219

www.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de

220

3
5
4
3
5
4
4
4
3
4
6
7
5
6
8
7
8
4
4
2
4

3
8
5
3
7
6
5
7
5
2
8
5
6
7
8
7
9
5
6
4
4

4 3 2.3
7 9 6.5
2 2 4.3
2 2 4.3
7 9 7.0
6 6 5.5
2 2 3.0
2 2 4.7
5 6 5.8
2 2 3.7
7 10 6.8
1 2 3.0
6 6 5.0
6 6 5.3
8 9 7.5
7 9 6.8
9 9 7.3
5 6 6.3
5 5 4.8
2 2 3.7
2 2 4.7

Q5 |

Q5.1 |

3.5
8.0
2.0
2.0
8.0
6.0
2.0
2.0
5.5
2.0
8.5
1.5
6.0
6.0
8.5
8.0
9.0
5.5
5.0
2.0
2.0

2
6
4
3
6
6
3
3
6
3
4
1
4
5
8
6
6
6
5
4
5

Q5.4 |

4
5
4
2
6
4
4
5
5
4
7
5
6
6
9
7
8
4
5
3
4

Q5.3 |

5
7
4
3
5
4
4
4
5
2
8
3
6
8
8
9
9
5
5
3
4

Q4.2 |

3.8
6.3
4.3
2.8
5.8
4.5
4.3
5.0
4.5
3.0
7.3
5.0
5.8
6.8
8.3
7.5
8.5
4.5
5.0
3.0
4.0

Q4.1 |

4
8
5
5
8
4
4
4
7
3
8
4
7
8
8
8
8
6
6
5
4

Q3.1 |

Q3.2 |

Q3.3 |

Q3.4 |

Q2.3 | /

Q2.2 |

Q2.1 |

3 2 5.0 6 4 6
10 7 8.3 8 8 9
7 6 4.0 4 2 5
10 4 3.5 1 2 6
10 8 9.5 10 10 10
9 8 5.3 6 5 6
9 6 3.0 3 2 3
7 9 3.3 3 2 4
7 6 7.0 7 7 7
9 6 2.5 2 2 3
10 6 8.8 9 8 10
7 5 2.8 4 1 2
9 7 7.8 9 7 8
8 7 8.5 9 8 9
10 8 9.0 9 10 9
10 8 9.0 10 9 9
9 10 9.3 10 9 10
10 6 6.5 7 7 6
8 7 7.0 8 7 7
10 5 4.3 5 2 5
9 5 3.5 3 2 5

Q4 |

6
9
8
9
10
9
6
7
8
9
9
6
8
5
8
9
9
9
8
8
5

Q3 |

2
8
6
6
8
9
6
10
7
10
8
8
6
8
10
7
10
9
6
8
7

Q2 |

Q1.1 |

Q1.2 |

Q1.3 |

Q1.4 |

Q1 |

S |

7 119 3.21 3.57 3.3

1 33 7.07 7.50 8.5
4 84 4.72 4.27 6.8
5 105 3.82 3.97 7.3
2 26 7.34 7.85 9.0
6 41 6.41 6.00 8.8
6 87 4.51 3.80 6.8
4 57 6.01 4.63 8.3
7 68 5.53 5.95 7.0
6 89 4.47 3.93 8.5
3 43 6.34 7.90 8.3
7 110 3.71 3.75 6.5
2 64 5.75 6.40 7.5
1 40 6.51 6.70 7.0
5 19 7.94 8.45 9.0
2 20 7.90 7.95 8.5
1 15 8.44 8.70 9.5
3 72 5.39 6.25 8.5
5 83 4.78 5.80 7.3
7 88 4.48 4.13 7.8
3 90 4.46 4.13 6.5

Q2.4 |

220

`
1. -

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.
7.

SI |

2008 (Bertelsmann Transformation Index)1

Q5.2 |

1
1.1

1
6
5
5
6
5
3
5
5
4
7
3
6
5
6
7
8
5
4
4
5

/
8
/
/
9
7
/
/
6
/
9
/
5
6
9
7
8
9
6
/
/

4
6
4
5
7
4
3
6
6
4
7
5
5
5
7
7
7
5
4
3
4

Q4 |

Q4.1 |

Q4.2 |

Q5 |

Q5.1 |

Q5.2 |

3.8

3
2
7
2
3
3
2
3
1
2
1
2
2
4
2
5
1
5
6
3
2
3
2
2
1
7

3
10
9
4
3
6
10
2
10
10
10
9
8
9
7
7
10
7
6
8
6
7
4
6
10
8

8
10
8
7
6
6
10
3
9
9
10
8
9
9
9
7
8
7
6
9
6
9
6
9
10
8

8
9
10
9
9
8
10
7
9
10
10
10
9
7
10
7
10
9
9
8
10
8
9
9
10
9

2
10
8
5
2
4
9
3
10
10
10
6
6
6
6
6
10
7
6
6
6
4
2
6
10
8

2.5
9.5
2.0
6.0
5.0
3.5
10.0
3.3
9.5
1.5
10.0
8.8
8.0
4.0
7.8
1.3
9.8
3.0
8.5
9.0
6.3
3.8
5.5
7.5
10.0
9.3

3
9
2
6
6
3
10
3
10
1
10
9
8
4
7
1
9
4
9
9
7
3
6
9
10
9

1
9
2
6
3
2
10
2
10
1
10
9
7
2
9
2
10
2
9
9
6
2
5
7
10
9

4
10
2
6
6
4
10
4
10
2
10
9
9
5
7
1
10
4
9
9
6
6
7
8
10
10

2
10
2
6
5
5
10
4
8
2
10
8
8
5
8
1
10
2
7
9
6
4
4
6
10
9

1.8
9.3
2.0
5.3
2.3
3.0
9.5
2.5
8.0
2.5
9.3
6.5
4.8
4.3
6.0
2.0
9.8
3.5
6.0
7.5
5.5
2.5
3.8
6.0
9.3
7.5

1
10
1
6
3
3
10
2
9
1
10
8
5
4
6
1
10
4
5
8
6
3
4
8
10
9

2
9
2
5
2
3
10
3
7
1
9
6
3
5
6
2
10
4
5
8
6
3
3
5
9
8

2
9
3
5
2
3
8
2
7
5
8
5
4
4
6
4
9
3
7
6
5
1
3
5
8
6

2 2.0 2 2 2.7
9 10.0 10 10 8.0
2 1.0 1 1 2.0
5 6.0 6 6 5.3
2 3.0 3 3 3.3
3 2.0 2 2 3.7
10 9.5 9 10 8.8
3 2.0 2 2 3.0
9 9.0 9 9 8.3
3 1.0 1 1 2.3
10 9.5 9 10 9.0
7 7.5 7 8 7.0
7 5.0 5 5 5.0
4 2.0 2 2 4.0
6 8.0 7 9 6.3
1 1.0 1 1 2.0
10 10.0 10 10 8.8
3 2.0 2 2 4.7
7 8.0 7 9 5.0
8 8.5 8 9 7.8
5 6.0 6 6 4.8
3 2.0 2 2 4.7
5 4.5 4 5 3.0
6 7.0 7 7 5.3
10 9.0 8 10 8.5
7 8.5 9 8 7.0

2
9
1
5
2
3
8
3
8
1
9
7
4
3
7
1
9
5
4
8
4
3
2
7
9
7

3
8
2
6
4
4
9
3
8
2
9
6
6
4
6
1
8
4
4
7
5
5
3
4
8
6

3
7
3
4
4
4
8
3
8
4
8
6
6
5
6
4
8
5
4
7
5
6
4
4
8
6

117
8
85
46
120
107
12
118
14
95
1
36
64
82
34
123
3
101
38
28
71
109
99
53
5
25

3.24
8.99
4.70
6.21
3.16
3.78
8.73
3.22
8.57
4.37
9.56
6.80
5.75
4.88
6.99
2.37
9.42
3.96
6.60
7.30
5.43
3.72
4.08
6.09
9.18
7.35

2.83
9.30
3.15
5.75
3.72
3.63
9.50
2.90
8.85
3.42
9.55
7.60
6.15
4.40
7.20
2.60
9.55
4.13
6.85
8.10
5.90
3.98
4.40
6.65
9.35
8.10

5.3
9.8
8.8
6.3
5.0
6.0
9.8
3.8
9.5
9.8
10.0
8.3
8.0
7.8
8.0
6.8
9.5
7.5
6.8
7.8
7.0
7.0
5.3
7.5
10.0
8.3

221

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/
/
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/
9
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10
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6
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/
6
9
9

Q5.4 |

Q5.3 |

5.5

Q3.1 |

Q3.2 |

Q3.3 |

Q3.4 |

Q1.1 |

Q1.2 |

Q1.3 |

Q1.4 |

Q1 |

SI |

S |

3 100 4.05 4.28 4.0

Q3 |

3 /

Q2.4 |

3.7

Q2.3 | /

Q2.2 |

Q2.1 |

4.5

Q2 |

221

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1. -

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.
7.

222

Q5.4 |

7
4
3
8
5
4
8
7
7
2
9
7
6
3
10
7
7
6
7
8
6
8
6
7
7
8
6
6

Q5.3 |

3
3
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
7
3
4
4
9
6
8
5
6
4
3
7
5
6
4
5
4
5

Q5.2 |

5
3
2
9
4
4
5
4
4
1
8
6
3
3
9
6
5
6
5
5
4
8
6
6
6
6
3
4

Q5 |

Q5.1 |

7
4
5
9
4
3
7
3
6
1
10
6
5
2
10
8
5
7
4
6
3
9
9
5
7
8
3
4

Q4.2 |

8 6 5.5
4 4 3.5
6 5 3.0
10 10 7.5
4 5 4.3
4 4 3.8
8 8 6.0
5 6 4.5
8 7 5.3
1 1 1.5
10 10 8.5
9 8 5.5
8 5 4.5
2 2 3.0
10 10 9.5
9 8 6.8
9 8 6.3
8 6 6.0
5 6 5.5
10 9 5.8
6 8 4.0
10 9 8.0
8 7 6.5
8 7 6.0
8 6 6.0
9 7 6.8
5 5 4.0
7 7 4.8

Q3.1 |

Q3.2 |

Q3.3 |

Q3.4 |

Q3 |

6
2
3
9
2
2
7
2
5
2
10
5
5
1
10
9
9
9
2
8
5
10
9
7
7
9
2
8

Q2.4 |

9
5
6
10
4
3
9
4
7
2
9
7
8
2
10
9
8
6
5
9
6
10
8
8
7
9
5
8

Q2.3 | /

7.3
3.8
5.0
9.8
3.8
3.3
8.0
4.3
6.8
1.5
9.8
7.3
6.5
1.8
10.0
8.8
8.5
7.3
4.5
9.0
6.3
9.8
8.0
7.5
7.0
8.5
4.3
7.5

Q4.1 |

7
6
2
8
6
8
6
8
6
7
10
6
3
7
10
9
6
6
10
5
7
8
8
7
6
10
6
6

Q4 |

6
1
4
10
5
9
10
4
10
10
10
7
9
7
10
9
9
9
7
8
4
9
10
10
10
9
4
10

Q2.2 |

7
8
4
10
6
8
9
6
9
8
8
7
8
7
10
8
9
9
9
9
6
10
9
9
10
9
9
9

Q2.1 |

7
8
2
8
8
9
5
10
7
8
10
5
7
9
10
8
9
9
10
5
8
10
7
6
8
9
8
8

Q2 |

Q1 |

Q1.1 |

Q1.2 |

Q1.3 |

Q1.4 |

SI |

7 48 6.17 6.45 6.8

4 101 3.96 3.73 5.8
4 116 3.28 3.30 3.0
2 21 7.65 8.55 9.0
4 81 5.12 3.98 6.3
6 68 5.53 4.23 8.5
5 61 5.89 7.00 7.5
4 78 5.20 4.08 7.0
6 63 5.80 5.95 8.0
7 112 3.53 2.78 8.3
1 13 8.60 8.70 9.5
4 49 6.16 6.25 6.3
3 98 4.20 5.25 6.8
4 97 4.24 2.98 7.5
1 6 9.16 9.35 10.0
1 22 7.52 7.75 8.5
5 45 6.23 7.45 8.3
5 74 5.35 6.60 8.3
7 42 6.36 5.33 9.0
3 49 6.16 7.25 6.8
3 90 4.46 4.57 6.3
5 16 8.33 8.80 9.3
2 28 7.30 7.45 8.5
6 60 5.93 6.85 8.0
6 44 6.25 7.00 8.5
1 30 7.28 7.85 9.3
4 86 4.65 4.40 6.8
5 67 5.56 6.55 8.3

S |

222

`
1. -

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.
7.

