Bropa MexAyHapogua xoHQepeHlllrr Axmyannu npotneuu ua 6anxauucmunama u craoucmuKama Be,rr'mo Tr'Puono 2012 r.

OTPr{IIATEJIEH TEHI4TI4B I4 TOTII4K

Aou. a-p I,Isau f . VIruee
I_{e:rra
zeHtlml.t1,

Oaxr e' noAo6eu Senorr,reH ce sa6,qroAaBa AopI4 B flIloHcKll, .flBIeHI4qTa IIle ce cB'bp)KaT' fOBOpeHH e3UUI4' B HepoAcTBeHU qe nopa3uTeJIHI,I TI4IIOJIOII{qHI{ npvnuKu ce oTKpI4BaT Ha pa3nI4rrHI4 KoHTr.rHeHTr4. B rypcKl4 npI{Tex{areJIHl'ITe cibilIecrBI4TeJrHI4 14 HfiKoH ce o6pasynar c eAHrr 14 c6ttll4 vrop$eur,r: evi-m'w'sulara MpI' - geldi-rn .nu.bn*r" ,gofi4ox' $opuu

Ha cTaTr4flTA e Aa IroT6pCI4 npl.{ql{HaTa 3a flo-flBaTa Ha ompuLlamenttun rofiro ce cpeua B cJraB{HCKure, 6anruilctture 14 B Apyfll 93I4III4. Tlfi naro

= 1r,quu*r"to *r;; evi-n'xrtlatarv' - geldi-n 'ru AofiAe' ='uABaHeto rH'. n c:nuloro e r4 B Keqya (campbell 1991: 1145-1146): wasi-;'z'tttua.ra My'- karunchapI3qe3BaT' 'tofi ugqesga' = 'll3.{e3uunaio xty'; wasi-nku'Kru\aTa :ytw' - karuncha- nku 'Te ,r43.{e3BaHero uM'. VItu nr,x B ecKr4MocKra (Jacobson 1995: Il2): angya-qa'rogrcara = MI{,; 'Hel-o-flAerle.Io tM' 'u3 lo = ner'a-qa MI4' angya-n ':loAKata rpl' -nar'a-n'TV lo {4eIIl' ='Helo-{AeHero rl't'' 1. OTPI4UATEJIHIIfl T f EHI4TI4B

c.sulgocrra Ha oTprrrlaTe,rrHl4fl p9HI4TI4B Ce l{3pa3tBa B 3aM.sHaTa Ha akysamuBHqmq crrel OrpI.{IIaTeneH rJIaloJI' B cy6exTrrrz Sopua Ha [pqKoTo Aon:bJIHeHI{ e c zeHumusHa flose'{ero KOHCTpyKur4tr Moxe IA :[{MA 3aMflHa V Ha HOMhHA%h7HA C zeHwmu7Ha $opua. e 3aA:bnXI4TeJIHa' B CIaB.{HCKI4 e3l{qu Ce 11pI{Abp7<aT KbM IIpaBIInOTO. B nOlCrpr 3aMf,HaTa e3I4K nplr pycKr4 e qecTa, a B qerIIKr4 I4 Cbp6ox:bpBaTcKl{ fl. ,IMIA CaMO B KHpI)KOBHH.g or flpnvepu 439)' orrpeAeneHu ycnoBHq (Feuiilet 2006:558; Dalewska-Grefr 1997: non.o" (Moravcsik 1978:264; Dalewska-Grch 1997 436): Widziatei wczorai Ew?? cpeuy: Nie wiclziatem wczoraj Ewy. vllvr: Tu sq okulary 'o'IHIara ca TyK' - cpetly: Tu 1997: ii, *o okular^w'oqurara ". .u ryr'. B pycKl4 IrMa KoHTeKcru (Dalewska-Greri aKy3arus: ou ue 436-431), B KOI{TO C oTpr4rlaHue e 3aA'bnxllTejleH Ty IeHI{TI{B' Ty .{eTe [pl4HIII4n') lro BecTHI4III{ HHKaKBI4 - uo: ou ue ttumaem za3em (osuauaea KJrac - 'He Ha yloTpe6ara Ltumaem z$emy (osuauana KoHKpeTeH npe4n'rer)' Vc:rosnsra 3a 101). MoNe Aa ce Kaxe oTpuuarenHr4r rer{hruB He ca HarribJlHo -flcHH (lla4yueea 1997: *Couueuuit O6aqe leHilTlIBHaTa Ltcqesflo' He Couueuuil He 6O3HuKtto, HO He MOXS KoHcTpyKIII4flBIloBeI{eTocnyqal4MapKI4paHaIHI{[eToHaoIIpeAeJIeHKoMIIoHeHTB 106; llaayqeea 2006: 27): Hu ceMaHrr4r{Hara crpyKrypa Ha r43peqeHr4ero (llar ralr: 101, u:o6ulo Aa e HtMaIo oduozo Qouap4He zopeno (rutralo e lopflull4 seuepra, AopI'{ Moxe uMa, Ho tte ca6umt:ana:reHu); 'fl Sutn e 6"".p"; - niTOrn fioropo He zoper (Seuepr, cpelrlHaxMe) - 'fl Sutn e Jloudoue, Ho He eud), Mo*y (ry cra e raM, Ho rlpocro He ce 'rfl rau). 3a o6erruug e 6ula [a He Ioudoue, Ho He euden matr-Maruu (e:s:rr,loNuo e 24-28) - ary:aruBbr MapKI4pa feHr4rr4B nafi-o6uara vrliefl e ra3r{ (fla4yueea 2006:
He II3I4CKBa HeIIpeMeHHO

orrpeAeneHocT, KoHKperua perfepenqraq (uo o[peAeneHocT-Ia I4-III4 HeI43BeCTHOCT leHurze), a teHuTr4Bib't r,r;pa3flBa uepesepenTHocT, Heo[IpeAeneHocT He no'ryuu'au' (cpannn c TypcKr4 rro-HaTaT6K): omeem Mbt He nonyqulu - tto'. omeemqx|bt u3pa3flBa aKy3aTI4B:bT (llan 40) rau: 'l'oea N4oxe na ce nofJreAHe rr oT Apyf acrIeKT -

l.

l:

B rrpocTpaHcTBoTo Ha foBopeqH{, a feHI,rTr4B'bT - Ha6nroAaeMo oTcT,cTBHe Ha o6exra B none3peHuero HJrr4 rnrrHara cSepa: Teou rcuuzu MHe He HyJtHbr - Mue ue HyJtcHo mloux rcuuz. CexqaHTl{rrHara MoruBaIIH.s Mo)Ke Ia Bapkrpa (flarc rarr: 26, 4I'): Ilonotrcu co,x4 (HflKaKBo Korr,rqecreo) - uo: Ilonotrcu cotb (ueyrcasauo xo:rnuecreo); I1e exr BemquHpl (ugo6uro) - He eM semquHy (n nporrzeollo:roxHocr Ha Apyrure Br,rAoBe flAeHe; He nn6nn zpourcq/ MysbtKu He nn6nro cospeMeHHry MysbtKy (e nporr4Bono.lro)ruocr Ha Apyrprre nn4one). Irlurepecuo e, qe npr{ 3aMqHa Ha Bce s Huumo reHurlrB:br craBa 3aA:bnxl4Teneu (llan rau: 31): Bce emo tr He sHatt = Huueeo.omozo n He
Berrlr,r
3HAT.

