NG T KHIM KHUYT ng t khim khuyt l nhng ng t c bit.

Chng c gi l "khim khuyt" v chng khng c y tt c cc bin th tt c cc th v bn thn chng cng vi ch ng khng th to ra mt cu hon chnh m cn phi c mt ng t chnh (tr mt s trng hp ngoi l). ng t khim khuyt tt c gm c: SHALL, WILL, WOULD, CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, SHOULD, MUST, OUGHT TO. Tt c cc ng t khim khuyt phi i vi ng t NGUYN MU. Sau y, chng ta s hc tng ng t mt v cch dng cng nh nhng iu cn lu ca chng. SHALL v WILL c gii thch trong bi v TH TNG LAI N . CAN - Th khng nh: Ch ng + CAN + ng t nguyn mu + B ng (nu c) + HE CAN SPEAK ENGLISH AND CHINESE. = Anh ta c th ni ting Anh v ting Trung Quc. - Th ph nh: Ch ng + CANNOT + ng t nguyn mu + B ng (nu c) ++ Lu l CANNOT ta phi vit dnh lin nhau. ++ CANNOT vit tt l CAN'T - Th nghi vn: CAN + Ch ng + ng t nguyn mu + B ng (nu c)? + CAN YOU SPEAK RUSSIAN? = Bn c th ni ting Nga khng? - Cu hi WH vi CAN: T WH + CAN + Ch ng + ng t nguyn mu + B ng (nu c)? + WHAT CAN YOU DO? Bn c th lm g?

- Dng din t kh nng ca ch ng + I CAN SWIM. = Ti c th bi. = Ti bit bi - Dng din t kh nng mt hnh ng, s vic c th xy ra hay khng + I THINK SO, BUT I CAN BE WRONG. = Ti ngh nh vy, nhng m ti c th sai. - Dng xin php, yu cu gia hai ngi quen thn, khng khch so, trang trng bng COULD hoc MAY + CAN I BORROW YOUR CAR TONIGHT? = Ti nay ti c th mn xe hi ca anh c khng? COULD * V cng thc, ta c thay CAN bng COULD trong cc cng thc bi v CAN * V cch dng: - COULD l dng qu kh ca CAN, do ta c th dng COULD din t kh nng ca ch ng trong qu kh + I COULD SPEAK CHINESE WHEN I WAS YOUNG. = Khi ti cn tr, ti ni c ting Trung Quc. (c l gi ri, khng dng na nn qun) - COULD cng c th c dng trong hin ti nh CAN din t kh nng mt hnh ng hay s vic c th xy ra hay khng + HE COULD BE THE ONE WHO STOLE MY MONEY. = N c th l ngi trm tin ca ti. - COULD dng yu cu, xin php; mt cch lch s, trang trng hn CAN + COULD I BORROW YOUR PEN PLEASE? C th cho ti mn cy vit ca anh c khng ? - COULD dng a ra 1 gi , dng trong hin ti

+ YOU COULD SPEND YOUR VACATION IN LT. = Bn c th i ngh mt Lt. * Lu : - CANNOT ngoi ngha khng c kh nng (lm iu g) cn c ngha l khng c (lm g) + YOU CANNOT GO OUT AT THIS HOUR. = Gi ny con khng c i chi. - COULD NOT dng vi ngha hin ti c ngha l khng th no (c chuyn xy ra) + HE COULD NOT BE THE ONE WHO STOLE YOUR MONEY. I KNOW HIM VERY WELL. = Anh y khng th no l ngi trm tin ca anh. Ti bit anh y rt r. MUST * V cng thc: - Ta c thay CAN bng MUST trong cc cng thc bi v CAN * V cch dng: - MUST c ngha l PHI, dng din t mt yu cu bt buc + FOREIGNERS MUST HAVE A WORK PERMIT IN ORDER TO GET A JOB IN VIETNAM. = Ngi nc ngoi phi c giy php lao ng mi c th xin vic lm ti Vit Nam. - MUST din t s chc chn ca mt nhn nh + YOU MUST BE HUNGRY. = Chc hn l bn i ri. * Lu : - MUST NOT vit tt l MUSTN'T - MUST NOT din t s cm on, khng c php lm, nghim trng hn CANNOT nhiu

+ YOU MUST NOT SWIM IN THAT RIVER. IT'S FULL OF CROCODILES. = Anh khng c bi di con sng . Di ton l c su. - MUST ng ngha vi HAVE TO. MUST l ng t khim khuyt, khng c dng qu kh, tng lai. HAVE TO l ng t thng, c cc dng. V vy khi cn din t nhng ngha thng dng vi MUST trn y trong qu kh hay tng lai, ta dng HAVE TO. - Trong hin ti, MUST v HAVE TO khc nhau nh th no? + MUST trang trng hn HAVE TO + MUST din t s bt buc ni ti, ngi ni t cho l mnh phi lm iu g + HAVE TO din t s bt buc ngoi ti, ngi ni cho l mnh phi lm g do hon cnh bn ngoi p buc. + MUST v HAVE TO thng c thay th ln nhau, tuy nhin, MUST c phn trang trng hn HAVE TO + MUST NOT = KHNG C (cm on) + NOT HAVE TO = khng nht thit phi (ty chn) YOU MUST NOT WEAR SHORTS TO GO TO SCHOOL. = Bn khng c mc qun short i hc. YOU DON'T HAVE TO WEAR LONG PANTS IF YOU DON'T WANT TO. = Nu bn khng mun, bn khng nht thit phi mc qun di. MAY * V cng thc, ta c thay CAN bng MAY trong cc cng thc bi v CAN * V cch dng: - MAY c ngha l "c th", c dng xin php mt cch rt lch s, trang trng

