BTEC408

BTEC408 Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB (4 Semester)

th

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Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

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BTEC408

CONTENTS
EXPERIMENT 1: Generation of continuous and Discrete Unit step signal......................................... 3 EXPERIMENT 2: Generation of exponential and Ramp signal in Continuous and Discrete domain. 4 EXPERIMENT 3: Continuous and Discrete time Convolution. ........................................................... 6 EXPERIMENT 4: Adding and subtracting two Given Signal ............................................................. 8 EXPERIMENT 5: To plot CDF and PDF of Rayleigh distribution, Gaussian distribution and uniform distribution. ........................................................................................................................................... 10 EXPERIMENT 6: Write a program to show signal shifting............................................................... 12 EXPERIMENT 7: Write a program to show Folding of a Signal....................................................... 13 EXPERIMENT 8: Write a program to show signal scaling. .............................................................. 14 EXPERIMENT 9: To study Power Spectral Density ......................................................................... 15 EXPERIMENT 10: Write a program to compute Z -Transform and Inverse Z -Transform. ............. 17

Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

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BTEC408

EXPERIMENT No.1
AIM: Generation of continuous and Discrete Unit step signal. PROGRAM: % EXperiment 1 Generation of continuous and Discrete Unit step signal. x=0:10; y=ones(1,11); subplot(1,2,1); plot(x,y, 'b'); title('continous unit step (u(t))'); xlabel('time (t)'); ylabel('u(t)'); axis([-10 10 -.5 1.5]) grid on; subplot(1,2,2); stem(x,y,'b'); title('discrete unit step (u(n))'); xlabel('time (n)'); ylabel('u(n)'); axis([-10 10 -.5 1.5]) grid on; OUTPUT:
continous unit step (u(t)) 1.5 1.5 discrete unit step (u(n))

0.5

u(n)

u(t)

0.5

-0.5 -10

-5

0 time (t)

10

-0.5 -10

-5

0 time (n)

10

Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

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BTEC408

EXPERIMENT No.2
AIM: Generation of exponential and Ramp signal in Continuous and Discrete domain. PROGRAM: % Experiment 2 Generation of exponential and Ramp Signal in Continuous and Discrete Domain. x=[0:10]; y=x subplot(2,2,1) plot(x,y) xlabel('time(t)') ylabel('r(t)') title('ramp signal r(t)') grid on subplot(2,2,3) stem(x,y) xlabel('time(n)') ylabel('r(n)') title ('ramp signal (r(n))') grid on z=exp(x) subplot(2,2,2) plot(z) xlabel('time(t)') ylabel('exp(t)') title('exp(t)') grid on subplot(2,2,4) stem(z) xlabel('discrete(n)') ylabel('exp(n)') title('exp(n)') grid on

Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

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OUTPUT:
ramp signal r(t) 10 8 6 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 x 10
4

exp(t)

4 2 0

4 time(t)

10

exp(t)

r(t)

6 time(t) exp(n)

10

12

ramp signal (r(n)) 10 8 6 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0

x 10

4 2 0

4 time(n)

10

exp(n)

r(n)

6 time(n)

10

12

Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

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EXPERIMENT No.3
AIM: Continuous and Discrete time Convolution. PROGRAM: % Experiment 3 Continuous and Discrete time Convolution. x=0:15; y=x; subplot(3,2,1); stem(x,y) title('sequence1 x(n)') ylabel('x(n)') xlabel('time(n)') grid on subplot(3,2,2) plot(x,y) title('sequence1 x(t)') ylabel('x(t)') xlabel('time(t)') grid on a=0:15; b=exp(a); subplot(3,2,3); stem(a,b) title('sequence2 h(n)') ylabel('h(n)') xlabel('time(n)') grid on subplot(3,2,4) plot(a,b) title('sequence2 h(t)') ylabel('h(t)') xlabel('time(t)') grid on z=conv(y,b) subplot(3,2,5) stem([0:30],z) title('y(n)=x(n)*h(n)[convolution]') ylabel('y(n)') xlabel('time(n)') grid on subplot(3,2,6) plot([0:30],z) title('y(t)=x(t)*h(t)[convolution]') ylabel('y(t)') xlabel('time(t)') grid on

Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

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OUTPUT:
sequence1 x(n) 15 10 15 10 sequence1 x(t)

x(n)

5 0

x(t)
5 0 0 x 10
6

10

15

0 x 10
6

time(n) sequence2 h(n) 4 3

10 time(t) sequence2 h(t)

15

4 3

h(n)

2 1 0 0 x 10
7

h(t)
5 10 15

2 1 0 0 x 10
7

time(n) y(n)=x(n)*h(n) [convolution] 8 6

10 time(t) y(t)=x(t)*h(t) [convolution]

15

8 6

y(n)

4 2 0 0 5 10 15 time(n) 20 25 30

y(t)

4 2 0 0 5 10 15 time(t) 20 25 30

Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

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EXPERIMENT 4
AIM: Adding and subtracting two Given Signal (Continues as well as Discrete Signals) PROGRAM: % Experiment 4 Adding and subtracting two Given Signals (Continues as well as Discrete Signals) x= 0:15; y=randint(1,16,[1,7]) subplot(4,2,1); stem(x,y) axis([0 15 0 10]) title('sequence 1 y(n)') ylabel('y(n)') xlabel('time(n)') grid on subplot (4,2,2) plot(x,y) axis([0 15 0 10]) title('sequence 1 y(t)') ylabel('y(t)') xlabel('time(t)') grid on v=randint(1,16,[2,9]); subplot(4,2,3); stem(x,v) axis([0 15 0 10]) title('sequence 2 v(n)') ylabel('v(n)') xlabel('time(n)') grid on subplot(4,2,4); plot(x,y) axis([0 15 0 10]) title('sequence 2 v(t)') ylabel('v(t)') xlabel('time(t)') grid on subplot(4,2,5); p=y+v; stem(x,p) title('sum sequences v(n) & y(n)') ylabel('p(n)') xlabel('time(n)') axis([0 15 -10 20]) grid on subplot (4,2,6); plot(x,p) title('sum sequences v(t) & y(t)') xlabel('time(t)') ylabel('p(t)')
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Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

BTEC408

axis([0 15 -10 20]) grid on subplot (4,2,7); q=y-v; stem(x,q) title('subtract sequences v(n) & y(n)') xlabel('time(n)') ylabel('q(n)') axis([0 15 -10 20]) grid on subplot(4,2,8); plot(x,q) title('subtract sequences v(t) & y(t)') xlabel('time(t)') ylabel('q(t)') axis([0 15 -10 20]) grid on OUTPUT:

sequence 1 y(n) 10 10

sequence 1 y(t)

y(n)

5 0

y(t)
0 5 10 15

5 0

time(n) sequence 2 v(n) 10 10

10 time(t) sequence 2 v(t)

15

v(n)

5 0

v(t)
0 5 10 15

5 0

time(n) sum sequences v(n) & y(n) 20 20

10 time(t) sum sequences v(t) & y(t)

15

p(n)

0 -10 0 10 time(n) subtract sequences v(n) & y(n) 5 15

p(t)

10

10 0 -10 0 10 time(t) subtract sequences v(t) & y(t) 5 15

20

20

q(n)

0 -10 0 5 time(n) 10 15

q(t)

10

10 0 -10 0 5 time(t) 10 15

Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

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EXPERIMENT 5
AIM: To plot CDF and PDF of Rayleigh distribution, Gaussian distribution and uniform distribution. PROGRAM: % Experiment 5 To plot cdf pdf of Rayleigh distribution Gaussian distribution and uniform distribution. x= [0:0.1:3]; p= raylpdf(x,1); subplot(2,3,1) plot(x,p) title('releigh pdf') grid on k=[0:0.1:4] z=raylcdf(k,1); subplot(2,3,4) plot(k,z) title('releigh cdf') grid on [xk ,p]= raylstat(1) r= raylrnd(1:5) q=[0:2:4:8]; median_value = unifinv(q) subplot(2,3,2) plot(q) title('uniform pdf') grid on o=[1:2:5:7]; probabitity = unifcdf(o) subplot(2,3,5) plot(o) title('uniform cdf') grid on a = 1:6; b = 2.*a; [m,v] = unifstat(a,b) x1 = random('Normal',0,1,2,4) x1 = pdf('Normal',-30:30,.1,1) subplot(2,3,3) plot(x1) title('gaussian pdf') grid on p1 = cdf('Normal',-25:25,0,1) subplot(2,3,6) plot(p1) title('gaussian cdf') grid on

Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

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n = 1:5; [m,v] = normstat(n'*n,n'*n) OUTPUT:

releigh pdf 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 1 2 3 0 0 5 10 0 0 50 100 2 0.1 0.2 6 0.3 8 uniform pdf 0.4 gaussian pdf

releigh cdf 1 0.8 0.6 4 0.4 3 0.2 0 2 0 2 4 1 0 7 6 5

uniform cdf 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0

gaussian cdf

10

20

40

60

Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

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EXPERIMENT 6
AIM: Write a program to show signal shifting. PROGRAM: % experiment for signal shifting x=-100:100; y=zeros(1,length(x)); N=input('plz enter the value of N') for a=(((length(x)+1))/2-(N)):length(x) y(a)=1; end stem(x,y) axis([-100 100 -1 2]) grid on OUTPUT:
u(n) 2

amplitude

1 0 -1 -100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0 time(n) u(n+40)

20

40

60

80

100

amplitude

1 0 -1 -100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0 time(n) u(n-40)

20

40

60

80

100

amplitude

1 0 -1 -100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0 time(n)

20

40

60

80

100

Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

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EXPERIMENT 7
AIM: Write a program to show Folding of a Signal. PROGRAM: % experiment folding of a signal a=randint(1,11,8); b=-5:5; subplot(1,2,1) stem(b,a) subplot(1,2,2) stem(b,fliplr(a))

OUTPUT:
x(n) 7 7 x(-n)

amplitude

amplitude
0 time(n) 5

0 -5

0 -5

0 time (n)

Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

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EXPERIMENT 8
AIM:Write a program to show signal scaling. PROGRAM: %experiment scaling of a signal x=-4:4; y=[0 1 2 3 4 3 2 1 0]; subplot(3, 1, 1) stem(x,y) axis([-12 12 -1 5]) grid on A=input('enter the speeding factor A x(An)') z=x/A; subplot(3, 1, 2) stem(z,y) axis([-12 12 -1 5]) grid on A=input('enter the slowdown factor A x(n/A)') p=x*A; subplot(3, 1, 3) stem(p,y) axis([-12 12 -1 5]) grid on OUPTPUT:
x(n) 4

amplitude

2 0 -10 -5 0 time(n) x(2n) 5 10

amplitude

2 0 -10 -5 0 time(n) u(n/2) 5 10

amplitude

2 0 -10 -5 0 time(n) 5 10

Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

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EXPERIMENT 9
AIM: To study Power Spectral Density PROGRAM: %experiment to study power spectral density % create random data t = 0:.001:.25; x = sin(2*pi*50*t) + sin(2*pi*120*t); % Add some random noise y = x + 2*randn(size(t)); plot(y(1:50)) grid on title('Noisy time domain signal') % take the fast-Fourier transform (FFT). Y = fft(y,256); % Compute the power spectral density Pyy = Y.*conj(Y)/256; f = 1000/256*(0:127); figure(2) plot(f,Pyy(1:128)) grid on title('Power spectral density') xlabel('Frequency (Hz)') OUTPUT:
Noisy time domain signal 6

amplitude

-2

-4

-6

10

15

20

25 time

30

35

40

45

50

Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

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Power spectral density 90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

50

100

150

200

250 300 Frequency (Hz)

350

400

450

500

Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

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EXPERIMENT 10

AIM: Write a program to compute Z -Transform and Inverse Z -Transform. PROGRAM: %experiment computing Z-Transform and Inverse Z-transform syms n % define the time domain sequence 'f' disp('f = time domain sequnce') f = n^4; disp(f) % compute z transform of 'f' disp('y = z transform of (f)') y=ztrans(f); disp(y) % compute inverse z transform of z domain sequence 'y' disp('a = inverse z transform of z domain sequence (y)') a=iztrans(y); disp(a) OUTPUT:

f = time domain sequnce n^4

y = z transform of (f) z*(z^3+11*z^2+11*z+1)/(z-1)^5

a = inverse z transform of z domain sequence (y) n^4

Lab Signal & Systems Using MATLAB

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