flpaeu:roro Ha orpr4rlare:rHnfl reHr{rhB ce npunara u B 6arrruitcrcure esuqu. B JrlrroBcKr{ To e 3aA:bJr)Kr{TeJrHo, c peAyBaHe aKy3arI4B/reHurus (Dambriunas, Ulimas 1966; Moravcsik 1978: 264; Ramoniene, Press 2007: 60): .rls firi knygq 'rofi uua KHr4ra' cpeqy: Jis netiiri knygos'rofi HrMa KHr4ra'. B ropHonarBfificrure Ar4aJreKrr4 orpnqarenHlz,flT teHVTvrB ce fra3r4, AoKaro B LonHonareraficKl4re e I43MecreH or aKy3arr{Ba (Balode, Holvoet: 38): Ne-mazga muti_ 'He Mne nflr1ero cr'r'(axysarue) - uo: Nama:.ga t?tu't'g 'He Mue -rrurlero ctz'(reHurun). Orpuqare:rHl4tr feHlrrr4B ce cperua H B rorcKrl (Moravcsik 1918:264; Feuillet - Grammaire - rrr. VIIIT): jah ni was im barne Jlx 1. 7 'ir HrMaxa Aeua'. K:snr 6a:rrocJraBrHcKt{Te H repMaHcKlrre e3l4ur4 rpa6ea 4a ce npu6aBrr r{ yrpo-SraHcKr4re esuuu, Harrpr4Mep ecroHcKl4 (Harms 1963: 121; Moravcsik 1978: 210t. Karo raM cneA orpr4uaHue ce Lr3no;r3Ba poAlrrenHo-[apruTr4BHa Sopnaa, a 6e: orpuuaHrre - poAHrenHo-BHHureJrHa rfopnaa (roecr B:bnpeKr4 pasnnKuta B repMrrHuTe, craBa Bbnpoc Mees tappap naise'tm,xb'T Iqe y6ue Neuara' ('xena' - naise) 3a eAHo H cr,rrlo "unen"e'), 'tvtloxr'r HtMa ga y6ue )KeHara'. Brn Srar'r.rraHJcKn c-te.l cpeuy: Mees tappap naist orpHrraH14e c:brrlo ce r43rroJr3Ba (reHuraa-)naprl4TuB BMecro poAHTenHo-BHHHre.;rHa $oprr,ra (Feuiilet 2006: 558; Finnish Noun Cases), nopaAr4 Koero @roiie AonycKa, qe e B:b3MoxHo orpr4qarenHu{T TeHHTLTB Aa ce nHTeprrperr{pa Karo SynKlur Ha naprr4rr4Ba: En nrihnyt han-tri 'He ro Bu4.f,x' - 6yrcn. 'ue Bulrx Hero'.3

X. <Droiie, rofiro un no3Bo,ru Aa no,'r3BaM HeroBara rpaMar[Ka Ha e t104 flerraT. 2 Bra Sr.rucxr4Te e3r,ruu aKy3aruB:br u npure)KareJrHrrrr reHrrrnB B pe3ynrar Ha 3ByKoBu npoMeHH cbBnaAar Sopnaa,rno, nopalt4 Roero, [puMepHo B ecroHcKrr, ce roBop]r caMo 3a zeHumul. flaprrmunHuar FeHarr4B ce Hapr,rqa Dpocro napmumu+ (Genitive Case; Estonian Grammar). IIo rosu Haqr4H B ro3r e3uK ce o$opruar cneAHara naparutM4 Korro cl{HTaKTr.rqecKrr 6n ce xa,rrupaJ'ra no c;reAHlu Haqr.rH B pycKx
l4cna* ta Sraroga.pa na npor$.
KOTTO

foTcKI{t e3I{K,

rcuuea: lesutrrB-rrocec[B: ilusa raamatu - pyc. *(cmpauu4a) Kpacuryn rcuttey (sxt. cmpaHu4a xpactraort rcuuzu); feHurue-ary:arvB 3a roraJreH (uqrocreH) o6exr ilusa raamatlt = pyc. (6n{y) xpacueyn xuuzy;

(crcraeuure replrlrHt4 ca or

MeH

Vs. I4l.): HoMnHarue: ilus raamat (.raamat 'xurlra') = pyc. Kpacusat

feuu'rze-naprrrrrrB 3a rracruqeH o6err (nrn. npu orpallaHue): iltrsat raamatut = pyc. *(ue eucry) xpacueoil xuueu. Toslr reFllrtuB-naprr,rrr4B ce Ir3noJI3Ba He caMo c orplruaHlre, a 14 c rJIafoJ'II,t, Koltro r3pa3rBar r{yBcrBa, xeJraHr{r, o4o6peur.re, ueo4o6penue Ir r. H. (no Moravcsik 1978: 270). Ylrrcur'H (Wickman 1955: 14) o6o6qasa Bcr.rqKr.r cnyqav Ha u3rroJr3BaHe Ha reur{Tr.rB-[aprurprB - qacrurrHocr, orpr{rlaHue, rr3pa3rBaHe Ha r{yBcrBa r{ T. H., c repMr{Ha Hep$ynmamusuo deitcmoue. 3 Blo SllHnaHAcKrr rroJro)KeHuero c ,,naAelKure" e creAHoto (Finnish Noun Cases; Moravcsik 1978: 271): HonarzHarue'. Talo on helppo sana - 6yxna,ruo, 'xrua e lecna 4yva'; Axy:arza ga rora,'IeH o6exr: Maalaan talo-n'r\e 6oq,q[caNa Kr,urara (rlrrara)'; feHurae-uapruTuB 3a qacrr{qeH o6exr (rxl. npn orpurlauue): Maalaan talo-a '6os1ucBaM Ktrqara (He ul,Iara)'; fenurlre-nocecue (crena4a tpoplranuo c ary:arus): talo-n'ga xr,ulara'. B c.neAeaqoro a3peqeHlle HMa pI nocecl{BeH feHI{TItB, 14 reHIzr[B 3a qacrnqeH o6ercr c:reA orpr.ruaHr.re: En pidci tcimci-n talo-n varis-tri 'ue xapeceau Ha-Ta3u Ha-K:bxIa rleera' . B yHrapcKu c:brro ce pa3rur{aBar roraJreH v qacrllqeH o6err (Moravcsik 1978: 261), 6ez o6a.Ie re Aa ce peAyBar npr4 orpu[aHne: Olyasta a kijnye-t ' (ron) npoqere xsurata' - cpeu-(y: Olvasott a ktinv-bol' (rofi)

-flejreHuero otnpu4ame.rreH zeHumul ce sa6:loAaBa 4opt4v e 6acxl4. 3aiu.sHara cnopeA rrrlrr4paHure rro-Aony aBTopr4 ce u3B:bpIrIBa caMo c oilpeAeneHlzre cibIrIecrBI4TeJrHr4. Ero n npuMepr4re, Kouro ce AaBar (De Rijk 1974;Moravcsik 1978:271-272): Ijito ori ikusi degu ' nugxxMe ro3r,1 ur4raHr4H' u Ez degu ijito- O ori ikusi 'ne BI,IAqxMe ro3n uulauun' -

cpeuy: Ijitoa ikusi degu'nugsxMe IIzraHVH' r4'. Ez degu ijito-rik ikusu'Id.e BttA.flxMe rlnraHnH'. Bc:rru,uocr, $opuara ijitou e qneHyBaHa H TyK Herrro He e Aoo6qcueHo rlocneAFloro I43per{eHr4e 3Haqu'ue eIa4-axrte HHKaKT,B qHraHHH', Ho e $axr, rre B orrpeAeneH KoHTeKcr, ilpr4 orpr4rraHr4e v{ s 6acxus e3I.{K cr'uecrBl4Te:rHoro rlpoMeHfl Sopnrara cu. Cy$aru't -rik, rofiro ce npu6aer K:bM lrMeHara He caMo B orpl4uarerHl4,
Ho
14

roecr ct,uro ce
x.r.fl 6F{.fl

BbB BibrIpocI4TenHI4 u3per{eHl{.f,, Bc:b[IHocr I4Ma 3HarreHl4e 'HflKaK'I'B' LrrI4'HI4KaKT,B', H3pasfl,Ba raprrrrnBHocr (Gereflo 1997: 19): Ez dago ogi-rik'He HMa
rcax:ne/H

uKaKrs'

