC
289
Hnh 9.22. Moi trng thanh tao VCHC
ong t 3,5% en 6,1% Wt, oi ni ti 1112%, cac ch tieu S1 va S2 cung co gia tr rat cao: S1 - ti 4-12 kg HC/t.a va S2 16,7-21 kg HC/t.a. cac trung sau gia tr nay co the rat cao, nh cac mau cua gieng khoan CNV-1X, tr so HI co the at ti 477 kg HC/t.TOC (bang 9.3). Vat chat hu c tang Oligocen di + Eocen thuoc loai tot va rat tot. TOC = 0,97% - 2,5% Wt, vi cac ch tieu S1 = 0,42,5 kg HC/t.a va S2 = 3,6-8,0 kg HC/t.a. tang nay lng hydrocarbon trong a me co giam so vi tang tren la do a sinh dau va giai phong phan ln hydrocarbon vao a cha. V vay, ch tieu HI ch con 163,6kg HC/t.TOC. Nhn chung tiem nang cua vat chat hu c trong tram tch Oligocen la rat ln, con vat chat hu c trong tram tch Miocen di thuoc loai trung bnh va ngheo. Cac ch so sinh hoc cua kerogen cac tang a me c the hien: o1 = 0,25 - 15,8 , M4 =33 - 98,
290
S8 = 41 - 376, oi khi at ti hang nghn n v. Trong o, cac gia tr thap thng gap trong kerogen cua tram tch Miocen di, con cac gia tr cao thng gap trong kerogen cua tram tch Oligocen. ieu o phan anh co hoat ong cua vi khuan va tao nc ngot cung nh tao vung nc l va co bien. Tuy nhien, ch tieu H15 = Oleanane/ C30hopane co gia tr thap (2,5-37, pho bien 8-15) chng to co ton tai thc vat bac cao. Loai vat chat hu c va moi trng tch tu Loai vat chat hu c (VCHC) va mc o bien oi cua moi tang a me c the hien tren hnh ve 9.21, 9.22 va bang 9.3. oi vi tang a me Miocen di loai VCHC thuoc loai III la chu yeu, co xen ke loai II, ch tieu Pr/Ph at 1,49 en 2,23 chng to chung c tch tu trong moi trng ca song, ong bang ngap nc co xen ke bien nong. oi vi tang a me Oligocen tren loai
VCHC chu yeu la loai II, th yeu la loai I va t hn la loai III. Ch tieu Pr/Ph pho bien 1.6-2.3 phan anh chung c tch luy trong moi trng ca song, vung nc l - bien nong, mot so rat t trong ieu kien am ho. oi vi tang a me Oligocen di + Eocen loai VCHC chu yeu loai II, th yeu la loai III, khong co loai I. Cac gia tr Pr/Ph cung ch at 1,7-2,35, phan anh ieu kien tch tu ca song, nc l, gan b va mot phan am ho. o trng thanh cua vat chat hu c Mc o trng thanh cua VCHC c xac nh theo ch so phan xa vitrinit Ro. Khi Ro at en 0,6%-0,8% VCHC mi vao giai oan trng thanh. Trong giai oan nay ch giai phong lng nho hydrocarbon kh va long nhe ra khoi a me. Khi VCHC b chm sau va Ro at ngng tren 0.8% mi co cng o sinh dau manh. Khi o ieu kien tang the tch kh, HC long, tang ap suat, giam o nht, giam lng nhaasphalten va giai phong hang loat HC ra khoi a me di c vao bay cha. o sau ng vi pha nay cac cau tao nh sau: cau tao Vng ong (Tra Tan) la 3.200m, cau tao Song Ba - 3.900m, cau tao Cu Long - 3800m, cau tao S T en - 3.300m, cau tao Bach Ho 3.975m, cau tao Ba en 3.800m, cau tao Rong 3.600m, cau tao Ba V 3.100m (Hnh 9.23). Theo ket qua phan tch Ro cho thay cac mau cua VCHC cua tram tch Miocen di ch nam ben trai cua ng 0,6%, tang Oligocen tren chung nam xung quanh ng 0,6%, rieng phan di cua Oligocen tren nam ben phai ng 0,6%, con tang Oligocen di - Eocen nam xung quanh ng 0,8%. Nh vay ch co cac tang a
291 Hnh 9.23. S o phan bo be mat tram tch mc trng thanh 0.8%R0
me Oligocen tren va Oligocen di - Eocen mi at mc trng thanh va trng thanh muon va cung la nguon cung cap chu yeu HC cho cac bay cha cua be Cu Long. V vay, cac ch tieu Tmax va Ro thng co gia tr cao hn trong kerogen (Tmax > 4350 4460 va Ro > 0,6- 0,8%, bang 9.3). Ve mc o bien chat xet theo ch tieu CPI, MPI-1 va H6 cho thay tram tch Miocen di co mc o bien chat thap (CPI=1,2 - 1,57, MPI-1 = 0,35 - 0,65, H6 = 0,34 - 0,46), con Oligocen di + Eocen va phan ay cua Oligocen tren mc bien chat cao (CPI= 1,02 - 1,08. MPI-1=0,55 1,35, H6 = 0,6 - 0,85). Quy mo phan i sinh dau cua cac tang a me S o phan bo gradient a nhiet (T) tnh t ay bien xuong ti mong (Hnh 9.24) cho thay i nang trung tam co gradient a nhiet cao nhat, bao gom cac cau tao Rong, Bach Ho va Rang ong i nang pha ong. Ngoai ra cac cau tao dng thuoc i phan d Tay Bac va ong Bac cung co gradient a nhiet cao. ieu nay c ly
lng nhiet c gi lai ang ke di cac lp set tai cac cau tao, ac biet i nang trung tam. Nhng hoat ong magma phun trao xay ra vao Pliocen - e T cac lo 01, 02, 15-1 va 15-2 (nh ao Phu Quy, Hon Tro, mo/cau tao Hong Ngoc, Emerald, Topaz...). ieu o chng to i phan d pha Bac xay ra tai hoat ong magma. Cac hoat ong nay cung cap lng nhiet ang
Hnh 9.24. S o phan bo gradient a nhiet be Cu Long
ke lam chuyen bien VCHC sinh ra hang loat hydrocarbon day dau. Trong cac tang a me Oligocen - Eocen luon co he so PI kha cao va at 0,36 - 0,41 ac biet tang a me di cung (E31 + E2). Sau khi xem xet quy luat phan bo cua cac ch tieu Ro, Tmax va ac biet ch tieu thi nhiet (TTI) cho thay thi iem sinh dau cua 2 tang a me di bat au t thi Miocen sm, nhng cng o sinh dau va giai phong chung ra khoi a me ch xay ra vao cuoi thi ky Miocen gia - au Miocen muon ti nay (Hnh 9.25). Tom lai, quy mo sinh dau cua cac tang a me trong be Cu Long: i sinh dau manh cua tang Oligocen tren bao gom chu yeu phan trung tam co dien tch khoang 193 km2. Dien tch i sinh condensat ch tap trung phan
giai bang s lun chm sau va cac hoat ong nui la. Neu tnh cho tng tap tram tch th thay rang cac tap tram tch Oligocen di va mong phan trung tam co gradient cao nhat, at ti gia tr T = 3,84,20C/100m (Hnh 9.24). Con cac tang tren nh Oligocen tren giam xuong con T = 3,53,9 C/100m,
0
tang Miocen di giam xuong con T = 3,023,60C/100m. Trong cac tap tram tch Miocen gia, tren, Pliocen - e T ch tieu T cang giam manh ch con 2,02,80C/100m. Nguyen nhan cac tang tren gradient a nhiet giam manh v co cac tang nc lu thong vi nhau do tram tch cha c gan ket hay gan ket yeu. Con cac tang sau thng co cac lp chan nen
Bang 9.3. Cac ac tnh c ban cua cac tang a me be Cu Long Tang a me TOC, %wt S1, kg HC/T.a S2, kg HC/T.a HI PI Tmax, oC Ro % Pr/Ph Loai kerogen N11 0.6 0.87 0.5 1.2 0.8 1.2 113 216.7 0.48 0.5 < 434 < 0.5 1.49 2.23 III/II 292 E32 3.5 6.1 4.0 12.0 16.7 21 477.1 0.24 0.36 435 446 0.5 0.8 1.6 2.3 II/I, III E31 + E2 0.97 2.5 0.4 2.5 3.6 8.0 163.6 0.11 0.41 446 460 0.8 1.25 1.7 2.3 II/III
Ch tieu
Hnh 9.25. S bien oi cac ch so sinh dau theo mat cat ngang qua trung tam be
lom sau nhat la 24,5 km2. i sinh dau manh va giai phong dau cua tang Oligocen di-Eocen m rong ra ven ra so vi tang Oligocen tren va at dien tch ln hn. i sinh dau chiem dien tch khoang 576- 580 km2. Con dien tch vung sinh condensat at 146 km2. 6.2. a cha a cha dau kh trong be Cu Long bao gom: a granitoid nt ne, hang hoc cua mong ket tinh, phun trao dang va hoac ai mach va cat ket co cau truc lo rong gia hat, oi khi co nt ne, co nguon goc va tuoi khac nhau. a cha granitoid nt ne-hang hoc cua mong ket tinh rat ac trng cho be Cu
