Chng

12

Be tram tch T ChnhVung May va tai nguyen dau kh

Chng 12. Be tram tch T Chnh Vung May

1. Gii thieu Be T Chnh - Vung May nam chu yeu cac lo 132, 133, 134, 135 va mot phan cac lo 136, 156, 157, 158 va 159. o sau nc bien khu vc nay dao ong trong khoang 1000 - 1500 m trong o phan ln dien tch cac lo 133, 134 va phan Tay Bac lo 135, phan Tay lo 157 va goc Tay Bac lo 158 co o sau nc bien di 1.000 m vi mot loat cac bai a ngam, bai can nh Vung May, Huyen Tran, Que ng, Phuc Nguyen va T Chnh c quen goi di cai ten chung la khu vc bai T Chnh (Hnh 5.1, Chng 5). Be T Chnh Vung May co khoang 4.800 km2 co o sau nc bien di 500m, nc trong o khoang 2.500 km nong di
2

Phu Khanh, Cu Long, Nam Con Sn. 2. Lch s nghien cu, tm kiem tham do dau kh T nhng nam 70, Cong ty Mandrel a tien hanh khao sat a chan khu vc them luc a Nam Viet Nam trong o phan pha ong cac tuyen 8 va 9 co vn ra vung bien nc sau thuoc lo 129 va 133. Trong khoang t 1983 en 1985 Lien oan a vat ly Thai Bnh Dng (DMNG) cua Lien Xo (cu) thc hien 02 t khao sat a chan khu vc Tay Nam Bien ong trong o bao gom ca khu vc bai T Chnh. Cong ty BP co tien hanh nghien cu khu vc nc sau thuoc pham vi cac lo 132, 133, 134 vao thang 10 nam 1992, Cong ty Shell khi thanh lap ban o play (Play map) them luc a Nam Viet Nam co ve s o mong trc e Tam cac lo 132, 133, 134, 135 thuoc khu vc bai T Chnh (Hnh 12.1). Nam 1993 Cong ty Tham do va Khai thac Dau kh (PVEP) thuoc Tong cong ty Dau kh Viet Nam a thc hien e an khao sat a chan tai be T Chnh Vung May (TC - 93) vi muc ch anh gia cau truc a chat va trien vong dau kh cua vung nghien cu. Tau M/V A. Gamburtsev Lien oan a vat ly Thai Bnh Dng a tien hanh khao sat 9.500 km tuyen a chan,
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100 m nc. Bai Phuc Nguyen co khoang 1.500 km nc nong di 100 m nc, bai
2

Phuc Tan co khoang 1.000 km2, bai Huyen Tran khoang 150 km va bai Que ng
2

khoang 250 km2. Phan trung tam lo 133 co khoang 5.500 km o sau nc di 500 m,
2

trong o 500 km2 o sau nc di 300 m. Bai Vung May co khoang 7.500 km nc
2

sau di 500 m, trong o khoang 5.000 km2 co o sau nc di 200 m nc [11]. Be T Chnh Vung May t lau a c xem la khu vc be ngoai (outer basins) co tiem nang dau kh ben canh cac be tram tch them luc a ong Nam Viet Nam nh

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 12.1. S o mong KZ cac lo 132-135 khu vc bai T Chnh (theo Shell, 1992)

trong o be T Chnh Vung May c an day mang 8x8 km; khu vc Vung May co mang 6,5 - 20x4,5 - 8,5 km va mang 16x32 km hoac 32x64 km khu vc con lai (Hnh 12.2). Nam 1994 Cong ty PVEP a khoan gieng tham do i nang T Chnh (PV - 94 - 2X) at chieu sau 3.331 m, ket qua lan au tien a m ra mat cat a chat hoan toan mi, gop phan anh gia co c s hn ve cau truc a chat va trien vong dau kh cua vung nay [9]. Nam 1995 PVEP tiep tuc tien hanh thu no 2.895 km tuyen a chan chi tiet mang

2x2 km e nghien cu cac cau tao co trien vong. Ngay 10-4-1996, Petrovietnam va Cong ty Conoco (My) a ky Hp ong Hp tac kinh doanh (BCC) lo 133 va 134 vi tong dien tch 12.933 km2. Trong nam 1996 va 1997, Conoco a tien hanh tai x ly mot so tuyen a chan cu, ong thi nam 1998 a thu no them 2.000 km tuyen a chan 2D an day phan pha Tay lo 133 va 134 minh giai, ve ban o nghien cu anh gia a chat va tiem nang trien vong dau kh nham vach ra cac bc tiep theo.

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Chng 12. Be tram tch T Chnh Vung May