Jlunceaua 6prnrca or Bepr.{rara e3vrv, HacneAl4nu r43cneABaHoro ryK apxarrrrHo .rBJreHr{e, ce flefltsa Speucxnxr e3r,IK (rlo Feuiilet 2006: 558)" tr4naa Aea c,rryqa.fl, npu KoHTo
o6ercr-sr cneA orpurraHr4e ce npoMeHfl, To3t4 tr:br rrperro3r.rrr4BHo, a He rlocrlo3uTr4euo. 1. C neonpe4eJrr4TeJreH v.rer un'. J'ai un livre'HMaM KHI4ra'- cpeuy: Je n'ai pas de livre 'HrMaM KHI4ra' - Ho nplr qacrur{Ho orpl4lraHl4e HrMa rIoAo6Ha nponalua: Je n'ai pas ry

livre, mais deux'tts*taM eAHa KHura, a 4Be'.2. C naprurl4BHocr: Je bois Wgpu'rut BoAa' - cpeuy: Je ne bois pas d'eau'He rI4.{ Bo4a' - Ho npl4 qacrl4r{Ho orpl{uaHl,Ie HqMa no4o6ua [poMrHa: Je ne bois pas de I'eau, mais duvin'se fluq BoAa, a BI,IHo'. 2. TOTII4K, KOHTPACT I4 OTPUIIAHI4E [a nunnlr KaKBo ce cnyqBa H B rrroHcKr4Te orpr4rrareJrHu u3perreHu.f,. Cnope4 KanaHq (Kamiya 1988: 82, 87) a orpnqareJrHr{ u3peqeHu-fl aKy3urkrBHrrr MapKep -o N{orr(e Aa ce 3aMeHH or -wa, rcofiro MapKHpa monuKa (me.uama LUtLr .'rozuqecrcun nodnoz): Hon-o yomimastt 'qera KHHIa' - Ho: Zasshi-wa yomimasen 'cilHcaHue He .{era'. Cnope4 Axrunaa (Akiyama 2002: 42) MapKep:br -wa v3pa3flBa KoHTpacr (cpanulr c pycrcnre IIe e"M BemqurtoilHe eM nemquHy or rro-fopel), xaro roBa craBa He3aBr4cr4Mo ranr vua orpl{IraHue. I4,tH He -'uro ce orHac-fl go pu6a, flM, Ho, Iqo ce orHac.fl Ao Meco, He tM': Sakana-wa tabemasu ga, niku-ry tabemasen. Baxtso e Aa ce or6erexu (flax rau), ve HeuIoTo, IIo oTHorr]eHr4e I{a KoeTo ce [paBI4 KoHTpacT, Moxe Aa He ce flocoqBa, Ho BT,rrpeKr.{ ToBa KoHTpacr:bT ttaK e Hanr4ue: Terebi-wa mimasen'ue tre4a*t reJreBI43Il{ (r,ranap qe o6n.raN,r Aa rrpaBf, Heulo Apyro)'. TonurarHnfll MapKep -wa (Kamiya 1988: 67) ,,qecro ce r43rroJr3Ba B orpr{UareJrHuTe u3peqeHufl, 3a Ia [porl4BorlocraBfl
[onoxiI4Te,THH
14

orpl4rrareJrHr4 vtgev". Ha naapxapaHe c -wa npu orplruaHl4e ce rloAJrara

14

qe're

or xnnfara'.
ce

AorrbJ[reHfie

C'suroro o6aqe noxe.rla ce BIIAU r.I B TypcKLI. Tanr no npllHul4n onpeAeneHoro MapKr4pa c:bc cneq[aJlHa aKy3aTl{Bua rurop$eua, a HeonpeAeJleHoTo He ce MapKupa

(Snaroea 2003: 58): Kitab-t okul,orurn'uera xxurara' - cpeuy: Kitab-@ okuyonrm'qera xsura'. flo,qo6no Ha yHrapcKu, TyK Moxe Aa ce ro6asz rperl4, [aprHTuBeH BapuaHl'qeta o'r xHutala', Koero ce n3pasfl,Bfl c a6rarus: Kitap-tan okul:orum. O6qoro 'ryK e, qe oKoHqaHnero Ha Suncrnr reHuruB-naprurr4B npou3nu3a or crapo yrpo-Quncr<o a6,raraeHo oKoHr{aH}re (Wickman 1955: lD. H e c,'Iaerucxare e3HIrLI
x,.rs6a'

rraprurr{BHocrra ce u3pa3rBa c peAyBaHe Ha pa3rntlHn "naAexxu" $oprrau: Ou dan euy - cpeuy: Ou drtry euy xne5g.'roii l,ry aaAe iraarxo x,rs6'.

xte6'roii uy AaAe

noA,rrorbr (Akiyama 2002: 43): Tegami-pkimashita'rr4cMoro gofi4e' - no: Tegami-wa kimasen deshita 'rucMoro He AofiAe'. llolo6uo 4o6ae-aue Ha rorrnKaJ'reH MapKep rIpI4 orpvllaHl4e ce ua6:rro4aea r.r B e3lrKa afiHy, xaxro ue ce Br.tAI4 no-HararibK. B orAe:rHu cnyqar4 rrtoHcKr4-sr rorrr4Ka,reH MapKep -rr.z MO)Ke ra HanoAoSflBa, rroHe rrpt4Br4AHo, ilpl,ITeixareJlHara tpynxqu.a ua reHurvsa. B ffrroHcKn IIpI4Te)KaHnero ce I43pa3flBa rrpe3 MapKepa-no. Tara or zo'cnoH'u1e nrra zono hana 'Ha croFra Hoca'. FIo e creAeaqoro I43peqeHLIe (no Schmalstieg 1980: 166-16l): 7i-wa hana-ga nagai" Koero ce [peBex4a 'Ha croHa Hoc:bT e 4:br:br', a BcblrlHocr

6yxnarno o3HaqaBa 'il{o ce orHacr Ao eJroHa, Hoc'br My e rt,n:bt', e rpyAHo Aa ce orrpeAenrr Koe e noAnor (zo-wantu hana-ga) u rtoxe Aa ce IroMl4c,rru, qe -waMapKep 3a poAlrreneH rraAex. BuxAa ce, qe AoKaro e Enpona npI4BI4AHara ceMaHTI4qHa MorHBauHt e cBibp3aHa c rraprnrlrBHocrra rrrvt c oflpeAeneHocrra, B q[oHcKr4 Morr.{Bupaq $axrop ce flBflBa Kareropuqra monuK (meuamusarlun vnu rozuuecxu nodnoz). Tonuxt'm vrt meuama (t{ro raroe; Topic) e uafi-u:eecrHara 3a r{rrrareJrr urn4 cnyrxaren{ qacr Ha H3per{eHuero - ToBa, 3a Koero ce roBopl4 B Hero (rcoero 3Haqrr, qe rro [pr4HrIH[ e onpe4e:reuo!), AoKaro petrama, Hapl4qaHa olqe $orcyc AItu KoMeHmap, e HoBara uu$opnaaqnfl - ToBa, Koero ce Ka3Ba 3a reMara. B o6uxHoeeHoro aur:ruficxo r43perreHr.{e TeMara e HAeHTUT{Ha c:sc cy6ercra. B ABe eAIraKB}r rlo cMl4c'bn u3peqeHr4q Moxre ra rrua pa3nr4r{Hu reN{ri: The dqe kicked the girl - cpeuy: The eirl was kicked by the girl. B

II6pBOTO H3perreHHe Ce fOBOpt4 3a KyqeTo, KoeTo e TeMa Ha U3per{eHueTo, a B:bB BTOpOTO 3a MoMptr{ero, Koero c.sIrlo e reMa. Tenaara N,roxe Aa ce Lgpasv 14 r{pe3 Apyfa H3peqeHcKa c'rpyKrypa: As forthe eirl. the d.og kickedher'uo ce orHacr Ao MoMr4qero,

