Chng

10

Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

1. Gii thieu Trc nam 1975 be Nam Con Sn co ten la be Saigon-Sarawak va ch c nh danh va xac nh lai dien tch phan bo trong cong trnh tong hp (Ho ac Hoai, Ngo Thng San, 1975). Be Nam Con Sn co dien tch gan 100.000km , nam trong
2

chan 2D va 5.400km2 a chan 3D, khoan 78 gieng khoan tham do, tham lng va khai thac, xac lap c 5 mo va 17 phat hien dau kh. Hien tai con 7 nha thau ang hoat ong. Cong tac nghien cu tong hp nham anh gia a chat va tai nguyen dau kh cua be Nam Con Sn a co hang chuc cong trnh khac nhau, ac biet cac e tai va nhiem vu cap Nganh a gop phan kp thi, hieu qua cho hoat ong tham do va khai thac. Tuy nhien do ieu kien a chat het sc phc tap oi hoi phai tiep tuc nghien cu bang cac phng phap, quan iem cong nghe mi e xac lap c s khoa hoc cho viec hoach nh cong tac tham do va khai thac tiep theo be tram tch nay. 2. Lch s nghien cu tham do va khai thac dau kh Da vao tnh chat, ac iem va ket qua cong tac cua tng thi ky, lch s tham do va nghien cu a chat - a vat ly ay c chia lam 4 giai oan. 2.1. Giai oan trc nam 1975 T nam 1975 tr ve trc, cong tac khao sat khu vc va tm kiem dau kh c nhieu cong ty, nha thau trien khai tren toan them luc a pha Nam noi chung va
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khoang gia 6 00 en 9 45 v o Bac va

0 0

106 00 en 109 00 kinh o ong. Ranh

0 0

gii pha Bac cua be la i nang Con Sn, pha Tay va Nam la i nang Khorat - Natuna, con pha ong la be T Chnh - Vung May va pha ong Bac la be Phu Khanh (Hnh 10.1 va hnh 5.1, chng 5). o sau nc bien trong pham vi cua be thay oi rat ln, t vai chuc met pha Tay en hn 1.000m pha ong. Tren a hnh ay bien cac tch tu hien ai c thanh tao chu yeu do tac ong cua dong chay thuy trieu cung nh dong oi lu, ma hng va toc o cua chung phu thuoc vao hai he gio mua chnh: he gio mua Tay Nam t cuoi thang 5 en cuoi thang 9 va he gio mua ong Bac t au thang 11 nam trc en cuoi thang 3 nam sau. Tram tch ay bien chu yeu bun va cat, ni b cao va ao la a cng hoac san ho. Hoat ong tm kiem tham do dau kh ay c bat au t nhng nam 1970 cua the ky trc. a co 26 nha thau dau kh nc ngoai tien hanh khao sat gan 60.000km a

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

1 0 70 0 E
Bch h
o

1 0 80 0 E
09-2

1 0 90 0 E

RNG

16-2
17-C-1X(90) 17-DD-1X(89) 17-N-1X(91)

WOLF

03-PL-1X(93) 03-BOS-1X(93)

131 03

90 0 n
25

17

N S
10-DP-1X(93)

09-3

04-2-NB-1X(94) 04-2-HT-1X(95)

04-1-SDN-1X(96)

N C I NG N
18

132
04-1-ST-1X(94)

90 0 n

10-BM-1X(94) 10-TM-1X(94) 10-PM-1X(94) 10-GO-1X 11-1-CC-1X

04-2-SB-1X(95) 04A-1X(79) 04-3-BC(95)

04-2

MIA-1X(75) 04-B-1X(80) 04-3-UT-1X(95) 04-3-DB-1X

04-1

10

26

11-1-CH-1X(95) 11-1-CPD-1X(94)

05-1a

I HNG TL-1X
05-1c TL-2X NH-1X

05-1b TLB-1X

0 5-1 11-1
RVD-1X

0 4-3
05-2-HT-1X(95) 133 05-2-HT-2X(96) 05-2-CKT-1X(95) 05-2-NT-1AX(94) 05-2-B-1X(94)

20-PH-1X PHOENIX(91)

RT-1X

R-2X R-1X

1RX(95)

27
12W-HA-1X

12W

11-2

05-3

05-2
06-D-1X(91) 06-LD-1X(93)

20
28-A-1X(79) 21-S-1X(94)

06-HDB-1X(93) 12W-HH-1X 12C-1X(80) 06-LT-2X LAN 12-B-1X(79) DUA-2X(74) 135 06-HDN-1X(93) LAN TY DUA-1X(74) 12-A-1X(79) 06-A-1X(91)

06
AM-1X(74) AW-1X(76)

H-1X(74)
o 70 0 N

28
29-A-1X(79) 22-TT-1X(94)

21

12E
AS-1X-(76)

VNG T CHNH - VN G MY

o 80 0 n

19

RB-1X RN-1X 05-3-MT-1X 05-3-TT-

80 0 n

134-1

AD-1X(71)

ARCA-1X(78)

136

o 70 0 n

22 29
23-AO-1X(94)
o

IN

N TU NA

A
13 14

07

1 0 70 0 E

1 0 80 0 E

1 0 90 0 E

M du M kh

ng ng dn kh NCS Ranh gii b Nam Cn Sn

Hnh 10.1. S o v tr be tram tch Nam Con Sn

toan be Nam Con Sn noi rieng. Cac dang cong tac nay do cac cong ty tham do My va Anh thc hien nh Mandrell, Mobil Kaiyo, Pecten, Esso, Union Texas, Sun Marathon, Sunning Dale. Cac nha thau a thu no hang nghn km a chan 2D vi mang li tuyen 4x4 km en khu vc. Vi mc o nghien cu o va da vao tai lieu nhan c, cac cong ty ke tren a
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tien hanh minh giai tai lieu a chan, xay dng c mot so ban o ang thi ty le 1/100.000 cho cac lo rieng va ty le 1/50.000 cho mot so cau tao trien vong. Song do mat o khao sat con thap nen o chnh xac cua cac ban o cha cao. Tren c s cac ket qua nghien cu at c cuoi nam 1974 au nam 1975, cong ty Pecten va Mobil a tien hanh khoan 5

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

gieng cac lo va tren cac cau tao khac nhau (Ma - 1X, H - 1X, Hong - 1X, Da - 1X va Da - 2X), trong o gieng Da-1X a phat hien dau. Ket thuc giai oan nay a co 3 bao cao anh gia ket qua nghien cu chung cho cac lo, trong o quan trong va ang chu y nhat la bao cao cua cong ty Mandrell. Trong bao cao nay a a ra 2 ban o ang thi tang phan xa nong va tang phan xa mong, cac ban o d thng t va trong lc ty le 1/500.000 cho toan them luc a Viet Nam. Cac ban o nay phan nao a the hien c ac iem hnh thai cua cac n v kien tao ln bac I va II va cho thay s co mat cua lp phu tram tch Kainozoi day hang nghn met tren them luc a. Tuy vay, giai oan nay cha co mot bao cao tong hp nao du la s bo ve ac iem cau truc, lch s phat trien a chat cho toan vung noi chung cung nh cac lo noi rieng. Cac so lieu minh giai va cac ranh gii tang phan xa chuan c la chon theo nhieu quan iem khac nhau tren tng lo, v vay gay kho khan cho cong tac tong hp toan be. 2.2. Giai oan 1976 - 1980 Sau khi giai phong mien Nam nc nha thong nhat, Tong cuc Dau kh a quyet nh thanh lap Cong ty Dau kh Viet Nam II (11-1975), cong tac tm kiem tham do dau kh c ay manh. Cac cong ty AGIP va BOW VALLEY a hp ong khao sat ty m (14,859 km a chan 2D mang li en 2x2 km) va khoan them 8 gieng khoan (04A - 1X, 04B - 1X, 12A - 1X, 12B - 1X, 12C - 1X, 28A - 1X va 29A - 1X). Tren c s cong tac khao sat a chat, a vat ly va khoan, cac cong ty neu tren
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a thanh lap mot so s o ang thi theo cac tang phan xa cac ty le khac nhau va a co bao cao tong ket. Cong ty GECO a the hien quan iem cua mnh trong bao cao Minh giai a chan va anh gia tiem nang dau kh them luc a Viet Nam cua Daniel S. va Netleton. Cong ty AGIP a neu len mot so quan iem ve cau truc a chat va anh gia kha nang dau kh tren cac lo 04 va 12. Cong ty Dau kh Nam Viet Nam (Cong ty II) a tien hanh phan tch nghien cu va tong hp tai lieu a co, xay dng c mot so s o ang thi va ban o cau tao ty le 1/100.000 va 1/50.000 cho cac lo va mot so cau tao phuc vu san xuat. Di s ch ao ky thuat cua Ngo Thng San, a hoan thanh mot so phng an cong tac a vat ly va khoan tm kiem, ac biet a hoan thanh bao cao tong hp Cau truc a chat va trien vong dau kh them luc a Nam Viet Nam, e cap en nhieu van e lch s phat trien a chat toan vung noi chung va be Nam Con Sn noi rieng, ong thi cung neu len mot so c s a chat e anh gia trien vong dau kh toan vung nghien cu. Song do nhng ieu kien khach quan, bc tranh chi tiet ve cau truc a chat trong giai oan nay van cha c lam sang to. 2.3. Giai oan t 1981 - 1987 S ra i cua X nghiep lien doanh Vietsovpetro (VSP) la ket qua cua hiep nh ve hu ngh hp tac tm kiem - tham do dau kh them luc a Nam Viet Nam gia Lien Xo (cu) va Viet Nam vao nam 1981 a m ra mot giai oan phat trien mi trong cong nghiep dau kh Viet Nam. Song cung can phai noi rang v nhng ly do khac nhau, cong tac a chat - a vat ly chu yeu