Hnh 12.2. S o khu vc khao sat a chan TC-93

3. ac iem cau kien tao Nam 1998 Conoco a tien hanh nghien cu cac ro r dau, kh bang phng phap vien tham tren c s khong anh cua European Space Agency (ERSSAR) va Radarsat Image (Radarsat SAR) va hoan thanh Bao cao anh gia tiem nang trien vong cac lo nc sau 133, 134 [7]. Nam 2000 Conoco va PVSC hoan thanh viec minh giai a chan, anh gia trien vong cac cau tao phan pha Tay lo 133, 134 va xac nh v tr cac gieng khoan chuan b cho tham do [12]. 3.1. ac iem cau truc Be T Chnh - Vung May nam trong mot khu vc co cac yeu to cau kien tao het sc phc tap cua mien cau truc Sundaland (hay them Sunda), pha Tay Nam Bien ong. Tren them Sunda a hnh thanh mot loat be rift sau cung vao cuoi Mesozoi (?) au Kainozoi vnh Thai Lan, Malaysia, ong va Tay Natuna, Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah va Nam Viet Nam, trong o co be T Chnh - Vung May. Cac be nay c hnh thanh va phat trien chu yeu tren mien vo chuyen tiep (vo luc a b vat mong).
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a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Bien ong la mot be nc sau, c hnh thanh do qua trnh tach gian tao vo ai dng t Oligocen tr lai ay, ni lp vo trai at co chieu day khoang 5 - 8 km. Cac cau truc cua vo luc a b ai dng hoa va hnh thanh Bien ong vi pha Bac la cau truc Hoang Sa - Macclesfield va pha Nam la cau truc Trng Sa - Reed Bank. Vo luc a ay b vat mong va dao ong trong khoang t 8 - 20 km [1, 3]. Ban o mong khu vc TL ong Nam Viet Nam va vung lan can cho thay khu vc be T Chnh - Vung May nam mot phan ranh gii ngoai cung cua TL nay va mot phan nam be ngoai (outer basins). Them luc a ong Nam Viet Nam bao gom cac yeu to cau - kien tao chnh la be Phu Khanh, them Phan Rang, be Cu Long, i nang Con Sn, a luy Hon Hai, be Nam Con Sn, i nang Ra phat trien tren vo luc a. Phan nc sau t tren 1.000 m gom be Vung May, i nang Vung May - a Lat phat trien tren vo chuyen tiep va be nc sau Bien ong phat trien tren vo ai dng (Hnh 12.3) [10]. Khu vc T Chnh - Vung May c thanh tao bi cac i nang va trung phat trien theo hng ong bac - tay nam la chnh. i nang co dang khoi - a luy hoac khoi t gay co lp phu tram tch e Tam t nhat khoang 2,5 - 3,5 km. Cac i trung co dang a hao, ban a hao lap ay tram tch e Tam day ti 6 - 7 km (Hnh 12.4). Da vao ac iem hnh thai co the nhan biet 3 n v cau truc chnh la i nang Ra, be tram tch Vung May va i nang Vung May - a Lat (Hnh 12.4) [2, 10]. 3.1.1. i Nang Ra Phat trien chu yeu trong pham v cac
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lo 132, 133, 134, mot phan lo 135 va 157 trong vung nc xap x 1.000 m. i nang ra tiep giap vi be Nam Con Sn ve pha Tay, be Vung May ve pha ong, be nc sau Bien ong ve pha Bac. i nang Ra gom cac yeu to cau truc sau: i cao T Chnh gom a luy T Chnh phat trien ranh gii lo 134 - 135, trong vung o sau nc 200 - 1.000 m va i cao TB T Chnh phat trien phan TN lo 134 ni nc sau 300 - 450 m. ac iem noi bat cua i cao T Chnh la a voi phat trien t cuoi Miocen gia en ay bien. i trung Phuc Nguyen phat trien lo 134 vi hng cau truc TB - N trong vung nc sau 500 - 800 m. Lp phu tram tch e Tam co the ti 6 - 7 km, a voi t phat trien. i cao Phuc Nguyen - Phuc Tan phat trien lo 133 va phan Tay lo 157 ni co o sau nc bien 200 - 800 m. Tram tch e Tam day 4 - 5 km. a voi Miocen gia hien tai phat trien manh pha ong. i trung Bac Phuc Tan phat trien vung giap ranh gia lo 132 va 156, ni co o sau nc bien khoang 800 - 1.000 m. i nay ac trng bang cac ban a hao phat trien canh sut t gay hng B - TN vi lp phu tram tch e Tam day 3 - 4 km. i cao ong Sn phat trien lo 132 ni nc sau 800 - 1.000 m, lp phu tram tch day 3 - 4 km phat trien canh cao cac t gay hng B - TN. 3.1.2. Be Vung May Be nay phat trien theo hng B - TN ve pha ong, ong Nam i Nang Ra, trong pham vi cac lo 136, 156, 157, 158 va 159, ni co o sau nc sau 1.000 - 2.000 m. Be c lap ay tram tch e Tam day

Chng 12. Be tram tch T Chnh Vung May

Hnh 12.3. Be T Chnh - Vung May trong bnh o cau truc them luc a ong Nam Viet Nam

6 7 km. Theo hnh thai cau truc, be Vung May co the chia thanh 02 phu be: phu be TN Vung May co hng cau truc B - TN va phu be TB Vung May co hng cau truc a kinh tuyen. 3.1.3. i nang Vung May - a Lat i nang Vung May - a Lat phat trien phan pha ong lo 156 - 158 ong thi, cung la ranh gii pha ong cua be Vung May. i nang nay co phng cau truc a kinh tuyen, c phu bi tram tch e Tam day 3 - 5 km vi 2 phu i ro ret: phu i cao Vung May co dang khoi - a luy pha
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Nam va phu i cao a Lat co dang khoi t gay pha Bac. 3.2. He thong t gay Nh a neu tren, khu vc be T Chnh - Vung May bao gom 3 yeu to cau truc chnh la i nang Ra, be Vung May va i nang Vung May - a Lat. Cac yeu to cau truc nay phat trien chu yeu theo phng B - TN. Theo tai lieu a vat ly, ma chu yeu la a chan, th trong khu vc T Chnh - Vung May ton tai 3 he thong t gay chnh (Hnh 12.4)