293
Long. Hnh anh a b giap v va bien oi co the quan sat ro tai cac iem lo (Hnh 9.26a, b), vi xu hng giap v va bien oi manh (phong hoa) phan tren cua mat cat. Nt ne, hang hoc c hnh thanh do hai yeu to: nguyen sinh - s co rut cua a magma khi nguoi lanh va qua trnh ket tinh; th sinh - hoat ong kien tao va qua trnh phong hoa, bien oi thuy nhiet tng ng vi gia tr o rong nguyen sinh (ns) va th sinh (ts). Tren thc te ns thng kn, la nhng khoang khong nam gia cac tinh the, t co y ngha tham cha. Nhng chung lai co y ngha ang ke, tao thanh cac i xung yeu, de b dap v khi co tac ong t ben ngoai [31].
(a)
Hnh 9.26a,b. Granit b dap v bi nhieu he thong nt ne, trong o cac nt ne bien (bounding) song song vi cac t gay ong vai tro chu ao: a- cua tai nui Ln, Vung Tau (tac gia .V. Canh) va b- tai bai bien Long Hai (tac gia - T.X. Thang)
(b)
oi vi a cha mong nt ne o rong th sinh ong vai tro chu ao, bao gom o rong nt ne (nn) va o rong hang hoc (hh) (Hnh 9.27). Hoat ong thuy nhiet i kem vi hoat ong kien tao ong vai tro hai mat oi vi viec tang, giam tnh di dng cua a cha: lam tang kch thc cac nt ne, hang hoc a c hnh thanh t trc, nhng cung co khi lap ay hoan toan hoac mot phan cac nt ne bi cac khoang vat th sinh (Hnh 9.28). Trong mat cat cac i nt ne xen ke vi cac i chat xt, chieu day thay oi t vai centimet ti vai chuc met, oi khi at ti tren tram met. Gia tr o rong, nt ne va ty
phan chieu day hieu dung tren chieu day chung theo tai lieu gieng khoan nhn chung co xu hng giam dan theo chieu sau va tai phan tren cua mat cat thng co mc o dap v, bien oi manh hn [1, 10] (Hnh 9.29). a mong nt ne gom granit, granitgneis, granodiorit, diorit, adamelit, monzodiorit, gabro, monzogabro b cac ai mach diabas, basalt-andesit porphyr cat qua va b bien oi mc o khac nhau. Thanh phan granit gom 12-34% thach anh, 9-38% kali feldspar, 14-40% plagioclas (t albit ti oligoclas) va 2-10% mica (biotit va muscovit). Mot so nt ne, hang hoc b lap
Hnh 9.27a,b. Granit nt ne, bien oi manh tai o sau 3.838.2m, GK BH425 (a) va theo lat mong nhuom mau (b). 294
Hnh 9.28. Mau loi GK BH425 (3.838.9m), nt ne b lap ay mot phan hoac toan phan bi khoang vat th sinh zeolit va calcit
Hnh 9.29. Bien oi o rong a mong nt ne mo Bach Ho theo o sau
ay bi cac khoang vat th sinh nh calcit, thach anh, clorit, epidot, pyrit, zeolit, thnh thoang la oxit sat. a monzodiorit thach anh va monzodiorit gom 2-10% thach anh, 15-20% feldspar kali, 40-50% plagioclass (chu yeu la oligoclas), 1-3% mica (biotit va muscovit). Granit b bien oi co cha kaolinit chiem t 10 ti 30%, va cac khoang vat kiem. S thay oi thanh phan khoang vat tao a cung cac khoang vat th sinh sau nay co lien quan mat thiet vi qua trnh thuy nhiet va phong hoa. a mong co the phan thanh cac i da tren mc o phong hoa, bien oi th sinh bieu hien qua gia tr ien tr sau sn (Hnh 9.30): 1. i phong hoa co ien tr suat nho hn 200 ohm.m day t vai met ti vai chuc met nh tren Bach Ho, Rang ong, S T en, S T Vang. Ben canh o, ong Nam Rong gap lp dam ket nui la gom cac manh diorit thach anh, biotit, hornblen day ti 150m c gan ket bi chnh vat lieu diorit va tuf nui la co gia tr ien tr suat giong nh oi vi a phong hoa. Lp dam ket nay cung vi a mong pha di tao thanh mot the cha (reservoir) thong nhat [7]; 2. i b bien oi manh co ien tr suat nho hn 2.000 ohm. m, co s phan d nho gia LLS va LLD, phan d ln gia RHOB va NPOR; 3. i
295 Hnh 9.30. ac trng a granit nt ne theo tai lieu log thong thng GK BH433
s
bien oi t co ien tr suat cao hn 2.000 ohm.m, phan d ln gia LLS va LLD, phan d t hoac khong phan d gia gia RHOB va NPOR; 4. i a ti co ien tr suat cao hn 5.000 ohm.m, phan d ln gia LLS va LLD, phan d t hoac khong phan d gia gia RHOB va NPOR. Gia tr o rong trung bnh theo the tch a tren cac mo ang khai thac thay oi trong khoang 0.8-2.5% [2, 38]. Nhn chung a cha mong nt ne co chat lng tot, nhieu gieng khoan cho dong ti hn 1.000m3/ngay, tham ch at 2.000m3/ngay. Theo tai lieu nghien cu bang hnh anh tren c s ien tr suat (FMI) hoac theo sieu am (CAST-V) nhng nt ne ln va cac i a dap v va bien oi c phan nh kha ro (Hnh 9.31). Dau kh cung c phat hien trong a
magma phun trao hang hoc, nt ne ong Bac Rong di dang va day t vai met ti 80 m nam kep trong a tram tch cua cac tap CL5. a phun trao bat gap tren hau het cac cau tao, ac biet phat trien manh ve pha Tay va Tay Nam be. o la basalt, andesit va diabas c nhan biet theo gia tr GR rat thap, s tang cua ien tr va PEF, NPOR va RHOB. Basalt va andesit vi thanh phan t 5-25% ban tinh (phenocryst) va a nen 7585% gom plagioclass vi tinh, thuy tinh nui la, t orthoclas, pyroxen [13, 33]. Diabas porphyrit gap ong Bac Rong [3]. Nhng a nay thng la chat xt, nhng oi ni phat trien hang hoc, thong noi vi nhau khi co nt ne cat qua (Hnh 9.32). Nhn chung chat lng a cha khong cao, o rong chung co the at ti 8-14%. Cat ket la mot trong nhng loai a cha chnh cua be Cu Long co tuoi t Oligocen sm ti Miocen muon ng vi cac tap t CL6 ti CL5 co nguon goc t luc a ti
Hnh 9.32. ac trng lo hong cua a phun trao tai GK R8 (3.212,2m)
bien nong ven b. Cat ket Oligocen di la arkos-lithic, oi cho nam xen vi cac tap a nui la day, ng vi he tang Tra Cu co nguon goc quat boi tch, song ngoi nam tren a mong ket tinh phan cao cua mong va chuyen sang set tien chau tho (prodelta) va am ho phan sau cua be. Tap CL6 co dang nghieng (clinoform), hon on, phat trien tren a hnh co va phan ra be va mong dan ve pha trung tam, phat trien manh xung quanh cau tao Bach Ho, Rong, vung Tay Bac be, vung cac cau tao Tam ao, Ba V [17], vang mat tren phan mong nho cao. Cat hat tho, cha cuoi, san en trung bnh co mau xam, xam nau vi o la chon kem vi xi mang gan ket la kaolinit, thuy mica, clorit va carbonat kieu lap ay va tiep xuc. ac trng log co phan d kha ro gia cac tap cat ket va set - bot ket. Trong trng hp cat ket b chat xt ien tr suat cua chung co the at ti mot vai tram ohm.m (Hnh 9.33). o rong cua cat ket Oligocen di co the at ti 18%, trung bnh la trong khoang 12 - 16%. o tham dao ong trong khoang 1 - 250 milidarcy. Tai phan gia va phan tren cua mat cat Oligocen di cat ket co
Hnh 9.31. ac trng a granit nt ne theo tai lieu log hnh anh
chat lng tot hn. Theo chieu sau tnh chat tham cha cua a co xu hng giam (Hnh
296
Hnh 9.33. ac trng log cua lat cat Oligocen di
9.34) [38]. ac biet di 3.800m, do b thach anh va clorit hoa manh nen o rong thng ch mc di 14-15%, tr mot so trng hp nh tai mo ong Rong va S T Trang, o rong cua a van c bao ton tot, chung co the van gi mc 15 - 16%. Viec o rong cua cat ket Oligocen di co xu hng giam i theo chieu sau chu yeu la do anh hng cua qua trnh tao a (diagen) va ep nen manh. Cat ket Oligocen tren (tap CL5-CL5.3) hat mn xen lp mong vi set, bot ket, oi cho vi cac tap a nui la, phat trien rong tren dien tch cua be. Cac va dau c phat hien chu yeu tap trung trong cat ket tap CL5-3 nh tren mo Bach Ho, Rong,