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

c au t vao be Cu Long, con oi vi be Nam Con Sn ch co mot so dien tch nhat nh c quan tam, trong o co khu vc cau tao ai Hung (VSP a tien hanh khoan 3 gieng). Trong giai oan nay a co mot so bao cao tong hp a chat - a vat ly c hoan thanh nh bao cao: Phan vung kien tao cac bon trung Kainozoi them luc a Viet Nam cua tac gia Le Trong Can va nnk nam 1985 va bao cao: Tong hp a chat - a vat ly, tnh tr lng d bao Hydrocarbon va vach phng hng cong tac tm kiem dau kh trong giai oan tiep theo them luc a Nam Viet Nam cua Ho ac Hoai, Tran Le ong 1986 va luan an tien s khoa hoc a chat khoang vat cua Nguyen Giao: Cau truc a chat va trien vong dau kh cua cac be tram tch e Tam vung bien ong Viet Nam nam 1987. 2.4. Giai oan t nam 1988 en nay Sau khi Nha nc ban hanh Bo luat au t Nc ngoai 20 nha thau a ky cac hp ong trien khai cong tac tm kiem tham do be Nam Con Sn. Cac nha thau a tien hanh khao sat 54.779 km a chan 2D va 5.399 km2 a chan 3D, a khoan 62 gieng khoan tham do va khai thac. Mo ai Hung a c a vao khai thac t nam 1994, mo kh Lan Tay vao nam 2002 va cac mo kh Rong oi - Rong oi Tay, Hai Thach cung chuan b a vao khai thac. Trong cong tac tong hp cac nha thau cung a co bao cao lo va bao cao gieng khoan, song ve c ban ay cung ch la nhng bao cao nhanh phuc vu san xuat. Ve pha Tong cuc Dau kh Viet Nam (nay la Tong Cong ty Dau kh Viet Nam) co mot so bao cao nghien
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cu tong hp chung ca be. o la bao cao: Chnh xac hoa cau truc a chat, anh gia tiem nang va e xuat phng hng tm kiem tham do dau kh be Nam Con Sn cua Nguyen Giao, Nguyen Trong Tn va nnk 1990, bao cao: a chat dau kh va tiem nang Hydrocarbon be Nam Con Sn cua Nguyen Giao, Nguyen Trong Tn, Le Van Dung (Vien Dau Kh) va D.Willmor va nnk (Robertson) 1991, bao cao: anh gia tiem nang dau kh be Nam Con Sn cua Nguyen Trong Tn va nnk 1993, bao cao: Chnh xac hoa cau truc a chat va tr lng dau kh phan pha ong be Nam Con Sn cua Nguyen Trong Tn va nnk 1995, bao cao: Nghien cu anh gia tiem nang dau kh phan pha Tay be Nam Con Sn cua Nguyen Trong Tn va nnk 1996, bao cao: Mo hnh hoa be Nam Con Sn cua Nguyen Th Dau va nnk 2000. 3. Cac yeu to cau truc va kien tao 3.1. V tr, gii han be Nam Con Sn Be Nam Con Sn phat trien chong tren cac kien truc cua nen Indochina b hoat hoa manh me trong Phanerozoi va hoat hoa magma kien tao trong Mesozoi muon. Cong ng vi qua trnh nay pha ong nen Indochina - Vung bien ra ong Viet Nam xay ra qua trnh gian ay bien ra vao Oligocen vi truc tach gian phat trien theo phng ong bac - tay nam. Qua trnh tach, gian ay Bien ong a ay ri xa hai khoi vi luc a Hoang Sa, Trng Sa va kien sinh pha huy (Taphrogeny) tren vung them luc a pha Nam, t o phat trien cac be tram tch Kainozoi tng ng. Be Nam Con Sn vi hai i trung sau: trung Bac va trung

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

Trung tam co hng truc sut lun cung hng truc gian ay Bien ong va nam phu hp trc tiep tren phng keo dai cua truc gian ay Bien ong la bang chng cua s anh hng nay. Be Nam Con Sn c gii han ve pha Bac bi i nang Con Sn, pha Tay va pha Nam la i nang Khorat - Natuna. Con ranh gii pha ong Bac la khu vc be Phu Khanh va pha ong la be T Chnh - Vung May. pha ong Be Nam Con Sn ton tai he t gay c Ngo Thng San (nam 1980) goi la t gay kinh tuyen 109o. t gay nay c phat hien tren cac tai lieu a chan them luc a mien Trung va vung bien Phan Rang. Tai khu vc nghien cu, t gay nay ong vai tro ngan cach gia them va sn luc a hien ai. Phan t gay keo dai xuong pha Nam con cha u tai lieu khang nh, song co le no con tiep tuc phat trien roi nhap vao cac he t gay chm nghch Bac Palawan. i nang Con Sn co dang mot phc nep loi phat trien keo dai theo phng ong Bac. pha Tay Nam c gan lien vi i nang Khorat - Natuna, nho cao va lo ra ao Con Sn, sau o chm dan pham vi cac lo 02, 03, va roi lai nang cao Cu Lao Dung ma trong chng 9 goi la i nang Phu Qu. i nang Con Sn chu yeu cau tao bi cac a xam nhap va phun trao trung tnh, axit thuoc a nui la ra ong luc a Chau A tuoi Mesozoi muon. i nang Khorat - Natuna keo dai t Thai Lan qua Tay Nam Viet Nam Borneo theo hng tay bac - ong nam va la mot bo phan cua luc a Sunda co. i nang c cau thanh bi tap hp cac thanh tao luc
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nguyen tuoi Carbon - Permi, Jura - Creta va cac a bien chat Paleozoi, Mesozoi cung nh cac a magma axit - trung tnh tuoi Kainozoi, nam trong ai nui la mien ong A. 3.2. Cac n v cau truc Tren c s cac thong so ve chieu day, thanh phan va s phan bo cac thanh tao tram tch cung nh cac he thong t gay, cau truc cua be Nam Con Sn c phan chia thanh mot so n v sau (Hnh 10.2): 3.2.1. i phan d pha Tay (C) i nam pha Tay be tren cac lo 27, 28, 29 va na phan Tay cac lo 19, 20, 21, 22. Ranh gii pha ong cua i c lay theo he t gay Song ong Nai. ac trng cau truc cua i la s sut nghieng khu vc ve pha ong theo kieu xep chong do ket qua hoat ong t gay - khoi chu yeu theo hng bac - nam, tao thanh cac trung hep sau canh Tay cua cac t gay, ac biet la t gay ln i kem cac dai nang (Hnh 10.3). Da vao ac iem cau truc cua mong, i phan d pha Tay c phan thanh 2 n v (phu i) co ac trng cau truc tng oi khac nhau, ranh gii phan chia la t gay Song Hau. Phu i ra Tay (C1) Phu i nay phat trien canh Tay t gay Song Hau va tiep giap trc tiep vi i nang Khorat - Natuna phng a kinh tuyen. a hnh mong trc Kainozoi kha bnh on, tao n nghieng, o dan ve pha ong. Trong cac trung hep sau ke t gay Song Hau co kha nang ton tai ay u lat cat tram tch Kainozoi vi chieu day khoang 3.500 - 4.000m.

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 10.2. Ban o cac yeu to cau truc be Nam Con Sn

318

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

Hnh 10.3. Ban o cau truc be mat mong trc Kainozoi be Nam Con Sn

Phu i phan d pha Tay (C2) Nam gia hai t gay Song Hau va Song ong Nai la phu i phan d pha Tay. Hoat ong t gay phu i nay the hien manh hn phu i Ra Tay. Ngoai cac t gay theo phng kinh tuyen chiem u the con phat trien cac he t gay phng ong bac - tay nam, ong - tay. a hnh mong phan d phc tap. Qua trnh nang - sut dang khoi va phan d manh me. Phu i nay gom
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cac trung hep sau va cac dai nang xen ke, trung sau nhat 6.000m. na pha ong cua phu i co mat ay u lat cat tram tch cua phc he cau truc lp phu, ngoai tr tren dai nang cau tao 28a, 29a, canh ong t gay Song Hau vang mat tram tch Oligocen va Miocen di. 3.2.2. i phan d chuyen tiep (B) i nay co ranh gii pha Tay la t gay Song ong Nai, pha ong va ong Bac la

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

he t gay Hong - Tay Mang Cau. Ranh gii pha Bac Tay Bac c lay theo ng ang sau mong 1.000m cua i nang Con Sn. Ranh gii pha Nam la khoi mong nho cao (phan cuoi cua i nang Natuna) vi o sau 1.000 - 1.500m. i mang ac tnh cau truc chuyen tiep t i phan d pha Tay keo sang pha ong va t i nang Con Sn keo xuong pha Nam. i b chia cat bi cac he t gay phng bac - nam, ong bac - tay nam va ong - tay. a hnh mong phan d the hien ac tnh sut lun dang bac, sau dan t i nang Con Sn ve pha ong Nam va t pha Nam (can Natuna) len pha Bac, ni sau nhat thuoc vung tiep noi cua cac lo 11-2 vi 12W (khoang 7.000m xem Hnh 10.3). i phan d chuyen tiep c chia thanh 2 n v cau truc (phu i sau) sau: Phu i phan d pha Bac (B1) ay la phan phat trien doc ra ong Nam cua i nang Con Sn, vi he t gay u the co phng ong bac - tay nam va a kinh tuyen. Nhn chung, cac t gay co bien o tang dan theo v tr t Tay sang ong (t vai tram met en 1.000 - 2.000m). a hnh mong co dang bac thang, chm nhanh ve ong Nam, sau nhat 6.000m. Phu tren mong chu yeu la cac tram tch t Miocen en e T. Cac tram tch Oligocen co be day khong ln va vang mat phan Tay, Tay Bac cua phu i, noi chung b vat mong nhanh theo hng t ong sang tay va ong nam len tay bac. Trong phu i nay a phat hien cac cau truc vom ke t gay, phng ong bac - tay nam va thng b t gay phan cat thanh cac khoi. Phan Nam cua phu i co mat mot so cau tao hng v tuyen. a hnh mong the
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hien ac tnh sut lun t t theo hng tay sang ong va t bac xuong nam. Phu i can Natuna (B2) ac trng cua phu i can Natuna la cau truc dang khoi, chieu sau cua mong khoang 5.000m en 5.500m. Tai ay phat trien hai he thong t gay kinh tuyen va a v tuyen. Trong phu i nay a phat hien nhieu cau truc vom. 3.2.3. i sut pha ong (A) Gom dien tch rong ln trung tam va phan ong be Nam Con Sn, vi ac tnh kien tao sut lun, t gay hoat ong nhieu pha chiem u the. a hnh mong phan d manh vi chieu sau thay oi t 1.400m tren phu i nang Mang Cau en hn 10.000m trung tam cua trung sau (Hnh 10.3). Mat khac trung tam cac trung sau, ac trng cau truc cua mong cha c xac nh. i sut pha ong c phan chia lam 5 n v cau truc (phu i) sau: Phu i Trung Bac (A1) Nam gia phu i nang Mang Cau ( pha Nam) va phu i phan d Bac ( pha Tay) la phu trung Bac. No phat trien nh mot trung gia i nang ti cuoi Miocen - gia au Miocen muon. Ranh gii pha ong cua phu i cha c xac nh ro. Phu i nay c ac trng bi phng cau truc va t gay ong Bac - Tay Nam co bien o t vai tram en hn 1.000m. Cac t gay a chia cat mong, tao a hnh khong can xng, doc ng canh Nam va Tay Nam, thoai dan canh Bac - Tay Bac. Be day tram tch Kainozoi thay oi t 4.000m en 10.000m va co mat ay u cac tram tch t Eocen - Oligocen en e T. Tren phan ra Tay Bac phu i trung nay