7.0
2.0
3.5
9.5
2.0
2.0
7.0
2.0
5.0
1.0
9.0
6.0
5.5
1.0
9.5
8.0
8.5
7.0
2.0
7.5
3.0
9.5
7.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
2.0
7.0

7
2
3
9
2
2
6
2
4
1
8
6
5
1
9
8
8
7
2
7
3
9
7
7
7
7
2
6

7
2
4
10
2
2
8
2
6
1
10
6
6
1
10
8
9
7
2
8
3
10
8
7
8
9
2
8

5.8
3.7
2.0
7.0
3.7
3.7
6.5
2.7
4.8
1.7
6.8
6.3
3.0
1.7
7.8
6.8
5.8
4.5
5.7
7.3
3.3
7.5
6.8
5.8
6.0
6.8
5.0
5.3

5
4
3
5
5
4
7
3
4
1
6
6
3
2
7
6
5
3
5
8
3
7
7
5
5
6
6
4

6
/
/
8
/
/
9
/
7
/
8
8
/
/
9
8
8
7
/
8
/
7
7
7
7
8
/
6

6
4
1
6
4
4
6
3
5
3
7
6
3
2
8
6
5
4
5
8
4
7
5
4
6
6
6
5

6
3
2
9
2
3
4
2
3
1
6
5
3
1
7
7
5
4
7
5
3
9
8
7
6
7
3
6

Q4.1 |

Q4.2 |

Q5 |

Q5.1 |

Q5.2 |

Q5.3 |

Q5.4 |

2
7
5
6
4
5
8
7
5
7
4
6
7
7
10
10
7
7
7
6
9
6
10
10
10
1

1 1 1.0
9 9 7.5
6 6 4.0
8 8 5.0
7 5 6.0
8 7 5.5
1 1 1.0
4 4 4.3
5 5 3.8
8 8 6.3
10 10 5.8
8 7 5.8
8 8 6.3
7 6 6.5
10 8 8.8
10 8 8.3
4 4 4.3
4 3 3.0
2 2 3.0
9 7 6.0
9 8 7.0
7 6 4.5
3 3 6.3
10 10 9.3
10 9 9.8
2 3 1.0

1
9
5
6
8
6
1
3
4
8
7
8
7
9
9
9
4
4
2
6
8
4
4
10
10
1

1
8
3
3
5
6
1
5
3
5
7
5
6
7
9
8
4
2
4
6
6
6
5
9
10
1

1
6
4
4
5
5
1
4
4
4
3
4
6
4
8
7
4
3
3
5
7
3
10
8
9
1

1 1.0 1
7 8.5 8
4 3.0 2
7 6.0 6
6 7.0 6
5 7.0 6
1 1.0 1
5 1.0 1
4 2.0 2
8 8.5 8
6 5.5 4
6 7.0 7
6 6.5 6
6 6.0 6
9 8.5 8
9 8.5 8
5 5.5 6
3 2.0 2
3 1.0 1
7 8.0 7
7 7.5 7
5 6.0 5
6 2.0 2
10 9.0 9
10 10.0 10
1 1.0 1

1
9
4
6
8
8
1
1
2
9
7
7
7
6
9
9
5
2
1
9
8
7
2
9
10
1

1.0
6.8
4.0
6.3
5.7
5.3
1.0
2.7
4.0
7.5
4.8
5.5
4.5
5.8
7.5
7.3
4.0
2.3
2.3
5.8
6.8
5.0
5.3
7.8
9.3
1.7

1
7
4
7
7
6
1
1
4
8
2
7
4
5
5
8
5
2
1
4
7
6
8
6
8
1

1
7
4
6
5
5
1
3
4
7
5
6
4
6
9
6
4
3
3
4
7
5
4
8
10
1

/
7
/
7
/
6
/
/
/
7
7
4
5
6
8
9
4
/
/
8
8
/
/
9
10
/

1
6
4
5
5
4
1
4
4
8
5
5
5
6
8
6
3
2
3
7
5
4
4
8
9
3

18 7.98 8.60 9.0

10

8 10. 0 10 10 10 10 8.0

7.5

1.0
9.0
3.5
8.3
7.3
6.5
1.0
2.8
3.8
8.5
8.0
7.5
8.0
6.3
9.5
9.3
5.0
3.3
1.5
8.3
8.8
7.3
3.3
10.0
9.8
1.8

1
8
1
9
9
6
1
2
4
10
7
7
8
6
10
10
6
4
1
8
9
9
5
10
10
1

1
10
1
8
8
5
1
1
1
8
5
8
8
6
10
9
6
2
1
9
9
7
2
10
10
1

223

Q4 |

8
10
6
9
6
6
10
5
3
9
8
10
9
8
9
9
9
10
2
8
9
9
10
10
9
2

Q3.1 |

Q3.2 |

Q3.3 |

Q3.4 |

3
9
6
9
9
8
10
8
6
10
8
9
9
7
10
9
8
5
6
9
8
8
10
10
10
3

Q3 |

5
9
3
7
6
5
10
10
5
7
6
7
6
6
10
10
8
9
8
7
9
7
10
10
10
1

Q2.4 |

4.5
8.8
5.0
7.8
6.3
6.0
9.5
7.5
4.8
8.3
6.5
8.0
7.8
7.0
9.8
9.5
8.0
7.8
5.8
7.5
8.8
7.5
10.0
10.0
9.8
1.8

Q2.3 | /

1.70
8.10
3.90
6.65
6.43
6.05
2.70
3.63
3.65
7.80
6.10
6.75
6.60
6.30
8.80
8.55
5.35
3.67
2.72
7.10
7.75
6.05
5.37
9.20
9.70
1.43

Q2.2 |

Q1 |

1.96
7.32
4.43
6.08
5.15
5.67
2.46
5.30
4.41
7.42
5.46
6.14
6.60
6.15
8.76
8.31
5.94
3.89
4.36
6.07
7.20
5.24
7.47
9.14
9.49
1.36

Q2.1 |

SI |

124
27
93
54
79
66
122
75
94
24
70
52
38
51
11
17
59
104
96
55
31
76
23
7
2
125

Q2 |

S |

7
5
7
2
3
3
7
4
7
2
7
2
2
7
1
1
6
5
4
3
1
3
7
1
1
5

Q1.1 |

Q1.2 |

Q1.3 |

Q1.4 |

223

`
1. -

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.
7.

8.5

Q5.2 |

Q5.3 |

Q5.4 |

10

2.3

1.0

2.3

2 /

2 9 8.90 9.90 10.0 10

6 111 3.68 3.22 7.3 7
2 79 5.15 5.65 8.5 8
7 92 4.45 3.15 8.5 9
4 103 3.91 3.90 5.8 5
5 58 5.97 6.80 8.3 9
5 113 3.39 3.97 7.0 6

10
7
9
8
8
9
8

10 10 10.0
9 6 2.3
10 7 6.5
10 7 1.8
6 4 3.8
9 6 7.0
10 4 2.8

10
2
6
1
5
7
3

10 10 10 10.0 10
2 3 2 2.3 2
9 6 5 3.8 3
2 2 2 2.0 1
1 5 4 4.0 4
8 6 7 6.0 6
2 3 3 2.8 3

10
3
3
2
4
7
3

10
2
3
2
4
5
3

10 10.0 10
2 2.0 2
6 4.5 5
3 1.5 1
4 2.0 2
6 7.0 6
2 2.0 2

10
2
4
2
2
8
2

9.5
2.3
5.0
2.0
4.0
5.8
5.3

9
2
3
1
4
4
6

10
2
3
2
3
6
5

9
3
5
3
5
6
5

77 5.23 3.47 7.5

Q1 |

224

4.3

Q5 |

Q5.1 |

Q4.1 |

8
5
2
3
8
4
5
6
4
3
6
2
6
6

Q4.2 |

Q4 |

10
7
/
/
9
/
7
5
/
/
7
/
6
7

Q3.1 |

Q3.2 |

Q3.3 |

Q3.4 |

8
6
3
2
9
4
3
5
3
4
7
2
7
5

Q3 |

7
6
3
1
8
3
7
5
2
2
7
1
7
6

Q2.4 |

8 9 8.3
7 6 6.0
1 1 2.7
1 1 2.0
8 10 8.5
2 2 3.7
7 7 5.5
2 5 5.3
2 2 3.0
2 2 3.0
7 7 6.8
1 1 1.7
7 6 6.5
7 8 6.0

10.0 10
6.0 4
3.0 3
6.8 9
10.0 10
6.8 6
8.3 9
7.3 6
8.3 9
9.3 10
7.8 8
7.8 9
7.5 7
8.8 9

Q2.3 | /

8.5
6.5
1.0
1.0
9.0
2.0
7.0
3.5
2.0
2.0
7.0
1.0
6.5
7.5

8.85
6.30
2.13
2.60
9.45
3.73
6.85
5.10
3.90
3.95
7.05
2.78
6.80
7.35

Q2.2 |

9
5
1
2
10
4
7
7
3
4
6
1
7
8

8.89
6.61
3.00
3.39
9.33
3.80
5.84
6.07
3.75
5.37
7.17
3.34
6.19
6.93

Q2.1 |

7
5
1
2
9
3
5
6
2
4
6
3
6
5

10
37
121
113
4
106
62
55
108
73
32
115
47
35

Q2 |

9
8
2
1
10
3
7
7
3
4
7
3
7
7

7
7
4
4
7
6
5
7
3
4
4
6
5
6

Q1.1 |

Q1.2 |

Q1.3 |

Q1.4 |

8
7
2
1
10
3
6
3
3
2
8
2
6
7

SI |

10 10 9.3 10 10 8 9 8.3
7 7 6.8 7 6 7 7 6.3
3 3 2.5 1 1 4 4 1.5
6 5 1.8 2 1 2 2 1.5
10 10 10.0 10 10 10 10 9.8
9 5 3.0 3 2 3 4 3.3
9 6 7.3 7 9 6 7 6.3
7 9 3.8 2 2 6 5 5.8
9 6 3.5 3 2 5 4 2.8
9 8 2.0 2 2 3 1 3.5
8 8 7.0 8 7 7 6 6.8
9 6 1.3 2 1 1 1 2.3
9 6 7.0 7 6 7 8 6.5
10 7 7.8 8 7 8 8 6.8

S |

10
6
3
7
10
7
9
7
9
10
7
7
8
9

224

`
1. -

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.
7.

10
/
9
/
/
7
/

 1.2
2

5
10
6
3
7
10
6
8
7
5
8
1
5
8
10
7
10
5
4
6
5

2 4.5 5
7 8.5 9
3 7.5 7
5 6.0 5
7 6.5 7
7 9.0 9
5 7.0 7
9 9.0 9
4 6.5 7
2 4.5 5
6 7.5 9
1 4.5 1
7 7.0 7
7 8.5 9
9 8.5 8
9 10.0 10
8 9.5 9
5 8.0 9
3 4.5 4
4 7.0 7
5 7.0 9

www.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de

225

4
8
8
7
6
9
7
9
6
4
6
8
7
8
9
10
10
7
5
7
5

3.5
6.5
5.0
4.5
7.0
8.0
5.0
7.5
6.5
2.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
6.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
5.5
4.5
6.0
4.5

2
6
6
4
7
8
5
8
6
2
5
4
5
7
9
9
9
5
4
5
4

5
7
4
5
7
8
5
7
7
2
5
6
5
6
7
8
9
6
5
7
5

1.5
6.0
4.5
2.0
6.5
5.5
4.5
6.0
3.0
6.0
3.5
3.0
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.0
7.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
4.0

1
6
5
2
6
6
4
7
3
7
3
3
4
6
6
7
7
3
3
3
4

2
6
4
2
7
5
5
5
3
5
4
3
5
5
7
7
8
3
3
3
4

5.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
9.0
7.0
8.0
6.0
6.0
7.0
5.0
6.0
5.0
9.0
9.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
6.0
6.0

5
7
6
6
9
9
7
8
6
6
7
5
6
5
9
9
8
6
4
6
6

Q12.2 | / R&D

2
7
4
2
5
4
4
6
7
6
5
2
6
8
7
9
9
6
4
4
5

Q12.1 |

3
6
4
3
6
6
5
8
5
3
5
3
5
6
8
7
8
3
4
5
5

Q12 |

Q7.4 |

3.0
7.5
4.3
3.3
6.3
6.8
5.0
7.8
5.8
4.0
6.0
1.8
5.8
7.3
8.5
8.0
8.8
4.8
3.8
4.8
5.0

Q10.1 |
Q10.2 |

Q11 |

Q11.1 |

Q7.3 |

1
6
5
2
7
4
4
7
4
7
2
2
3
6
5
6
7
1
3
4
3

Q10 |

Q7.2 |

1.0
6.0
5.0
2.0
7.0
4.0
4.0
7.0
4.0
7.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
6.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
1.0
3.0
4.0
3.0

Q9.1 |

Q9.2 |

Q7.1 |

2.86
6.64
5.18
3.68
6.82
6.82
5.21
7.39
5.11
5.00
4.79
3.68
5.11
6.32
7.43
7.86
8.18
4.54
3.75
4.82
4.79

Q9 |

Q7 |

3.21
7.07
4.72
3.82
7.34
6.41
4.51
6.01
5.53
4.47
6.34
3.71
5.75
6.51
7.94
7.90
8.44
5.39
4.78
4.48
4.46

Q8.2 |

Q6.1 | -

Q8.1 | /

Q6 | -

119
33
84
105
26
41
87
57
68
89
43
110
64
40
19
20
15
72
83
88
90

Q8 |

SII |

7
1
4
5
2
6
6
4
7
6
3
7
2
1
5
2
1
3
5
7
3

S |

225

`
1. -

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.
7.