297
Rang ong, S T en. Cat ket chu yeu la arkos, arkos-lithic, vat lieu tram tch nguon cung cap lien quan ti cac khoi magma axit gan, tch tu trong moi trng am ho ca song, am lay, vung vnh thuy trieu trong ieu kien kh vi anh hng cua bien tang dan ve hng ong Bac. Phan tren cua tap CL5-2 chu yeu la set, cat bot ket xen ke cac tap set nau en giau vat chat hu c, phan di cac va cat ket xen lp vi bot set ket, cac va carbonat mong va than. a cha cua tap CL5-3 la cat bot ket xen lp vi cac tap set nau thanh tao trong moi trng delta: long song, ong bang ngap lut, tien chau tho (prodelta) va bien nong. Khoang vat set thng gap nh trong Oligocen
xam sang, xam xanh, o hat mn ti tho. Va dau trong cat ket bat gap tren mo Bach Ho va ong Bac Rong vi cac tang san pham 23-27. o rong 13-25%, trung bnh la 19%, o tham trung bnh 137 milidarcy [38, 39]. Xi mang dang tiep xuc la chu yeu. ac trng log cua phan nay c the hien tren hnh 9.35. Cac va cat ket cha dau trong phan mat cat nay thng co ien tr suat at ti 10 ohm.m. Tuy nhien, chung lai kho phan chia theo tai lieu xa t nhien (GR) do kem phan d. Phan tren tap CL4-1 c thanh tao trong moi trng bien nong do b anh hng cua bien tien mang tnh khu vc, gom xen lp cua cac va cat mong vi bot va set co
Hnh 9.34. Bien oi o rong theo chieu sau cua cac thanh tao Oligocen di
thanh phan chnh la montmorilonit. Cat ket hat tho (oi khi co san) ti trung bnh, mn, gan ket yeu ti b ri. Dau trong nhng va
di, ngoai tr zeolit, ham lng carbonat trong xi mang cao. o rong 12-21%, trung bnh 14%, o tham t 2-26 mD. ac trng log cua lat cat c the hien tren hnh 9.33. Nhn chung lat cat co mc o phan d kem do anh hng cua ieu kien thanh tao cac va cat bot ket va d thng ap suat. Tuy nhien, ve pha Tay Bac be (mo S T en) chat lng a cha co xu hng tot hn [2, 34]. Cat ket cha dau Miocen di gap phan tren (CL4-1) va phan di (tap CL42) cua tap mat cat tap CL4-2. Chung phat trien rong khap trong pham vi be chu yeu co nguon goc song ngoi, delta, ong bang ngap lut, vung vnh bai trieu. ay cac va cat ket xen ke vi bot va set. Cat grauvac feldspar vi arkos-lithic va lithic mau nau,
298
Hnh 9.35. ac trng log cua cac thanh tao Miocen di, tap CL4-2
cat nay gap kha pho bien tren hau khap cac cau tao nh: Trung tam Rong (cac tang san pham 21-22), Rang ong, Phng ong, Hong Ngoc, Pearl, S T en, S T Vang. o rong dao ong trong khoang 14-28%, o tham trong khoang 1-1.300 milidarcy. ay la cac va cat cha san pham co gia tr ien tr suat thap t 3 en 7 ohm.m, nen gap kho khan khi minh giai va phan tch tai lieu log. 6.3. a chan Da theo ac iem thach hoc, cau tao, chieu day, dien phan bo cua cac tang set trong mat cat tram tch be Cu Long co the phan ra thanh 4 tang chan chnh, trong o co 1 tang chan khu vc va 3 tang chan a phng (Hnh 9.36) [36, 37]. Tang chan khu vc - tang set thuoc noc he tang Bach Ho hay con goi la tap set Rotalid (tang set cha nhieu Rotalia). ay la tang set kha sach, phat trien rong khap be Cu Long. Noc cua tap nay trung vi mat phan xa a chan CL40 (noc tap CL4-1). Chieu day kha on nh, khoang 180 - 200 m. a co cau tao khoi, ham lng set cao (90 - 95%), kien truc thuoc loai phan tan, mn. Khoang vat chnh cua set la montmorilonit, th yeu la hydromica, kaolinit, hon hp (hydromica-mont.) va t clorit. He so phan lp nho hn 0,1. Trong a hiem gap vat lieu hu c. ay la tang chan tot cho ca dau lan kh. Cac va dau a phat hien nam trong va di tap chan nay nh 21 - 22 (mo Rong), MI-09 - 50 (mo Pearl, Hong Ngoc), hay B10 (S T en), v.v... Tang chan a phng I - tang set noc tap CL4-2, nam di tang phan xa a chan
299 Hnh 9.36. S phan bo cac tang chan tren mat cat a chan
CL41. ay la tap set tap, bien nong, nam phu trc tiep tren cac va san pham 23, 24 (mo Rong va Bach Ho), MI60 (Pearl), v.v. Chieu day tang chan nay dao ong t 60 en 150 m. He so phan lp: 0,1 - 0,47. Ham lng set trung bnh la 51%. Set phan lp day. ay la tang chan thuoc loai tot, phat trien rong khap trong phan trung sau cua be. Tang chan a phng II - tang set thuoc he tang Tra Tan gia va tren (CL5-2 va CL5-1), phat trien chu yeu trong phan trung sau cua be. Chieu day cua tang set nay dao ong manh t khong cho en vai tram met, co ni at tren nghn met. Set chu yeu co nguon goc am ho, tien delta, phan lp day va co kha nang chan tot. ay la tang chan quan trong cua be Cu Long, no quyet nh s ton tai (kn) cac bay cha la mong nt ne trc Kainozoi. Ket qua khoan tm kiem tham do cho thay cac than dau a phat hien trong tang mong nt ne nh cac mo: ong Nam Rong, Bach Ho, Rang ong, Hong Ngoc, S T en, S T Vang, v.v... eu co s hien dien cua tang chan nay, phu kn toan bo dien tch va ac
Hnh 9.37. Minh hoa s dch chuyen hydrocarbon t cac tang sinh vao cac bay tren mat cat a chan
biet la phan nh mong vi chieu day at ti mot vai tram met. Tang chan a phng III - tang set thuoc he tang Tra Cu. ay la tang chan mang tnh cuc bo, co dien tch phan bo hep. Chung thng phat trien bao quanh cac khoi nho mong co, rat hiem khi phu kn ca phan nh cua khoi nang mong. Set chu yeu la am ho, phan lp day, co kha nang chan kha tot, ac biet cac than cat long song nam di hoac trong chung. Nhng phat hien dau (Bach Ho, ong Rong) va kh condensat (S T Trang) la bang chng ve kha nang chan cua tang nay. 6.4. Di chuyen va nap bay Nh a trnh bay trong muc 6.1 cua chng nay ve kha nang sinh dau kh cua cac tang a me cho thay, dau kh trong be Cu Long c sinh ra chu yeu t 2 tang a me chnh: Oligocen tren (E3 ) va Oligocen
2
to co a nhiet trong qua trnh lch s phat trien a chat cua be. Thi iem sinh dau sm (Ro>0,6%) song cng o sinh dau manh va giai phong dau ra khoi a me (Ro>0,8%) va ac biet khoi lng a me ang ke nam trong pha sinh dau lai xay ra vao cuoi Miocen gia, au Miocen muon ti ngay nay. Rieng tang a me Oligocen tren (E32) th qua trnh sinh dau co xay ra muon hn va chu yeu mi bat au t cuoi Miocen. Sau khi dau c sinh ra, chung c di chuyen t cac tap a me vao cac tap a cha bang cac con ng khac nhau va theo cac hng khac nhau. Con ng ma dau di chuyen co the la cac tap hat tho phat trien rong trong lat cat va theo dien, tiep xuc trc tiep vi cac tap set sinh dau hoac doc theo cac t gay kien tao co vai tro nh kenh dan. Tren ng di chuyen dau co the c gi lai va tr thanh nhng tch tu hydrocarbon, neu tai o ton tai yeu to chan kn (bay cha), ngc lai chung b phan tan va thoat i [9, 32].
300
cua tang a me E31 + E2 bat au t Miocen
di + Eocen? (E3 + E2). ay la cac tap a