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

phat hien c cac cau truc vom nang ke t gay, con phan pha ong ngoai cac vom ke ap t gay con phat hien c mot so nang dang vom. Cac cau truc vom nang eu co o sau chon vui ln. Phu i nang Mang Cau (A2) Phu i nang Mang Cau gom cac lo 04 - 2, 04-3, mot phan cac lo 05-1a, 10 va 111. Phu i nang Mang Cau phat trien keo dai hng ong bac - tay nam doc he thong t gay cung phng pha Bac. Trong qua trnh tien hoa phu i b chia cat thanh nhieu khoi bi cac he t gay chu yeu co phng ong bac - tay nam va a kinh tuyen. a hnh mong phan d manh, bien oi t 2.500m pha Tay en 7.000m phan ra ong phu i. Thanh phan mong chu yeu la cac thanh tao granit, granodiorit tuoi Mesozoi muon. Nhieu cau tao vom, ban vom va thanh tao carbonat phat trien ke tha tren cac khoi mong ay. Trong suot qua trnh phat trien a chat t Eocen en Miocen, phu i nang Mang Cau ong vai tro nh mot dai nang gia trung, ngan cach gia hai trung ln nhat be Nam Con Sn (phu i trung Bac va phu i trung Trung tam). Nhng t Pliocen en e T no tham gia vao qua trnh lun chm khu vc chung cua be - giai oan phat trien them luc a hien ai. Phu i trung Trung tam (A3) Phu i nay nam gia 2 phu i: phu i nang Da ( pha Nam) va phu i nang Mang Cau ( pha Bac), chiem mot dien tch rong ln gom cac lo 05-1, 05-2, 05-3 va mot phan cac lo 11, 12-E, 06. Ranh gii pha ong con cha u tai lieu e xac nh cu the.
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Phu i trung Trung tam phat trien chu yeu theo phng ong - ong Bac, m rong ve ong, thu hep dan ve Tay. Theo hng t Tay sang ong trung co dang long mang, trung co xu hng chuyen truc lun chm t a v tuyen sang a kinh tuyen. Phu i trung Trung tam co be day tram tch Kainozoi day t 5.000-14.000m va co ay u cac tram tch t Eocen - Oligocen en e T. Tren phu i nay a phat hien c nhieu cau truc vom, vom ke t gay, song o sau chon vui cua cac cau truc nay kha ln. Ngoai ra, ton tai nhieu cau truc dang khoi t gay, dang vom cuon va dang hnh hoa (Hnh 10.4). Phu i nang Da (A4) Phu i nang Da gi vai tro ngan cach gia phu i trung Trung tam va phu i trung Nam, phat trien theo hng ong bac - tay nam. Tren phu i nay phat hien nhieu cau truc vom nang lien quan en thanh tao carbonat. Phu i trung Nam (A5) Nam pha Nam, ong Nam Be Nam Con Sn thuoc dien tch cac lo 06, 07, 12-E va 13, pha Tay tiep giap vi phu i can Natuna. Ranh gii pha ong cha xac nh cu the, song co le c lu thong vi trung pha Tay be Sarawak. Chieu sau cua mong ay thay oi t 4.000 en 6.000m. 3.3. Lch s phat trien a chat Lch s phat trien be Nam Con Sn gan lien vi qua trnh tach gian Bien ong va co the c chia lam 3 giai oan chnh: Giai oan trc tach gian (Paleocen - Eocen), giai oan ong tach gian (Oligocen - Miocen sm), giai oan sau tach gian (Miocen gia - e T, Hnh 10.5).

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 10.4. Mat cat a chan minh hoa cac dang bay cau truc

Hnh 10.5. Mat cat a chan minh hoa cac chu ky phat trien a chat

Giai oan trc tao rift - Paleocen Eocen Trong giai oan nay che o kien tao toan khu vc nhn chung bnh on, xay ra qua trnh bao mon va san bang a hnh
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co, tuy nhien mot oi ni van co the ton tai nhng trung gia nui. phan trung tam cua be co kha nang ton tai cac thanh tao molas, vun nui la va cac a nui la co tuoi Eocen nh a bat gap tren luc a.

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

Giai oan ong tao rift - Oligocen Miocen sm Do ac iem cau truc a chat phc tap nen con ton tai nhng quan iem khac nhau ve giai oan tao rift cua be Nam Con Sn nh a neu chng 4 va 5 quyen sach nay. ay la giai oan chnh thanh tao be gan lien vi tach gian Bien ong. S m rong cua Bien ong ve pha ong cung vi hoat ong tch cc cua he thong t gay ong Bac - Tay Nam a lam xuat hien a hao Trung tam cua be keo dai theo hng ong bac - tay nam va doc theo cac t gay nay a co phun trao hoat ong. Cac thanh tao tram tch Oligocen - Miocen sm gom cac tram tch vun chu yeu thanh tao trong cac moi trng am ho va i nc l ven b (brackish littoral zone) vi cac tap set ket, bot ket day xen ke cat ket hat mn va moi trng ong bang chau tho thap (lower delta plain) gom cat ket hat mn, bot ket, set ket vi cac lp than mong. Pha kien tao Miocen gia a cham dt giai oan nay va lam thay oi bnh o cau truc cua be. Giai oan sau tao rift - Miocen gia - e T Trong giai oan nay nhn chung che o kien tao kha bnh on hn so vi giai oan trc. Song mot so ni van quan sat thay s nang len bao mon va cat cut mot so cau truc dng a co ( cac lo 04, 05). Ve c ban che o kien tao oan vong va lun chm nhiet, cung nh cac pha bien tien va ngap lut khong che tren dien tch toan be. Hau het cac t gay eu ket thuc hoat ong vao cuoi Miocen. Trong Pliocen - e T phat trien them luc a, bnh o cau truc khong
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con mang tnh ke tha cac giai oan trc, ranh gii gia cac trung gan nh c ong nhat tren toan khu vc. 4. a tang, tram tch va moi trng 4.1. Thanh tao trc Kainozoi Mot so gieng khoan (H-1X, 04-A1X, 04-2-BC-1X, 04-3-B-1X, 10-PM-1X, HONG-1X, 12-Da-1X, 12-C-1X, 20-PH1X, 28-A-1X, 29-A-1X...) be Nam Con Sn gap a mong khong ong nhat bao gom: granit, granodiorit, diorit va a bien chat, tuoi cua cac thanh tao nay co the la Jura muon - Creta. Nam khong chnh hp tren mong khong ong nhat la lp phu tram tch Paleogen e T co chieu day bien oi t hang tram en hang nghn met (Hnh 10.6) 4.2. Cac thanh tao Kainozoi PALEOGEN Oligocen He tang Cau co the xem tng ng vi he tang Bawah, Keras va Gabus (Agip 1980) thuoc be ong Natuna ( pha Nam cua be Nam Con Sn). He tang Cau vang mat tren phan ln cac i nang: Nang Mang Cau, nang Da, phan Tay lo 04, phan ln lo 10, 11-1, 28, 29 va mot so dien tch phan Tay, Tay Nam cua be. Tram tch cua he tang Cau bao gom chu yeu cac lp cat ket co mau xam xen cac lp set bot ket mau nau. Cat ket thach anh hat tho en mn, o la chon kem, xi mang set, carbonat. Chieu day trung bnh khoang 360m. Mat cat he tang Cau co the co ni en hang nghn met chia lam 3 phan: Phan di gom cat ket hat mn en tho He tang Cau (E3 c)

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 10.6. Cot a tang tong hp be Nam Con Sn

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Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

oi khi rat tho hoac san ket, cat ket cha cuoi, va cuoi ket mau xam, xam pht nau, nau o cha cac manh vun than hoac cac lp kep than. mot so gieng khoan gap cac lp a phun trao: andesit, basalt, diabas nam xen ke (GK 20-PH-1X). Phan gia gom chu yeu la cac thanh phan hat mn chiem u the gom cac tap set ket phan lp day en dang khoi mau xam sam, xam en xen ke t bot ket, oi khi pht nau o hoac tm o, kha giau vat chat hu c va voi xen ke cac lp set ket cha than. Phan tren gom cat ket hat nho en va mau xam tro, xam sang oi cho co cha glauconit, trung lo xen ke bot ket, set ket mau xam tro, xam xanh hoac nau o. Set ket cua he tang Cau phan lp day hoac dang khoi, ran chac. phan di tai nhng vung b chon vui sau khoang vat set b bien oi kha manh, mot phan b ket tinh. Set ket he tang nay thng cha vat chat hu c cao nen c coi la tang sinh dau kh, ong thi nhieu ni cung c coi la tang chan tot. Cat ket cua he tang nay co hat mn en nho ( phan tren) hoac hat va en tho, oi khi rat tho ( phan di), o la chon kem en trung bnh, hat ban tron canh en goc canh. oi khi trong cat ket co cha manh vun a bien chat va magma cua cac thanh tao mong trc e Tam. Cac tap cat ket cua he tang Cau co kha nang cha trung bnh. Tuy nhien, chat lng a cha bien oi manh theo chieu sau va theo khu vc tuy thuoc moi trng tram tch va mc o bien oi th sinh. ac iem tram tch neu tren chng to he tang Cau c hnh thanh trong giai oan au tao be. thi ky au, phat trien tram
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tch tng luc a bao gom cac thanh tao lu tch xen tram tch am ho, vung vnh, nhieu khu vc xay ra cac hoat ong nui la tao nen mot so lp phun trao andesit, basalt, diabas va tuf. Vao giai oan sau tram lang cac thanh tao co xu hng mn dan; oi ni cat ket co cha glauconit va hoa thach bien. Tram tch c lang ong trong moi trng tam giac chau, vung vnh en bien ven b (Hnh 10.6). He tang Cau phu khong chnh hp tren mong trc e Tam va c nh tuoi la Oligocen da vao bao t phan hoa i Florschuetza Tribolata va phu i Cicatricosisporite dorogensis Ly copodium neogenicus. NEOGEN Miocen di He tang Da phan bo rong rai trong be Nam Con Sn bao gom chu yeu cat ket, bot ket mau xam sang, xam luc xen ke vi set ket mau xam, xam o, xam xanh; cac lp set cha voi giau vat chat hu c co cha than hoac cac lp than mong. oi khi co nhng lp a voi mong cha nhieu hat vun hoac a voi mau trang xen ke trong he tang. Ty le cat/set trong toan bo mat cat gan tng ng nhau, tuy nhien ve pha ong cua be thanh phan hat mn tang dan va ngc lai, phan ra pha Tay ty le cat ket tang do gan nguon cung cap vat lieu. Cat ket hat nho en hat va oi khi hat tho ( phan di lat cat) co o la chon va mai tron tot. a gan ket tot, co cha nhieu glauconit va hoa thach sinh vat bien, ac biet phong phu trung lo. Cac tram tch ke tren hau nh mi b bien oi th sinh mc o thap, phan ln He tang Da (N11 d)