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 12.4. Ban o o sau mong am hoc khu vc bai T Chnh (theo VPI, 2004) He thong t gay phat trien theo hng B - TN. He thong t gay phat trien theo hng a kinh tuyen. He thong t gay phat trien theo hng a v tuyen. He thong t gay B - TN la he thong t gay chu ao, khong che hnh thai cau truc chung cua toan khu vc. ay la cac t gay thuan xuat hien t mong, tc la t trc giai oan tao rift va phat trien chu yeu trong giai oan ong tao rift, a phan cham dt hoat ong vao cuoi Miocen nhng oi khi muon hn. Bien o t gay B - TN ln nhat la tang mong, co the ti ca nghn met va nho dan len cac tang pha tren. t gay B - TN hoat ong theo c che cang gian la chu yeu. He thong t gay a kinh tuyen phat trien chu yeu phan pha Tay i nang Ra
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tc la phan pha ong be Nam Con Sn. ay la cac t gay thuan, co bien o ln tang mong, Oligocen va nho dan cac tang pha tren. t gay a kinh tuyen hoat ong theo c che cang gian, a phan cham dt vao cuoi Miocen nhng oi cho hoat ong muon hn, en ca Pliocen. He thong t gay a kinh tuyen phat trien manh i nang Ra, i nang Vung May - a Lat. ay la cac t gay thuan phat trien trc giai oan tao rift cho en het giai oan ong tao rift, oi khi muon hn, hnh thanh nen cac cau tao dang a luy rat ien hnh. 3.3. Lch s phat trien a chat Lch s phat trien a chat khu vc be T Chnh - Vung May gan lien vi lch s hnh thanh phat trien Bien ong, bao gom cac giai oan: trc tao rift, ong tao rift, sau rift va giai oan tao them hien tai.

Chng 12. Be tram tch T Chnh Vung May

Giai oan trc tao rift Vao cuoi Mesozoi a xay ra s va cham gia mang An - Uc pha Nam va mang Au - A pha Bac lam cho cac khoi luc a trong khu vc, trong o co khoi luc a ong Dng dch chuyen va trt theo phng TB - N, tao ra mot loat cac t gay va s troi dat cua cac mang luc a. Sau va cham, khu vc Bien ong b nang cao, c boc mon va nhn chung khong co lang ong tram tch. Giai oan ong tao rift Giai oan c bat au vao Eocen? Oligocen va ket thuc vao cuoi Miocen sm vi 2 pha tach biet, pha tao rift sm (Eocen ? - Oligocen) va pha tao rift muon (Miocen sm?). Pha tao rift sm (Eocen? - Oligocen) la pha hoat ong kien tao quan trong trong viec hnh thanh, phat trien cua be T Chnh - Vung May. Cac a hao, ban a hao c lap ay tram tch t rat tho en tho va mn. Lp tram tch lot ay thng la thanh tao molas, san soi, cat, bot, set lan cac manh than, phien set, giau vat chat hu c. Tram tch c lang ong trong moi trng am ho hoac chau tho. Cac t gay mi va cac t gay hnh thanh t trc tai hoat ong manh me theo c che cang gian la chnh. Pha tao rift muon (Miocen sm). Sau khi ket thuc pha tao rift sm vao cuoi Oligocen, co le be mat Oligocen a c nang len, nhieu ni b boc mon. Tuy nhien, s nang len boc mon ch xay ra cuc bo, khong ong nhat. Pha ngng ngh lang ong tram tch xay ra
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tng oi dai trc khi co cac tram tch Miocen sm phu len tren tao ra be mat bat chnh hp kha ro net. Co le vao au Miocen sm, toan bo khu vc b chm di mc nc bien, moi trng tram tch b thay oi theo vi cac tram tch set bot xen ke cat ket hat mn. Tai cac i nang cao, tram tch Miocen sm co le vang mat nh tai gieng khoan PV 94 - 2X. Trong pha tao rift muon t co t gay mi hnh thanh, ma chu yeu la s tai hoat ong cua cac t gay a c hnh thanh t trc theo c che cang tach la chnh. en cuoi Miocen sm, pha hoat ong tao rift hoan toan ngng ngh. Tuy nhien, do tai lieu con han che nen cung co y kien cho rang giai oan nay tiep tuc hoat ong hnh thanh nhng a hao gan vi s tach gian Bien ong en Miocen gia. Cuoi Miocen gia hi b nang, bao mon tao ra bat chnh hp khu vc. Giai oan sau tao rift: Giai oan sao tao rift xay ra chu yeu vao Miocen gia va keo dai en Miocen muon. ay la pha phat trien m rong, lam thay oi bnh o cau truc khu vc. Vao cuoi Miocen muon, do pha bien lui dien ra tai khu vc Bien ong nen be mat Miocen nay b nang len, phong hoa va boc mon tao ra mot be mat bat chnh hp khu vc. Sau pha bien lui la pha bien tien manh me, toan bo khu vc ngap chm di mc nc bien. Nhng ni nang cao thuan tien phat trien cac am tieu san ho, nhng ni trung c lap ay tram tch luc nguyen cat, bot, set. Lng tram tch c lap ay nhanh, khoi lng ln ket hp vi pha nen ep cuc bo lam cho bnh o cau truc thay oi. Co ni cau truc nang/sut