1
tram tch nam phan di cua lat cat tram tch, nen chung chu s tac ong cua yeu
Trong bang 9.3 cho thay he so PI trong Miocen di cao nhat va at 0,48 - 0,50. Trong khi VCHC trong Miocen di cha ri vao i sinh dau. V vay, dau tch tu trong cac bay nay la san pham di c theo t gay hay cac be mat bat chnh hp, theo be mat lp v.v.. Trong cac tram tch Oligocen co he so di c thap hn chng to gan nguon sinh (PI = 0,2 - 0,36 cho bay Oligocen tren va at 0,11-0,41 cho bay Oligocen di va mong. Theo lch s phat trien a chat cua be, ve c ban cac dang bay a c hnh thanh vao giai oan tao rift va au giai oan sau tao rift (Miocen sm), sm hn thi gian dau kh trong be bat au c sinh. Nh vay, be Cu Long co c mot ieu kien rat thuan li la khi dau sinh ra t cac tang sinh th cac bay a san sang tiep nhan. ien hnh la cac khoi nho mong, thuoc phan Trung tam be thng c bao quanh bi cac tang sinh day: E32, E31 + E2, nen chung de dang c nap ngay vao a cha va c lu gi neu o u ieu kien chan (Hnh 9.37).
6.5. Cac play hydrocarbon va cac kieu bay Can c vao ac tnh he thong dau kh va ac iem chan cha cua cac phat hien dau kh, trong be Cu Long co the phan ra 4 play hydrocarbon: a mong nt ne trc e Tam (play 1), a phun trao Oligocen (play 5), cat ket Oligocen (Oligocen di va tren) (play 2) va cat ket Miocen di (play 3) (Hnh 9.38). Moi oi tng cha dau kh thng gan lien vi mot vai kieu bay cha khac nhau. Play mong nt ne trc e Tam (play 1) gom a magma xam nhap granitoid va mot phan khong ang ke a bien chat. a mong granitoid nt ne, phong hoa la oi tng cha dau kh quan trong nhat cua be. Nhng phat hien dau kh ln trong be eu lien quan en Play nay, v du nh: mo Bach Ho, Rong, Rang ong, S T en, S T Vang, Ca Ng Vang, Hong Ngoc, cac cau tao co phat hien nh: Tam ao, u u, Vai Thieu, Diamond, Turquoise, Emerald, Vng ong, Ba V, Ba en, Cam, Soi...
Hnh 9.38. Cac Play tren mat cat a chan i qua khu vc Trung tam va ong Bac mo Rong.
301
Cac bay thng bat gap co lien quan en cac khoi mong nho dang a luy, hoac nui sot b chon vui, khep kn 3 chieu bi cac tap tram tch hat mn Oligocen phu tren va nam ga ay bao xung quanh. Bay cha dang hon hp, co lien quan mat thiet vi t gay va pha huy kien tao. Than dau dang khoi, chieu cao than dau thng ln, co the at ti khoang 2.000m, tuy thuoc vao mc o chan va bien o khep kn cua khoi mong nang cao. Ranh gii di cua bay co the la ranh gii dau nc nh ong Nam Rong, Rang ong, nhng a phan la i a chat st nam pha di nh: mong Bach Ho, S T en, S T Vang, ong Rong [12, 38, 39]. Dau c nap vao bay t cac tang sinh bao quanh E32 va E31 + E2 . Rui ro ln nhat chan va mc giap v cua a mong. Play Oligocen (play 2) c chia thanh 2 phu play: Oligocen di va Oligocen tren. Oligocen di (tap CL6) la mot trong nhng oi tng tham do, khai thac chnh cua be Cu Long. Cac va dau thng mai c phat hien tren mo Bach Ho va Rong. a cha la cat ket thach anh, feldspar hat tho mau xam, nau xam, co nguon goc ong bang boi tch, song ngoi, phat trien canh cau tao, nam ga vao mong bao mon. oi cho cat ket cung vi a mong hp thanh mot than dau thong nhat. Cat long song cat xe vao nhau, xep chong len nhau tao thanh cac tap cat day. Cac than cat nay b cac t gay t mong cat qua tao thanh cac khoi rieng biet, bay cha dau kieu a tang hay phi cau tao, co ranh gii dau nc rieng, b chan thach hoc va kien tao [34].
302
Tang chan cua phu play nay la tap hat mn nam phan tren cua lat cat. oi khi chnh cac tap set noi tang cung ong vai tro chan cuc bo. Cung nh play mong nt ne, dau cua cac tch tu thuoc Oligocen di c nap t chnh tang sinh cung ten hoac gia hn E31 + E2. Oligocen tren. Cat ket cha dau
Oligocen tren (tap CL5) la cat arkos xam sang, nau vang hat xen lp mong vi set, bot ket, a voi va than thanh tao trong moi trng am ho, ong bang, song ngoi. Tren mo Bach Ho mat cat co d thng ap suat cao. Cac va dau a phat hien tren Bach Ho, Rong, S T en, Rang ong, S T Trang.., thuoc dang bay a tang, b chan thach hoc moi pha. Tang chan ong thi cung la tang sinh cua play nay cac tap set nam trong lat cat. Play Miocen di (play 3), cat ket cha dau Miocen di (tap CL4) co nguon goc song ngoi, ong bang va bien nong ven b. Tai mot so mo nh Rong, Rang ong, S T en, Hong Ngoc phan tren cua tap cat ket arkos hat mn, tho mong cha dau xen lp mong vi set co ien tr suat thap t 3,5 ti 7 ohm.m [39]. phan di cua tap tren cac khu vc mo Bach Ho, ong Bac Rong dau c phat hien trong cac va cat day hn, o hat trung bnh, thng co ien tr suat t 7-20 ohm.m. Cac bay chu yeu la dang cau truc, dang vom, va, b chan thach hoc va kien tao. Play a phun trao hang hoc - nt ne (play 5), a phun trao gap kha pho bien trong lat cat a m ra cua be Cu Long. Cac a thng gap la basalt diabas, andesit diabas va a nui la. Trong trng hp chung nam phu trc tiep len be mat cua
cua Play nay la kha nang bao kn cua a