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

vao giai oan catagen sm. V vay, ac tnh tham va cha nguyen sinh cua a cha hoac rat t b anh hng. Mot so tap cat ket cua he tang c coi la tang cha trung bnh en tot vi o rong thay oi t 17 - 23% va o tham vai chuc mD en vai tram mD. Set ket ngoai thanh phan khoang vat chnh la 2 nhom hydromica va kaolinit, th con cha mot lng ang ke (5 - 10%) nhom khoang vat hon hp cua montmorilonit va hydromica co tnh trng n manh, do vay chat lng chan co phan tot hn. Tram tch he tang Da c thanh tao trong ieu kien a hnh co gan nh bang phang hoac co phan cat khong ang ke. Chnh trong ieu kien nay nen thanh phan lat cat kha ong nhat trong toan vung. Tram tch cua he tang c thanh tao trong moi trng t tam giac chau ti bien nong va bien nong ven b. Chieu day cua he tang Da thay oi t 200m - 800m, ca biet co ni day ti 1.000m (Hnh 10.6). He tang Da nam phu khong chnh hp tren he tang Cau. Tuoi Miocen sm cua he tang Da c xac nh da vao Foram i N6 - N8 (theo Martini, 1971). He tang co the tng ng vi phan chnh cua he tang Barat va mot phan cua he tang Arang (Agip, 1980) thuoc trung ong Natuna. Miocen gia He tang Thong - Mang cau (N1 tmc)
2

kep nhng lp mong set ket va set voi. Phan tren la s xen ke gia cac lp a voi mau xam sang, mau trang sa oi khi mau nau b dolomit hoa vi cac lp set bot ket, cat ket hat mn, xi mang carbonat mau xam xanh. Cac tram tch luc nguyen, luc nguyen cha voi phat trien manh dan ve pha ra Bac va pha Tay - Tay Nam cua be. Tram tch cua he tang Thong - Mang Cau mi b bien oi th sinh giai oan catagen sm nen cac tap cat ket co kha nang cha vao loai tot. a carbonat phat trien kha rong rai tai cac vung nong Trung tam be, ac biet tai cac lo pha ong cua be: cac lo 04, 05, 06... a co mau trang, trang sa, dang khoi, cha phong phu san ho va cac hoa thach ong vat khac, co le a c thanh tao trong moi trng bien m cua them luc a. Trong tap a carbonat con gap xen kep cac lp a voi dolomit hoac dolomit hat nho. Kha nang cha cua tap a carbonat a c xac nh thuoc loai tot ti rat tot vi o rong trung bnh thay oi t 10 - 35%, kieu o rong chu yeu la o rong gia hat (do qua trnh dolomit hoa) va o rong hang hoc (do hoa tan, ra lua cac khoang vat carbonat). Ngoai s khac biet ve cac i co sinh th mc o tai ket tinh va dolomit hoa cua a carbonat cua he tang Thong - Mang Cau manh hn, ay cung la ac iem e phan biet no vi he tang Nam Con Sn nam tren. Tram tch cua he tang Thong - Mang Cau c thanh tao trong moi trng ong bang chau tho en ra trc chau tho chu yeu pha Tay, con phan Trung tam va
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Tram tch cua he tang Thong - Mang

Cau phan bo rong khap be Nam Con Sn. Mat cat he tang co the chia thanh hai phan chnh: Phan di chu yeu la cat ket thach anh hat mn en trung, xi mang carbonat, cha glauconit va nhieu hoa thach sinh vat xen

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

pha ong cua be chu yeu la bien nong trong them en gia them (Hnh 10.6). Chieu day tram tch cua he tang Thong - Mang Cau thay oi t vai met en vai chuc met. He tang Thong - Mang Cau nam chnh hp tren he tang Da. Tuoi Miocen gia c xac nh da vao Foram i N9 - N15, tao carbonat i NN5 - NN9 va bao t phan hoa phu i Florschuetzia semilobat phan di va phu i Florschuetzia trilobata phan tren. He tang co khoi lng tng ng vi mot phan he tang Arang va mot phan he tang Terumbu (Agip 1980) trung ong Natuna. Miocen tren He tang Nam Con Sn mang ten cua be, tram tch cua he tang phan bo rong rai vi tng a thay oi manh cac khu vc khac nhau. ra pha Bac va Tay - Tay Nam tram tch chu yeu la luc nguyen gom set ket, set voi mau xam luc en xam xanh, gan ket yeu xen ke cac lp cat - bot ket cha voi oi khi gap mot so thau knh hoac nhng lp a voi mong cha nhieu manh vun luc nguyen. Cat ket co o la chon va mai tron tot, cha hoa thach ong vat bien va glauconit. vung Trung tam be mat cat gom cac tram tch luc nguyen va carbonat xen ke. Nhng tai mot so vung nang pha ong, ong Nam be a carbonat lai chiem u the trong mat cat cua he tang. He tang Nam Con Sn co be day 200 - 600m va nam bat chnh hp tren he tang Thong - Mang Cau. Theo ac iem tram tch va co sinh th he tang Nam Con Sn c hnh thanh
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trong moi trng bien nong thuoc i trong cua them khu vc pha Tay va thuoc i gia - ngoai them khu vc pha ong. Tuoi Miocen muon cua he tang Nam Con Sn c xac nh da vao Foram i N16-N18, tao carbonat i NN10 - NN11 va bao t phan hoa i Florschuetzia meridionals, he tang tng ng vi phan tren cua he tang Terumbu (Agip 1980) trung ong Natuna. Pliocen - e T He tang Bien ong khong ch phan bo trong be Nam Con Sn ma trong toan khu vc Bien ong lien quan en t bien tien Pliocen. Tram tch Pliocen gom cat ket mau xam, vang nhat va bot ket xen lan vi set ket nhieu voi cha nhieu glauconit va rat nhieu hoa thach trung lo, gan ket yeu hoac b ri. Tuoi Pliocen c xac nh da vao Foram i N19 - N21, tao carbonat i NN12 - NN18 va bao t phan hoa i Dacrydium, he tang tng ng vi tang Muda cua Agip (1980). Tram tch e T bao gom cat gan ket yeu, xen ke vi set va bun cha nhieu di tch sinh vat bien. Tuoi e T c xac nh da vao Foram i N22-N23, tao carbonat NN19 - NN21 va bao t phan hoa i Phyllocladus. S hnh thanh tram tch cua he tang Bien ong lien quan ti giai oan bien tien Pliocen, trong moi trng bien nong ven b, bien nong en bien sau. He tang Bien ong co be day tram tch thay oi rat ln t vai tram met en vai nghn met, nam bat chnh hp tren he tang He tang Bien ong (N2 - Q b)

He tang Nam Con Sn (N13 ncs)

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Nam Con Sn. 5. Cac tch tu hydrocarbon be Nam Con Sn dau c phat hien au tien tai gieng khoan Da - 1X vao nam 1975. Tnh en nam 2004 a co 78 gieng khoan tham do, trong o 28 gieng khoan phat hien va co bieu hien dau kh, chiem ty le thanh cong 35%. a a c 3 mo vao khai thac: mo dau kh ai Hung, cac mo kh Lan Tay va Lan o. ang phat trien e a vao khai thac cac mo kh Rong oi - Rong oi Tay va Hai Thach. Dau va kh c phat hien trong tat ca cac oi tng: Mong nt ne trc e Tam (Mo ai Hung, cac cau tao 04-A, Bo Cau, Gau Ong), cat ket tuoi Oligocen (cac cau tao Da, Hai Thach, Thanh Long, Nguyet Thach, Hng Dng Bac, Bo Cau, 12-C), cat ket tuoi Miocen (cac mo ai Hung, Rong oi, Rong oi Tay, Hai Thach, cac cau tao Kim Cng Tay, Moc Tinh, Song Tien, Nga Bay, Hi Trang, ai Bang, 04-A, Thanh Long, Rong Bay, Gau Ong, Ngan Ha, Phi Ma, Ca Pecca ong, Rong V ai, 12-C, Hai Au), Carbonat tuoi Miocen (cac mo

Lan Tay, Lan o, ai Hung, cac cau tao Thanh Long, ai Bang, Ma, Bac, Da, 04A), cat ket tuoi Pliocen (mo Hai Thach, cac cau tao Moc Tinh, Thanh Long, Kim Cng Tay). be Nam Con Sn, chieu sau cua va dau kh trong tram tch e Tam at ti gan 4.600m (GK 05-1B-TL-2X), la chieu sau ln nhat phat hien dau kh tren them luc a Viet Nam hien nay. Cac phat hien dau kh trong thi gian qua chu yeu la kh va kh condensat. ac iem cac loai dau va kh thien nhien c phat hien be Nam Con Sn cu the nh sau: Dau va condensat be Nam Con Sn co mat o thay oi t nang, trung bnh en nhe. Dau nang co ty trong 210 - 220API, trung bnh 320 - 330API va nhe 400 - 450API. Thanh phan cua dau co the neu tom tat bang 10.1. Thanh phan kh cung thay oi manh cac mo khac nhau, c trnh bay bang 10.2.

Bang 10.1. Thanh phan dau be Nam Con Sn Thong so SAT % ARO % NSO % SAT/ARO PR/PHY PR/n-C17 PHY/n-C18 CPI I CPI II 13C SAT 13C ARO Dau tho Miocen tren 85,4 11,27 3,32 20,6 4,53 1,16 0,25 0,95 1,13 Miocen gia 80,34 12,35 7,35 7,85 5,96 1,83 0,3 1,03 1,11 328 Miocen di 82,98 11,5 5,48 19,69 6,04 2,22 0,31 1,04 1,11 (-) 29 (-) 27 Oligocen - Mong 83,24 10,47 6,16 15,32 6,75 1,2 0,18 1,04 1,08 -

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh Bang 10.2. Thanh phan kh be Nam Con Sn Thanh phan (Mol%) Carbon Dioxid Nitrogen Metan Etan Propan i-Butan n-Butan i-Pentan n-Pentan Hexan Benzen Heptan Octan Nonan Decan Undecan + Dodecan + Tong Lan Tay Lan o (lo 06) 1,17 1,62 93,87 2,29 0,54 0,14 0,13 0,05 0,04 0,05 <0,01 0,04 0,02 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 100,00 Rong oi Rong oi Tay (lo 11-2) 1,61 0,20 84,60 5,88 3,14 0,91 0,70 0,34 0,21 0,31 0,43 0.47 0,28 0,20 0,72 100,00