(Bertelsmann Transformation Index)

1.5
5.0
4.0
2.0
5.5
5.5
4.0
6.5
4.0
5.5
2.5
4.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
6.5
7.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
4.0

2
5
4
2
5
6
4
4
4
6
3
7
5
6
7
6
8
5
4
3
4

1
5
4
2
6
5
4
9
4
5
2
2
4
5
6
7
7
2
3
3
4

Q7.4 |

Q8 |

Q8.1 | /

Q8.2 |

Q9 |

4.3

6.5

3.5

3.64 1.0
8.68 8.0
6.25 5.0
6.68 6.0
2.61 1.0
3.93 3.0
7.96 8.0
3.54 2.0
8.29 8.0
5.32 7.0
9.57 10.0
6.00 5.0
5.36 4.0
5.36 4.0
6.79 4.0
2.14 2.0
9.29 8.0
3.79 1.0
6.36 4.0
6.50 5.0
4.96 3.0
3.46 1.0
3.75 1.0
5.54 3.0
9.00 10.0
6.61 5.0

Q10.1 |
Q10.2 |

Q11 |

Q11.1 |

Q7.3 |

Q10 |

Q7.2 |

1.0

2.5

6.0

3.0 3

1 5.0 3
8 9.8 10
5 6.3 5
6 6.8 5
1 2.8 2
3 3.0 3
8 8.8 9
2 3.8 4
8 8.5 8
7 1.8 2
10 10.0 10
5 6.0 6
4 5.5 5
4 5.5 5
4 8.5 9
2 1.0 1
8 10.0 10
1 3.0 4
4 7.0 6
5 6.5 6
3 5.3 4
1 4.3 3
1 4.8 4
3 6.8 5
10 10.0 10
5 6.8 6

6
9
6
7
2
2
8
2
8
2
10
5
5
5
6
1
10
2
7
6
4
4
4
7
10
6

6
10
8
8
3
3
10
4
10
2
10
7
7
6
10
1
10
3
9
7
8
6
7
8
10
7

5
10
6
7
4
4
8
5
8
1
10
6
5
6
9
1
10
3
6
7
5
4
4
7
10
8

5.0
10.0
7.0
8.5
3.0
7.0
8.0
5.0
9.5
4.5
9.0
7.0
6.0
7.0
9.5
2.5
10.0
6.5
8.5
8.0
6.5
4.0
6.0
7.5
8.5
7.5

7
10
6
9
3
8
8
7
10
4
10
7
7
7
9
2
10
7
8
7
6
4
7
8
9
9

3
10
8
8
3
6
8
3
9
5
8
7
5
7
10
3
10
6
9
9
7
4
5
7
8
6

3.5
10.0
5.5
7.0
3.5
3.0
8.5
5.0
8.5
2.0
10.0
6.5
6.0
6.5
9.0
2.0
10.0
4.0
7.5
7.5
6.0
5.0
4.0
6.0
10.0
7.0

3
10
6
6
3
3
9
4
9
2
10
6
6
7
8
3
10
4
7
8
5
3
4
6
10
8

4
10
5
8
4
3
8
6
8
2
10
7
6
6
10
1
10
4
8
7
7
7
4
6
10
6

2.5 3
7.5 8
4.5 5
5.5 5
1.0 1
3.0 3
7.5 8
2.5 3
8.5 8
7.5 7
9.5 10
4.5 4
5.0 5
4.0 4
4.0 4
2.5 3
8.5 8
2.5 3
4.5 5
5.5 5
3.5 4
2.5 3
3.0 3
4.0 4
9.0 9
4.0 4

2
7
4
6
1
3
7
2
9
8
9
5
5
4
4
2
9
2
4
6
3
2
3
4
9
4

6.0
9.0
10.0
8.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
4.0
7.0
8.0
10.0
8.0
7.0
7.0
8.0
2.0
10.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
7.0
5.0
5.0
8.0
7.0
10.0

6
9
10
8
5
6
8
4
7
8
10
8
7
7
8
2
10
6
7
8
7
5
5
8
7
10

2.5
6.5
5.5
5.0
2.0
2.5
7.0
2.5
8.0
6.5
8.5
5.0
4.0
3.5
4.5
3.0
8.5
3.5
6.0
5.0
3.5
2.5
2.5
3.5
8.5
6.0

2
6
7
5
2
2
6
2
8
8
8
5
4
4
5
2
9
3
6
5
3
2
2
3
8
7

226

Q12 |

Q9.1 |

Q9.2 |

Q12.2 | / R&D

3.24
8.99
4.70
6.21
3.16
3.78
8.73
3.22
8.57
4.37
9.56
6.80
5.75
4.88
6.99
2.37
9.42
3.96
6.60
7.30
5.43
3.72
4.08
6.09
9.18
7.35

Q7.1 |

117
8
85
46
120
107
12
118
14
95
1
36
64
82
34
123
3
101
38
28
71
109
99
53
5
25

Q7 |

3
2
7
2
3
3
2
3
1
2
1
2
2
4
2
5
1
5
6
3
2
3
2
2
1
7

Q6.1 | -

100 4.05 3.82

Q6 | -

SII |

S |

Q12.1 |

226

`
1. -

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.
7.

3
7
4
5
2
3
8
3
8
5
9
5
4
3
4
4
8
4
6
5
4
3
3
4
9
5

6
3
6
7
8
7
7
8
9
7
10
8
4
4
10
10
7
6
7
6
6
8
10
7
6
7
6
6

6 7.0 7
2 4.0 4
2 4.5 5
9 9.0 9
8 8.0 8
9 8.5 8
7 6.5 7
7 7.0 6
5 8.0 8
3 6.0 7
8 9.5 9
9 7.5 9
3 4.5 4
2 6.0 6
8 10.0 10
7 9.5 10
6 7.0 6
5 7.0 7
8 8.5 9
7 7.5 9
4 6.0 6
8 8.0 8
9 9.0 10
6 7.5 8
5 8.5 9
7 8.0 8
6 7.0 7
7 8.0 9

227

7
4
4
9
8
9
6
8
8
5
10
6
5
6
10
9
8
7
8
6
6
8
8
7
8
8
7
7

6.5
4.5
3.5
9.0
6.5
7.0
6.0
6.0
7.0
4.0
9.0
7.5
4.0
4.5
9.5
7.5
6.0
6.0
8.0
6.5
4.5
8.0
7.5
5.5
6.5
6.5
5.5
5.0

7
5
3
10
7
8
5
6
6
4
10
8
4
5
10
8
5
6
9
7
5
8
7
5
6
7
6
4

6
4
4
8
6
6
7
6
8
4
8
7
4
4
9
7
7
6
7
6
4
8
8
6
7
6
5
6

5.0
5.0
3.0
5.5
5.0
6.0
3.5
5.5
4.5
3.0
7.5
5.0
1.5
6.5
8.5
7.0
3.0
3.0
7.0
4.5
3.5
7.0
5.5
4.0
4.5
7.0
3.5
3.0

5
5
3
5
5
6
3
7
5
3
7
4
2
7
8
6
3
3
7
5
4
8
6
4
4
7
3
3

5
5
3
6
5
6
4
4
4
3
8
6
1
6
9
8
3
3
7
4
3
6
5
4
5
7
4
3

7.0
5.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
9.0
5.0
9.0
6.0
6.0
8.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
9.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
8.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
8.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
6.0
6.0

7
5
5
6
8
9
5
9
6
6
8
5
6
8
9
6
6
4
8
6
6
9
8
5
6
7
6
6

Q12.2 | / R&D

5
3
2
5
6
7
5
4
4
2
9
6
3
3
10
6
5
4
5
5
3
7
8
5
7
6
4
2

Q12.1 |

Q7.4 |

6
3
3
6
5
6
7
6
6
4
9
5
2
3
9
7
4
4
7
4
3
7
7
4
6
6
5
5

Q12 |

Q7.3 |

5.8
2.8
3.3
6.8
6.8
7.3
6.5
6.3
6.0
4.0
9.0
7.0
3.0
3.0
9.3
7.5
5.5
4.8
6.8
5.5
4.0
7.5
8.5
5.5
6.0
6.5
5.3
5.0

Q10.1 |
Q10.2 |

Q11 |

Q11.1 |

Q7.2 |

6
4
2
6
5
5
2
7
4
4
8
6
1
6
8
7
3
1
7
2
3
8
6
3
3
6
3
2

Q10 |

Q7.1 |

6.0
4.0
2.0
6.0
5.0
5.0
2.0
7.0
4.0
4.0
8.0
6.0
1.0
6.0
8.0
7.0
3.0
1.0
7.0
2.0
3.0
8.0
6.0
3.0
3.0
6.0
3.0
2.0

Q9.1 |

Q9.2 |

Q7 |

5.89
4.18
3.25
6.75
6.25
6.82
4.79
6.32
5.64
4.29
8.50
6.07
3.14
5.50
8.96
7.29
5.00
4.11
7.39
5.07
4.36
7.86
7.14
5.00
5.50
6.71
4.89
4.57

Q9 |

Q6.1 | -

6.17
3.96
3.28
7.65
5.12
5.53
5.89
5.20
5.80
3.53
8.60
6.16
4.20
4.24
9.16
7.52
6.23
5.35
6.36
6.16
4.46
8.33
7.30
5.93
6.25
7.28
4.65
5.56

Q8.2 |

Q6 | -

Q8.1 | /

SII |

48
101
116
21
81
68
61
78
63
112
13
49
98
97
6
22
45
74
42
49
90
16
28
60
44
30
86
67

Q8 |

S |

7
4
4
2
4
6
5
4
6
7
1
4
3
4
1
1
5
5
7
3
3
5
2
6
6
1
4
5

227

`
1. -

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.
7.

4.0
4.0
1.5
5.0
4.5
5.0
4.0
3.5
4.0
3.0
8.5
4.5
2.0
4.5
8.5
6.5
4.5
3.0
6.5
3.5
3.5
7.5
5.5
4.5
4.0
6.0
4.0
3.0

4
3
1
5
4
5
4
3
4
4
8
3
3
3
8
7
6
3
6
4
4
8
6
4
4
7
3
4

4
5
2
5
5
5
4
4
4
2
9
6
1
6
9
6
3
3
7
3
3
7
5
5
4
5
5
2

2 2.5 2
8 7.0 7
6 7.5 7
8 6.5 6
6 4.0 4
7 6.0 7
1 2.0 2
8 7.0 7
7 6.5 7
9 6.5 7
5 6.0 6
8 6.0 6
9 7.5 6
7 7.5 8
8 9.0 10
9 8.5 9
10 4.5 3
6 3.5 3
7 6.5 7
7 6.5 7
8 6.5 7
6 6.0 5
10 9.5 10
10 10.0 10
10 9.5 10
1 2.5 2

3
7
8
7
4
5
2
7
6
6
6
6
9
7
8
8
6
4
6
6
6
7
9
10
9
3

1.0 1
5.5 6
2.5 2
4.0 4
2.5 3
4.5 5
1.0 1
6.5 6
3.5 4
6.0 6
3.5 3
4.5 5
5.0 5
4.5 5
8.0 8
7.5 7
5.5 6
4.0 4
4.0 6
4.0 4
7.0 7
3.0 4
8.0 8
9.0 9
9.5 10
1.0 1

1
5
3
4
2
4
1
7
3
6
4
4
5
4
8
8
5
4
2
4
7
2
8
9
9
1

5.0 5 1.0 1
7.0 7 6.5 7
5.0 5 3.5 5
6.0 6 4.5 5
6.0 6 2.0 3
8.0 8 3.5 3
3.0 3 2.5 1
9.0 9 5.0 5
7.0 7 3.0 3
9.0 9 5.0 5
5.0 5 4.0 5
7.0 7 5.0 5
8.0 8 4.5 5
7.0 7 4.5 5
9.0 9 8.0 8
9.0 9 7.5 8
9.0 9 5.0 4
5.0 5 3.5 3
8.0 8 4.0 3
6.0 6 3.5 4
6.0 6 6.5 7
6.0 6 3.5 4
10.0 10 9.5 9
9.0 9 7.5 8
8.0 8 9.0 9
1.0 1 1.0 1