a mong phong hoa - nt ne (mo Bach Ho, ong Nam Rong, Hong Ngoc, v.v.) th c xem nh mot phan cua play mong nt ne trc e tam, mac du chung co tuoi tre hn nhieu. Khi cac the a phun trao co cau truc hang hoc, oi khi nt ne, nam trong mat cat tram tch tuoi Oligocen (ong Bac Rong) th chung c xet en nh mot play oc lap. Tang set phu tren va bao quanh va ong vai tro tang chan va la tang sinh, cung cap dau cho bay. Dau con co the c cung cap t tang sinh pha di, di chuyen theo cac t gay. Cac bay a c phat hien thng nho, phat trien cuc bo, kieu a tang, b chan thach hoc moi pha. Cong tac tm kiem tham do play nay co mc o rui ro cao do b han che ve quy mo phat trien va do kha nang ton tai hang hoc, nt ne cua a thap. Tom lai, trong be Cu Long co he thong dau kh hoan chnh, vi ay u cac yeu to thuan li t kha nang sinh dau cua 2 tang a me, cac tang chan, a cha, en moi tng quan phu hp gia thi gian tao bay va sinh dau. 7. D thng ap suat Trong pham vi be Cu Long he so qua ap (K=Pva/Pthuy tnh) lien quan ti s co mat cua cac lp set day co nguon goc chu yeu la bien nong, am ho, ca song va vung nc l. Ngoai ra con phai ke en yeu to ton tai cac than dau trong mong nt ne vi chieu cao ln t vai tram met en 2.000 m (mong mo Bach Ho). Cac lp set cua Oligocen thng la set montmo - kaolinit. Cac lp set nay tng oi ong nhat day vai tram met va co kha nang chan tot. Nh a mo ta trong phan a tang,
303
ty phan cat set trong mat cat Oligocen thap dao ong trong khoang 20-35%, t khi vt qua 50%. ac biet la cac than cat thuoc he tang nay co nguon goc song am ho nen co dien phan bo rat han che va kha nang lu thong noi tang kem. Mat khac, VCHC trong tram tch Oligocen tren va rat phong phu lai ang nam pha chu yeu sinh dau nen a sinh ra lng kh va HC long nhe rat ln. Hai ieu kien neu tren tao nen d thng ap suat ln trong tram tch Oligocen tren. Phan tren cua mat cat Oligocen tren (tap CL5-1, CL5-2) he so qua ap co the at ti 1,65- 1,72 (Hnh 9.39). Phan di tang Oligocen tren (Tra Tan di) he so qua ap at 1,56-1,68, oi khi xuong ti 1,34. Con trong tram tch Oligocen di va mong he so nay giam xuong ang ke, thng ch at 1,2-1,24. Rieng tram tch Miocen di d thng ap suat thng thap, ap suat va bang hoac xap x ap suat thuy tnh. Cang ve pha ong Bac tram tch Oligocen tren va Miocen di mang tnh bien nhieu hn trong o co tap set bien ien hnh Rotalid la tap tren cung cua a tang Miocen di. ieu kien nay co the tao thuan li cho s phat trien d thng ap suat, song cung khong the at cac gia tr nh trong tram tch he tang Tra Tan. Cang xuong pha Tay Nam be Cu Long, chieu day cung nh o ong nhat cua set Oligocen tren giam, tap set Rotalid bien tng, cha nhieu set tap mang tnh luc a, cung cac vat lieu tho va nui la. V vay, kha nang tao d thng ap suat trong tram tch Miocen di va ca trong tram tch Oligocen giam han, tham ch khong con quan sat thay d thng ap suat nh tai cac lo 16-1,
Tui
PLIO. t
a tng
H tng
H s qu p
3,535 ty tan qui dau. Da theo ket qua anh gia tiem nang dau kh bang phng phap the tch - xac suat [36] cho tng oi tng trien vong (Play concept) be Cu Long co tong tr lng va tiem nang dau kh thu hoi dao ong trong
Bin ng
Gi - mun Gia
Cn sn
MIOCEN
ng nai
Bch h
0,90-1,10
khoang 650 - 750 tr. tan dau quy oi, tng ng tr lng va tiem nang HC tai cho khoang 2,6 en 3,0 ty tan quy dau. Trong o khoang 70% (Hnh 9.40, 9.41). Theo nhng so lieu thong ke ve tai nguyen dau kh trong be a phat hien va khai thac khoang 70 % tong tai nguyen dau kh cua be. Nh vay, lng tai nguyen dau
Sm
2
OLIGOCEN mun
1,70-1,92
Tr tn
1,65-1,72 1,56-1,68
EOCEN OLIGOCEN mun sm
Tr c
1,20-1,24
Trc Tam
Kh Du Condensat
kh con lai trong be cha c phat hien con kha ln va ay se la tien e cho viec trien khai tiep cong tac tm kiem, tham do dau kh trong be Cu Long. 9. Ket luan Be Cu Long la be tram tch co tiem nang cha dau kh nhat tren them luc a Viet Nam. Be hien ang giai oan phat trien nh cao cua cong tac tham do va khai thac dau kh vi khoang 100 gieng khoan tham do va tham lng, khoang 300 khoan khai thac (phat trien) va a phat hien tren 20 tch tu HC, trong o 7 mo dau ang khai thac. Be c hnh thanh do qua trnh giap v, tach gian, sut lun a mong co trc Kainozoi va boi ap bi tram tch luc a, bien nong, ven b t cuoi Eocen en Pliocen-e T. Trong qua trnh phat trien be (trai qua 3 thi ky: trc, ong va sau tao rift) a tao nen cac he thong dau kh quan trong vi cac tang sinh, cha va chan tot. oi tng cha dau kh rat a dang,
304
Hnh 9.39. D thng ap suat theo cot a tang be Cu Long
16-2, 17 va ong Nam lo 09-03. Nh nhieu cong trnh khoa hoc a ghi nhan [9, 24], d thng ap suat trong be Cu Long c xem nh mot dau hieu tch cc, co lien quan mat thiet en cac tieu ch trong he thong dau kh: s ton tai cua man chan khu vc; tao ap lc ay dau t tang sinh Oligocen tren vao cac bay, ac biet la cac khoi nho mong nt ne; dau hieu trc tiep ve s hien dien cac than dau kh vi bien o va ap suat va cao. 8. Tiem nang tai nguyen dau kh Tiem nang tai nguyen dau kh cua be Cu Long c anh gia trong nhieu cong trnh va bang nhieu phng phap khac nhau. Theo phng phap the tch nguon goc (phng phap a hoa) tai nguyen dau kh cua be dao ong trong khoang t 2,357 en
Be Cu Long
Be Cu Long
500
a khai tha c 31% 26% ang khai tha c La p ke hoa ch ang a nh gia 8% 0% 9% Kho ng thng ma i 3% 23% Cha a nh gia Cha pha t hie n
Tr. tan quy dau
400 300 200 100 0 Play 1 Play 2 Play 3 Play 4 Play 5 Cha pha t hie n Pha t hie n co n la i a khai tha c
Hnh 9.40. Phan bo tr lng va tiem nang dau kh theo mc o tham do
Hnh 9.41. Phan bo tr lng theo play