Kyqero x purua'. Tosa e ilpunolrrlMo u za 6wapcxu (Hraqo,roea 1986: 148): Ronxomo ce omuuca do 6pum uu, moit e do6pe. [oryrc 6s,xa AaAeHr4 Aocrarbr{Ho rrpl{Mepr4, r4nrocrpr4parqu crpyKTypara Ha {rroHcKoTo r43peqeHl4e, B KoeTo noAnof:bT ce MapKupa c -ga, [prKoTo Aon'bJrHeHr4e ce MapKr4pa c -o, Karo H ABere Morar Aa ce 3aMeHrr or reMarr4qHr4r MapKep -wa. Tozu MapKep Mo)Ke Aa crorr 14 cneA o6cro.f,rercrBeHo notcHeHl4e B pon.fl Ha rorrnK (Akiyama 2002: 42): Hachi ji ni wq asagohan-q tabemashita'oceM qacb ers 3aKycKa r4ox'. Cy6ercrram NIapKep -ga ttbK IIoH{Kora ce Il3troJ'I3Ba ga o3Har{aBaHe Ha [p{Koro Aon:bJrHeHue cJreA rracHBFrH rnaro:rn (l1ax ran: 44-45) - BepoflTHo ocraribK or crapa rracuBHa locrpofira Ha r43pelreHr4ero, KoflTo 3aKoHoMepHo Moxe Aa ce r:bnKyBa Karo ilocecuBHa KoHcTpyKuI{r, B KoqTo npr4Te}KaHI{eTo oe l43pa3tBa oTHoBo c -wa, KaKTo B [ocoqeHrzs flpnMep 'Ha cjroHa Hocibr e AT,nbr': MarT-san-ws. tenisu-qa jozu desu'Mepn e,1o6pa Ha reHuc' = 'na Mepu reHlzc:tr e 4o6:sp' (6. u.- l4n'.Lll.). flo:roxeuuero B e3zKa ahuy e cneAHoro. Tanr noglorbr H AoII'bJrHeHI4ero He ce MapKupar $optra:rHo, Ho ce pa3nur{aBar r{pe3 cJ-IoBopeaa (Shibatani 2402: 19, 23): Kamuy umma rayke 'veuwata y6vt KoH.fl'; Kamuy ainu rayke 'veuxara y6u voeexa'; Ainu kamuy rayke'uoneKtr MeqKaray6u'. B rosu eslar o6aqe cr,Irlo HMa nrop$ena:a MapKHpaHe Ha rorrr4Ka (llarc ran: 38-39), Kotro e anak(ne): Ku-kor hamper-anakne isoun-kur ne'MoflT 6arqa ,roneu 6e'. llolo6no Ha rrloHcKvr, rr B afiHy relrarvqHnflT MapKep rv{o}Ke Aa cror4 H cneA AonbnHeHr4ero (IIax rarr,r: 39): Ku-turesi-anakne unarpe otta ci-hoppa'MoflTa cecrpa nenq rtpn ocraBp{xMe'. Cryuafiuo Lrr}r He, I{ B aituy npu orpnqaHr4e HMa N{apKrrpaHe Ha Aorrr.nHeHuero c rorll{KarHara vop(peua - ttoHe BibB Bcr4qKH or nocoqer{r{re y llfu6araHu rlprMepl4 (llan rarvr: 39, 82) - ero eAI4H or rtx: Sake-anakne somo a-ku '(qo ce orHac{ 4o) nnHo a3 He rtus'. Z orHoeo [pI4 orpl{IlaHrie

h IIOAJ|IOI|bT, BKJIloql'ITeJIHO KaTo I{MeHHO CJIOBOCr,qeTaHI4e (flaK TaM: 39): Poron-no-qnafu isam'*ruosr[Ha He ca/ssv.a'. Ilo:roxeuuero e xopeficxu e no4o6uo Ha flrIoHcKI{, c Ta3u pa3JIl{Ka, r{e Ha MapKr4paHero Ha orpl4UaHuero He ce Ha6ntra. B rosu e:ur (Ihm, Hong 2001: 144-146, 163-164) rroAJrorbr ce MapKr.lpa c voprfevnre -il-ga cilopeA ToBa Aanu 3aBibplxBa Ha cr,rracHa vrrv .:rac*a. a npflKoro AorrbJrHeHI4e no cibull4-fl rcpvnepuit ce MapKHpa c -all-ral (xonro B pa3roBopHara peq Morar Aa ce I43nycuar): Nun-!omnida'cHerbr Barv' Nan-an achime shinmun-al ilgsamnida - 6yrealuo 'as cyrpuH BecrHL{K .Iera'. Tenrarxqullre MapKepr{ -nan/-an/-n (flax rau: 163-164: Kim 1996: 81-82; Oh 2006: 117; Jones, Rhie 1984: 606), KorlTo 3aMecrBar oKoHqaHr,rtra Ha cy6erra u o6erra, ce I.i3noJI3Bar 3a r8pa3tBaHe Ha u3peqeHcKaTa TeMa r4 3a KoHTpacT, KaKTO 14 3a [OAtrepTaBaHe Ha
MOXe Aa Ce MapK:/lp'aT

'Iqo ce orHacfl Ao ...' : Ka bun-aa Kim sonsengieyo ' (tslo ce orHacr 4o) ro:ra qoBeK, Ituu rocno4lan e'; Ssalte omnan mulgon-an saji mashio '6e:no:regna croKa ue rynynafi!' (c orpnqaHl4e). Ctuo Karo B sIIoHcKl{ (Ihm, Hong 2001: 9) KoHTpacrbr e Hairr4qe u Koraro roBa, cflp.rMo Koero ce KoHTpacrl4pa, He e H3pr4r{Ho rroKa3aHo (roea .noruqHo craBa H rlpu orpl{IlaHlre): Jo-n ajik kimchi-!!4 mot mogoyo 'a3 oule KnMr{H He Mora ra flM [uo rtora ra flM Apyrpl rcopeficru nctux)'. LI e ropeficxu ronr4KaJrHprflT MapKep (= T) rr.loxe Aa crolr He caMo cneA c:blrlecreure:rult (flax ral,l l64t Jones, Rhie 1984: 644,427): Jon-an achim-e-n(?n) pappayo'az-T cyrpuura-T cru 3aer'; I posa-nan Chongno-ro-n ankayo'to3u asto6yc-!9ouruo-rlu-T He oruna'; I munj an g - a3 j o gam- an ihe hamnid a' ToBa H3per{eHile-T lta,rxo-T pa:6upau' . (Doprr,ra,ruoro MapKr4paHe Ha rorrr4Ka ce cpeua 14 B MoHfo,rcxu (fa,rcan, fpa6apr 1989: 38), KibAero,,3a aKrIeHTyBaHe" ce u3rroJr3Bar r{acrr4rll4re 6on vrkt Hb'. Eu-6on onmaH roM',rro Kacaercq MeHr, To q oryAeHt' (6u - 'a3'). .fereHuero ce cpeua AopH B roxHoaN'repr4naHcKr4q e3LIK Keqya (Dunkel 2003: 38-40; Pottier 1974: 174), r<r1ero Torrr4KaJrHutrT MapKep e -qa'. Manachu chay-W. Santa Inds? 'lne e JrI4 oHoBa Casra VIsec?': Qam-W" hamunki'qo ce oTHacq 4o re6, ule AofiAeur'. B esuqltre, Kr,Aero TeMara H peMara He ce MapKr4par Soprta:ruo, Te3H Kareropl4Ir c:brIlo c:blrlecrByBar 14 o6lrrHoeeF{o ce MapKr4par qpe3 cnoBopeAa u cvrara Ha I4HToHaIIuxta. flucaHo e }.I 3a r43pa3{BaHero Ha re3rz ABe Kareropl4rl e 6:s:rrapcru (Guentchlva 1994: 11-18, Feuillet 2006: 609-610; Rudin 1986: 20-2I). Trir Karo reMara vnv rorruKtr cibA:bp)Ka crapara uutfopnraqul, a $oxyc:bT e rIo3uUHfTa, Bbpxy Ko.fTo ce Ha6:rqra, v3pa3flBaHero Ha rrocJreAHrrr craBa qpe3 3acr{nBaHe HHTeH3I,ITera Ha yAapeHzero (noxasaHo c yAe6eneH rupusr): I:IeaH ($oxyc) cqynu qatuama (ronux), a He H-flrcoi.r Spyr; I4eau (ronr.m) cqynu qatuama (Sorcyc), a He Heu1o Apyro. Teuarugaqlrtra Moxe Aa ce ycunv e u3laacflHe Ha Tonr.rKa B rrpeAHa no3r4qr4r n ay6tupaaero My c r (noero B cnyqar ce flBqBa $opuaneH MapKep, KaKTo B flnoHcKlt u,ru rcopeficrcu): Vawama zcqynu tr4eau. B:sn rfpeHcrrz (Guide 1966: 67-12) uspeveucKara reMa ce u3pa3rBa upe: gy6nr.rpaHe 1no4o6Ho Ha yABoeHlu noAror e 6:n:rrapcru): Cet autobus va-t-il ii la gare du nord?Tosu aemo6yc omuea .nu (mou) ua Ceeepuama zapa? B yurapcxu trpu I43noJI3BaHe Ha ,'Iotr4r{ecKo y,4apeHr4e B n3peqeHr4eTo oe MecTIr u AenHMara fJlalo-lrHa npeAcraBKa (HayneHxo-flann 1982: 257). B 6acrn (Basque Grammar) cr,ulo reMara vIIr4 rorl{Kr'r ce r43T6KBa qpe3 flocraBrHe B Haqanoro Ha u3peqeHl4ero, AoKaro peMara ulu $onyc:sr ce nocraBr HenocpeAcrBeHo rrpeA rJraro:ra. tr4grlxsa ce [paBI4nHo (llarc rau), ue :a eprarlrBHlrt 6acrcu e3r{K He ca npr4no}KI4MI,I [oHqrl{fl Karo cy1ercm v o6ercm, a rroycnerrrHo ce ilpr4narar 1pyfv - r4MeI{Ho monuK u Qoxyc, Karo rorlnK:br Mo}Ke Aa ce
pa3,'rr,rKa, u cbulo ce [peBe;KAar