1
6
2
4
1
4
4
5
3
5
3
5
4
4
8
7
6
4
5
3
6
3
10
7
9
1

6.5

8.0

8.5

228

8.5

8.0

Q12 |

3 2 2.0 2
9 9 8.0 8
8 7 6.0 6
9 6 8.0 8
6 4 6.5 7
7 7 7.0 7
1 2 1.5 2
7 7 8.0 8
5 7 7.0 7
10 7 9.0 9
6 4 6.0 7
7 6 7.5 7
9 7 9.5 10
7 6 7.0 7
10 9 8.5 9
10 8 8.5 8
8 5 9.5 9
6 5 5.5 5
8 8 8.0 9
6 5 8.0 9
7 7 8.0 8
8 5 6.0 6
10 10 10.0 10
10 8 10.0 10
10 8 10.0 10
1 2 1.0 1

Q9.1 |

Q9.2 |

1
6
7
5
6
5
1
4
4
7
5
2
8
6
10
8
6
6
4
6
6
6
10
9
9
1

Q8.2 |

2 2.0 2
4 7.8 7
3 7.3 7
3 6.5 6
1 5.0 4
2 6.0 5
4 1.5 2
7 6.3 7
4 5.3 5
6 7.8 7
4 5.3 6
4 4.8 4
4 7.8 7
5 6.5 7
9 9.5 9
7 8.5 8
6 6.3 6
2 5.3 4
5 6.5 6
2 5.3 4
6 6.5 6
1 5.5 3
10 10.0 10
9 9.0 9
10 9.0 9
1 1.5 2

Q8 |

Q12.2 | / R&D

Q10.1 |
Q10.2 |

Q11 |

Q11.1 |

Q10 |

Q9 |

Q8.1 | /

Q7.4 |

Q12.1 |

5.0

Q7.3 |

18 7.98 7.36

Q7.2 |

2.21 2.0
6.54 4.0
4.96 3.0
5.50 3.0
3.86 1.0
5.29 2.0
2.21 4.0
6.96 7.0
5.18 4.0
7.04 6.0
4.82 4.0
5.54 4.0
6.61 4.0
6.00 5.0
8.71 9.0
8.07 7.0
6.54 6.0
4.11 2.0
6.00 5.0
5.04 2.0
6.64 6.0
4.43 1.0
9.57 10.0
9.07 9.0
9.29 10.0
1.29 1.0

Q7.1 |

1.96
7.32
4.43
6.08
5.15
5.67
2.46
5.30
4.41
7.42
5.46
6.14
6.60
6.15
8.76
8.31
5.94
3.89
4.36
6.07
7.20
5.24
7.47
9.14
9.49
1.36

Q7 |

124
27
93
54
79
66
122
75
94
24
70
52
38
51
11
17
59
104
96
55
31
76
23
7
2
125

Q6.1 | -

7
5
7
2
3
3
7
4
7
2
7
2
2
7
1
1
6
5
4
3
1
3
7
1
1
5

Q6 | -

S |

SII |

228

`
1. -

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.
7.

7.0 8

Q12 |

Q12.1 |

Q12.2 | / R&D

8 9
8 8
2 6
1 4
10 10
4 4
4 6
7 9
4 5
6 7
8 8
2 2
7 7
6 8

8
8
3
2
7
4
6
8
5
5
8
1
6
7

9.0 9
7.5 8
6.5 6
6.5 7
9.5 10
6.0 6
7.0 7
8.0 8
5.5 7
8.0 8
8.5 9
4.5 5
7.5 8
7.5 8

9
7
7
6
9
6
7
8
4
8
8
4
7
7

9.0
8.0
4.0
4.0
9.5
3.5
5.5
8.0
5.0
6.5
8.0
2.5
7.0
6.0

10
8
3
4
10
3
5
8
5
7
8
3
6
6

8
8
5
4
9
4
6
8
5
6
8
2
8
6

8.0
6.0
1.5
4.0
8.5
3.0
3.5
6.0
2.5
7.5
6.0
4.0
4.0
6.0

8
6
1
4
8
3
3
6
3
7
5
4
3
6

8
6
2
4
9
3
4
6
2
8
7
4
5
6

9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
9.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
4.0
8.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
8.0

9
8
7
6
9
5
6
8
4
8
8
7
6
8

9.0
5.0
2.5
2.5
9.0
3.5
3.5
5.5
2.0
6.0
6.5
3.5
5.0
6.0

8
5
2
2
8
3
4
6
2
5
5
3
5
5

10
5
3
3
10
4
3
5
2
7
8
4
5
7

7.0

6.5

8.0

6.0

6.5

9.0

6.0 4

8.0
3.0
5.0
5.0
1.0
2.0
3.0

8
3
5
5
1
2
3

7.8
3.0
5.0
5.3
4.0
6.5
3.8

7
3
3
4
4
6
3

8
3
5
6
3
6
4

8
3
5
7
6
7
3

8
3
7
4
3
7
5

8.0
5.0
2.5
7.5
6.5
7.0
1.5

8
4
3
7
6
7
1

8
6
2
8
7
7
2

8.5
3.0
3.0
4.5
4.5
7.0
3.5

9
3
3
5
4
6
3

8
3
3
4
5
8
4

8.5
4.5
6.5
5.0
3.0
3.5
3.5

8
5
6
5
3
3
3

9
4
7
5
3
4
4

8.0
6.0
6.0
9.0
5.0
6.0
1.0

8
6
6
9
5
6
1

6.5
4.5
4.5
4.0
3.5
4.0
3.5

6
5
6
5
5
4
3

229

Q10.1 |
Q10.2 |

Q11 |

Q11.1 |

9
8
3
2
9
4
5
7
3
8
8
2
6
7

Q10 |

8.5
8.0
3.5
2.3
9.0
4.0
5.3
7.8
4.3
6.5
8.0
1.8
6.5
7.0

Q9.1 |

Q9.2 |

Q9 |

7.89
4.14
4.64
5.75
3.93
5.14
2.82

Q8.1 | /

Q8.2 |

8.90
3.68
5.15
4.45
3.91
5.97
3.39

Q8 |

9
111
79
92
103
58
113

Q7.4 |

2
6
2
7
4
5
5

Q7.3 |

77 5.23 7.00

10
6
2
4
10
2
3
6
2
5
6
4
3
5

8.93 10.0
6.93 6.0
3.86 2.0
4.18 4.0
9.21 10.0
3.86 2.0
4.82 3.0
7.04 6.0
3.61 2.0
6.79 5.0
7.29 6.0
3.89 4.0
5.57 3.0
6.50 5.0

Q7.2 |

Q7.1 |

8.89
6.61
3.00
3.39
9.33
3.80
5.84
6.07
3.75
5.37
7.17
3.34
6.19
6.93

Q7 |

10
37
121
113
4
106
62
55
108
73
32
115
47
35

Q6.1 | -

7
7
4
4
7
6
5
7
3
4
4
6
5
6

Q6 | -

S |

SII |

229

`
1. -

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.
7.

7
4
3
3
2
4
4

 1.3
3

10
7
6
9
1
7
7
1
9
5
9
10
8
5
7
5
4
9
10
9
9
9

10
2
5
9
1
1
2
2
10
1
10
10
2
2
4
2
1
10
9
6
6
10

7.5
3.6
5.5
6.0
3.6
4.4
5.5
4.4
5.3
5.3
3.3
5.3
4.4
4.1
2.4
3.0
2.0
4.5
4.9
5.6
5.8
7.1

4.50
6.37
4.25
3.35
6.92
5.90
4.28
5.43
4.40
3.28
6.77
5.43
5.25
5.25
8.38
7.83
7.97
4.92
5.07
4.10
3.68
4.78

4.3
6.3
4.0
2.7
6.7
6.0
3.7
4.7
3.3
2.3
5.7
5.3
4.7
5.3
7.7
7.0
7.7
4.0
4.3
3.3
3.3
4.3

www.bertelsmann-transformation-index.de

230

4
7
4
2
7
6
3
4
3
3
6
6
4
5
9
9
8
4
4
4
2
3

4
6
4
3
7
6
4
5
5
2
6
5
5
5
7
6
8
4
3
3
4
4

5
6
4
3
6
6
4
5
2
2
5
5
5
6
7
6
7
4
6
3
4
6

2.3
4.7
3.7
2.7
6.0
5.0
4.0
6.0
2.3
4.7
5.0
5.7
4.0
4.3
8.3
6.3
7.0
3.7
3.7
3.0
3.3
3.7

3
4
3
2
6
6
4
6
2
3
5
5
4
4
8
7
8
3
4
3
3
3

3
6
4
4
7
5
5
6
4
6
5
6
4
4
9
6
6
5
3
4
4
4

1
4
4
2
5
4
3
6
1
5
5
6
4
5
8
6
7
3
4
2
3
4

4.0
6.8
4.0
3.4
8.0
5.6
3.8
4.4
4.6
2.8
7.8
3.4
6.0
5.0
8.5
8.0
8.2
5.0
5.6
4.4
3.4
4.8

3
9
4
3
9
7
5
6
6
2
8
3
5
7
9
9
9
6
6
4
4
6

4
7
3
3
9
7
4
4
7
2
9
2
6
7
9
8
9
5
6
5
4
4

4
5
3
3
8
6
4
3
3
4
9
4
5
3
8
7
7
6
7
6
3
5

Q17.3 |

Q17 |

Q17.1 |

Q17.2 |

9
2
7
3
3
3
4
5
6
3
3
5
6
5
2
3
3
2
5
4
6
8

Q16.5 |

10
7
6
8
4
4
7
5
7
7
4
9
6
5
5
3
4
5
8
9
7
8

Q15.2 |
Q15.3 |

Q16 |

Q16.1 |

Q16.2 |

Q16.3 |

Q16.4 |

10
6
7
7
4
6
6
4
7
6
8
6
7
5
6
5
4
9
9
8
6
10

Q14.3 |

Q15 |

Q15.1 |

9.4
4.6
6.1
7.0
2.8
4.2
5.3
3.6
7.4
4.5
6.2
7.5
5.6
4.4
4.4
3.5
3.0
6.6
7.6
6.9
6.6
8.7

Q14.2 |

Q13.3 |

4.44
5.60
3.88
3.13
5.81
5.14
3.83
4.66
4.14
2.89
6.20
5.14
4.73
4.59
7.33
6.70
6.73
4.54
4.80
3.82
3.41
4.64

Q13.4 |

Q13.5 | - ()
Q13.6 | BTI -

MII |

Q14 |

Q14.1 |

Q13.2 |

89
46
97
108
36
56
99
78
93
110
28
56
74
81
3
15
13
85
70
100
105
79

Q13.1 |

7
1
4
5
2
6
6
4
7
6
3
7
2
1
5
2
1
3
5
7
3
3

Q13 |

M |

230

`
1. -

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
7.

(Bertelsmann Transformation Index)

4 5 7.3 8 7 7
7 6 7.7 7 7 9
4 6 5.3 5 6 5
5 3 4.7 3 5 6
6 8 7.0 7 6 8
4 4 7.0 7 8 6
3 3 5.7 6 6 5
5 4 6.7 5 7 8
5 2 7.3 7 7 8
2 4 3.3 4 2 4
5 / 8.7 8 9 9
4 4 7.3 9 9 4
7 7 6.3 7 6 6
5 3 6.3 7 5 7
8 / 9.0 9 9 9
9 7 10.0 10 10 10
8 8 9.0 9 8 10
5 3 7.0 7 7 7
4 5 6.7 7 6 7
4 3 5.7 4 6 7
3 3 4.7 5 5 4
5 4 6.3 7 6 6

9
3
6
5
10
10
4
9
2
8
1

10
1
3
2
9
5
2
10
2
1
1

7.5
1.5
5.6
5.3
7.4
6.5
1.4
7.9
2.3
4.9
1.4

2.0
9.0
5.3
6.0
3.3
4.0
7.3
2.0
8.3
2.7
7.0

1
10
6
6
4
4
8
1
9
3
7

3
9
5
6
3
4
7
3
8
2
7

2
8
5
6
3
4
7
2
8
3
7

2.3
8.7
5.0
5.0
2.0
3.0
7.0
1.7
7.0
4.3
6.7

3
8
6
5
2
3
7
1
7
5
7

2
9
4
4
2
3
7
2
7
4
6

2.4 2
9.0 10
4.8 7
4.8 7
4.2 6
3.0 4
9.3 10
2.4 3
8.6 9
2.2 2
9.2 10

2
9
2
5
4
2
10
2
10
1
10

2
9
8
4
4
3
9
2
9
4
9

3 3 4.0 3 5 4
8 9 9.7 10 10 9
3 4 6.7 5 8 7
4 4 7.0 7 7 7
4 3 4.3 5 4 4
3 3 6.0 6 6 6
8 / 8.7 9 9 8
2 3 3.0 4 2 3
7 8 9.0 9 9 9
2 2 4.0 3 3 6
8 9 10.0 10 10 10

