I.

Descriptive Statistics
x =

xi
n 1 ( x x )2 n 1 i
2 ( n1 1)s 2 1 + ( n2 1) s 2 ( n1 1) + ( n2 1)

sx =

sp =

= b0 + b 1 x y b 1=

( xi x )( yi y ) ( x i x )2

b0 = y b1 x r = xi x 1 n 1 sx sy sx i )2 ( yi y sb 1 = n2

)(

yi y sy

b1 = r

( x i x )2

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II. Probability 
P ( A U B ) = P ( A) + P ( B ) P ( A I B ) P ( A B) = P( A I B) P ( B)

E( X ) = x =

xi pi ( xi x )2 pi

2 = Var ( X ) = x

If C has a binomial distribution with parameters n and p, then:

P ( = k ) = k p k (1 p )n k x = np

()
n

x = np (1 p )
p = p

p =

p (1 p ) n

If x is the mean of a random sample of size n from an infinite population with mean and standard deviation , then:
x =

x =

III. Inferential Statistics

Standardized test statistic:

statistic parameter standard deviation of statis stic

(critical value) (standard deviation of statistic)

Confidence interval: statistic

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Single-Sample
Statistic Standard Deviation of Statistic Sample Mean n
p (1 p ) n

Sample Proportion

Two-Sample
Statistic Standard Deviation of Statistic

Difference of sample means

2 2 1 + 2 n1 n2

Special case when 1 = 2

1 + 1 n1 n2
Difference of sample proportions

p1 (1 p1 ) + p2 (1 p2 ) n1 n2

Special case when p1 = p2 

p (1 p )

1 1 + n1 n2

Chi-square test statistic =

(observed expected )2
expected

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