+ MAY I USE YOUR TELEPHONE TO MAKE A PHONE CALL? = Ti c th dng in thoi ca anh gi in thoi c khng ? - MAY c dng din t kh nng mt hnh ng, s vic c th hoc khng c th xy ra, kh nng ny khng chc chn lm + YOU CAN TRY CALLING HIM. HE MAY NOT BE AT HOME. = Bn c th th gi in thoi cho anh ta. Anh ta c th khng c nh u. * Ch : - MAYBE = c l, l trng t ch mc chc chn + MAYBE I WILL GO OUT TONIGHT. = C l ti nay ti s i chi. - MAY BE l ng t khuyt khuyt MAY dng vi ng t TO BE + HE LOOKS UNHAPPY. I DON'T THINK HE IS UNHAPPY. HE MAY BE TIRED. = Anh ta trng khng c vui. Ti khng ngh l anh ta ang bun. Anh ta c th ang mt. MIGHT * V cng thc, ta c thay CAN bng MIGHT trong cc cng thc bi v CAN * V cch dng: - MIGHT l qu kh ca MAY, khi no cn dng MAY qu kh, ta dng MIGHT. (c nhng ng t khim khuyt khng c dng qu kh, trong bi khc bn s bit khi no cn dng dng qu kh ca cc ng t khim khuyt) - Trong hin ti, MIGHT c dng din t kh nng mt hnh ng s vic c th xy ra hay khng, mc chc chn yu hn MAY + SHE MIGHT BE ON THE BUS. I THINK HER CAR IS HAVING PROBLEMS. = C y c th ang i ngi xe but. Ti ngh l xe hi ca c y ang b trc trc g .

- Trong hin ti, MIGHT c th c dng a ra gi , nhng khng chc l ngi nghe s thch gi ny + YOU MIGHT TRY SOME MOONCAKE. = Bn c th th n bnh trung thu. - MIGHT c th c dng xin php lch s trong ting Anh ca ngi Anh (khc vi ting Anh ca ngi M), nhng khng thng dng lm. + MIGHT I OPEN THE WINDOW? = Ti c th c m ca s ra khng ? SHOULD * V cng thc, ta c thay CAN bng SHOULD trong cc cng thc bi v CAN * V cch dng: - SHOULD c ngha l NN. - SHOULD dng a ra mt li khuyn + YOU SHOULD START EATING BETTER. = Bn nn bt u n ung cht hn. - SHOULD c dng din t iu g theo nh lch trnh, k hoch, d on ca ngi ni phi c xy ra (nhng c khi li khng xy ra nh ) + HE SHOULD BE HERE BY NOW. = Gi ny anh ta phi c mt y ri ch. (vy m cha thy anh ta u) WOULD * V cng thc: ta c thay CAN bng WOULD trong cc cng thc bi v CAN * V cch dng: - WOULD l dng qu kh ca WILL - Trong hin ti, WOULD c dng yu cu (lch s hay khng ty thi , ni dung cu ni)

+ WOULD YOU PLEASE PUT OUT THAT CIGARETTE? = Anh c th vui lng dp iu thuc anh ang ht? - WOULD YOU LIKE... lun lun l mt li mi rt lch s. + WOULD YOU LIKE SOME COFFEE? Anh ung c ph ch? + WOULD YOU LIKE TO TRY THEM ON? Anh c mun th khng? (th qun o trong tim). - K li hnh ng thng lp i lp li trong qu kh + WHEN I WAS A CHILD, I WOULD ALWAYS SPEND MY SAVINGS ON BOOKS. = Khi ti cn nh, ti lun ly tin dnh c i mua sch. OUGHT TO * V cng thc, ta c thay CAN bng OUGHT TO trong cc cng thc bi v CAN. Tuy nhin, cn ch : - ph nh, OUGHT TO thm NOT s tr thnh OUGHT NOT TO, hoc c khi l OUGHT NOT + ng t nguyn mu thi m khng c TO na. Tuy nhin ng ph nh ca OUGHT TO rt him khi c dng. * V cch dng: - OUGHT TO din t mt li khuyn + YOU OUGHT TO EXERCISE MORE. = Bn nn tp th dc nhiu hn. + HE OUGHT TO STOP SMOKING. = Anh ta nn b ht thuc l. - DIn t mt kh nng hnh ng s vic c th xy ra vi mc chc chn cao + HE OUGHT TO GET THE PROMOTION. HE WORKS REALLY HARD. = Anh ta chc phi c thng chc. Anh ta lm vic tht s sing nng. * OUGHT TO phn bit vi SHOULD nh th no khi c hai u dng a ra 1 li khuyn? - OUGHT TO l li khuyn "nng k" hn SHOULD

- OUGHT TO c hm l khng th cn cch no khc hn l phi (lm g ) ,mang tnh gii php; trong khi SHOULD mang tnh gi - Trong ting Anh ca ngi M, OUGHT TO t c dng.