2 45 5.65 4.1

3.6 6.50 6.7

4.7 5 6

6.0

2
4
2
5
1
5
6
3
2
3
2
2
1
7

6
6
6
8
2
8
7
6
6
8
9
6
1
6

6
5
5
7
3
8
7
5
6
7
8
6
2
5

5
4
3
4
2
7
6
4
6
6
7
3
2
5

7
7
7
9
4
10
8
9
7
9
9
8
1
8

2
5
4
10
1
10
1
9
6
10
10
4
1
7

4.6
5.0
4.0
6.6
1.4
5.5
4.6
3.4
4.8
6.3
6.5
4.3
1.4
3.1

3
4
6
2
10
5
7
6
5
2
5
5
9
8

3
4
8
1
9
5
8
8
5
3
4
5
8
7

3
4
5
1
8
4
7
8
6
2
4
5
8
8

3.3
4.3
6.7
4.0
8.7
4.0
7.0
5.3
4.3
1.7
3.3
3.7
7.3
6.0

3
4
5
4
9
3
8
4
4
1
3
2
7
5

4.5 5
4.5 6
6.0 7
1.8 1
8.6 10
4.6 5
6.2 7
7.8 9
5.2 6
3.0 3
5.0 6
6.0 7
8.0 9
8.0 8

5
3
9
1
10
3
7
8
6
3
6
6
10
9

4
5
6
4
8
5
7
8
4
2
5
7
6
8

4
4
4
1
8
4
5
7
5
3
4
6
8
7

/
/
4
/
7
6
5
7
5
4
4
4
7
/

103
92
25
120
2
91
23
14
59
113
86
65
18
19

3.75
4.15
6.27
2.06
7.43
4.21
6.36
6.72
5.05
2.61
4.49
4.99
6.67
6.63

5.1
5.3
4.8
7.4
2.2
8.1
5.6
6.1
6.0
7.7
8.3
5.2
1.4
5.7

2.68
9.08
5.45
5.70
3.47
4.00
8.06
2.27
8.23
3.30
8.22

4.21
4.63
7.08
2.19
8.98
4.40
7.05
7.37
5.55
2.75
4.67
5.58
8.25
7.33

3.0
4.0
6.3
1.3
9.0
4.7
7.3
7.3
5.3
2.3
4.3
5.0
8.3
7.7

231

2
9
5
6
2
3
7
2
7
4
7

4
4
6
2
9
4
7
5
4
2
3
4
7
6

3
5
9
6
8
5
6
7
5
2
4
5
8
7

8.7

Q17.3 |

8
2
5
7
8
8
1
7
3
3
1

Q17 |

Q17.1 |

Q17.2 |

9
3
9
5
7
8
2
8
4
8
2

Q16.5 |

Q13.3 |

Q15.2 |
Q15.3 |

Q16 |

Q16.1 |

Q16.2 |

Q16.3 |

Q16.4 |

Q13.2 |

9
3
5
8
10
9
4
8
2
6
1

Q14.3 |

Q15 |

Q15.1 |

Q13.1 |

8.8
2.3
5.6
5.4
8.6
7.8
2.4
8.3
2.5
5.1
1.2

113
1
67
58
106
102
15
118
9
109
20

Q14.2 |

Q13 |

2.61
7.52
4.92
5.11
3.36
3.80
6.70
2.18
6.87
2.94
6.62

3
2
7
2
3
3
2
3
1
2
1

Q13.4 |

Q13.5 | - ()
Q13.6 | BTI -

MII |

Q14 |

Q14.1 |

M |

231

`
1. -

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
7.

9 8

6.0 6 6 6
5.7 4 6 7
9.3 9 9 10
1.7 2 1 2
9.7 10 10 9
4.3 5 5 3
7.7 9 7 7
9.0 9 9 9
7.3 7 8 7
4.0 3 4 5
6.0 6 6 6
7.7 8 7 8
9.3 9 9 10
7.7 6 9 8

53
112
115
40
69
76
61
95
77
96
10
83
66
107
15
21
27
50
49
26
33
4
36
87
30
31
80
63

6 7
8
7 4
5
9 10 9
2 3
7
6 5
7
7 3
5
3 5
9
8 5
1
6 5
9
10 3
9
4 3
1
3 6
6
7 5 10
9 2
6
4 1
1
5 4
5
6 3 10
5 5 10
6 4
3
4 4 10
8 5
9
4 3
7
4 5
3
7 5
9
8 2
9
5 2
4
5 4
7
7 2
9

3
5
9
4
2
1
6
2
1
6
1
2
10
2
1
2
6
7
3
10
10
3
2
2
1
2
9
10

4.9
6.4
8.0
2.8
5.8
4.9
4.3
5.3
4.4
6.1
2.0
5.1
5.4
5.8
1.3
3.4
3.8
3.9
3.8
4.8
5.9
2.4
3.5
4.0
3.8
3.0
5.6
4.5

5.83
3.08
2.60
6.71
5.37
5.37
5.53
4.50
5.20
4.21
8.30
5.18
5.20
3.56
8.25
7.48
6.85
5.97
6.38
6.73
6.27
8.40
6.75
4.93
6.87
7.13
5.02
5.43

5.3
3.3
2.3
5.7
5.0
5.0
5.3
3.7
4.3
4.0
8.7
6.0
4.0
3.3
8.0
7.0
6.3
6.0
5.0
5.7
7.3
8.7
6.0
4.0
6.3
7.3
4.7
5.0

232

6
3
2
6
5
5
6
3
4
4
9
7
4
3
9
8
7
6
5
5
7
9
6
4
7
8
5
5

5
3
3
6
5
5
5
3
4
4
9
5
4
3
8
6
5
5
5
6
8
8
6
4
5
6
4
5

5
4
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
8
6
4
4
7
7
7
7
5
6
7
9
6
4
7
8
5
5

4.3
3.7
1.7
4.3
5.7
4.7
3.7
4.0
3.3
3.3
7.0
3.7
4.3
4.0
7.0
6.3
5.0
4.3
7.0
5.3
4.7
7.3
5.3
4.0
4.7
6.3
4.0
4.3

5
3
2
4
6
5
4
5
4
4
8
4
4
4
7
6
5
4
7
5
5
8
6
4
5
6
4
4

5
5
2
5
7
7
4
4
4
4
7
5
5
5
7
7
5
5
8
6
6
8
6
5
5
7
5
7

3
3
1
4
4
2
3
3
2
2
6
2
4
3
7
6
5
4
6
5
3
6
4
3
4
6
3
2

6.0 7
3.0 4
2.4 3
7.5 8
3.8 5
4.8 6
5.8 7
4.0 6
5.8 6
3.5 4
8.2 9
4.4 6
5.8 6
2.3 3
9.0 10
7.6 9
6.4 7
6.2 6
5.5 7
7.3 7
5.4 6
8.3 9
7.0 8
5.4 6
7.8 8
7.2 8
5.4 6
4.4 6

5
3
3
9
3
4
6
3
6
1
10
3
5
1
10
9
6
9
3
7
6
9
9
6
9
8
5
5

6
3
1
7
4
7
6
4
6
7
8
3
6
3
8
8
6
5
7
8
5
8
6
6
8
7
5
5

6
2
2
6
4
3
5
3
6
2
6
7
6
2
8
6
6
5
5
7
6
7
5
6
6
6
5
4

6
3
3
/
3
4
5
/
5
/
8
3
6
/
9
6
7
6
/
/
4
/
7
3
8
7
6
2

Q17.3 |

Q17 |

Q17.1 |

Q17.2 |

Q16.5 |

Q15.2 |
Q15.3 |

Q16 |

Q16.1 |

Q16.2 |

Q16.3 |

Q16.4 |

Q14.3 |

Q15 |

Q15.1 |

Q14.2 |

5
8
9
3
6
5
8
5
7
7
2
6
10
4
1
6
7
8
4
8
8
3
5
8
8
6
7
6

Q13.4 |

Q13.5 | - ()
Q13.6 | BTI -

MII |

Q14 |

Q14.1 |

5.6
5.9
9.0
3.6
5.3
4.3
5.9
4.4
5.4
6.9
2.2
4.7
7.9
4.8
1.5
4.2
6.0
6.5
4.0
6.8
7.6
3.7
3.8
5.8
5.3
3.7
6.3
6.4

Q13.3 |

5.27
2.80
2.54
5.76
4.81
4.69
5.03
3.94
4.67
3.91
6.86
4.57
4.96
3.15
6.70
6.52
6.23
5.50
5.52
6.25
5.94
7.23
5.81
4.48
6.15
6.13
4.60
5.00

Q13.2 |

Q13.1 |

7
4
4
2
4
6
5
4
6
7
1
4
3
4
1
1
5
5
7
3
3
5
2
6
6
1
4
5

Q13 |

M |

232

`
1. -

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
7.

7.7 7 8 8
2.3 1 1 5
4.0 4 3 5
9.3 9 9 10
7.0 6 7 8
7.0 6 7 8
7.3 7 6 9
6.3 5 6 8
7.3 8 7 7
6.0 4 6 8
9.3 9 10 9
6.7 5 8 7
6.7 8 6 6
4.7 3 6 5
9.0 9 9 9
9.0 9 9 9
9.7 10 9 10
7.3 7 8 7
8.0 5 10 9
8.7 8 9 9
7.7 7 8 8
9.3 10 9 9
8.7 8 9 9
6.3 7 6 6
8.7 9 9 8
7.7 8 7 8
6.0 6 7 5
8.0 8 8 8

2
7
4
5
4
4
4
5
5
6
3
7
7
5
7
7
4
5
4
5
7
5
5
9
9
1

1
6
4
6
6
5
1
5
5
7
5
7
5
5
6
8
4
4
3
6
6
5
5
9
8
1

1 1.7 1 3 1 1.8 2
6 6.3 7 6 6 6.4 8
5 4.0 4 4 4 5.4 5
6 5.3 6 6 4 5.8 6
6 4.3 4 6 3 6.2 7
7 4.3 5 5 3 5.4 6
3 2.7 1 3 4 1.5 2
5 5.7 6 5 6 4.8 6
5 4.3 5 5 3 4.0 5
7 4.7 4 7 3 7.4 9
5 3.0 2 4 3 5.5 8
7 5.0 5 6 4 6.2 7
6 5.0 5 6 4 6.8 8
3 4.3 5 5 3 5.4 7
5 6.0 6 5 7 6.8 9
8 6.3 7 6 6 7.8 9
4 4.7 5 6 3 4.6 6
4 5.7 7 6 4 4.0 5
5 4.3 3 6 4 2.8 4
6 5.3 5 6 5 7.4 8
5 5.3 5 5 6 6.6 8
5 3.3 3 4 3 5.4 6
5 10.0 10 10 10 5.8 8
8 8.0 9 8 7 8.6 9
8 8.3 8 9 8 8.8 10
1 1.0 1 1 1 1.2 2

2
9
5
7
6
6
1
5
3
9
5
7
8
5
8
8
3
2
2
9
8
7
2
10
10
1

3
7
6
6
7
5
2
4
4
8
4
6
6
5
5
8
7
5
3
6
6
4
8
8
8
1

1
5
5
6
6
4
1
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
7
3
3
2
7
5
4
5
8
7
1

5 10 6.86 3.8

2.5 7.97 8.0

233

6.7 6 7

8.2

1 2.7
3 7.7
6 7.0
4 8.0
5 8.3
6 8.3
/ 1.3
/ 6.7
/ 5.0
7 8.0
/ 6.7
6 7.7
7 8.3
5 8.0
7 7.0
7 8.7
4 4.3
5 5.3
/ 6.0
7 8.3
6 7.3
6 7.3
/ 8.3
8 10.0
9 8.7
1 1.0
9

9.0

Q17.3 |

1.3
6.3
4.3
5.7
5.3
5.3
2.7
5.0
5.0
6.7
4.3
7.0
6.0
4.3
6.0
7.7
4.0
4.3
4.0
5.7
6.0
5.0
5.0
8.7
8.3
1.0

1.87
6.68
5.18
6.20
6.05
5.85
2.04
5.52
4.58
6.68
4.88
6.47
6.53
5.52
6.45
7.62
4.40
4.83
4.27
6.68
6.32
5.27
7.27
8.82
8.53
1.05

Q17 |

Q17.1 |

Q17.2 |

8.3
2.9
6.5
4.6
4.9
5.3
5.8
5.1
6.8
3.8
4.9
4.1
4.0
4.3
1.8
2.1
4.9
5.6
6.6
4.3
3.1
5.0
2.9
1.4
1.3
9.6

Q16.5 |

Q15.2 |
Q15.3 |

Q16 |

Q16.1 |

Q16.2 |

Q16.3 |

Q16.4 |

4
4
9
5
10
7
6
4
10
2
9
2
2
2
1
2
1
7
5
10
2
10
1
1
1
10

Q14.3 |

Q15 |

Q15.1 |

9 8
9
5 4
5
9 8
9
6 3
8
7 3 10
7 8
9
10 3
9
8 1
1
7 7
9
5 3
5
6 6
9
6 3
7
6 5
6
4 6
7
2 3
1
5 3
4
8 4
3
8 7
9
10 4
1
5 5
9
4 4
4
7 5 10
6 2
1
3 3
1
1 1
1
7 10 10

Q14.2 |

9
6
9
6
9
9
7
4
8
5
8
7
5
6
2
4
5
9
4
7
4
10
1
1
1
10

Q13.4 |

Q13.5 | - ()
Q13.6 | BTI -

MII |

Q14 |

Q14.1 |

Q13.1 |

7.9
4.5
8.4
5.4
7.3
7.5
6.8
3.9
8.0
4.0
7.1
4.9
4.7
4.9
1.8
3.4
4.3
7.6
5.1
6.7
3.5
7.8
2.3
1.7
1.0
9.4

124
34
63
47
44
48
122
72
90
39
83
43
40
68
53
22
98
82
101
29
51
62
32
5
12
125

Q13.3 |

Q13 |

1.78
5.86
5.00
5.57
5.69
5.53
1.90
4.77
4.38
5.79
4.57
5.73
5.76
4.89
5.27
6.49
3.84
4.58
3.81
6.19
5.41
5.01
6.03
7.20
6.83
1.04

7
5
7
2
3
3
7
4
7
2
7
2
2
7
1
1
6
5
4
3
1
3
7
1
1
5

Q13.2 |

M |

233

`
1. -

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
7.