khong ch trong a cat ket luc nguyen Oligocen va Miocen di ma trong ca cac a cha ac biet khac nh a phun trao va mong ket tinh nt ne hang hoc. Mong nt ne cha dau la mot oi tng cha dau kh chu yeu va co tnh pho bien be Cu Long, nhng lai la oi tng ac biet cua the gii. Trong mat cat cua be c xac nhan co 3 tang a me Oligocen di - Eocen; Oligocen tren va Miocen di, nhng trong o ch co 2 tang di la u ieu kien e tr thanh tang sinh. Loai vat chat hu c cua 2 tang sinh di thuoc loai II la chu yeu, th yeu la loai III (Oligocen di - Eocen) va loai I (Oligocen tren). Phan bo cac tch tu hydrocarbon trong be phu thuoc vao 2 yeu to chnh: v tr nam cua bay trong hoac tiep xuc trc tiep nhng vung sinh dau, thng la nhng vung co chieu day tram tch tren 2.000 m va ieu kien khep kn cua bay. Viec phu kn cac bay bi tap hat mn cua Oligocen tren vi chieu day ang ke va d thng ap xuat c xem nh mot tien e quan trong ve viec ton tai cac tch tu dau kh nam di chung. Tuy be a c tham do, khai thac va nghien cu t lau va ang cuoi giai oan
305
tham do nh cao, nhng cac cong ty dau kh van ang co gang tiep tuc tm kiem nhng phat hien dau kh mi trong nhng oi tng co quy mo nho hn va phc tap hn. Nhng phat hien mi nhat vao au nam 2004 cua cac gieng khoan: STT-1X; R-23; Am-1X, cang lam soi ong them cong tac tham do dau kh cua be. Qua 30 nam tm kiem tham do va khai thac dau kh tai be Cu Long cong tac tham do a chat, khai thac va nghien cu a at nhieu thanh tu ang ke, nhng van con ton tai nhieu van e can phai tiep tuc au t nghien cu. Trong nghien cu a chan, mac du nhng tai lieu x ly a chan trong vai nam tr lai ay chat lng a c nang cao hn nh ap dung quy trnh x ly PSTM, PSDM va cac ac trng song khac nh: song tan, ao ngc a chan (seismic inversion), AVO... nhng thong tin ve cac i nt ne trong mong va khoanh nh cac bay a tang con rat han che. Viec s dung tai lieu a chan cho cong tac nghien cu va cha con mc khiem ton. Mc o phan giai cua tai lieu a chan be mat oi vi tang cha mong nt ne thng rat thap nen rat kho khan trong viec lien ket chung vi tai lieu gieng khoan. Mat khac, ngoai i
phong hoa co xu hng gan nh song song vi mat mong, cac i nt ne thng xien cheo va co goc o ln (60-750), v vay nen xem xet kha nang ap dung phng phap a chan gia cac gieng khoan (Cross-well seismic) e ho tr cho viec xay dng mo hnh a chat va cha, la chon v tr khoan khai thac, bm ep toi u. Trong lnh vc nghien cu a chat, can lam ro hn lch s a chat, co a ly tng a cua be qua tng thi ky, e t o xac nh cu the hn dien phan bo, qui luat phat trien cac tap a cha, chan cua tng he tang nham hng ti tm kiem tham do cac bay phi cau tao. oi vi a mong nt ne, c che gay giap v va qua trnh hnh thanh, bien oi kha nang tham cha cua a theo dien, chieu sau va thi gian cha at mc o nghien cu chi tiet va tin cay can thiet e giup cho cac nha tm kiem va phat trien mo at c hieu qua kinh te-ky thuat cao. Trong lnh vc vat ly va (petrophysics), viec xac nh tham so va oi vi a cha ien tr thap, gan ket yeu Miocen di va a mong nt ne con gap nhieu kho khan.
Van e at ra la lam the nao e co the xac nh c cac tham so nh o rong, o nt ne, o bao hoa, he so ay dau va he so nen ep cua a mong nt ne theo log vi o tin cay kha d, bang to hp o log nao? va minh giai chung nh the nao?. Trong lnh vc khai thac con ton tai nhieu van e nh sau: lam the nao e ngan cach nc trong khai thac tang mong, dan eu mat cat dong trong a cha luc nguyen hay bm ep nc khi nao, o sau nao va bao nhieu cho cac than dau mong cu the. Viec la chon va ap dung nhng giai phap cong nghe nham nang cao he so thu hoi dau trien khai con han che. Quan iem ve viec au t cong nghe nang cao he so thu hoi tai cac mo ln ang khai thac cua vung a trai qua nh cao cua tm kiem tham do (mature phase of exploration) co y ngha thc tien tng ng vi au t i tm mo mi can phai c xem xet. Mat khac trong so nhng phat hien tai be Cu Long a phan co quy mo nho, neu xac lap c cong nghe khai thac mo nho mot cach hp ly th chung co the tr thanh mo co y ngha thng mai.
306
Tai lieu tham khao 1. Areshev E. G., Tran Le ong, Ngo Thng San, & O. A. Shnip, 1992, Reservoirs in Fractured Basement on the Continental Shelf of Southern Vietnam, Journal of Petroleum Geology, 15(4). 2. Cuulong Joint Operating Company, Oil-gas initial in place and reserves estimation report, v. 1, Su Tu Den and Su Tu Vang Complex, Block 15-1, Offshore Vietnam, Up to January 10, 2002 3. Daly M.C. et al. ,1991. Cenozoic Plate Tectonics in Indonesia. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 8. 4. Deminex Vietnam Branch, 1980. Mekong basin - Block 15 - Exploration Report, Vung Tau. 5. a chat Viet Nam, 1995. Tap II: Cac thanh tao magma, Ha Noi. 6. o Bat, 2000. a tang va qua trnh phat trien tram tch e Tam them luc a Viet Nam. Tuyen tap bao cao hoi ngh khoa hoc cong nghiep dau kh ben them the k 21, PetroVietnam, 1, Nxb Thanh nien, Ha Noi. 7. o Bat, P.H. Quynh, P.H. Que, T.L. ong, 1993. Tertiary stratigraphy of continental shelf of Viet Nam. First international seminar on the stratigraphy of the southern shelf of Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, 13p. 8. Ho ac Hoai, Tran Le ong, 1986. Bao cao tong ket e tai: Tong hp tai lieu a chat - a vat ly, tnh tr lng d oan cacbuahydro, d thao phng
307