rrptreMe 3a rrpororr{n Ha cy1eKma B no-pa3BIITLIle e3uII}.I (sa rona ue ce toBopn Ir ttoHararur). I4uren:rater:br Ha r4HroHarll4tra c:brIlo Mo)Ke Aa npoMeH.r tpoxyca e 6acroro
r.{3peqeHHe.

JrHr{Ho MecroprMeHr4e pI r:rarott B MHoto e3I{IIH Ha npaKTHKa npeAcraBnraar Spasa c rroAqepraBaHe Ha reMara upes 4y6,rrzpaHe. Crapo6l,rrapcxoro B'IA.B () s'tr'.,rs), craponHAnircxoro vdda utu rorcKoro wait'as 3HaM' rlo ilpI4HUI4rI ca

Cbqeranfigra

or

o3HaqaBa"rrr4 '3Hanuero vrra'

(,{o5pee 1982:92). Cl.reraHuero a46 B'E-Mb 'a3 3HaM' [r,K

paBHocunHo IIa 'a3 3HaHHero-Mu' = 'MoeTo :rHaHl4ero-lr.ru' (e t<uraitct<u vrv HaBaxo as ce npeBp:bula B 'NIofi', irloM ce cnolKrr npeA cr,Iqecrnure,luo) - cpaBHI{ c rypcKl4, KT'Aero

beni-m anne-m'MoffTa-MH wtaiira-un'. B cyaxll:ru (Mohamed, Mazrui 2001 - 154, 189, I98-I99,206).:ruqnnre Mecror4MeHuq ce r43pa3flBar rlo ABa HaqI{Ha: 'as' = mimi lni-; 'Tl4' = wewe I u-; 'Tofi' = yeye. I e-, Karo BTopI4Te $opuu ce .qBtBar fJ'IatoJrHH ilpeAcraBKr4: N-ta-ku-peleka .".'a3 qe re 3aBeAa (e)...' - uo: Mim!- sijambo, na ry? 'a: (c:nna) 4o6pe, atu?'. 3a no4uepraBaHe Ha reMara ctIIIo Ha npaKTI{Ka ce I{3rIoJI3Ba Ay6:rupane: Mimi ni-naipenda sinema ya Numetro 'u1o ce orHact Ao MeH, a3 xapecBaM KuHo3a.rra Hynerpo'. 3. O TPI4UATE JIEH,,f EHrITtrrB" lr.ntl K O HTPAC T r{P E3 O TPTTIIAHI4E Ha rosrl erarr or pa6orara Ber{e e JIoruIrIHo Aa ce crurHe Ao Bbnpoca 4anv e BT,3MoxHo orpr4qarenFll4sr reHlrrr,iB B eBpoileficrcltre e3nIII4 ilT,pBoHarlanHo Aa e 6vt cBibp3aH r4MeHHo c ronr4Kalrl:Jaqilqra na I4HAoeBponeficrure (u npeluHloeeponeficruz) nzpeteuun? Karreropuma rorILrK, Ko.sro e roJIKoBa xapaKTepHa 3a AaJIeKoI{3TorIHHTe e3trrlu. ue e 6u:ra qy)KAa r.{ Ha ApeBHr4t HHAoeeponeficxu npae3l4K, tcofiro c torqMa Bepo.s'rHocl e 6ul eptarr4BeH. B'snpoctr Aopld He e AanH ro e I4MaJIo, a Ao KaKBa creIIeH e 6ust or 3HaqeHr{e npr4 nocrpoilrcara Ha r43per{eHl{ero. VIsKazsaHu ca MHeHIrt - or Jleuan (Lehman 1976: 450;) u Il-lnra,'ru1rar (Schmalstieg 1980: 166-188), qe II:bpBoHar{arIHo HHAoeBponeficKr4.flr npae3uK e 6ur reMarlrr{Ho opueHTupaH, a rlo-K:bcHo ce e [peBT,pHan n cy6exlHo opr{eHTr4paH - cpaBHrr c Ka3aHoro 3a epraruBHus 6acru rro-rope. Toecr safiHanpeA B HHAoeBponeficroro r{3peqeHlle ce e Ha6rsfaJlo Ha norrqecKl4t IIoAJIor, a tpaMaruqHuflT roA.rror e 6u:r r.I3TT,KHar Ha no-KbceH erarl. lalu He e 6uro B:b3MoxHo npoMrHara na o6ercruara $oplra npr{ orpl4uaHue Aa e craBaJla HMeHHo xaro Sopnaa,rHo r.r3paxeHr.re Ha Kareropt4tra rorruK - As eutrcdaM ma3u .trceua, (uo) tao ce omuacn do OHU3U )rCeH&. Hefl He (a) eutrdau = \1% BHl<A:r Td xeNX: oNoA lfieN n se rnx3,x? Berue
floooqeHo, qe KaTefopl{rTa ToIrrrK B
14

KOHTpaCT, He3aBI4CI4N{O AanH lVre}I(Ay Ber{e I43BeCTHOTO

/IaJreKOI4:]TOTIHI4Te e3l4l-ll4 Cny)KI4 3A r43pA3flBaHe Ha L HOBOTO, I4ilII Me)KAy IIOCOqeHOTO