6. He thong dau kh 6.1. a sinh Tang sinh cho tat ca tap hp trien vong be Nam Con Sn a c phat hien cho en nay chu yeu la a me co tuoi Oligocen nguon am ho, phan bo trong cac a hao va tram tch Miocen sm phan bo rong rai trong be. e anh gia tiem nang sinh dau, kh se nghien cu cac van e sau: Tiem nang hu c, Moi trng lang ong va phan huy vat chat hu c, Dang kerogen, Qua trnh trng thanh vat chat hu c,

so gieng khoan trong cac lo: 05, 06, 12, 20, 21 va 22. Do qua trnh tram tch lang ong va bao ton vat chat hu c trong tng khu vc khac nhau nen tiem nang hu c cung khac nhau. Co the co nhng nhan xet rieng cho tng lo qua cac thong so a hoa ac trng cho tng van e can giai quyet. Tram tch Oligocen co kha nang sinh c m ra cac gieng khoan DH-1X va DH-3X ac trng bi cac tap set ket, bot ket co ham lng TOC bien thien t 0,44 - 1,35%wt. Nh vay, a me thuoc loai t trung bnh en tot. Xen kep vi cac tap set ket, bot ket la cac tap than, set than cung co kha nang sinh hydrocarbon tot. Tai gieng khoan DH-1X o sau 2.900 - 2.960m than chiem 15% trong mau co TOC: 65,18%wt; S2: 166,12mg/g, gieng khoan DH-3X o sau 3.750m co TOC: 58,27%wt; S2: 154,48mg/g. Tai GK 05-1B-TL-2X o
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ac iem hydrocarbon. a. Tiem nang hu c Tram tch Oligocen Tram tch Oligocen chu yeu la cat ket, bot ket va than, mi ch c m ra mot

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 10.7. S bien oi cac thong so a hoa gieng khoan 05.1B-TL-2X

Hnh 10.8. S bien oi cac thong so a hoa gieng khoan 06A-1X

sau 4.164 - 4.825m mau set ket co TOC: 0,92 - 4%wt, S2: 0,97 - 6,57mg/g. Nh vay tram tch luc nguyen tuoi Oligocen lo 05 thuoc loai co vat chat hu c t trung bnh en rat tot co kha nang sinh hon hp kh va
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dau (Hnh 10.7). Ket qua phan tch cac mau trong cac tap set ket, bot ket trong cac gieng khoan 06A1X trong khoang o sau 3.400 - 4.100m cho thay: TOC < 0,5%wt; S2 < 2mg/g chiem

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

a so (60% mau), phan con lai (40% mau) co ham lng TOC va S2 (cua cac tap than) rat cao: TOC: 78,3%wt; S2>9mg/g. Chng to cac tap set than co kha nang sinh hydrocarbon tot (Hnh 10.8). So lng mau phan tch trong cac gieng khoan (12C-1X, 12B-1X, DUA-1X, 12A1X) tng oi nhieu, nhng ham lng TOC va S2 thoa man ieu kien a me sinh dau tot ch gap cac gieng khoan DUA-1X (3900-4000m) va 12B-1X (3700-3800m). lo 20 tram tch Oligocen co mat t o sau 2837-3637m (GK 20-PH-1X) vi ham lng TOC: 0,16-2,9%wt, S2: 1,8mg/g va HI: 140mgHC/gTOC khong u cho cac ch tieu cua mot tang sinh hydrocarbon . a me ay co kha nang sinh kh thuoc loai trung bnh en tot. Cung nh lo 20, lo 21 va lo 22 mi ch khoan 2 gieng khoan: 21-S1X va 22-TT-1X, cho thay ham lng TOC trung bnh 1,46%wt, S2: 1,78mg/g va HI: 95mgHC/gTOC. Cac lo con lai trong khu vc nghien cu cha co tai lieu gieng khoan, cung nh mau phan tch, ch anh gia tiem nang sinh hydrocarbon bang phng phap lap mo hnh hoa cua vat chat hu c [s dung ch so TTI (Temperature - Geological Time Index) se noi ro trong phan trng thanh vat chat hu c]. Tom lai, tram tch Oligocen be Nam Con Sn thuoc loai a me trung bnh en tot, kha nang sinh kh - condensat cao. Tuy nhien, van gap nhng tap set bot giau vat chat hu c (lo 05, 12E) va cac tap set than co y ngha tot cho viec sinh thanh dau. Tram tch Miocen di Cac mau phan tch a hoa tram tch Miocen di cac lo 04-3, 05-3, 06, 10,
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11-1, 11-2, 20, 21 va 12E cho thay ham lng TOC thay oi t 0,45 en 0,8%wt; S2 < 2mg/g the hien a me co ham lng vat chat hu c t trung bnh en thap. So mau co kha nang sinh hydrocarbon trung bnh en tot rat t ch chiem 23% con lai 77% tong so mau thuoc loai ngheo vat chat hu c, khong co mau nao thuoc loai rat giau vat chat hu c (TOC >5%wt). mot so gieng khoan trong cac lo 10, 11, 04 va 05-1 cac mau set than rat giau vat chat hu c va co kha nang sinh hydrocarbon tot en rat tot nhng thanh phan maceral chu yeu la vitrinit va inertrinit, con to phan liptinit thng thap 10%, ieu nay cho thay a me kha nang sinh kh cao. lo 12E tai gieng khoan 12C -1X co ham lng TOC at ti 0,84%wt va S2 at 18,55mg/g o sau 2350 - 2510m trong tap set mau xam thuoc loai a me trung bnh va tot. b. Moi trng lang ong va phan huy vat chat hu c Can c vao cac ty so Pr/nC17 va Ph/ nC18, cung nh moi tng quan gia cac ty so o cho thay vat chat hu c trong cac mau tram tch Miocen di c lang ong chu yeu trong moi trng am lay va hon hp ( cac lo 03, 05, 06 va 12). Qua trnh phan huy vat chat hu c xay ra chu yeu trong ieu kien oxy hoa va oxy hoa kh (Hnh 10.9). Cac mau cua tram tch Oligocen bat gap cac gieng khoan tuy con rat t, chu yeu tap trung cac lo: 05, 11, 12, 20 va 22, nhng lai the hien moi trng lang ong la am lay, luc a va hon hp (Hnh 10.10). lo 12 moi trng lang ong vat chat hu c the hien u the luc a ( gieng khoan 12C-1X co Pr/nC17 > 2 va Ph/nC18 > 0,4; gieng khoan 12A-1X co Pr/nC17 > 1,5 va

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Ph/nC18 > 0,4). Moi trng phan huy vat chat hu c cua a me Oligocen mang tnh kh cao hn trong a me Miocen di.

c. Dang Kerogen Moi quan he gia hai ch so HI va Tmax cho thay dang a me Oligocen va Miocen be Nam Con Sn co nguon goc vat chat hu c loai III la chu yeu va mot t loai II

Hnh 10.9. Bieu o moi trng lang ong va phan huy VCHC tram tch Miocen di cac lo Trung tam va pha ong be Nam Con Sn

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Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

Hnh 10.10. Bieu o moi trng lang ong va phan huy VCHC tram tch Oligocen cac lo Trung tam va pha ong be Nam Con Sn

(Hnh 10.11). ieu nay phu hp vi cac nhan nh tren la vat chat hu c c lang ong trong moi trng luc a.

d. Qua trnh trng thanh cua vat chat hu c Do mat o gieng khoan cha phu kn cac lo cung nh lng mau phan tch cha u
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a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 10.11. Dang vat chat hu c va s tien hoa nhiet tren bieu o quan he HI/Tmax

Hnh 10.12. Bieu o lch s chon vui tram tch theo tai lieu GK TL-1X va TL-2X

noc Miocen di (Hnh 10.17). T nhng ket qua phan tch Ro, SCI, Tmax cac mau cua cac gieng khoan trong be tram tch Nam Con Sn, cho thay qua trnh bien oi vat chat hu c trong tram tch Oligocen va Miocen di cac lo phan

e phan anh o trng thanh trong cac tap tram tch nen a s dung phng phap TTI e thanh lap cac bieu o lch s chon vui (Hnh 10.12), mat cat (Hnh 10.13, 10.14), ban o trng thanh tai ay Oligocen va noc Oligocen (Hnh 10.15, 10.16) va tai

Hnh 10.13. Mat cat mc o trng thanh vat chat hu c qua cac GK theo hng ong-Tay

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Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

Hnh 10.14. Mat cat mc o trng thanh vat chat hu c qua cac GK theo hng TB-N

bo trong vung rat khac nhau. Neu lay cac lo 10, 11 va 12 e chia be Nam Con Sn thanh 2 khu vc pha ong va Tay, th thay ro qua trnh trng thanh cua vat chat hu c hai khu vc la khac nhau. Da vao o phan xa vitrinit, ta phan ra cac giai oan thanh tao hydrocarbon nh bang 10.3. S thay oi gradient nhiet o trong cac gieng khoan be Nam Con Sn co xu the tang dan theo hng t khu vc Tay Nam len ong Bac, gradient a nhiet kha cao cac lo 04 va 05 (Hnh 10.18). Pha Tay be tram tch Trong phan dien tch nay tram tch Miocen sm cha trng thanh ( dien tch

cac lo 19, 20, 21, 22, 28 va 29 xem Hnh 10.17). Con tram tch Oligocen a trai qua qua trnh chuyen hoa vat chat hu c, ngng bat au tao dau sm nhat cach ay 3 trieu nam o sau khoang 3.000m (lo 28), pha tao dau manh nhat trong pham vi cac lo 19, 20, 21 o sau khoang 3.500m (Hnh 10.15, 10.16). ay tang tram tch Oligocen a me thc s trai qua cac pha tao san pham, a me lo 20 a trng thanh va chu yeu nam trong cac pha tao dau manh nhat. Mot so lo khac a ket thuc tao dau va chuyen sang pha tao kh kho. Trong tram tch Oligocen tai gieng khoan 20PH-1X gia tr Ro < 0,72%, con tai gieng khoan 21-

Bang 10.3. Cac giai oan thanh tao hydrocarbon be Nam Con Sn Ngng hien tai o sau (m) 2749-4051 2940-4779 3338-5356 4153-5775 4764-6980 5374-7482 Nhiet o (oC) 112-158 123-166 138-184 151-198 194-234 220-260 335 Thi gian at ngng sm nhat (trieu nam trc) ay Noc Noc Oligocen Oligocen Miocen di 32.2 19.1 9 31.5 18.5 8.1 31 18 6.3 30.3 17.4 4.4 30 16.2 1.6 29 13.9 -

i Cha trng thanh Trng thanh Ca so tao dau Kh am va condensat Kh kho Qua trng thanh

%Ro 0.55 0.72 1.0 1.3 2.0 2.7

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 10.15. S o trng thanh cua VCHC ay tang Oligocen be Nam Con Sn