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

hoan ao v tr cho nhau ong thi dien tch c m rong, toan bo khu vc co xu hng lun chm va oan vong. Giai oan tao them Pliocen - e T Sau pha bien lui cuoi Miocen, bien tien xay ra tren them luc a Viet Nam, nc bien dang len lam ngap chm toan bo khu vc. Tram tch cat, bot, set phu bat chnh hp len tram tch Miocen. Tram tch nay c lang ong trong ieu kien ong nang giam, do o tao ra cac lp gan nh nam ngang. Tai cac i cao, am tieu san ho tiep tuc phat trien. S phat trien cac thanh tao luc nguyen Pliocen - e T a xoa nhoa cac dau vet hoat ong a ong lc cua cac pha kien tao trc o ong thi lam mat ranh gii cac vung hay cac be tram tch vi nhau, tao ra mot s thong nhat tren toan them luc a Viet Nam. 4. ac iem a tang tram tch a tang tram tch be T Chnh - Vung May c luan giai t tai lieu a chan va tai lieu gieng khoan be tram tch Nam Con Sn cung nh ket qua gieng khoan PV - 94 - 2X. Phan tch a chan a tang cho thay s ton tai cac tap a chan c anh dau bi cac mat phan xa chnh sau ay (Hnh 12.5) [12]: Tang Xanh (Blue): Tng ng vi ay Pliocen e T, Tang Xanh la cay (Green): Tng ng bat chnh hp noc Miocen gia, Tang o (Red): Tng ng noc Miocen sm, Tang Vang cam (Orange): Tng ng noc Oligocen, Tang Nau (Brown): Tng ng noc
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mong trc e Tam. Ket qua minh giai tai lieu a chan cho thay khu vc be T Chnh - Vung May c phu bi tram tch luc nguyen, luc nguyen carbonat day t 2 - 3 km tren nhng i cao en 6 - 7 km trung sau (be Vung May), chung co tuoi t Eocen? - Oligocen en Pliocen - e T, c phan thanh cac phan v a tang nh sau (Hnh 12.6): Mong trc e Tam ac trng cua mong la cac tap phan xa a chan manh, phang, lien tuc, tuy nhien o tin cay oi khi khong c cao, o lien tuc khong c tot. Mong c cau thanh bi cac loai a xam nhap: granit, granodiorit va phun trao ryolit, andesit va/hoac cac a bien chat nh a gap cac gieng khoan thuoc be tram tch Nam Con Sn. Cac thanh tao Kainozoi PALEOGEN Eocen (?) - Oligocen Noc Oligocen ac trng bi 2 - 3 pha phan xa manh, bien o cao, o lien tuc tot, co the lien quan en cac tap set, set than. Tuy nhien phan nay b gian oan bi t gay va co bieu hien cua s bao mon, cat got. Thanh phan thach hoc chu yeu gom tram tch luc nguyen hat t mn en tho lang ong trong cac ban a hao, phu trc tiep len mong. Tram tch hnh thanh trong ieu kien song ho, vung vnh, ong bang ven bien. Khu vc i nang Ra co le la vung cao co trong thi ky Oligocen lien quan en hoat ong nui la. Tram tch vun Oligocen lang ong trong cac a hao, ban a hao nh Phuc Nguyen, Bac Phuc Tan, TN Vung He tang Vung May (E2? - E3 vm)

Chng 12. Be tram tch T Chnh Vung May

May. Tai gieng khoan PV-94-2X, lat cat Eocen? - Oligocen gom cat ket ran chac pha tren va cac tuf dam ket co thanh phan la a phun trao ryolit kien truc kieu porphyr va cac tuf, tufit cua chung [9]. Miocen di ac trng bi cac phan xa a chan lien

tuc phan lp song song va c coi la mat ngap lut ln nhat, tach tap tram tch hat tho tren va tap hat mn di. Thanh phan thach hoc chu yeu cua Miocen di la cat, set lang ong trong moi trng chuyen tiep t cac am ho, vung vnh tng oi tach biet sang moi trng ong bang ven bien en bien nong ven b.

Or

an

ge

Hnh 12.5a. Cac tang phan xa a chan khu vc bai T Chnh

Hnh 12.5b. Mat a chan qua be T Chnh Vung May (TC 93- 015)

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a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Miocen gia ac trng bi cac song phan xa bien o manh, lien tuc b cat cut cac phan nho cao va b phu bi tram tch Miocen tren hnh thanh trong ieu kien nc sau. Thanh phan thach hoc cua cac thanh tao Miocen gia chu yeu la cac tap cat, set xen ke hnh thanh trong ieu kien bien ven b cac phan cao (T Chnh, Phuc Nguyen, Phuc Tan) ac trng bi a voi dang them hoac san ho am tieu. Phan di cua Miocen gia chu yeu la cac thanh tao luc nguyen. Mat cat tai gieng khoan TC - 94 - 2X, Miocen gia c m ra ac trng bang cac tap cat ket, set ket xen ke, set mau en, set voi mau xam. Miocen tren ac trng bi cac song phan xa phan lp song song, t b anh hng cua hoat ong t gay. Thanh phan thach hoc chu yeu la cat, bot, set tng bien va a voi dang them, a voi san ho am tieu cac i cao. Tram tch Miocen tren m ra gieng khoan PV-94-2X, chu yeu la a voi, a voi san ho xam, trang, nt ne. Pliocen - e T Phan xa a chan phan lp, o lien tuc cao. Thanh phan thach hoc chu yeu la cat set hnh thanh trong moi trng bien va a voi dang them hoac san ho am tieu cac i cao. Tram tch Pliocen - e T thuoc he tang Bien ong c m ra gieng khoan PV-94-2X gom a voi am tieu san ho, a voi sinh vat dang khoi cha nhieu vun sinh
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vat.
2

He tang T Chnh (N1 tc)

5. Cac bieu hien dau kh Be T Chnh - Vung May nam ke cac be tram tch a co cac phat hien va khai thac dau kh quan trong la Nam Con Sn va ong Natuna. Tai be Nam Con Sn, trong tong so tren 60 gieng TKTD a khoan t 1974, co 7 gieng phat hien dau (12%), 14 gieng phat hien kh (23%) 1 mo dau (ai Hung), mo kh (Lan Tay) ang khai thac va mot so mo kh khac ang c phat trien mo (Rong oi, Hai Thach [12]). Tai be ong Natuna, mo kh D - Alfa cach lo 134 khoang 250 km ve pha Nam, co tr lng ln nam trong tap a voi thuoc he tang Terumbu (Miocen tren). Mo kh AP