He[ocrfqei]oro: Kop. Jon ajik kimchi-nan mot mogoyo 'a3 oule KI{Mttu He Mora La flM [Ho lrora Ia frM Apyrn xopeficxu tcrttxf'. Ho He e JII{ [opa3HTeJIHa ceMaHTur{Hara npHnr4Ka MexAy [ocoqeHr4re [pr4Mepr{ Lt t]J4TkrpaHIjTe pycKl4 TaKI4Ba, KSAeTO KOHTpaCTST ce u3pa3flBa c:btt1o c peAyaHe Ha ABe oKoHr{aHl{.f,'. He eu lemquHbl (raso6rqo) - He eu 7emquHy (e nporneoflonoxHocr Ha ApyrI,ITe BIrAoBe r4ene)? Aro ce B:bpHeM orHoBo Ha azz, BHxAn r?K x6Ni6, oNoA ,KeN6r N Bl4xAm, u1e rpr6na Aa ce flo-flcHl4, qe I43perteHl4ero t
- eAHa nbpBoHar{anHo

fpylla nacHBHu fJraloJIH,

H3pa3tBauII4 Bib3IIpI4tTI4e r{pe3 C9TT4BATA rr

Mucb;rra

BHA.bTH, B'BA.bTH, 4bp'hTu, cl%rtuATr-{ nbpBoHarra,rrHo I,tMar nceeAoo6eKT 3a

H3Tor{Hr4K Ha B:b3rrpu.qrnero B poAurenHo-a6,qarileeH

ocTaBtrJro cneAa H IIo-K:bcHo

e ynorpe6r't or

IIaAex ([o6pee 1982: 72). Tosa e THrIa: BHXAib nPAB0T6l (Hapeg c Bl4A,'hBa

B.bp6), closcz trra clstrxHM6 (uapel cbc clstLUA,T closo). Toecr

I43per{eHl4ero

nr,pBoHarrarHo e il3rne)KAano A4a EHxAx T0A xeNan, oNoA xNar N BHxAzK.

LI e Seata

cnyqar e IrMano ncen4oo6exr, a nocre 'roii e ocraHaJT caMo cneA orpl{uarenHara r{acruqa N, KO{TO HOCH KOHTOHKTHBHA OTC'HKA Ha BepotTHo, or{aKBaHo, HO 3a MOMeHTa Heoc:F,rrlecTBeHo H HepeanHo Aeficreae. llcee4oo6enrtr, rIoA pa3nl{uHa $oplta' e xapaKTepeH 3a Muoto e3r4rlu - pyc. Pucxyn sdopoeuen, yur. Olvasott a ktinv-bol' (roil) r{ere or KHr4tara', Ha rypcKrr Kitap-tan oku,vor. llporueonocraBrHero Me)fiAy rrapTuTt{BHocT 11. HenapTr,rTHBHocT cT,ulo e cBbp3aHo c KoHTpacr: Ilototrcu cutL (Heyra:aHo KoruqecrBo), uo - Ilonotrcu conu (axrcaKBo Ko:Il{qecrno [a He ncuuroro]). llpra peruaBaHero Ha npo6,reMa 3a ceMaHTI4Kara Ha orpl4uarenHufl teHurI4B B r4HAoeBporteficr<r.rre e3r{rll4 MHoto Ba)KHa Moxe Ia ce oKa}Ke ceMaHTuKara Ha orpnqarenHara r{acrr4ua ue. B cJraBrncKlrre e3I{IIu orpl4llarenHara AyMa He Lrv.a en.Ha cneqzsuvua ynorpe6a, Ha Korro rroqru ue e o6p:sulaHo BHHMaHL{e H Kotro ynorpe6a ue e perr4crpr{paHa B per{Hl4ur4Te Ha 6r,:napcKl4t e3I4K, AoKoJIKoro M}r e I43BecrHo. Craea B:bnpoc 3a KoHcrpyKrlrrr4 or runa II-{e qaka.u, dorcamo ue doitdeu.t, Kor4To ca xapaKrepHu 3a B0prrrKn cJraBfHcKr4 e3urlr4 14 BCT,UJHOCT O3HarIaBar IJ-{e uaxatt (cauo) dorcamo doudeut I IJ{e uaxan ocreH doxamo doiideru I llJe varcau, Ho He cned xamo doudeu,t. Eayeponu (Bauer, Bauerova 1972) ca ilucarv rro Bbnpoca 3a KanKupaHero Ha no4o6uu Spa:ra e ilpeBoAa Ha crapo6t:rrapcrur eBaHrercKu TeKcr, K:bAero rIoA rpr,uKo BIIVflHvre orpr{rlarenHara qacruua ce I,I3nycKa - Ne n\H4\eul}4 0TB Tx,A'b proHspreNe Z BB4/a,AcH
noc^.bAbNHh rcoNaAipArs

rp.

#cog

tiv crno8frq tdv #olotov ro8pdvtqv (Mr 5. 26 3orp,

N 0Tacr;KnHT6 MoAifBcrBoBANilrA

Mup). Ho:

He

BlAnoclorbrfi rcto AoNAexe

Cynp. 298.

2l -

e3r4K tBireHr4ero e HarI:bJIHo Hoprua.rlHo: ... edua qepmu4a ... HnMa da npeuuue, dorcamo BcuttKo ne ce cStdue Mr 5. 18 (Bra6:rus l99l).Ilpuuepr.r or pycKu (Russian Dictionary 1958: 12, 19,2I): Hau npttdemcn 6atrolamb ee, noKa oHa He nonpazumcn. VI or qe[IKI4 (Czech Dictionary 2001: 4l): Poikam dokud nepiijde,{. B potvtaHcxl4re e3lrl-lu ce ua6:rro4aea aHalotl4r{eH npoqec (lltpnanon 2A03: 270): Bce narc, doxamo He ce sbpHe pesnucKama aSpamuo, He Moza da ct.u cu|ypeH, qe ... - uTaJL. ... comunque finchi non

orr et).oyo sotdv 6coq o6 anootfr 'co'u $povr'lLtcx,ro6. B csnpetteHuu.s

6t,'IrapcKu

tornc indietro la ricevuta ...I,1rIr.r Sp. Il est plus grand que je ne croyai'tofi e rIo-BI4coK, orKoJrKoro cI4 npeAcramx' (Di ctionnaire 2005 : 2l l). Orpuqaullero e cJ'ro)KeH $eHonreH v cnylKu sa [peAaBaHe Ha Hafi-pas:ruvul't ceMaHTurrHr4 olreH:brrrr. B pycxu (fpa:ara Huxmo He cnLun = Bce He cnttm (Eou4apro 1983: 91; VIttuesa20O4: 55). B orsorueur4fra MexAy orpHIIareJIHHre u o6o6rqureJlHlzre MecToI4MeHr4.fl e HaMeceH r.r oTprrrlaTenHvflT te}{uTklB - IIpH 3ail{fl}]a Ha 6Ce C Huqmo reHr{Tr4Bbr craBa 3aAr,Jrxr{Tenen (Ila4yqesa 2006: 3l): Bce omo n He 3Hatt - Huqez!gt1,toz7 n He 3HaJt. Baxga pont nprl TT,pceHeTo Ha "yr'Illr.l.z," oT BpeMeTo, KolaTo e .qoMHHIIpana JloruqecKara nocrpoiira Ha L{3peqeHl4ero, ocBeH ceMaHTI4Kara Ha IIACTUIIATA HE VTPAE I4 KOHTPACTIIBHOCTTA, 3A KO'TO BCI{C CTAHA B:bNPOC. Tg UITA BPb3KA eAHoBpeMeHHo r4 c reMaru3aur4fiTa, 14 c orpI4IIaHLIero LI Moxe Aa 6'sre H3pa3tBaHa no eAr.rH Lr cr,III HarruH B H-fiKou clroMeHarplTe e3t{IrH, Koltro pI3IroJI3Bar Qoptra,ruo MapKHpaHe Ha cbulecrBlrreirHure npu orpr4lralt4e krIILr noHe MapKnpar $opuaJlHo sbc crreuqanHa naop$eua JrorriqecKr4r noAJIor. Kalo lpuuep ilIe ce AaAe l43peqeHuero 'roeop.a cavo (c:neceu) valxo ... e3HK' (no Transparent Language 2402)' KoeTo B'bB