S-1X gia tr Ro khoang 0,55 - 1,4%. ieu o cho thay qua trnh bien oi vat chat hu c lo 21 dien ra manh me hn lo 20. Pha ong be tram tch Chieu day tram tch pha ong cua be ln hn nhieu so vi pha Tay, v the qua trnh bien oi vat chat hu c dien ra manh me hn. Tram tch Miocen di pha ong
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a trai qua cac pha tao san pham. Ngng bat au tao dau sm nhat xay ra cach ay 6,3 trieu nam o sau 3.338m (lo 12). v tr cac lo 05-3, 05-2, 04-2 va 04-1, tram tch co tuoi Miocen sm sau hn, qua trnh bien oi vat chat hu c dien ra manh hn. Pha tao dau manh nhat Trung tam cac lo va neu co le a ket thuc, chuyen sang pha tao

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

Hnh 10.16. S o trng thanh cua VCHC noc tang Oligocen be Nam Con Sn

kh am va condensat. oi vi tram tch Oligocen pha bat au tao dau va pha tao dau manh nhat ch con xay ra mot so ni (Hnh 10.16), hau het tram tch Oligocen a at ti o sau nam trong giai oan cuoi cua qua trnh bien oi vat chat hu c. Ket qua phan tch mau nhieu gieng khoan a phan anh ro qua trnh
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bien oi vat chat hu c. Ch so mau bao t cac gieng khoan: 12-C, 12-B, 06A... eu phan anh ro o trng thanh cua vat chat hu c. Mot so mau a at ti o trng thanh cao. o sau bat au trng thanh thay oi t 2.749m (GK 06-L-1X) ti 4.501m (lo 04-1). o sau bat au ca so tao dau ni nong nhat la 2.940m (GK 06-L-1X),

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 10.17. S o trng thanh cua VCHC noc tang Miocen ha be Nam Con Sn

ni sau nhat 4.779m. i nong nhat 4.153m (GK 04-3-UT-1X), ni sau nhat 5.775m. o sau bat au i tao kh kho ni nong nhat 4.764m (lo 04-2), ni sau nhat 6.980m. o sau i qua trng thanh ni nong nhat 5.374m (lo 04-2), ni sau nhat 7.482m. Nh vay, tram tch Miocen sm hau nh con nam trong pha tao san pham manh nhat va qua trnh di c bat au xay ra. Tram tch
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Oligocen ang ket thuc pha tao dau manh nhat, chu yeu ang dien ra pha tao kh am - condensat va pha tao kh kho. a me be Nam Con Sn ang cho san pham dau kh. e. ac iem hydrocarbon Lng vat chat hu c trong cac mau tuoi Miocen sm lo 04 ch vao khoang 913 ppm, the hien a me ngheo en trung

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

Hnh 10.18. S o ang gradient a nhiet be Nam Con Sn

bnh. Trong tram tch Oligocen ham lng bitum A trung bnh cua lo 12 la 4701 ppm (lng hydrocarbon sinh ra t a me giau vat chat hu c). Tren giai phan bo N-Alkan trong cac gieng khoan cua cac mau co tuoi Oligocen vi tnh troi c ban trong day C15 - C20 cao, con t C20 - C30 thap the hien
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dang san pham condensat cao (Hnh 10.19). So sanh gia dau tho va chat chiet trong tang a me Oligocen ta thay chung co dang phan bo tng oi giong nhau, hn na moi tng quan gia no - thm - hpn, vi no thm chiem u the. V vay, kha nang dau tho mo ai Hung la dau di c.

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 10.19. Dai phan bo N-alkan cua chat chiet t a me nhom A be Nam Con Sn

Tom lai Tram tch co tuoi Miocen sm va Oligocen co kha nang sinh dau kh, a me thuoc loai trung bnh en tot. ac biet thanh tao set than tuoi Oligocen thuoc loai a me giau vat chat hu c. Vi dang kerogen loai III la chu yeu, lai lang ong trong moi trng luc a, a me be tram tch Nam Con Sn co tiem nang sinh kh condensat cao. Mac du moi trng phan huy vat chat hu c la thuan li: kh yeu va kh. a me be tram tch Nam Con Sn a
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trai qua cac pha tao dau kh, qua trnh di c san pham ti cac bay cha thuan li a xay ra. 6.2. ac iem a cha Nghien cu a cha va kha nang cha da tren cac ch tieu sau: Thanh phan thach hoc, tng a va moi trng thanh tao, Mc o bien oi th sinh, dang khe nt, lo hong, o rong, o tham,

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

Dang va, be day va mc o bao ton cua chung. a cha dau kh trong be Nam Con Sn bao gom mong phong hoa nt ne trc e Tam, cat ket Oligocen, Miocen, Pliocen di va a carbonat Miocen gia - Miocen tren. a cha mong nt ne phong hoa trc Kainozoi Theo cac tai lieu hien co, a nt ne phong hoa cua mong trc Kainozoi mi c phat hien cac gieng khoan mo ai Hung, chung ac trng bi o rong nt ne thay oi kha ln tuy con thieu so lieu e xac nh (V du: Tai cac GK H - 1X, H - 8X khong co so lieu, con GK H - 2X o rong trung bnh 1,3% Hnh 10.20). i phong hoa nt ne cua mong phat trien doc theo cac t gay co the c d oan theo tai lieu a chan 3D. a cha cat ket tuoi Oligocen a cha cat ket tuoi Oligocen a c

phat hien tai cac gieng khoan lo 12, lo 05 cha san pham dau nhe condensat va kh. Moi trng thanh tao chu yeu la vung vnh, bien nong, bien ven b, phan di co sn tch, lu tch va cac loai dang lap ay cac ranh sau. a cha chu yeu cat ket thach anh, manh vun chu yeu la calcit. Tram tch Oligocen b bien oi manh, v vay ca hat vun va xi mang eu b tai ket tinh. Cat ket bien oi thanh cat dang quarzit (Hnh 10.21). Cac hat vun tiep xuc vi nhau chu yeu theo kieu tiep xuc th sinh (> 60%). a ran chac, ac st, he so chat st cao, dao ong t 0,75 - 0,85, o rong pho bien t 12 - 16%, o tham t 0,1 - 1,0mD (i nang lo 12) va d kien co the thap hn nhieu phan Trung tam va ong - ong Bac (lo 04 va 05). Tai cac gieng khoan 12A-1X, Da-1X va Da2X phat hien cac va cha co be day bien oi t 2 - 80m, thng gap t 15 - 25m. Ty so cat tren toan bo lat cat dao ong t 25 - 35%.

a. Granit biotit, thanh chu yeu la plagioclas (pl), orthoclas (Or), biotit (Bi) va thach anh. 1 Nicol, phong ai 70x; b. Ryolit porphyrit (lo 12W) vi cau truc porphyr gom ban tinh plagioclas (Pl), orthoclas (Or). Nen vi kien truc felsit gom ban tinh thach anh, feldspar. a b nt ne, chuyen dch cac nt ne c lap ay bi thach anh (Q), clorit (Ch), calcit (Ca). 2 Nicol, phong ai 70x Hnh 10.20. Anh mau lat mong a mong trc Kainozoi

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a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Andesit (lo 12W) xen trong tram tch Oligocen. a gom ban tinh plagioclas (Pl), vi nen vi tinh plagioclas, pyroxen b clorit hoa manh (Ch), oi khi b epidot hoa (E). 1 Nicol, phong ai 70x Hnh 10.21. Anh mau lat mong a tram tch Oligocen

Tram tch Miocen sm lo 05-2. Cat ket hat mn, o rong (mau xanh). a cha san pham tot. 1 Nicol, phong ai 70x Hnh 10.22. Anh mau lat mong a tram tch Miocen sm

a cha Miocen va Miocen muon Pliocen Tram tch Miocen di cua be Nam Con Sn c thanh tao chu yeu trong ieu kien delta va bien ven b (phan Tay, Tay Nam), bien nong, them nong (phan lo 12, 05, 04)

va them sau (outer-sublitoral) phan Trung tam va ong, ong Bac. a cha gom cat ket thach anh, cat ket a khoang, mau xam sang co xen ke bot va set ket (Hnh 10.22). Cat ket co o la chon tot. Xi mang giau carbonat b bien oi th sinh mc

342

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

(a)

(b)

a voi sinh vat (trong tram tch carbonat khoi xay), a co o rong tot (mau xanh): dang khe nt (a), dang khe nt lien thong vi hang hoc (b), eu co kha nang cha san pham tot. 1 nicol, phong ai 70x Hnh 10.23. Anh mau lat mong a tram tch carbonat Miocen gia

trung bnh. o rong th sinh phat trien do carbonat tai ket tinh. Kieu tiep xuc nguyen sinh gia cac hat ch at 30 - 40%, nhng cho cho kieu tiep xuc th sinh (35 - 55%). He so chat st giam xuong con 0,50 - 0,75, chu yeu la khe hong gia cac hat. phan Tay - Tay Nam cac va cat ket a c phat hien co be day dao ong t 8 - 50m, pho bien 30m, o rong t 18-25% chiem khoang 60% toan bo lat cat Miocen di (theo be day). khu vc cac gieng khoan lo 12, cac va cat co be day thay oi t 2 70m, thng gap t 10 - 15m, o rong thay oi t 14 - 24% chiem khoang 40% chieu day lat cat. khu vc cac gieng khoan lo 05, 04 cac va cat co o day bien oi t 78m, vi o rong thay oi t 16-19% chiem khoang 40% chieu day lat cat. Tram tch Miocen gia c thanh tao chu yeu trong ieu kien them nong, rieng pha Tay, Tay Nam gap tram tch sn delta. Net noi bat la tram tch Miocen gia co be day mong t 300-500m pho bien trong toan vung. lo 04, 05 va 12 pho bien cat ket thach anh, manh vun calcit co o chon loc tot khu vc cac gieng khoan Da, ai Hung va 04B-1X. lo 28, 29 trong khoang
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o sau 1.100-1.350m co cac lp cat ket day, hat trung en tho, xi mang giau carbonat b tai ket tinh manh (Hnh 10.23). Tng t tram tch Miocen di, tram tch Miocen gia cung bien oi mc trung bnh. Cat bot ket gan ket bi xi mang set va calcit tai ket tinh. Kieu tiep xuc th sinh t 35-45%, he so chat st dao ong t 0,5-0,75. o rong th sinh phat trien do carbonat tai ket tinh. khu vc Tay, Tay Nam cac va cat co be day thay oi t 8 - 50m, thng gap 30m, chiem khoang 60% chieu day lat cat co o rong thay oi t 18-25%, o tham t 15-130mD. khu vc lo 06, 05, 04-3, cat co o day bien oi t 2 - 20m, thng gap 10m, o rong thay oi t 16-20%, o tham t 815mD chiem khoang 38% o day lat cat. Tram tch Miocen tren c thanh tao chu yeu trong ieu kien bien nong trong - ngoai, tr phan Tay, Tay Nam van con tiep tuc phat trien tram tch ven b, sn delta, be day dao ong t vai chuc met khu vc gieng khoan 04A-1X en tren di 300m gieng khoan Da-1X va tren 500m phan Trung tam be. Noi chung cat, bot

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

(a)