phap cong tac tm kiem tham do them luc a Nam Viet Nam. 9. Hoang nh Tien, Nguyen Thuy Quynh, 2000. ieu kien va c che sinh dau kh cac be tram tch e Tam them luc a Viet Nam. Tuyen tap bao cao hoi ngh khoa hoc cong nghiep dau kh ben them the k 21, PetroVietnam, 1, Nxb Thanh nien, Ha Noi. 10. Hoang Van Quy, Demuskin Iu. I., Phung ac Hai, 1998. Cac ac trng cua tang a mong cha dau mo Bach Ho. Tuyen tap cac bao cao khoa hoc 15 nam thanh lap x nghiep Lien doanh Viet Xo (1981-1996), Nxb Khoa hoc K thuat, Ha Noi. 11. Hoang Van Quy, Phung ac Hai, 1995. ac iem cau truc va phan bo cac tch tu dau kh mo Rong. Tap ch dau kh, PetroVietnam, (3), tr.2-6. 12. Japan Vietnam Petroleum Company Ltd., Rang Dong Field, Oil & Gas Initial in Place and Reserves assessment Report, volume 1, March 2001 13. Le Van Trng, Nguyen Tien Long, V.T. Hai, N.A. Sn and N.X. Vinh, 2001. Distribution of volcanic rocks and their reservoir characteristics in the Cuulong basin. Technical ForumCuuLong basin exploration, the key of success, October 2001, Ho Chi Minh city. 14. Le Van C, 1986. Lch s phat trien a chat Kainozoi them luc a ong Nam Viet Nam: luan an pho tien s khoa hoc a chat-khoang vat, chuyen nganh a
kien tao, ai hoc Mo - a chat, Ha Noi. 15. Mai Thanh Tan, Le Van Dung, 2000. Cau truc a chat Plioxen-e T them luc a Viet Nam tren c s minh giai tai lieu a chan. Tuyen tap bao cao hoi ngh khoa hoc cong nghiep dau kh ben them the k 21, PetroVietnam, 1, Nxb Thanh nien, Ha Noi. 16. Ngo Thng San, Areshev E.G., Tran Le ong and O.A. Shnip, 1993, Stratigraphy and lithology of the Mekong basin. First international seminar on the stratigraphy of the southern shelf of Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam. 17. Nguyen Tien Long, 2004. a tang phan tap tram tch Kainozoi phan Bac be Cu Long: luan an tien s a chat, ai hoc Mo - a chat, Ha Noi. 18. Nguyen Tien Long, Sung Jin Chang, 2000. a chat khu vc va lch s phat trien a chat be Cu Long. Tuyen tap bao cao hoi ngh khoa hoc cong nghiep dau kh ben them the k 21, PetroVietnam, 1, Nxb Thanh nien, Ha Noi. 19. Nguyen Tien Long, Sung Jin Chang, 2000. Quan sat he thong nt ne tren luc a Nam Viet Nam. Tuyen tap bao cao hoi ngh khoa hoc cong nghiep dau kh ben them the k 21, PetroVietnam, 1, Nxb Thanh nien, Ha Noi. 20. Nguyen Van Trang va nnk, 1996. Ban o a chat va khoang san Viet Nam ty le 1:200 000, Cuc a chat Viet Nam. 21.
308
-4, 5, 9, 10, , , 1986, 1987, 1988. 22. Pham Hong Que, 1994. Lch s phat trien a chat be Cu Long. Tap ch Dau kh, (2), PetroVietnam, tr.5-18. 23. Pham Hong Que, 1998. Thanh phan thach hoc, tng a, co moi trng lang ong tram tch e Tam bon trung Nam Con Sn. Tap ch Dau kh, (2), PetroVietnam. 24. Phan Trung ien, Pham Van Tiem, Ngo Thng San, 2000. Mot so bien co a chat Mezozoi muon-Kainozoi va he thong dau kh tren them luc a Viet Nam. Tuyen tap bao cao hoi ngh khoa hoc cong nghiep dau kh ben them the k 21, PetroVietnam, 1, Nxb Thanh nien, Ha Noi. 25. Robert Hall, 1997. Cenozoic tectonics of Southeast Asia and Australasia. Proceedings of the petroleum systems of Southeast Asia and Australasia conference, Indonesian Petroleum Association. 26. Schmidt W.J., Nguyen Van Que, Pham Huy Long, 2003. Kien tao be Cu Long, Viet Nam. Tuyen tap bao cao khoa hoc nhan k niem Vien Dau kh: 25 nam phat trien va nhng thanh tu, Nxb Khoa hoc K thuat, Ha Noi. 27. SHELL Exploration, 1994, Stratigraphical data table: Cenozoic, EXP/3 version 2.1.
28. Tapponier P., Peltzer G., 1988, Formation and evolution of strikeslip faults, rifts, and basins during the India-Asia collision: An experimental approach, Journal of Geophysical Research, 93(312). 29. Taylor Brian, Hayes D.E., 1983. Origin and history of the South China Sea basin. Lamont-Doherty geological observatory of Columbia University Palisades, New York. 30. Tjiia H.D., Tandom P.M., Tran Xuan Nhuan et al, 1998. Fractured basement study on blocks 01 & 02 Mekong basin, southern Vietnam. Scientific Reports, 20 years foundation of Viet Nam Petroleum Institute (1978-1998). 31. Tran Cong Tao, 1995. Maturation of organic matter in Tertiary sediments of the CuuLong basin, offshore South Vietnam. Petrovietnam Review, (1). 32. Tran Le ong va F.A. Kiriev, 1998. Cac phc he macma xam nhap va nhng ac trng cua cac thanh tao mong granitoid mo Bach Ho. Tuyen tap cac bao cao khoa hoc 15 nam thanh lap x nghiep Lien doanh Viet Xo (1981-1996), Nxb Khoa hoc K thuat, Ha Noi. 33. Tran Le ong, Phung ac Hai va Pham Tuan Dung, 2000. Mo hnh
a chat cac than cha trong tram tch Oligoxen di mo Bach Ho. Tuyen tap bao cao hoi ngh khoa hoc cong nghiep dau kh ben them the k 21, PetroVietnam, 1, Nxb Thanh nien, Ha Noi. 34. Tran Ngoc Canh, Ephimov A.N., Hoang . Tien, Le V. Chan, Phan H. Quynh, 1995. Stratigraphy of the CuuLong basin in the light of new well data, Petrovietnam Review. 35. Vien dau kh, 11.2002. Bao cao tong hp anh gia ket qua tm kiem - tham do dau kh Viet Nam giai oan 19882000 va phng hng tm kiem tham do tiep theo, Ha Noi, 36. Vien dau kh, 1993. Bao cao tong ket anh gia tiem nang dau kh be Cu Long, Ha Noi, 1993. 37. Vietsovpetro, 1988, 1991, 1997, 2002. Bao cao tr lng mo Bach Ho. 38. Vietsovpetro, 1991, 1997, 1999. Bao cao tr lng mo Rong. 49. Woodroof P.B., Nguyen Tien Long and S. Bergman, 1995. Structure and Stratigraphy of the Northern Nam Con Son basin (abstract). Program and abstracts, workshop on Cenozoic evolution of the Indochina peninsula: Tectonics and sedimentary basins, Ha Noi & o Son, Vietnam.
309