ce r{3pa3rBa c n3[oJI3BaHe Ha KOHTpacT 14 OTpUIIaTenHa AyMa hnl4 MopOeMa ('ne roeopr ... gcBeH, tralro'). Ble $peHcKI,I To H3rnexAa raxa'. Je ne parle qu' utt petit peu de frangais 'toBopfl. caMo MaJIKo Speucxu'- 6yrea,ruo, 'ne toeopl oceeH/orxoJrKoro Mai'rKo $pencrra'. " B qrtoHcKu BI4xAaMe cneAHoro: Watashi-wa nihongo-gct sukoshi shika hanasemasen'a3 trIoHcKI4 ManKo ocBeH ue roeopx'. B ropeilcxrl v*ra'. Jonan hangugo-ral jogam pakke mot hamnida 'a: ropeficKn MaJrKo ocBeH se e..raAes'. B Sacxr.r: Zoritxarrez, euskara pixka bat baino ez dakit'3a xaroct, 6acKu MaJrKo oceeH/orKor'rKoro He 3HaM'.lloAo6ua KoHcrpyKl{l4{ c:blrlecrByBav B I4TaJIuaHcKlI, 14 B r4cnaHcxra (flrpnaHoe 2003: 166,268,307; Spanish Dictionary 2005: 569, 598): urat. Puccini non ha at'uto che un desiderio - diventare musicista - ITyuuuu HtMaIue dpyzo J{enaHue, oceeu da cmaHe My3uKaHm; ucn. Eso no es mds que ttn prejuicio 6yrealHo, 'ToBa He e (ireuto) floBer{e orrolroro/ocBeH npeApa3cs.qbx'. lloAo6un KoHcrpyKrtw vwa u e 6r:rrapcnu: Hue u1e uszySuu snpnma e ce6e cu u uautuit udean H.r"\ta da 6tde ocgeH (= u4e 6ude ciiuo') dtro1tm uu, doSpe HambnKaH c
B:bIIpOCHr4Te e3r4rlr4

napu (no A.ni.rnaeoa); Toil ue u3?oH6a Secoeeme, oc6eH upes Beenseeyna, SecoecKun KHns Mr 12. 24 (Bu6tux 1991). B rsx ugrr,ra AeilcrBr4reJrHo orpurlaHr4e. B noc:reAHl{{ rpl4Mep I4cyc nc'sulHocr roHlr 6ecoeere, a ue o6paruoro. tr4 c:bqeral{ue or rl{Ira He ... oc6eH Bc'brrlHocT e paBHocl{nHo Ha ciluo. Orpr.rqare:ruara AyMa He e cI4HoHHMHa Ha oTpt{LIaTenHa"taAyMa6es.B HtKoH e3I{I1H'H-f,MaM' -'(crnr) 6e3', a'nMaM'='(cr'*.t) ctc' - 8111. arrlpanuficKlr.fl e3HK apa:a1a, KbAero 'Mblxlsr H.flMa xeHa' ce u3pa:lna 6yrcnalHo 'MT,xl,T xeua-6e3' (Green 1994: 34). llo ra:u :rorl{Ka e HopManHo ue u 5es Aa Motar Aa

ce ynorpe6flBar Karo cr{HoHr4Mrr B eAI4H I{ c:bxl KoHTeKcr: He .votre da ce nurue sa Bant4apoa, 6es du ce c.noweHe moSoema - He uotrce da ce nurue sa Baru,1apoe, oKo He ce cno.MeHe nrc6oerna. Tyx crrcs'sr aKo (nourrora cuHoHaMeH Ha c:blo3a da) vspasnsa ycJroBHocT, ToecT HepeanHocT, 3aeAHo c AyMaTa ue. 3aroea oTpHIIaTenHaTa IyMa He r{ecro ce r43rron3Ba B KoHTeKcr c HepeanHo Aeficteue, Toecr c KoHroHKTlte. B HcIraHcKIt BJ'IilflHI{eTO Ha OTpHUaHHeTO Ce I43pa3tBa B H3rIOJI3BaHerO Ha KOHIOHKTHB BMeCTO r4Mrreparr4B rrpu orpr{qarerHa 3a[oBeA (Feuiilet 2006: 559). Kasea ce Comprql'Kynl't!', uo ly'o comprgs! = 'He nynynaft!'. B ra.rptucrlr (Kostova 1994:75) noaqrznt4TeJlHlIflT cttoz quin, KofiTo BT,BexAa [oAr{r4HeHo AoI]T'nHI{TenHo pl3peqeHue c:bc cKa3yeMo B KoHroHKTaB, ce u3rroJr3Ba caMo Kofaro B f:raBHoro I43peqeHl4e I4Ma orpllqaHue: Nil tam dfficile est, quin quarendo investigari posit. - Hut lo He e molKoea mpyduo, qe da ue x4o)Ke da ce usdupu c mbpceHe = 'Bcu.IKo (roea) He e rpyAHo 14 BclIqKo Moxe Aa ce rr31t4prr c lrpcene' (ex. nax pycKr4Te HuKmo - ece). Crapu KoHroHKTt4BHIr orHoIrIeHI4t ce trulsT n e 6's:rrapcKl4fl c:bto3 da ue'. Cmpax ue e da He u3qesHetu - cpelr'\y'. Cmpax ue e, q.e u,le uslte3Heut (uo 6es KOHToHKTHBHT4 orHorueHzr).s Cle4 ecuvKo Ka3aHo Molre Aa 3aKJrroqI,IM, ue IJle me qaKaM, dorcamo ue doiideut = 'UIe Te qaKaM, (oceeu) AoKaTo AoiiAeru' (no oule He ct4 Aorur,J'r 14 He ce 3Hae Aaru uso6qo ule AofiAen) - :a pa3nl4Ka or I{e me qaKaM, dorcamo doudeut (crzrypuo e, qe u1e Aofileur). B nr"peur clyuafi uva KOHIOHKTIIBHa OTCTI{Ka 3a BepotTHo I{ Or{aKBaHO, HO BCe OUIe HeOCbqeCTBeHO V
nporaeonoJloxHo Ha clqeraHr4ero ne ... que e c'rueratnero que ... ne c'tre cbruufl cMlzcr'lt - Bx. Beqe cfloMeHaroro Il est plus grand que jene cro.tai 'rofi e no-sncoK, orKo,'Ixoro cll flpeAcraeax' (Dictionnaire
2005: 21 l).
5

Bx. I{e. llnues. Eonzapcxuit KoHbK)HKmuB s cuHxpoHHo.xt u OuaxpoHHov acneKmax e:urogsanue" , l ,2013 (IIoa neuar).

cn. ,,Ea:xaHcrco

HepeanHo AeficrBr4e.

A $pa:ara

BlrxAx xNtr IIo ra3l4 notllKa e paBHa ua 'euxgant

(ecuurco apyro) ocBeH )KeHara'l'suxAat\{ cauo (ncuulto gpyro) 6eg xesara'. O'rHoeo ctz npurroMH_flMe cneAHr4Te pycKr4 flpilMep14, B KOHTO I4MA IIpOTUBOfTOCTaBtHe, TOecT KoHTpacr (xapaxrepeH 3a rorrprKa), crueraH c rIaprI{TI4BHocr I{ npeAnonataeuo geficrnue