(b)

a. Tram tch Miocen (lo 11-2). Cat ket hat mn, cha Foraminifera co o rong tot (mau xanh). Moi trng lang ong ven b (brackisk littoral zone). 1 nicol, phong ai 70x b. Tram tch Miocen (lo 12W). Cat ket hat mn moi trng them delta cha nhieu glauconit (Gl) co o rong (mau xanh), kha nang cha san pham tot. 1 nicol, phong ai 70x Hnh 10.24. Anh mau lat mong a cat ket Miocen tren

a gan ket kha ran chac hoac trung bnh. Thanh phan cac manh vun chiem u the la cac manh vun dolomit. Tram tch Miocen tren noi chung nam trong giai oan tao a (diagen) sm. Cac manh vun biotit b bac mau, thuy hoa va clorit hoa. Cac manh vun thach anh b gam mon, fenspat b calcit hoa, set hoa, xuat hien xi mang calcit tai ket tinh (Hnh 10.24). Do qua trnh bien chat, gia cac manh vun, neu nh tram tch Pliocen tiep xuc nguyen sinh 100% th

Miocen tren a xuat hien kieu tiep xuc th sinh (<35%). He so chat st < 0,5. khu vc cac gieng khoan lo 12 phat hien cac va cat day t 5-7m, thng gap 30m, o rong at ti 18-24%, chiem khoang 60% chieu day lat cat. khu vc cac gieng khoan lo 04 va H phat hien cac va cat ket, chieu day t 3-5m, nhng thng gap t 5 - 10m, o rong at ti 13-24%, chiem khoang 60% chieu day lat cat. dien tch cac lo 05-2, 05-3 va 06 bang tai lieu a chan a phat

Hnh 10.25. Mat cat a chan qua mo ai Hung va cau tao Thanh Long

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Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

hien cac turbidit cua cac dong chay co, co kha nang la a cha tot tuoi Miocen muon - Pliocen sm. a cha carbonat a cha carbonat be Nam Con Sn c phan bo chu yeu pha ong be trong cac tram tch Miocen gia (he tang ThongMang Cau) va Miocen tren (he tang Nam Con Sn). a cha carbonat Miocen gia phat trien kha rong rai trong pham vi cac lo 04, 05, 06,... pha ong cua be. Tai cac gieng khoan Da, Lan Tay, Lan o, ai Hung, 04B-1X gap a voi sinh vat ong nhat, dang khoi, mau trang sa, o rong khoang 20-38%. Kieu o rong chu yeu la o rong gia hat do qua trnh dolomit hoa va o rong hang hoc do hoa tan, ra lua cac khoang vat carbonat. Tap a voi tai gieng khoan 12B-1X day ti 228m, o rong at ti 27% chiem 55% chieu day lat cat Miocen tren 6.3. ac iem a chan be Nam Con Sn ton tai cac tang a chan a phng va tang a chan co tnh khu vc. a chan a phng la cac tap tram tch hat mn bao gom set, bot, set than va set voi cua tram tch Oligocen va Miocen nam xen ke vi cac tap hat tho. Chieu day cua cac tap a chan a phng thay oi t vai

met en vai chuc met, chu yeu phan bo trong cac a hao va ban a hao, ac biet trung pha ong cua be, chung c thanh tao trong moi trng am lay, vung vnh va bien nong. Thanh phan thach hoc cua set co ham lng kaolinit t 60-70% va ilit t 30-40%, phan anh chat lng chan t trung bnh en tot. a chan co tnh khu vc la tram tch hat mn tuoi Pliocen sm co be day t vai chuc en hang tram met, c thanh tao trong moi trng bien, phan bo rong khap trong pham vi cua be. Ngoai cac tang a chan a neu tren, con co man chan kien tao. Vai tro cua cac mat trt t gay trong kha nang chan cung a co mot v tr quan trong oi vi cac mo (ai Hung, Rong oi - Rong oi Tay). 6.4. Dch chuyen va nap bay Ket qua phan tch a hoa cho thay a me Miocen co ham lng vat chat hu c khong cao, hau het ang trang thai cha trng thanh nen kha nang sinh hydrocarbon han che, v vay san pham dau kh co mat trong lat cat Miocen - Pliocen di chu yeu c di c t a me nam o sau ln hn. Ket qua phan tch dau tho trong Oligocen mo ai Hung cho thay HC no chiem mot ty le ln (t 80 - 90%), chng to dau ay khong phai tai sinh ma la di c ti. S tang

Bang 10.4. S tang dan cua HC no theo chieu sau mo ai Hung Va 11 9 5 2 o sau 2025 - 2068 2168 - 2226 2333 - 2338 3017 - 3129 a tang N11 N11 N11 E3 HC no 71,79 86,43 83,88 88,21 HC thm va HPN 28,21 13,57 16,12 11,79

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a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 10.26. S o phan bo play mong nt ne

khoan (lo 10, 12, 28 va 29) a minh chng cho nhan xet o. 7. Cac dang play hydrocarbon va cac kieu bay be Nam Con Sn ton tai 4 dang play hydrocarbon: a mong nt ne trc e Tam, tram tch cat ket tuoi Oligocen, tram tch cat ket tuoi Miocen, thanh tao carbonat tuoi Miocen.

7.1. Play hydrocarbon a mong nt ne trc e Tam (play 1) Tng t nh cac mo Bach Ho, S T en, S T Vang, Rang ong, Rong, Hong Ngoc cua be Cu Long, Play nay a c xac minh cha dau mo ai Hung (Hnh 10.25). Thanh phan a chu yeu la granit, granodiorit, co o rong nt ne, hang hoc trung bnh 2 - 5%. a me cung cap hydrocarbon cho play

346

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

dan cua HC no theo chieu sau mo ai Hung (Bang 10.4) the hien qua trnh dch chuyen va nap dau kh vao bay theo phng cheo ngang t a me nam sau hn. Hydrocarbon sinh ra t a me tuoi Oligocen bat au di c cach ay 18,2 trieu nam, con t a me tuoi Miocen sm 2,8 trieu nam. Nh vay, cac kieu bay co thi gian thanh tao va c hoan thien trc Miocen gia

eu co kha nang on nhan san pham dau kh. ac biet cac bay cau tao va hon hp phat trien ke tha tren cac khoi mong cao. Song, do hoat ong kien tao be Nam Con Sn xay ra rat manh ke t Oligocen cho en cuoi Pliocen sm vi nhieu pha khac nhau, nen nhieu tch tu dau kh a khong c bao ton. Dau kh a b di thoat ra khoi bay va dch chuyen tiep. Dau vet dau nang gap trong a mong nt ne mot so gieng

Hnh 10.27. S o phan bo play cat ket Oligocen

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a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 10.28. Mat cat a chat - a vat ly qua cac cau tao RDT-1XR, RD-1XST, RD-2X

nay chu yeu la set va set than Oligocen phan bo cac i trung sau Bay cha chnh la khoi t gay, tang chan la tap set phu trc tiep len be mat mong. oi cho mat trt cua t gay cung gi vai tro chan quan trong. Cho en nay pham vi phan bo cua play nay mi phat hien c tren i nang Mang Cau cua be (Hnh 10.26). 7.2. Play hydrocarbon cat ket tuoi Oligocen (play 2) Tram tch cat ket tuoi Oligocen cha dau kh a c phat hien mot so gieng khoan phan ong be Nam Con Sn vi chieu sau tren 3.500m. Cat ket c lang ong trong moi trng boi tch, song ngoi, tam giac chau en bien ven b. Tram tch bien tng manh, nen pham vi phan bo cua play nay b han che va o lien thong phc tap. o rong va o tham giam nhanh theo chieu sau, tuy nhien nhng i co d thng ap suat cao phan tren lat cat th van ton tai cac va cha dau kh, tham ch
348

en 4.600m (cau tao Thanh Long). a me cua play cat ket Oligocen la cac tap set va set than cung tuoi. Kieu bay chu yeu la bay cau tao - a tang nam ke tha va ke cac khoi nho cua mong (Hnh 10.4). Man chan la cac tap set, bot xen ke trong tang. Play nay phan bo tap trung cac a hao, ac biet trung pha ong cua be (Hnh 10.27). 7.3. Play hydrocarbon cat ket tuoi Miocen (play 3) Play cat ket cha dau kh tuoi Miocen phan bo rong khap trong pham vi cua be, gom nhieu tap va mong t vai met en 2025m o sau 1.800-3.500m. Cat ket c thanh tao trong moi trng ca song, am lay ven bien, bien nong en bien them ngoai. Play nay a c chng minh va gi vai tro quan trong trong tr lng dau kh cua cac mo ai Hung, Rong oi - Rong oi Tay, Hai Thach va cac phat hien nh Thanh Long, 12-C, Kim Cng Tay, Moc Tinh, Gau Ong, ai Bang.

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

Hnh 10.29. S o phan bo play cat ket Miocen di - gia

a me cua play nay la set, set than va set voi Oligocen va Miocen di. Kieu bay rat phong phu: bay cau tao gom vom, vom t gay, khoi t gay, hnh hoa, nep loi cuon, bay hon hp cau tao - a tang (doi cat, thau knh cat, turbidit Hnh 10.28). Tang chan la cac tap set bot xen ke trong tram tch Miocen va tap set phan bo kha rong tuoi Pliocen sm. Pham vi phan bo cua play nay tng oi pho bien trong dien
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tch cua be va la hydrocarbon quan trong cac mo hien nay (ai Hung, Rong oi Rong oi Tay, Hai Thach, Hnh 10.29). 7.4. Play hydrocarbon carbonat tuoi Miocen (play 4) Thanh tao carbonat bao gom ca dang nen (platform) va am tieu (reef) phan bo chu yeu dien tch pha ong cua be, hnh thanh trong moi trng bien nong va them

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 10.30. Mat cat a chat - a vat ly qua GK 06-LT-1XR, 06-LT-2X

nong. a me cho play nay la cac tap set, set than va set voi tuoi Oligocen va Miocen sm. Cac khoi xay am tieu cua play nay la cac tch tu dau kh quan trong cua cac mo ai Hung, Lan Tay, Lan o va cac phat hien nh Thanh Long, 04-A, ai Bang, Bac (Hnh 10.30) Bay am tieu san ho nam o sau t 1.000 -1.800m, co o rong rat cao 36-39% va o tham ti hang nghn mD. Con bay kieu nen carbonat cho en nay van cha co phat hien dau kh nao ang ke. Tang chan chnh ay la tap set bien Pliocen sm phan bo rong vi chieu day ti 30-40m. Play nay phan bo tap trung cac i nang cua trung pha ong be (Hnh 10.31).
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8. Tiem nang tai nguyen dau kh Cho en nay tat ca cac play be Nam Con Sn a co phat hien dau kh: Play mong (mo ai Hung, cau tao Bo Cau), Play cat ket Oligocen (cau tao Da, 12C, Thanh Long...), Play cat ket Miocen (mo ai Hung, Rong oi - Rong oi Tay, Hai Thach, Thanh Long...), Play carbonat Miocen (Lan Tay, Lan o, ai Hung, Thanh Long...). Trong o a phat trien a vao khai thac cac mo ai Hung, Lan Tay - Lan o va ang phat trien cac mo Rong oi - Rong oi Tay, Hai Thach e a vao khai thac trong thi gian ti. Ngoai ra con mot so phat hien ang c tham lng.