2 2 4
7 8 8
7 7 7
8 8 8
7 9 9
8 8 9
1 1 2
5 7 8
5 5 5
8 8 8
7 5 8
7 8 8
8 9 8
7 8 9
7 7 7
9 8 9
4 5 4
6 5 5
5 6 7
8 8 9
7 7 8
7 8 7
5 10 10
10 10 10
8 9 9
1 1 1
8

9 10

Q15.2 |
Q15.3 |

Q16 |

Q16.1 |

Q16.2 |

Q16.3 |

Q16.4 |

9
5
3
2
8
4
7
5
1
4
9
3
7
6

8
5
3
3
8
4
6
5
3
5
7
2
6
7

7
5
4
4
8
4
6
4
4
5
8
2
7
6

7.7
5.7
3.0
3.0
8.0
4.0
4.7
6.0
3.0
6.0
6.3
2.0
5.0
4.3

8
6
3
5
8
4
6
7
2
7
9
2
6
5

7
6
2
1
8
3
4
5
3
5
5
2
4
4

9.0 10
5.6 6
2.6 5
2.0 3
8.6 9
4.0 5
6.5 7
4.4 5
4.2 4
4.0 5
6.8 8
1.6 1
5.8 7
6.0 7

10
6
3
1
10
2
8
3
4
2
8
1
6
7

8
4
2
2
6
5
6
4
4
7
6
3
5
7

9 8 9.7 10 10 9
6 6 7.7 7 7 9
2 1 3.0 3 3 3
1 3 2.7 2 3 3
9 9 9.3 10 9 9
4 4 7.3 8 8 6
5 / 7.7 7 9 7
5 5 6.7 5 7 8
4 5 5.7 5 6 6
2 / 7.0 6 7 8
8 4 8.0 9 8 7
1 2 3.0 3 2 4
6 5 7.7 8 8 7
5 4 7.3 6 8 8

4 60 5.04 4.2

5.1 5.79 5.0

6.3 6 7

4.5

3 / 7.3

2
6
2
7
4
5
5

3
7
3
5
7
8
8

2
7
4
9
7
6
6

1
5
4
5
5
3
6

4
9
6
8
10
10
9

1
1
2
3
9
7
4

1.0
6.3
4.9
5.8
6.1
3.9
6.1

9
3
2
5
3
6
2

8
2
2
5
3
6
1

7
2
1
5
4
5
1

6.7
2.7
2.7
4.7
3.0
4.7
2.3

7
2
2
3
2
4
3

9.4 10
2.2 2
2.3 3
3.8 6
4.2 5
7.3 7
2.0 3

10
2
2
1
2
9
3

9
3
1
7
4
7
1

9 9 9.7 10 10 9
2 2 2.7 3 2 3
3 / 3.3 2 2 6
2 3 7.3 6 8 8
4 6 6.3 5 6 8
6 / 7.7 8 8 7
2 1 2.3 2 2 3

8
117
119
74
94
38
123

6.93
2.24
2.15
4.73
3.97
5.80
1.85

2.0
5.9
4.0
6.0
7.4
6.3
6.5

8.43
2.47
2.48
5.20
4.22
6.31
2.00

8.0
2.3
1.7
5.0
3.3
5.7
1.3

234

8
5
4
3
8
5
4
6
4
6
5
2
5
4

7
3
3
5
4
5
2

6
3
3
6
3
5
2

Q17.3 |

8.0
5.0
3.3
3.0
8.0
4.0
6.3
4.7
2.7
4.7
8.0
2.3
6.7
6.3

8.58
5.98
2.98
2.67
8.48
4.83
6.29
5.43
3.88
5.42
7.28
2.23
6.28
6.00

Q17 |

Q17.1 |

Q17.2 |

1.9
4.9
8.8
6.9
1.1
6.0
3.8
4.5
5.5
4.6
3.8
6.0
4.0
3.3

Q16.5 |

1
3
9
5
1
2
7
2
9
5
3
1
6
1

Q14.3 |

Q15 |

Q15.1 |

6 2
1
5 7
7
6 10 9
9 5
8
5 4
1
8 6
9
7 5 10
6 6
5
7 5
9
8 1
5
5 5
5
10 4
6
5 7
9
5 4
6

Q14.2 |

1
6
8
6
2
8
8
4
8
3
3
5
6
5

Q13.4 |

Q13.5 | - ()
Q13.6 | BTI -

MII |

Q14 |

Q14.1 |

Q13.1 |

2.1
5.5
8.5
6.6
2.4
6.5
6.8
4.6
7.3
4.4
4.1
5.3
6.2
4.0

6
52
111
116
7
88
35
71
104
73
24
121
42
55

Q13.3 |

Q13 |

7.09
5.38
2.88
2.47
7.04
4.46
5.84
4.78
3.65
4.75
6.33
2.00
5.75
5.21

7
7
4
4
7
6
5
7
3
4
4
6
5
6

Q13.2 |

M |

234

`
1. -

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
7.

7 8

 2
4

87
43
60
92
85
35
72
80
63
41
68
88
83
70
59
89
93

90
22
41
80
70
83
80
68
0
43
80
0
85
50
0
95
93

87
55
58
86
84
42
67
66
37
47
68
63
78
69
49
81
87

59

58

52

43

40

68

78
13
29
60
70
32
52
62
29
23
72
49
74
65
57
76
74

86
17
31
31
62
46
51
62
29
31
53
35
44
71
52
54
51

85
52
58
81
63
54
75
54
40
60
29
69
77
65
69
88
85

82
36
48
76
62
69
70
44
71
69
50
62
64
56
49
53
75

85
30
36
63
76
47
53
58
47
45
51
57
72
41
53
60
66

56
48
13
71
13
75
73
38
63
75
54
33
15
0
46
10
67

89 100 90
44 24 48
75 70 49
82 89 87
69 90 85
78 78 74
70 84 78
55 27 70
94 82 67
78 78 71
48 47 64
76 83 85
78 92 88
88 96 80
50 47 61
74 67 89
81 88 82

83
31
44
64
67
45
61
60
37
39
53
48
68
70
59
74
74

84
42
57
85
75
47
67
60
51
43
60
41
79
79
59
80
85

http://report.globalintegrity.org/globalIndex.cfm

235

66 69

V-4
35
73
67
75
58

V-5
57
71
57
79
81

VI
57
80
68
82
87

81 75

63

63

96 96 88
0 62 71
0 55 79
85 94 79
77 85 100
80 84 71
87 84 71
65 80 71
74 46 71
63 78 75
86 61 94
85 92 92
81 99 92
87 60 100
67 75 52
95 100 88
47 100 96

85
48
83
88
73
58
70
78
73
70
53
77
87
80
48
80
75

87
60
28
88
92
75
79
54
69
69
25
79
81
75
63
83
90

61

81 64 59 66

96 95 69
86 75 5
79 71 25
90 92 77
97 100 55
63 62 2
81 79 43
86 69 41
67 14 30
67 65 10
82 65 55
91 82 18
97 94 44
88 81 39
62 82 2
97 93 54
97 91 74

V V-1 V-2 V-3

53 46 60 67
76 92 88 58
72 87 70 79
75 61 78 83
60 0 60 100

IV IV-1 IV-2
25 16 0
58 76 52
57 40 54
79 53 81
69 42 88

III-4
15
42
65
63
50

III-3
13
63
36
51
34

IV-4
66
33
52
96
77

III-2
8
57
37
56
51

(
)

95
58
82
89
85
65
61
77
67
61
60
93
98
65
70
85
79

IV-3
18
72
83
86
68

91
41
61
87
80
61
71
75
43
49
69
60
89
62
43
90
88

79
30
39
68
66
41
53
43
38
31
41
55
67
55
32
73
76

16
28
31
22
21
33
37
32
30
51
37
22
18
28
43
9
14

95
58
70
90
87
74
90
75
67
82
78
77
85
83
75
82
91

III-1
4
71
50
45
63

87
46
55
80
77
59
71
60
54
56
59
67
77
69
53
79
83

III
10
58
47
53
50

55 75 56 78 88

II-3
34
34
42
20
38

62

II-2
34
78
70
86
72

46

(P)

63 87 41

26
51
36
52
48

II-1
80
90
70
83
73

I-1
61
93
72
57
65

56
90
87
84
81

II
49
67
61
63
61

I
53
78
63
54
71

41
70
61
68
66

I-3
38
80
58
32
83

(L - P)
,

-

I-2
61
61
59
72
67

30
39
51
31
33

(L)

235

2008 (Global Integrity Index 2008)

VI-1
78
100
100
100
100

VI-2
37
94
64
77
81

VI-3
59
63
63
79
92

VI-4
52
63
46
71
73

68 100 52

69

50

88
63
69
77
83
65
76
47
71
59
51
82
72
74
57
86
92

93
64
58
81
78
68
60
43
82
45
61
80
71
89
41
88
92

79
52
56
58
75
54
73
13
60
42
52
58
67
58
40
71
94

100
89
100
100
100
78
100
67
89
89
89
100
89
67
89
100
89

81
45
63
70
78
59
71
68
54
61
0
88
61
81
57
85
93

54

67

77

51

77

93

84
75
59
36
69
68
36
91

93
73
91
47
79
76
47
98

51
70
44
30
58
56
10
83

47
57
50
45
59
60
4
87

49
70
35
22
56
54
8
91

44
78
48
17
51
49
13
86

65
73
44
35
65
61
15
90

68
77
25
44
62
59
22
86

49
74
29
28
52
53
16
85

50
73
8
21
49
45
0
92

88 84
79 81
45 19
57 70
75 76
71 69
5 19
95 100

15

13 15 28 14 11

20 23 15 18

20

17

17

16

16

29

19

88
75
3
27
68
57
0
95

74
65
66
46
65
65
24
93

96 99
79 72
93 91
62 65
84 79
83 75
60 13
98 100

27
43
14
11
38
37
0
87

236

87 90
73
72
64
52
73
72
22
90

22 14

88

92 100 85

85

44 88
75 80
82 59
53 47
78 80
69 77
0 42
97 100
26

VI
88
82
66
82
80
71
56
60
68
73
81
78
71
91
84
74
72
40

82

V-5
97
69
69
79
71
73
29
54
25
75
72
63
58
92
79
69
75
19

70 77

V-4
83
80
43
60
67
63
12
55
72
8
52
80
83
63
65
85
60
0

88 92 70 67 94 100 8

V V-1 V-2 V-3

84 72 73 96
74 40 91 92
69 91 69 75
82 92 94 85
83 93 91 92
74 82 78 73
55 78 80 75
69 74 84 79
68 78 81 83
54 43 68 75
69 78 56 85
78 82 81 83
76 87 93 58
90 97 100 100
80 84 81 90
80 87 91 71
67 65 42 92
22 0 44 46

IV IV-1 IV-2
81 60 92
77 51 81
72 70 67
48 60 17
63 63 38
64 58 50
37 36 8
45 46 0
56 49 48
39 47 8
59 43 42
68 62 75
82 74 79
86 63 85
75 84 67
58 60 2
41 40 33
22 23 10

IV-4
89
87
68
60
65
79
42
63
54
40
69
75
86
100
77
84
24
48

III-4
65
71
63
65
75
58
40
17
73
69
71
81
69
90
71
75
58
46

(
)