13 Chuong9

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

13 Chuong9

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chng

Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 9.1. V tr be Cu Long

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

Hnh 9.2. S o phan vung kien tao Be Cu Long

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 9.3. Mat cat ngang trung chnh be Cu Long

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

Hnh 9.4. Ban o cau truc mat mong Be Cu Long

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

Hnh 9.6. Ban o cau truc noc Oligocen - CL50 Be Cu Long

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

Hnh 9.8. Cot a tang tong hp be Cu Long

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

tao cua phc he xam nhap nay co mc o

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

He tang ong Nai (N1 n)

He tang Bien ong (N2-Q b)

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

Pearl Jade Amethyst TN

S T Trng Phng ng Rng ng

Tamo ng Rng Si Rng chnh Cam ng NamRng Vi Thiu NamRng

Hnh 9.17. Cac phat hien dau kh be Cu Long

dau hoac cao hn. He so nen thng at 1.8-2.6 E /MPa

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 9.19. Gian o phan bo C7 Alkan/Cyclo-Alkan trong dau tho be Cu Long

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

E 80,2 7,5 10,7 1,6

N1 75 82 6 8 1421 0,840,92 0,10,16 1213,4 1,22,62

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hydrocarbon (HC) va kh khong HC (CO2,

hien 2 loai kh hydrocarbon (HC): Loai kh

Thanh phan kh hoa tan trong dau va

Kh He gap mot so va vi ham lng rat thap, t vet en 0,022 - 0,17%.

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

Tang set cua Oligocen tren (E32) co be

Hnh 9.21. Mc o trng thanh VCHC

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 9.22. Moi trng thanh tao VCHC

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

Hnh 9.29. Bien oi o rong a mong nt ne mo Bach Ho theo o sau

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh

Hnh 9.33. ac trng log cua lat cat Oligocen di

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Chng 9. Be tram tch Cu Long va tai nguyen dau kh