He tang Phuc Tan (N1 pht)

3

- 1X cua Agip nam khong xa mo D - Alfa va mo dau Bursa - 1X cua Agip cach lo 136 khoang 15 km ve pha Nam. Cac phat hien nay eu nam trong a voi am tieu san ho tuoi Miocen muon [12]. Ngoai cac phat hien dau kh noi tren, tai khu vc T Chnh con phat hien thay hydrocarbon qua cac nghien cu ve s ro r cua chung t di long at len be mat (seepage studies) do Conoco tien hanh [12]. Nam 1996, Conoco tien hanh nghien cu khong anh European Space Agency (ERS - SAR) va Radarsat Image (Radarsat - SAR). Ca hai nghien cu nay eu ch ra cac dau hieu ro r hydrocarbon (Khalid A. Soofi, 1998). Nghien cu ERS - SAR phat hien thay 4 ro r pha N be Nam Con Sn (bao gom phan ln phan Tay lo 133, 134). Nhng ro r nay nam pha Tay lo 134 va dng nh co lien quan en he thong t

He tang Bien ong (N2 - Q b)

Chng 12. Be tram tch T Chnh Vung May

Hnh 12.6. Cot a tang tong hp be T Chnh - Vung May

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gay pha Tay cau tao Phuc Nguyen Nam (cau tao Anh ao). Cac hnh anh Radarsat - SAR thu c vao thang 2/1997 bao phu 80% dien tch pha Tay lo 133, 134. Mac du khong phat hien thay nhieu iem ro r nh trong tai lieu ERS - SAR nhng a phat hien ra mot vung dau tran ln (large spill) TN lo 134 gan ke vi he thong t gay B - TN pha Tay cau tao Phuc Nguyen Nam (cau tao Anh ao). Mot so d thng khac cung bat gap TB lo 133 cung trung vi he thong t gay cua cau tao Cam Chng. Nhng ro r phat hien bi anh vien tham lo 133, 134 rat co y ngha bi chung co the lien quan trc tiep ti s ton tai he thong dau kh di sau khu vc nay. 6. He thong dau kh 6.1. a sinh be T Chnh - Vung May co kha nang ton tai 2 nguon a me: set va set than tuoi Oligocen va Miocen sm. Tiem nang a me tuoi Oligocen va Miocen sm a c phat hien nhieu gieng khoan cua be Nam Con Sn ngay pha Tay i nang Ra. ay la cac tang a me pho bien trong khu vc. D kien chung co the ton tai trong cac trung Phuc Nguyen, phu be TN hoac phu be TB Vung May. Cac nghien cu a nhiet pha ong be tram tch Nam Con Sn cho thay dong a nhiet thay oi t 60 mW/m2 tai 35 trieu nam en 70 - 72 mW/m tai 10 trieu nam
2

trng thanh hoac bat au trng thanh. Ca so tao dau bat au t 2.900 m en 3.500 m trong cac tap Miocen di va Oligocen tren. phan sau hn, iem tao condensat ln nhat trong khoang 3.400 4.500 m tng ng Miocen di - Oligocen. a me Oligocen nam chu yeu trong i sinh kh kho vi ca so t 4.400 4.900 m. Ve thi gian, a me Oligocen bat au sinh dau tai 26 trieu nam. a me Miocen sm bat au sinh dau 15 trieu nam va at nh tao consensat 5 trieu nam [10]. Nam 1993 khi minh giai tai lieu TC 93, PVEP va DMNG a thiet lap mo hnh a hoa va thay rang vao cuoi Oligocen, a me at o trng thanh khu vc a hao co Phuc Nguyen va be Nam Con Sn. nh tao dau a hao Phuc Nguyen la Miocen sm va hien nay, ay la vung sinh kh. a me a hao Bac Phuc Tan va Nam phu be Tay Bac Vung May at ca so tao dau vao cuoi Miocen sm, nh tao dau vao Miocen gia va hien tai ang sinh ca dau lan kh. a me phu be TN Vung May at ca so tao dau vao Miocen gia, nh tao dau vao Miocen muon va hien ang sinh ca dau lan kh. a me phan Bac phu be TB Vung May at ca so tao dau vao Miocen gia Pliocen. Hien tai, a me Oligocen con ang sinh dau. a me Miocen sm neu ton tai co the lam tang them tiem nang sinh cua a hao Phuc Nguyen va be tram tch Nam Con Sn, ni hien chung van trong giai oan tao dau [2]. Tuy nhien cac nghien cu tren ay eu da vao ieu kien a nhiet cua be Nam Con Sn, no co the khong phu hp vi be T Chnh - Vung May. Bi vay, mo hnh a hoa cua be T Chnh - Vung May con
410

sau o giam xuong 60 - 62 mW/m nh hien

2

nay. Khi nghien cu mo hnh a hoa khu vc lo 133, 134, Conoco nhan thay a me tuoi Miocen tren, Miocen gia hien cha