IV-3
85
91
84
55
86
67
63
69
74
62
83
62
88
95
74
88
66
5

III-3
42
32
69
63
79
54
67
36
53
40
67
69
58
61
73
40
36
34

III-1
68
54
55
66
87
60
48
8
55
58
57
59
70
84
80
66
62
41

III
56
53
67
62
75
57
54
26
57
54
62
69
70
81
76
59
47
35

11

II-3
60
17
22
70
61
42
52
51
15
0
33
42
25
87
63
75
17
0

III-2
50
57
80
53
61
56
61
45
49
51
53
68
81
91
82
54
32
21

71
77
83
35
72
72
35
93

II-2
86
81
71
81
86
78
60
21
79
65
79
80
74
93
86
74
77
13

12 11 16

II-1
81
89
64
93
79
86
92
72
77
85
75
66
79
98
94
81
98
60

19
51
29
43
31
31
9
51

II
75
63
52
82
75
69
68
48
57
50
62
63
59
93
81
77
64
24

59
49
39
23
49
50
14
82

78
100
68
66
82
81
54
100

I-3
52
37
63
85
75
73
73
3
70
68
0
73
58
80
75
48
65
50

69
72
53
46
67
65
35
88

I-2
76
84
44
90
80
57
68
56
79
80
77
72
72
90
88
70
87
68

83

16

69
56
42
63
65
48
36
35
48
39
48
52
54
82
64
52
45
14

79 86 70

80
79
87
85
86
88
77
58
81
76
79
94
91
92
97
89
75
54

I-1
80
75
73
93
81
85
57
60
88
78
77
91
73
91
88
81
84
79

76
69
64
74
76
68
56
48
64
58
64
72
71
88
80
69
62
35

(L - P)
,

-

I
69
65
60
89
79
72
66
39
79
75
51
79
68
87
84
66
79
66

(P)

11
23
45
22
21
40
42
22
33
38
31
42
38
9
34
36
30
41

(L)

236

VI-1
89
100
78
100
100
100
89
100
67
100
100
100
100
100
100
89
100
100

VI-2
88
88
76
83
76
67
39
46
77
53
72
69
73
85
84
72
64
0

VI-3
88
68
71
80
72
61
56
50
65
69
81
74
51
92
84
69
85
42

VI-4
85
71
38
65
73
56
40
44
63
69
73
69
60
88
69
67
40
17

84 100 78

83

75

79
67
83
50
79
80
46
100

80
70
58
48
70
65
0
88

73
67
38
63
71
67
19
97

67
73
58
66
72
72
40
92

100
100
56
100
100
93
56
100

26
70
37
56
70
65
0
94

80
75
80
54
71
71
41
93

60
46
60
54
60
59
13
94

16 14

20

19

12

11

21

15

16

 3
5

2008 (The 2008 Legatum Prosperity Index)

1
-2
-4
-8
6
18
-15
28
-20
-4
-2
-10
-3
-20
-4
-2
-3

21
22
6
25
8
13
13
3
8
12
3
6
12
16
11
-1
7

-1
6
4
4
47
-1
6
46
4
-1
10
5
-4
3
-1
20
3

12
11
15
17
25
19
13
21
12
10
13
14
21
10
14
10
15

13
-20
0
2
4
-1
-3
-3
-7
13
3
-4
2
-20
-3
2
-19

1
5
4
6
-16
7
7
6
4
5
-1
4
7
-13
7
0
1

8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8

10
8
5
15
17
11
4
19
2
12
6
3
22
1
16
14
9

17
18
20
14
12
17
20
9
21
17
20
20
8
23
13
15
18

11
16
18
6
3
12
14
13
16
13
12
17
7
17
7
14
16

9
9
21
9
4
4
11
1
16
13
16
23
-19
28
0
3
12

17
16
20
15
12
12
19
11
20
18
17
18
10
18
12
14
17

11
10
19
9
11
7
11
-28
13
20
4
14
-6
15
-1
-1
8

14

12

10

17

-3

10

16

13

16

10

16

8
24
5
28
23
16

16
8
20
7
8
12

12
15
16
14
5
7

8
17
8
9
8
8

21
-3
32
-4
0
4

11
-2
6
-4
12
14

4
7
11
2
12
15

13
10
20
7
4
7

2
11
2
7
2
2

7
7
-1
7
5
5

4
8
8
8
5
5

21
7
37
18
24
31

8
20
2
10
8
4

0
15
-9
9
15
7

-5
6
-17
10
-8
-11

http://www.prosperity.com/ranking.aspx

237

17
15
17
13
19
14
15
19
19
17
16
15
11
13
10
13
16

18
19
13
14
19
18
18
17
16
8
14
10
22
19
18
20
14

19
15
12
21
27
16
12
21
10
13
11
9
21
8
13
12
11

()

6
9
12
3
1
7
15
2
20
10
17
21
4
26
11
13
18

()

19
20
21
22
=23
=23

=14

237

1
=2
=2
=4
=4
=4
7
8
=9
=9
11
12
13
=14
=14
=14
=14

0
15 17
9
18 17
10 14 17
5
19 14
-11 -28 15
-4 -3 24
13
7 19
-11 17 19
9
45 18
3
13 10
7
27 17
10 12 17
-7
0 14
13 31 23
3
20 15
6
28 16
9
5 16

10
14
10
9
13
6
14
-3
9
10
11
11
3
9
12
9
11

6
4
3
0
7
6
8
6
7
0
8
6
7
8
2
3
5

7
10
15
9
7
14
12
-11
14
7
11
12
7
12
11
8
13

19
16
13
8
3
22
20
6
21
25
27
22
1
21
4
8
18

8
8
7
3
-15
10
10
7
7
10
10
10
0
7
-3
7
10

-8
-3
-8
-15
4
6
-6

10

16

16

16

11

10

-7

7 -11 -9
14 18 12
6 -19 -2
9 -6 -4
9
6
-5
6 -2 -6

-6
3
-3
23
2
-3

14
22
4
11
8
7

7
12
-2
12
6
3

2
7
0
0
0
0

3
15
7
9
3
-12

6
17
2
-5
4
-1

3
10
10
5
5
10

2
2
-9
-8
-12
-18

-17
-8
-12
-17
-12
-13
-15
-10
1

5
7
11

-4
-2
9

-4
-1
4

-1
-4
5

6
21
0

2
2
9

7
5
-3

8
8
7

23
35
33

8
2
3

0
-4
-3

-9
-19
3

5
5
11

-9
-9
-7

39

-15

-2

-23

20

12

12 -12

32
35
22
36
46
43
38
47
30
58
37

6
3
9
3
1
1
2
0
6
-3
3

-1
2
-3
-3
7
8
-3
-6
9
-5
-1

7
2
8
-7
8
5
1
2
11
1
3

8
-21
0
32
-6
-1
12
19
-8
1
-1

9
18
18
1
-11
-4
-8
-3
0
-6
2

8
1
20
-8
7
-1
3
-5
17
-1
12

-4
4
4
1
2
1
0
-5
2
-3
6

2
11
15
7
16
2
12
-7
20
0
0

-7
-38
3
3
6
7
2
5
-4
6
6

6
8
2
7
8
8
8
6
-2
7
3

29
27
48
34
25
32
40
36
53
26
47

5
5
0
2
6
3
2
2
-2
5
0

7
2
-16
-4
12
-7
9
4
-1
13
3

6
4
-19
9
-2
-7
-18
-5
-13
8
-21

2
-1
6
-3
10
5
-3
5
9
3
4

6
-1
-10
-6
6
-7
12
14
0
11
-5

10 -3 -2
6
8
-21 -28 10 12 0
-10 -3
3
-3
0
-3 -3
1
6
1
-2 -3
6
6
0
-7 -7
9
8
0
10 -3 -4
1 10
-4 -3 -2
5
0
-14 -3
3 -10 9
8
-3 -3 12 5
-10 -3
1
-1 -3

4
9 -12
9
-9 -17
-8 -3
5
-3
-4 -9
0
6
0 -13 10 2
-12 -8 -11 0
6
9
-1
0
-7 10
-23 -12 10 -16
8
3 10
-12 -10 10 5

41

-6

-6

10

43

-8

15

-4

-1

-3

-2

-13 -16

-4

-4

10

27
33
44
49
62
54
31
50
52
42
64
53
81
51

7
6
1
0
-4
-1
6
0
0
1
-4
0
-8
0

5
6
-5
-1
11
1
-5
0
-4
-6
-5
-8
-4
-6

6
7
-3
0
-5
4
-2
2
2
0
-1
-3
2
-3

3
-9
11
1
-2
3
11
-6
4
9
-2
19
-25
-2

6
6
-2
-1
-9
-10
14
6
-6
12
5
-3
-4
-5

14
17
-8
4
-3
-6
13
-2
-1
2
-8
-2
0
-4

2
6
5
4
-38
2
4
3

-2
4
8
7
8
2
8
3
-3
-12
6
4
7
7

60
54
44
39
30
38
65
49
52
63
42
56
28
59

-3
-2
1
2
4
2
-5
-1
-2
-4
2
-3
5
-3

-6
-9
7
0
-10
6
1
-6
-2
-1
1
7
7
3

-7
-21
-9
5
2
1
-11
-12
7
-6
6
5
2
4

5
6
-2
-2
-9
5
-2
1
-4
-5
0
-4
0
-11

0
-6
0
-2
6
17
-11
0
1
-3
4
8
-4
4

-13
-9
7
2
-2
0
-13
-10
-5
-3
10
12
7
-12

-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3

1
4
-4
-2
2
-1
-3
0
-4
-7
-5
-7
2
-5

-14
-8
4
6
8
-18
-11
0
3
8
10
0
1
11

-27
-15
1
-1
7
3
-16
-10
-4
7
10
-2
-4
-4

-11
-12
-1
-7
3
-10
-17
-9
-12
-12
1
0
9
-13

-3 -8
5 -11
7 12
0 10
-24 12
7
-6
7
5
-1
-11
-17 13
3
7 11
7
-21

0 17
7
2
4
7
2
5
-1 -4
-2
7
1 14
1
6
-1
9
-6 -11
-10 0
-12 -2
-1 24
12 9

4
7
6
-42
7

238

11
-5
-2

4
0
5

3
-2
-2

4
3
4

3
10
5

0
-9
7

-2

-8

18
12
0

6
11
8

()

29
19
25

()

238

25
26
27

28

29
30
=31
=31
33
34
35
=36
=36
=38
=38

=38

=41
=41
=43
=43
=45
=45
47
48
49
50
51
=52
=52
54

-3 -3 13
-12 -19 8
-4 -3 -1
9

4
0
1
8
5
-7
4
0
-4
-3
2
3
5
7

78

-7

-6

-6

-7

-9

-4

-3

74
59
75
63
71
48
69
65
56
67
45
57
68
73
87
77
80
83
55
70
82
66
76
85
84
60

-7
-3
-7
-4
-6
0
-6
-4
-2
-5
1
-3
-5
-7
-11
-7
-7
-9
-2
-6
-9
-4
-7
-10
-10
-4

-7
-8
-8
-3
-5
-6
-7
6
-8
-8
-1
-9
-6
-8
-3
-7
-8
-8
-1
-4
-5
-9
-7
-8
-9
-7

-13
-6
-2
0
-5
0
-6
-7
-7
-4
-8
-3
-1
-6
-13
-3
-11
-4
-7
-17
-6
-17
-7
-8
-9
-10

14
-1
-1
-3
-2
-3
-3
0
12
-5
3
3
-10
-5
-20
-8
14
-3
-2
2
-12
1
3
-3
1
0

-3
9
-1
-9
5
5
-1
-5
-2
2
9
-8
-6
-5
-6
-11
-7
-9
15
9
1
10
-10
-14
-10
9

-9
-5
-8
3
-6
17
-6
-6
-6
0
-2
-9
-6
-6
-9
-5
-3
-3
-3
-5
-4
-5
0
-6
-2
1

-5
-11
-12
-4
-12
0
-4
-6
-5
-4
0
1
-10
-2
2
-7
-12
-14
-11
-3
-7
-9
-10
-9
-11
-10