c,ryuafi: Hu oduozgcpouapyHe zopero (urualo e ropflIIII4 SeHepn, AopI4 Moxe r.rso6qo Aa e HrMaro (peHepra) -- Hu oduu Qouapu He zoper ((fenepz trMa, Ho ne ca 6u:ru :ana:reuz). 4.I;4.3BOI.,I l]oryrc 6xxa pa:r.ueAaHr.{ orpt4rlarenHuflT teHVTr4B B HflKoJlKo eeponeficKlr e3HKa H KoHTpacTHoTo oTpr,rqaHHe B HtKor'IKo a3tIaTcKLt e3I4Ka. B:superu qe y[oTpeoure na eAHaTa KaTetopr4r H Ha ApyfaTa He cbBnaAaT HaI:bJIHO, HaJII4qe Ca n IIOpa3HTeJIHH npuJrr4Kr4. Toea gonycKa B:b3Mox(Hocrra nr,pBoHar{aJlHara ceMaHTLIKa Ha orpI4IIareJIHI4.s HHAoeBpoleficxn reHI{TrrB la e 6ula cBT,p3aHa c rorluKa, a rro-KlscHo Aa ca HacrbI]I4JIn Aon:bnHLITeJrHX ceMaHTur{HH Bapval1:ra, KaKTo rlplr BcflKo fpaMarurlHo tBJIeHI,Ie. I]ema Ha HacToflIrlaTa cTaTvfl e Aa I43KDKe eAHO IIpeAnOnOXeHne, a He Aa ilpaBl4 KaTerOppIqHI4 u3BoAr{. B:snpexu roBa, rroKalaHrfl't Marepr4an c ocHoBaHI4e Hu AaBa rtpuqlrHa 3a pa3Nrrrc'bn r{ 3a ro-HarariblllHo rlpoyqBaHe Ha B:bllpoca.
B e4nr7vfl,

A.nunlrena: A.
:

EI4EJII4OIPA(DMfl

A,runnesa.

CuonraHHoro 6urue

ll

http //l iternet. bglpub li sh/aalipieva./liompl eksi/vazov. htm.

En6,ruq l99l: Bulrut cupeq KHLIrnre ua CseqeHoro nl{caHue. Corflrr. E,rarona 2003: T. Eraroea. Typcrn e:ux. Canaoyql4reJl B.{I4aJIo3I4. B. Trpuoro. Bongapro 1983: B. EoH4apro. OrpuqaHze KaK JlorllKo-rpaMMaruqecKa.s Kareropuq. Mocrea. la,rcau, fpa6apr 1989: C. fa,rcau, I4. fpa6apl. Yqe6uur MoHroJIcKoro -s3blKa Ar-s
14

HocrpaH ueo. V,raaH6aarap.

[o6pee 1982:tr4s. lo6pen" Crapo6:s.:rrapcKa rpaMarurca. Teopnr Ha ocHoBure. Co$nr. llnrlesa 2004: M. rlruesa. BrnrapuHm B cBoI{Te MecroHMeHIIr. Co$ur. HayueHxo-flaun 1982: A. Hayueurco-llarn. Ilparruuecxuii rcypc BeHrepcKoro -s3blKa.
Mocxea.

I{uqo,rosa 1986: P. Hnuoroea. Brrrapcrcure h{ecroltMeHwn. Co$ua. fla4yueea 1997: E. fla4yuera. Polure:rrulrii cy6rer<ra B orpl{uarenbHoM npeAnoxeHllu: cr4HraKcuc IIJIn ceMaHTI4xa? // Bonpocll fl3bIKo3Hauua.2, 101-116. ffa4yueea 2005: E. lla4yuena. Erqe pa: o renr{rl{Be cy6rer<ra ilpr orpl4uauuw ll Bonpocu
r3brKo3Hanr4 s. 5, 84-99.

[a4yueea 2006: E. lla.qyuena. feHurus

Bonpocu
s3bIKo3HaIIu q.

AorroJIHeHH.l B orpnl{arenbHoM npeAnoxewwu

ll

6,21-43.
Cauoyql'IreJl. B. Tlpuoeo.

flrpranoe 2003: X. fl:spaauon. Llrattuancrcu e:ur. 9ro ranoe: 9ro raroe reMa H penaa? // e-repa.ru.

*****

Transparent tanguage 2002: l0l Languages of the World. Transparent Language, lnc. Akiyama 2002: N. Akiyama, C. Akiyama. Japanese Grammar. China. Balode, Holvoet: L. Balode, A. Holvoet. The Latvian Language and its Dialects ll The Circum-Baltic Languages: Typology and Contact. I // books.google.bg. Basque Grammar: Basque Grammar // en.wikipedia.org. Bauer, Bauerova 1972: J. Bauer, M. Bauerova. Staroslovdnske spojky typu dofiudeIe, doiteliie // Syntactica slavica. Brno, 421- 427. Campbell 1991: G. Campbell. Compendium of the World's Languages. 1, 2. London, New York.

Czech Dictionary 2007: iesko-anglicky mluvnik. Praha. Dalewska-G refi 1997 : H. Dalewska-Grefr. Jqzyki slowiafi skie. Warszawa. Dambritnas, Ulimas 1966: L. Dambriunas, A. Ulimas, W. Schmalstieg. Introduction to Modern Lithuanian. New York. De Rijk 1974: R. De Rijk. Partitive Assignment in Basque // Anuario del Seminario de Filologia Vasca "Julio de Urquijo". San Sebastian. 6, 130-173. Dictionnaire 2005: Larousse Dictionnaire school poche. Paris.

Dunkel 2003: W. Dunkel. Quechua ftir Peru-Reisende. Germany. Estonian Grammar: Estonian Grammar // en.wikipedia.org. Feuillet 2006: J. Feuillet. Introduction d la typologie linguistique. Paris. Feuillet - Grammaire: J. Feuillet. Grammaire du gotique (floA ne'{ar). Finnish Noun Cases: Finnish Noun Cases // en.wikipedia.org. Genitive Case: Genitive Case // en.wikipedia.org. Gerefro 1997:X. Gereflo. Learning Basque. Guilford. Green 1994: L Green. A Learner's Guide to Eastern and Central Arrernte. Alice Springs. Guentch6va 1994: Z. Guentch6va. Thdrnatisation de l'objet en bulgare. Bern. Guide 1966: Guide de conversation Bulgare - Frangais. Sofia. Harms 1963: R. Harms. Estonian Grammar. Bloomington. 1963. Ihm, Hong 2001: H. Ihm, K. Hong, S. Chang. Korean Grammar. Seoul. Jacobson 1995: S. Jacobson. A Practical Grammar of the Central Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimo
Language. Fairbanks.

Jones, Rhie 1984: B. Jones, G. Rhie. English

Seoul.

Korean Practical Conversation Dictionary.

Kamiya 1988: T. Kamiya. Speak Japanese Today. Tokyo, Rutland, Singapore. Kim 1996: Kim, In'S. Colloquial Korean. London and New York. Kostova L994: M. Kostova. Lingua latina. Co$rlx. Ladzina 1966: T. Lazdina. Teach Yourself Latvian. London. Lehman 1976: W. Lehman. From Topic to Subject in Indo-European ll Subject and Topic (Edited by Ch. Li). New York & London, 44'7- 456. Mohamed, Nlazrui 2007:K" Mohamed, A. lv{azrui. Swahili. USA. Moravcsik 1978: E. Moravcsik. On the Case Marking of Objects // Universals of Human
Language. 4. Syntax. Stanford, 248-289.

Okul siizlii[i\994: Okul sozlii$i.I. Ankara. Oh 2006: S.-E. Oh. Korean Made Easy for Beginners. Paju-si. Pottier 1914 8. Fottier. Linguistique gdn6rale. Paris. Ramoniene, Press 2007: M. Ramoniene, I. Prcss. Colloquial Lithuanian. London. Rudin L986: C. Rudin. Aspects of Bulgarian Syntax. Columbus. Russian Dictionary 1958: A Phrase and Sentence Dictionary of Spoken Russian. New York. Schmalstieg 1980: W. Schmalstieg. Indo-European Linguistics. Pennsylvania. Shibatani 2002: M. Shibatani. The Ainu Language // M. Shibatani. The Languages of Japan.
Cambridge. Spanish Dictionary 2005: Collins Easy Learning Spanish Dictionary. Glasgow. Topic: Topic-comment // en.wikipedia.org. Wickman 1955: Bo Wickman. The Form of the object in the Uralic Languages. Uppsala
Wiesbaden.

&

10