Chng 12. Be tram tch T Chnh Vung May

mang yeu to gia nh, can phai c au t nghien cu trong thi gian ti, ac biet khi co tai lieu khoan tham do. Khoang cach gia nguon a me va cac cau tao co kha nang cha rat ngan do o thuan li cho s di c, tch tu dau kh. Cac hydrocarbon co the tch tu vao cac tap cat ket tuoi Oligocen, Miocen sm. Hydrocarbon cung co the dch chuyen theo chieu thang ng theo cac t gay len cac tap cat ket Miocen gia - tren hoac nap vao cac the a voi thuoc he tang T Chnh, Phuc Tan. 6.2. a cha a cha tiem nang be T Chnh Vung May co the la granit phong hoa nt ne, cat ket tuoi Oligocen - Miocen va a voi Miocen gia - muon - Pliocen sm [2, 3, 6, 10, 11, 12]. Granit phong hoa nt ne la tang cha quan trong be Cu Long, cha dau kh mo ai Hung thuoc be Nam Con Sn. T Chnh, mong granit co the gap i cao T Chnh, ong Sn, Phuc Nguyen - Phuc Tan. Tai lieu trong lc va cac d thng a chan cho phep d bao s ton tai cac i nt ne vi mat o thap trong mong nay. Cat ket Oligocen hnh thanh trong moi trng chau tho am ho co kha nang cha nhng chat lng khong cao. Cat ket Miocen sm hat mn, pha bot, ran chac nen kha nang cha kem en trung bnh. Cat ket Miocen gia cua he tang T Chnh cung cha tot. Tai gieng khoan PV - 94 - 2X, cat ket Miocen gia co o rong rat tot t 28 - 33%. Cat ket Miocen tren cua he tang la tang cha tot nhat khu vc nay. a voi phat trien kha pho bien a
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luy T Chnh, i cao Phuc Nguyen - Phuc Tan, i cao Vung May, tuoi t Miocen gia en hien tai. Gieng khoan PV - 94 2X bat gap a voi t khoang 1650 m en ay bien co xen ke cac tap set, set voi, cat thach anh, o rong ln, t 20 - 30%. 6.3. a chan a chan khu vc be Nam Con Sn va vung lan can la tap set bien tuoi Pliocen e T cua he tang Bien ong. Tap set nay co mat hau khap khu vc be T Chnh - Vung May, ngoai tr cac i nang cao, ni a voi phat trien len en tan ay bien. Ngoai ra, co le la cac tap set bien phan tren cua Miocen sm, bat gap trong hau het cac gieng khoan be Nam Con Sn. Tap set nay co the tng ng vi tap set Rotalia be Cu Long (Todd va nnk, 1993). Cac tap a chan nam xen ke khong mang tnh khu vc cung co the ton tai va phat trien trong Oligocen va Miocen sm. Do bien tien bat au t Miocen nen cac tap cat chau tho Miocen co the c phu bi cac tap set nay. Phan tren cua Miocen sm, Miocen muon co the ton tai cac tap set bien va set voi. Nam 1998, Conoco nghien cu kha nang chan cua set, xac nh ap suat mao dan khi bm thuy ngan len mau vun set lay t gieng 06 - HDB - 1X (Miocen di, Oligocen tren) va gieng 06 - HDN - 1X (Pliocen di) be Nam Con Sn sat ngay pha Tay be T Chnh - Vung May. Ket qua cho thay set Oligocen tren co kha nang chan t trung bnh en tot va set Pliocen di co kha nang chan rat cao. 6.4. Dch chuyen va tao bay Hydrocarbon c hnh thanh t cuoi

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Oligocen - Miocen sm vi nh ca so tao dau vao Miocen sm khu vc a hao Phuc Nguyen; Miocen gia a hao Bac Phuc Tan, phan Nam phu be TB Vung May va Miocen muon - Pliocen sm vung Bac phu be TB Vung May cung nh phu be TN Vung May. Nh vay, dau bat au di c t Miocen sm, Miocen gia hoac Miocen muon Pliocen tuy thuoc tng n v cau truc a chat. Khi thiet lap cac ban o cau tao theo cac mat phan xa a chan cho thay a phan cac cau tao va cac trung hoac a hao eu phat trien t Oligocen en Miocen muon. Chieu day tram tch Oligocen thay oi t 500 m en 6.500m va Miocen di t 2.000 - 3.000m. ieu nay cho thay tap tram tch nay rat day, co kha nang ton cha mot lng ln hydrocarbon. Phan ln a me trong cac vung sinh a hao Phuc Nguyen, Bac Phuc Tan va phan Nam cua phu be, TB Vung May a vao giai oan tao dau trc khi xay ra cac hoat ong nghch ao vao Miocen gia. Vao thi ky nghch ao, cac trung Bac Phuc Tan, TB Vung May chu anh hng nang len va t gay. ieu nay lam cho qua trnh sinh dau b nh tre va mot lng hydrocarbon b that thoat. a hao Phuc Nguyen cung chu mot phan cua hoat ong nghch ao nhng khong b nhieu t gay do o hy vong hydrocarbon con c gi trong bay a nap trc o hoac tai nap vao cac bay mi ke can [12]. oi vi cac vung chu anh hng nghch ao manh th quan he tng oi gia thi gian tao bay va thi gian nap la rat quan trong. Tuy nhien van e nay khong anh
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hng phu be TN Vung May va phan Bac phu be TB Vung May, ni nh tao dau la Pliocen tc la sau pha nghch ao. Phan con lai, cac bay co the c phan chia tren c s anh hng nghch ao nh sau [10]: Cac bay hnh thanh trc va khong b pha huy do nghch ao gap i cao Phuc Nguyen - Phuc Tan, pha Tay i cao T Chnh va phan B be Nam Con Sn. Cac bay a tang hnh thanh trong Oligocen va Miocen sm cung thuoc loai nay va c xem la co trien vong cao. Cac bay hnh thanh trc nghch ao nhng b pha huy va tai tao trong qua trnh nghch ao: phu thuoc vao ieu kien a chat hien tai ma nghch ao co the tao s that thoat va bay co the mat mot phan hay toan phan san pham a nap. Cac bay hnh thanh sau nghch ao: can c xem xet tng trng hp cu the. Bay hnh thanh qua muon e co the tiep nhan san pham nap cung co the la bay kho. Hien tai ieu kien nap tot nhat ton tai pha ong i cao Phuc Nguyen - Phuc Tan va a hao Phuc Nguyen. i nap ay co nguon sinh ln bao boc va con ang trong pha tao dau. 6.5. Play hydrocarbon va cac dang bay 6.5.1. Play hydrocarbon Khu vc bai T Chnh cha co hoat ong khoan TKTD (ngoai tr gieng PV - 94 - 2X) do o quan iem play ay c xem la tng t nh be Nam Con Sn va Natuna ke can [3, 12]. Bon play chnh a c phat hien la:

