Equations Soil Mechanics

Vp Vp Vw Ww emax
e
w
Particles: n= ; e= ; S= ; w= ; RD = ; w = Se ;
Vg Vk Vp Wk e max
emin
k
Stress:
xx =
xx
 + p;
xy =
xy
 ;
0 =
1
3 (
xx +
yy +
zz )
3
Qx
h p 
w 2 n 
 w
Plow: qx =
k ix ; qx = ; ix = ; h= z+ ; k= ;  = cd ; ikr = n
Ax
x
w μ (1
n)2 w
 k At
Falling Head Test: h = h0 exp
; (of k = cv w mv voor:
  );
 a L


 n
Flow net: = ( = kh) ; Q = flow k
h B

s
n npotential
Q r
Well and source (confined aquifer): h0
h =
ln( ) ;
2kD R
Q r
Well and source (unconfined aquifer): h02
h 2 =
ln( ) ;
k R
Continuum:
 0 = K
vol ;  xy = 2G
xy ;  xx =
1
[ (
 
  yy +  zz
E xx
 ; )]
 v
v
= E oed =
1
mv
4
=K + G=
3
E(1
 )
(1+  )(1
2 )
;
E E
K= ;G= ;
3(1
2 ) 2(1+
)
 1 1 t  
Koppejan:
= U  + log( )  ln ;
 p
C C s t1   1
 pop  t 1  1 
Bjerrum: – e= e1
e = Cr log( ) + Cc log( ) + C log( ) ;
= log( ) (
>
1 ) ;
= log( )
1  pop t1 C10 1 A10 1

e h
h0 8  1 2
2  cv t
(
<
1 ) ; ISO:
e = Cc log( ); = ; U= = 1
2  exp[
(2 j
1) ];
1 1+ e h
h0  j = 1 (2 j
1) 2
4h 2
2 cv t 8   2 cv t
U if U < 0.7; U  1
2 exp
 2 if U> 0.5

h2   4 h

Consolidation:

p
2 p k cv t p 4  h
z  2 cv t c v t99%
= cv ; cv = ; >> 0.1: = cos[ ( )]exp(
); = 1.784 ;

t
t2  w (mv + n
) h 2 p0  2 h 4 h2 h2
c v t90% c v t50% c v t1%  c
t
= 0.848 ; = 0.197 ; = 10
4 ; pi (1+ t) = pi (t) + [ pi+1 (t)
2 pi (t) + pi
1 (t)] ;  = v 2 ;
h2 h2 h2 4 (
z)
1
 1
 3   +  3 ( 1
 3 ) 1+ sin  cos
Mohr-Coulomb: ( )
( 1 )sin
c cos  = 0 ; sin = 2
;  1 =  3 + 2c ;
2 2 1
c cot  + ( 1 +  3 ) 1
sin  1
sin 
2

 1
 3 c cos +  0 sin 
Undrained strength: c u = su  = 1 ; Coulomb:  f = c +  n tan
;
2 1
3 sin
1 1 1
Skempton / Henkel: p = B[ 3 + A( 1
 3 )] ; B= ; Triaxial test: A
(neutral): A < (dilatant)
1 + n
K 3 3
1
A> (contractant);
3
3 P  zz 1
Boussinesq: Point load: r = 0:  zz = ; Rigid plate: z = 0: = ; z = 0:
2
z 2 p 2 1
(r / a)2
 2 pa  pa
uz = (1
 ) = (1
 ) ;
2 E 4 G
 zz z3 2 pa pa
Flexible plate: r = 0: = 1
3; uz = 2(1
 ) = (1
 ) ; Layer thickness
p  a2 + z 2  E G
 
1 2
h 1+ 2 (h / a)
factor: f  1+
;
2a 1+ (h / a)2
2Fz 3 2Fx 2 z 2Fxz 2
Flamant: Line load ( r = x 2 + z2 ):  zz = 4 ;  xx = 4 ;  xz = ; Next to smooth wall:

r
r
r4
2 F 2P a az 2P a az
x = 0 : Qh = Strip: x = 0:  zz = [arctan( ) + 2 ];  xx = [arctan( )
2 ];

1+ (a / h) 2
z a + z2  z a + z2
2 a
Next to smooth wall: Qh = ph arctan( ) ;

h

Horizontal stress: K e = ; K 0  1
sin ;
1

1
sin  1+ sin 1
Ka = ; Kp = ;  h
min = K a v
2c K a ;  h
max = K p  v + 2c K p ; Q = K
h 2 ; Qh = Q
1 + sin 1
sin 2
sin (
– )
Strip foundation:
1 1+ sin
Prandtl: (
= 0): pc = ( + 2)c ; Brinch Hansen: pc = cN cicsc + qN q iq sq +
BN
i
s
; N q = exp( tan ) ;
2 1
sin
N c = (N q
1)cot  ; N = 2(N q
1)tan ;
t B B B
ic = 1
; iq = ic 2 ; i
= ic3 ; sc = 1+ 0.2 ; sq = 1+ sin
; s = 1
0.3 (L
B)
c + ptan L L L
tan 
Infinite slope: (c = 0): F  ;
tan


 w tan  
( w / cos2  ) tan 
Flow parallel surface: F  n ; Horizontal flow: F  n
 n tan  n tan 
c + (h
p)tan

 [(c + ( h cos2 
p)tan ) / cos ] cos (1 + tan tan / F )
Finite slope: Fellenius: F  ; Bishop: F 
  h sin h sin