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

Hnh 10.31. S o phan bo play carbonat Miocen gia-tren.

Mo ai Hung Mo ai Hung c X nghiep Lien doanh Vietsovpetro phat hien dau trong cat ket gieng khoan H-1 nam 1988. en nam 1993 nha thau BHP cung vi mot so oi tac khac a ky hp ong PSC vi Petrovietnam e tham do va khai thac mo nay. Mo c a vao khai thac sm t nam 1991. Ket qua khoan tham lng va khai thac cho thay mo ai Hung co cau
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truc rat phc tap b phan cat thanh nhieu khoi bi hang loat t gay phng B-TN, TB-N va a -T. Mo co nhieu oi tng cha san pham bao gom cat ket Miocen co o rong 14 - 21%, carbonat Miocen co o rong 16 - 22% va a mong trc e Tam (granit, granodiorit nt ne), trong o play cat ket Miocen la oi tng khai thac chnh cua mo hien nay (Hnh 10.25).

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Be Nam Con Sn

Be Nam Con Sn

600
8% 7% 0% 9% ang khai tha c La p ke hoa ch ang a nh gia Kho ng thng ma i 75% Cha a nh gia Cha pha t hie n

Tr. tan quy dau

1%

a khai tha c

500 400 300 200 100 0 Play 1 Play 2 Play 3 Play 4 Cha pha t hie n Pha t hie n co n la i a khai tha c

Hnh 10.32. Phan bo tr lng va tiem nang dau kh theo mc o tham do

Hnh 10.33. Phan bo tr lng va tiem nang dau kh theo play

Cac mo kh Lan Tay, Lan o Mo kh Lan o c ONGC phat hien vao nam 1992 va mo kh Lan Tay vao nam 1993 bi to hp cac cong ty dau kh quoc te BP, ONGC va Statoil (Hnh 10.30). Cau truc a chat cua cac mo nay kha n gian, la cac khoi xay carbonat Miocen tren tng oi ong nhat, t b phan cat bi t gay pha huy. Bien o cua cac khoi carbonat t 450m en 600m. Chieu day than cha san pham phat hien cac gieng khoan thay oi t 35m en 122m. o rong trung bnh 28 en 39%. o tham t 750mD en 2.500mD. Mo kh Lan Tay a c a vao khai thac t nam 2002. Hien tai mo ang khai thac vi san lng 2,7 ty m3/nam. Mo Hai Thach Mo Hai Thach c phat hien vao nam 1995 bi to hp cong ty BP, Statoil. Cau truc cua mo Hai Thach rat phc tap, c phan chia thanh 3 khoi bi cac t gay co hng ong bac - tay nam, khoi a luy trung tam va hai khoi sut TB va N cua cau tao. Hoat ong t gay the hien ro trong thi ky syn-rift, nhng hau het ket thuc vao cuoi Miocen gia. a cha san pham mo Hai Thach bat
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gap cac gieng khoan co tuoi t Miocen sm en Miocen muon, bao gom cac tap cat mong, co o lien thong han che va mc o bien tng nhanh. o rong cua cat thay oi t 10% en 20%, Miocen gia t 10% en 25%, con Miocen tren t 20% en 30%. Bay cha cua mo Hai Thach thuoc dang bay hon hp (Khoi t gay ket hp thach a tang). Ngoai cac mo ac trng cho tng loai play neu tren be Nam Con Sn con nhieu phat hien dau kh, trong o chu yeu la kh va kh condensat. Hien tai co nhieu phat hien ang c khoan tham lng. Ket qua tham do en nay cho thay be Nam Con Sn co tiem nang dau kh ang ke, vi tong tr lng va tiem nang khoang 900 trieu tan qui dau, trong o tiem nang kh chiem u the (khoang 60%). en nay tai be Nam Con Sn a co hn 20 phat hien dau kh vi tong tr lng va tiem nang a phat hien khoang 215 trieu tan qui dau (kh chiem u the), trong o a a 2 mo vao khai thac (ai Hung, Lan Tay-Lan o) vi tr lng khoang 65 trieu tan qui dau. Tr lng 2 mo ang phat trien (Hai Thach, Rong oi-Rong oi Tay) khoang 60 trieu tan qui dau. Tiem nang

Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

cha phat hien cua be Nam Con Sn d bao khoang 680 trieu tan qui dau (chu yeu la kh). Ket qua tnh toan tong tai nguyen dau kh co the thu hoi cua be Nam Con Sn c trnh bay hnh 10.32 va 10.33. 9. Ket luan Be tram tch Nam Con Sn thuoc kieu be ra luc a, hnh thanh theo c che tach gian (rift) vao thi ky Oligocen, chu tac ong cua qua trnh tach gian Bien ong. Tram tch Kainozoi lang ong trong moi trng song ngoi, am lay ven bien, bien nong en bien sau, co be day ln co the ti 14km trung Trung tam va trung ong Bac cua be. Ngoai cac thanh tao luc nguyen, dien tch pha ong cua be phat trien thanh tao carbonat trong thi ky Miocen gia muon bao gom ca carbonat nen (platform) va am tieu (reef) vi be day co ni en 300 met. Hoat ong t gay xay ra theo nhieu pha khac nhau, t Eocen en cuoi Pliocen, oi cho con keo dai en Hien ai, nhng manh nhat vao hai thi ky: cuoi Oligocen va cuoi Miocen gia. Hai he thong t gay chnh khong che tien trnh hnh thanh va phat trien Be: he thong t gay phng ong bac - tay nam (phan bo chu yeu phan pha ong cua Be) va he thong t gay phng a kinh tuyen (phan bo chu yeu phan pha Tay). Bien o thang ng cua cac t gay at ti hang nghn met va chieu dai en hang tram km. a sinh hydrocarbon gom hai loai: tram tch set than, set bot tuoi Oligocen thanh tao trong moi trng luc a, kerogen loai
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II/III co kha nang sinh ca kh va dau, tram tch set bot tuoi Miocen sm thanh tao trong moi trng bien, kerogen loai III co kha nang sinh kh. a cha gom: granit, granodiorit tuoi Mesozoi, cat ket tuoi Oligocen, Miocen va Pliocen sm, carbonat tuoi Miocen gia, muon. Cac va cha vun luc nguyen a so mong (10 - 20m), bien tng nhanh, o rong va tham giam nhanh theo chieu sau. Tang chan co hai dang: chan a phng la cac tap tram tch hat mn nam xen ke trong cac phc he tram tch co tuoi khac nhau va chan mang tnh khu vc la tap set kha day (80-120m), trai rong co tuoi Pliocen sm pho bien phan ong cua Be. Bay cha rat a dang: Khoi t gay - nt ne, vom t gay, nep loi cuon, hnh hoa, cau tao - a tang, khoi xay carbonat, thau knh cat... va co thi gian thanh tao rat khac nhau. Mac du be Nam Con Sn co hoat ong tm kiem tham do dau kh sm nhat tren them luc a Viet Nam, song mat o gieng khoan tham do con qua t, mi mc di 1 gieng khoan/1.000km2 va cung ch tap trung mot so lo nhat nh, nen ac iem cau truc va he thong dau kh cua be van con ton tai mot so van e cha c sang to, ac biet la cac van e sau: S khac biet ve che o kien tao - t gay va moi trng tram tch gia dien tch pha ong va dien tch pha Tay cua be cha co c mot ly giai ay u, he thong. Moi quan he gia phan bo a me (vung cung cap) vi cac tch tu dau kh can c nghien cu chi tiet nham xac lap quy luat phan bo san pham trong be, ong thi anh gia mc o bao ton san pham do hai tang

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

a me Oligocen va Miocen sm sinh ra. ac iem va tnh chat tham cha cua tram tch luc nguyen tuoi Miocen sm va Oligocen: o rong, o tham, moi quan he cua chung vi chieu sau va i co d thng ap suat cao can c tap trung nghien cu lam ro nham nang cao hieu qua tham do. Be Nam Con Sn co tiem nang dau kh ln vi nhieu play va loai bay khac nhau, song cho en nay tr lng va tiem nang a phat hien mi ch chiem gan 25% tong tiem nang co kha nang thu hoi cua be. Bi vay, trong thi gian ti can ay manh cong

tac nghien cu va tham do, ac biet la cac loai bay phi cau tao - mot loai bay kha pho bien trong be nhng cha c quan tam au t tham do. e nang cao hieu qua cua cong tac tham do can ay manh cong tac nghien cu lam ro nhng ton tai neu tren, ong thi tien hanh phan tch va anh gia tong the tiem nang dau kh va nhng yeu to rui ro trong he thong dau kh nham phan hang oi tng co trien vong e tm kiem tham do, ac biet la phan dien tch pha Tay cua be.

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Chng 10. Be tram tch Nam Con Sn va tai nguyen dau kh

Tai lieu tham khao 1. Cac nha thau dau kh nc ngoai, 1989 - 2005. Cac bao cao anh gia a chat, khoan va tr lng dau kh. Lu tr dau kh. 2. David Willmore, Nguyen Giao, Le Van Dung, Nguyen Trong Tn, 1991. Petroleum Geology and Hydrocarbon Potential of Nam Con Son basin. Lu tr dau kh. 3. Nguyen Giao va nnk, 1990. Chnh xac hoa cau truc a chat, anh gia tiem nang va e xuat phng hng TKTD dau kh be Nam Con Sn. Lu tr dau kh. 4. Nguyen Th Dau va nnk, 2000. Mo hnh a hoa be Nam Con Sn. Lu tr dau kh. 5. Nguyen Trong Tn va nnk, 1993. anh gia tiem nang dau kh be Nam Con Sn. Lu tr dau kh. 6. Nguyen Trong Tn va nnk, 1995. Chnh xac hoa cau truc a chat va tr lng dau kh phan pha ong be Cu Long va Nam Con Sn. Lu tr dau kh. 7. Nguyen Trong Tn va nnk, 1997. Nghien cu anh gia tiem nang dau kh phan pha Tay be Nam Con sn. Lu tr dau kh. 8. Nguyen Trong Tn va nnk, 2005. anh gia tiem nang va tr lng dau kh be tram tch Nam Con Sn tren c s tai lieu en 12/2003. Lu tr dau kh. 9. Tran Cong Tao va nnk, 1997. anh gia a hoa tram tch e Tam be Nam Con Sn. Lu tr dau kh.

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