Chng 12. Be tram tch T Chnh Vung May

Play 1 - Mong Trc e Tam mi gap san pham dau kh, ai Hung ni thanh phan thach hoc la granit nt ne. Khu vc T Chnh hy vong cung bat gap cac the granit tng t. Nhng neu a mong la cac thanh tao nui la th tiem nang dau kh se rat han che. Play 2 - Tram tch luc nguyen he tang Vung May tuoi Oligocen tuy khong co ac tnh cha tot nh cac tap tren nhng cung la muc tieu cho cong tac TKTD dau kh. Play 3 - Tram tch cat ket tuoi Miocen di - gia phan bo tng oi rong rai, canh nguon sinh a trng thanh. Play 4 - a voi tuoi Miocen, phat trien t Miocen gia en Miocen tren va au Pliocen. Cac phat hien kh quan trong Nam Con Sn va ong Natuna eu nam trong a voi nay. 6.5.2. Cac dang bay cha khu vc be T Chnh co the bat gap 4 dang bay phat trien rieng biet hoac ket hp co kha nang tiep nhan dau kh [11, 12]: Cac khoi - t gay kien tao ac trng cho cac hoat ong cang gian xay ra t Paleocen en Miocen sm, gia. Cac bay dang nay phu thuoc vao o kn cua t gay. C che chan kn da tren hoac la cac the set lap ay be mat t gay hoac la s khong trung khp cua cac than cat, set qua be mat t gay (Hnh 12.7, 12.8, 12.9). Cac khoi t gay nghieng thng rat pho bien; chung khep kn 3 chieu vi t gay hoac khep kn 2 chieu vi 2 t gay. Cac cau tao vom phat trien hoac do he qua cua cac nen ep ngang cua cac t gay cang gian hoac do s nghch ao cua cac cau truc am ma khong lam bien dang ang ke cac t gay. Cac vom dang cuon ao
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ngc hng doc (roll - over) co the khep kn 4 chieu, hoac khep kn nh t gay. Chung thng phat trien canh treo cua t gay ln do he qua cua nen ep ngang va qua trnh co ket tao a. Cac cau tao dang hoa (flower structure) t phat trien bai T Chnh. Chung thng lien quan en t gay dch trt ngang, phat trien trong Miocen gia. Cac bay dang ke tha a hnh co cua mong nho cao, co khep kn 4 chieu hoac khep kn nh t gay. Mong phong hoa nt ne ton tai di 2 dang: dang lien quan en nh cac khoi a luy va dang lien quan en cac khoi t gay xoay. Cac bay dang nay co the khep kn 3 chieu va t gay, hoac 2 chieu va t gay. Cac bay a tang co 4 loai bay a tang ton tai khu vc T Chnh - Vung May: Cac the quat boi tch - song (alluvial - fluvial), cac quat sn doc luc a (submarine slope fans), cac vat nhon a tang va cac bay cha nam di bat chnh hp goc do bao mon (Hnh 12.10). Hai loai bay au lien quan en s bien oi tng a theo chieu ngang cua cac quat boi tch, song hoac doc luc a t cat ket sang set bot hoac set. cac i vat nhon, bay cha la cac than cat tuoi Oligocen, Miocen sm vat nhon ve pha cac cau truc cao hn. Tang chan la cac tap set xen ke. Cac bay nam ke di bat chnh hp goc do bao mon hnh thanh do s cat got cua cac tap cat ket b nang len co the nam doc nghieng. Tang chan la cac tap set xen ke va cac tap set phu tren no. Cac the a voi: Cac the a voi dang khoi xay (build - up) thng co khep kn 4 chieu phat trien tren cac a luy hoac tren canh cao cua cac cau tao dang khoi t gay (Hnh 12.11).

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Mot dang bay khac lien quan en s thay oi thanh phan thach hoc cua a voi. o la cac the am tieu san ho phat trien cac ra them a voi. Chung thng co o rong, o tham rat cao va co the bien oi theo chieu ngang bi cac the bun voi tng ho ran chac, cac tap set tng bien khi. 7. Tiem nang tai nguyen dau kh Be T Chnh - Vung May c anh gia la co tiem nang trien vong dau kh cao mac du cha co cac hoat ong khoan tm kiem tham do da tren cac yeu to c ban sau: Ton tai cac yeu to cau kien tao ma o lp phu tram tch e Tam eu day tren 3 km, chieu day toi thieu e dau kh co the sinh thanh, dch chuyen va tch tu tao mo. Ton tai cac bay cha rat a dang co kha

nang tiep nhan cac tch tu dau kh thanh mo. Ton tai cac loai a cha co kha nang tiep nhan dau kh nh a voi Miocen gia - muon - Pliocen, cat ket Oligocen - Miocen va mong granit nt ne. Ton tai cac vung sinh vi a me la than, set than tuoi Oligocen va set tuoi Miocen sm co kha nang sinh dau, kh. Khu vc bai T Chnh nam ke can vi be Nam Con Sn va ong Natuna ni a co hang loat cac phat hien va ang khai thac dau kh. Ve tiem nang tr lng co nhieu anh gia khac nhau. Chng trnh VITRA - 1 cho rang tiem nang dau kh khu vc T Chnh - Vung May vao khoang 800 - 900 trieu tan quy dau, chu yeu phan bo play 2 va play 3 (Hnh 12.12)). Cac anh gia cua Cong ty

Hnh 12.7. Mat cat a chan cau tao A

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Chng 12. Be tram tch T Chnh Vung May

Hnh 12.8. Mat cat a chan cau tao B

Hnh 12.9. Mat cat a chan cau tao C

PVEP cho rang tiem nang thu hoi ay vao khoang 560 trieu tan [15]. Cong ty Conoco va PIDC khi anh gia 3 cau tao trien vong nhat lo 133, 134 e chuan b khoan TKTD
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a cho con so tiem nang t 630 trieu en 1.600 trieu tan neu la dau hoac t 10 TCF (285,7 ty m3) en 30 TCF (857,1 ty m3) neu la kh [12].

a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Hnh 12.10. Mat cat a chan tuyen TC-93-44 cho thay kha nang ton tai cac quat di bien (submarine fan) va turbidit

Hnh 12.11. Mat cat a chan tuyen TC-93-21, Tay Nam be T Chnh Vung May, cho thay a voi Miocen muon phat trien tren khoi a luy

Du cac con so ve tiem nang dau kh c anh gia khac nhau nhng nhn chung khu vc be T Chnh - Vung May van c coi la rat co tiem nang trien vong dau kh. 8. Ket luan Be T Chnh - Vung May mac du a
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c bat au nghien cu t nhng nam 70 cua the ky trc, nhng cho en nay mi ch co cac lo 133, 134 c nghien cu chi tiet, con cac vung khac mi ch co mang li khao sat a chan khu vc tham do s bo, nen mi ch khai quat c nhng net c ban ve cau truc a chat va he thong dau

Chng 12. Be tram tch T Chnh Vung May

Be T Chnh-Vung May
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Pl ay 1 Pl ay 2 Pl ay 3 Pl ay 4

Tr. tan quy dau

Hnh 12.12. Phan bo tiem nang dau kh theo play

kh cua vung nghien cu. Do be T Chnh - Vung May co cau truc a chat rat phc tap, tai lieu con han che nen con nhieu van e cha ro va ton tai cac y kien anh gia khac nhau ve c che tao be, lch s phat trien a chat khu vc va tiem nang dau kh. Mac du vay cac nha a chat eu nhat

tr cho rang be T Chnh - Vung May co tram tch e Tam day (6 - 7 km), lap ay cac a hao, ban a hao va trung sau, vi nhieu play va kieu bay khac nhau co kha nang cha dau kh. Bi vay, can phai ay manh cong tac nghien cu va tham do dau kh trong thi gian ti.

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a chat va tai nguyen dau kh Viet Nam

Tai lieu tham khao 1. Nguyen Quang Bo & JR (Fina), 11/1991. Mekong, South Con Son and Natuna Sea Basins - Regional Geological Study. 2. Nguyen Quang Bo, Nguyen Du Hng va nnk, Ha Noi, 9/1995. Khu vc Bai T Chnh trong Bnh o Cau truc TL ong Nam Viet Nam. 3. BP/STATOIL, 8/1992. A Technical Assessment of the Hydrocarbon Prospectivity of Blocks 6 and 12E, Nam Con Son Basin. 4. Conoco Vietnam E & P B/V, March 1998. Integration and Interpretation of Gravity and Magnetic Data for Blocks 133 & 134 Offshore Vietnam. 5. Conoco Vietnam E & P B/V, June 1998. Reconnaissance Description and Depositional Environmental Interpretation of Cores from the Nam Con Son Basin, Offshore Vietnam. 6. Conoco - PVSC, Hanoi, February 1998. Regional Reservoir Distribution and Paleogeography of Middle Miocen, Lower Miocen and Oligocen Formation in the Nam Con Son Basin. 7. Conoco Vietnam E & P B/V, August 1998. Vietnam Deepwater Blocks 133 & 134 Evaluation Report. 8. V.V. Kudelkin, N. Q. Bo and others, November 1994. Geological Study of TC - 93 Area. 9. PVEP, Tp. HCM, Thang 1/1995. Bao cao Tong ket a chat Gieng khoan PV - 94 - 2X, Cau tao T Chnh. 10. PVEP - DMNG, HCMC, Thang 12/1996. Intermediate Report on Current Interpretation of TC - 95 Seismic Data. 11. PVEP - PVSC, Tp. HCM, Thang 8/1997. anh gia Tiem nang Dau Kh Cac Vung Tranh chap, Chong lan thuoc TL va ac quyen Kinh te cua Viet Nam: Vung Nhay cam Khu vc Tay Trng Sa (Vung 2). 12. PVSC - Conoco, HN, March 2000. Seismic Data Interpretation Western Part of Blocks 133 & 134 Nam Con Son Basin. 13. BP Exploration Operating Co., Ltd, Nov. 2003. Composition and Gross Heat Value of Nam Con Sn Gas. 14. PVEP, Tp. HCM thang 8/2002. anh gia ket qua cong tac TDKT dau kh giai oan 2001 - 2002, ke hoach TDKT giai oan 2003 - 2005 va phng hng en 2010 tren cac khu vc do PVEP quan ly. 15. PV-NORAD. Bao cao chng trnh VITRA-1.

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