-2
9
1
1
-8
9
-3
5
-2
11
9
-12
8
-12
13
6
-12
-11
14
8
-14
4
1
-7
-10
6

3
-22
-9

-7
8
5

50
74
82

-1
-6
-8

3
0
-10

11
-10
-10

0
8
3
-11 -10 -22
-9 -23 -19

-3
-3
-3

-5
-4
-2

-3
-15
-22

6
3
4

41

-2

-5

-3

-4

-5

7
-7
1
6
2
-8
3
6
3
-10
3
6
7
5
7
-4
3
0
-16
5
-10
8
-9
-1
-14
-18

45
61
46
58
51
75
57
67
79
69
91
80
73
68
55
66
64
62
93
81
70
88
78
71
76
100

0
-4
0
-3
-1
-6
-3
-5
-7
-6
-12
-7
-6
-5
-2
-5
-5
-4
-12
-7
-6
-11
-7
-6
-6
-14

6
-1
4
-16
-3
-14
-7
-19
-3
-24
-13
-1
-1
-7
-12
-3
-4
-6
2
-4
-4
3
12
-7
-6
-11

7
1
1
-10
0
-7
7
-6
-1
-2
-15
3
-3
5
-10
0
-8
-4
1
-10
-10
-1
13
-7
-2
-15

-10
-6
-4
-2
0
0
-4
-9
-11
-3
-6
0
2
-5
-12
-6
-8
-4
-2
-16
-8
-22
-15
-7
-7
-8

6
2
2
-7
1
-15
-7
-20
-10
-16
-31
4
0
-1
-5
-3
1
-7
-10
-6
-22
11
3
1
1
-16

9
12
8
-10
9
-12
2
-4
-1
-17
-14
6
10
13
-8
-1
0
9
-38
-15
-7
-12
7
6
7
-19

-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3

-5
-7
-5
-4
-5
-3
-6
-6
-8
-5
-5
-8
-8
-8
-5
-7
-7
-7
-10
-4
-7
-10
-9
-8
-9
-9

11
0
6
-1
5
-10
-3
4
5
1
-32
-3
9
0
3
4
3
2
-11
-24
1
-5
2
-2
6
-27

1
4
-1
1
0
2
2
-2
0
-27
6
7
1
0
0
1
-1
4
8
10
-10
10
9
8
7
6

-1
8
10
6
3
-16
7
-4
-5
-5
-32
1
-5
-2
1
1
11
8
-7
-27
4
-1
11
-4
10
-19

-3
8
-3
-16
3
-14
-5
-8
-11
-4
-11
-8
-3
13
2
-4
5
-4
0
-8
4
-1
2
5
7
-12

-19
1
8
5
0
0
-32
1
3
4
5
-5
-2
-12
6
2
7
-21
-10

6
6
6

239

0
10
16

-5
1
16

-1
1
-9

()

-6
8
15

2
12
0

-1
-8
-7

-4
-3
1

-4
1
4

61
40
34

()

239

55
56
57

=58

=58
60
=61
=61
63
64
65
66
67
=68
=68
70
=71
=71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
=80
=80
82
=83
=83

-1 -7 10
-14 -9 -12
-22 -12 -6 -10
10

10

10 11
2
-6
-3
9
10
-11 -11
0
9
-14 12
-17 12
-6
2
-12 -5
-9
6
0
-11 13
-17 11
-6 13
10
7 12
-9
-11
-6
-20
-17 -11
5
10
0
1

100 -14
101 -14
103 -16

-11
-11
-10

-7
-10
-12

-1
-11
-12

-16 -14

-9

-18
-12
-11

-10 -17
-16 -3
-10 -20

-8
-6
-6

90
85
77
72
87
84
83
92
89
86
99
98
97
94
96
104

-11
-9
-7
-6
-10
-9
-8
-12
-11
-10
-13
-13
-13
-12
-13
-15

-20
10
0
-6
-11
3
4
-2
-8
-13
-8
-6
-5
-25
-24
-1

-1
6
0
6
5
4
14
-6
-4
2
1
5
3
9
-10
10

-14
1
-7
-9
-8
-5
-13
-2
-13
-20
-10
-2
-4
-14
-19
-5

-6
4
7
-6
10
6
14
-10
6
2
-7
1
8
5
0
3

-1
11
10
5
6
-3
12
10
10
11
11
7
6
0
1
8

-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3

-9
-9
-8
-8
-10
-9
-9
-10
-10
-10
-11
-10
-10
-10
-10
-11

-5
-6
0
0
-8
-2
-19
-6
-21
2
-4
-2
-5
0
-18
-20

-20

95

-13

-5

11

-13 10

11

-3

-10

-9

-24
-19
-3

102 -14
101 -14
103 -15

-15
-4
-6

-20
8
1

2
0
-6 3
-13 -9

11
4
4

-3
-3
-3

-11 -16 -20 4 -10 10

-11 -11 -42 -13 -4
8
-11 -7 -26 0
-9 -11

-15
3
-5
-4
3

-21

3
-16

240

5
1
0 -13
-1 -5
1
7
7
3
1
0
9
2
-40 -3
-20 -3
-8
5
5
-4
-11 -1
-31 2
-33 10
5 -12
6
-7
3

-3

-7
8
-5
-6
-3
-3
-7
-2
-3
-3
9
-5
-4
-4
-6
-7

-20
3
10
10
-12
10
10
10
-3
-20
-12
7
-3
-11
-6
-9

10

-8

-17

-4
-20
-26
3
-4
-14
-19
-20
-5
-16
-5
-30
-12
-16
-15
-26

-11

7
7
7
-9

104 -16

()

-12 -8 -7
4
-10 -7 -8 -6
-9 -3 -8 -16
0
-6 -14 -3
-10 -18 -10 -7
-5 -4 -10 -17
-11 -7 -8 -21
-15 -7 -9 -15
-9 -11 -9 -17
-15 -8 -9 -9
-7 -8 -9 -9
-19 -5 -9
0
-16 -7 -9 -7
-12 -11 -14 -12
-10 -7 -9
0
-17 -6 -10 -7

3
3
3
-19
3
-1
4
-1
-2
-2
-7
1
-3
3
3
-2

-8
-2
-12
-14
-11
-11
-12
-5
-12
-15
-13
-6
-9
-11
-21
-6

-10
-10
-8
-8
-10
-10
-9
-10
-10
-9
-11
-11
-11
-10
-10
-11

-6
-7
-12
-14
-11
-13
-13
-12
-13
-15
-12
-12
-12
-13
-13
-12

72
79
88
99
86
95
96
90
94
102
89
91
92
97
98
93

()

102
102
104

101

240

85
86
87
88
89
=90
=90
92
93
=94
=94
=96
=96
98
99
100

12

12

12
12

 6, 1

4
4.1

( )

1991- 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014
2000

3.1
2.3
2.9
3.6
4.9
4.5
5.1
5.2
3.0
-1.1
3.1
4.5

2.8
1.4
1.7
1.9
3.2
2.6
3.0
2.7
0.6
-3.4
1.3
2.4

3.4
1.1
1.8
2.5
3.6
3.1
2.7
2.1
0.4
-2.7
1.5
2.1

1.9
0.9
0.8
2.2
1.7
2.9
2.7
0.7
-4.2
0.3
2.1

1.2
0.2
0.3
1.4
2.7
1.9
2.0
2.3
-0.7 -5.4
1.7
1.8
2

3.5
1.8
3.2
2.5
4.1
3.4
3.9
3.8
1.2
-2.7
2.1
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.8
6.2
7.5
7.1
7.9
8.3
6.0
1.7
5.1
6.6

2.4
4.9
6.5
5.4
6.7
5.7
6.1
6.3
5.2
1.7
4.0
5.3

2.0
0.2
4.4
4.8
7.3
6.0
6.6
5.5
3.0
-5.0
1.8
4.0

6.1
5.2
7.8
8.2
6.7
8.4
8.6
5.5
-6.7
2.1
5.3

7.4
5.8
6.9
8.2
8.6
9.0
9.8 10.6 7.6
6.2
7.3
8.5

4.0
2.5
3.8
6.9
5.9
5.5
5.8
6.2
5.4
2.0
4.2
4.8

3.3
0.7
0.6
2.2
6.0
4.7
5.7
5.7
4.2
-2.5
2.9
4.0

2.2
2.1
1.4
1.5
2.7
2.2
3.4
3.1
1.0
-4.2
0.5
2.5

-0.1
4.3
4.8
7.0
7.9
6.7
7.2
7.4
5.4
-2.1
3.1
4.6

4.7
3.6
4.8
6.0
7.4
7.2
8.1
8.5
6.1
2.6
5.6
7.0
` 3.6
3.7
3.1
4.3
6.1
5.6
5.4
5.6
4.8
1.3
4.6
5.4

3.5
2.1
3.2
4.5
6.4
6.0
6.7
6.6
4.8
-0.1
3.8
5.5
`
3.3
4.6
4.1
3.9
6.1
6.6
6.5
6.4
6.4
4.2
5.0
6.0

,

/ 20032007. 3.1
1.8
0.5
6.1
7.6
7.8
7.4
7.3
5.4
0.6
2.9
4.9

3.1
1.9
1.9
1.9
3.8
3.0
3.8
3.6
1.1
-3.6
0.9
2.8
3.3
3.5
3.9
4.8
5.4
5.6
6.0
6.3
5.1
1.5
3.3
5.0


2.1
0.7
1.1
1.3
2.6
2.0
2.4
2.0
-0.1 -4.0
0.8
1.9
2.0
2.4
3.4
4.8
6.1
5.8
6.6
7.0
4.7
0.4
3.8
5.3

2.6
1.6
2.0
2.7
4.0
3.4
3.9
3.8
1.8
-2.3
2.3
3.7


(. )
28,350 31,892 33,187 37,301 41,974 45,385 49,115 55,270 60,917 57,228 60,495 74,660


33,452 43,993 45,963 48,607 52,452 56,453 61,198 66,122 69,490 69,743 72,980 93,043
(PPP)
1
2

:
, `
-, :
, , :

World Economic Outlook October 2009, Sustaining the Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International
Monetary Fund, p. 169.

241

 4.2
7,1

( )

1991- 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014
2000
3.1
2.2
2.8
3.6
4.9
4.5
5.1
5.2
3.2
-1.3
1.9
4.8
2.8
1.2
1.6
1.9
3.2
2.6
3.0
2.7
0.9
-3.8
0.0
2.6
3.3
0.8
1.6
2.5
3.6
2.9
2.8
2.0
1.1
-2.8
0.0
2.4
1.9
0.9
0.8
2.2
1.7
2.9
2.7
0.9
-4.2 -0.4
2.3
1.3
0.2
0.3
1.4
2.7
1.9
2.0
2.4
-0.6 -6.2
0.5
2.5
3.5
1.8
3.2
2.5
4.0
3.3
3.9
4.0
1.2
-3.9
0.4
3.5
3.6
3.8
4.8
6.3
7.5
7.1
8.0
8.3
6.1
1.6
4.0
6.8

2.4
4.9

2.0
0.0

6.1

7.4
5.8

4.0
2.6

3.3
0.7

2.2
2.1

-0.1
4.4

4.7
3.6
` 3.6
3.8

3.5
2.1
`
4.2
5.0

,


/ 20032007. - 3.0
1.7

3.1
1.9

3.4
3.6


2.1
0.6

2.0
2.4

2.5
1.5


(. )
28,297 31,707


33,443 43,711
(PPP)
1
2

6.5

5.5

6.7

5.8

6.1

6.2

5.2

2.0

3.9

5.4

4.4

4.9

7.3

6.0

6.6

5.4

2.9

-3.7

0.8

4.0

5.2
6.9
3.8
0.6

7.8
8.2
7.0
2.2

8.2
8.6
6.0
6.0

6.7
9.0
5.8
4.7

8.4
9.8
5.7
5.7

8.6
10.6
6.3
5.7

5.5
7.7
5.9
4.2

-5.1
4.8
2.5
-1.5

1.2
6.1
3.5
1.6

5.3
8.8
4.5
4.3

1.4

1.5

2.6

2.2

3.4

3.1

1.1

-4.0

-0.3

2.6

4.8
4.8

7.1
6.1

7.9
7.4

6.9
7.2

7.2
8.1

7.5
8.5

5.6
6.2

-1.4
2.3

2.3
4.4

4.5
7.3

3.2

4.4

6.1

5.7

5.5

5.7

4.9

2.3

4.1

5.4

3.2

4.5

6.4

6.0

6.8

6.5

4.9

0.4

2.8

5.7

4.8

4.6

6.3

6.9

6.9

6.8

6.2

3.6

4.3

6.4

0.5

6.0

7.6

7.7

7.4

7.3

6.3

0.9

2.6

5.1

1.9
4.0

1.9
5.0

3.8
5.5

2.9
5.6

3.4
6.2

3.6
6.3

1.1
5.0

-3.8
1.9

0.2
2.9

2.8
5.0

1.0
3.4

1.3
4.9

2.6
6.1

1.9
5.8

2.4
6.6

2.0
7.1

0.3
4.8

-4.4
0.3

-0.6
2.5

2.0
5.3

1.9

2.7

4.0

3.4

3.9

3.8

2.1

-2.5

1.0

3.9

32,988 37,087 41,728 45,090 48,761 54,841 60,690 54,864 55,921 70,601
45,693 48,310 52,074 56,017 60,716 65,490 68,997 68,651 70,211 89,356

:
, `
-, :
, , :

World Economic Outlook April 2009, Crisis and Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary
Fund, p. 189.

242

 4.3
:
8
( )

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014 4-
1991-2000
2008 2009 2010

()

()

()
1
2

2.8
3.4

5.0
4.2
4.4
1.2
2.5
2.9
6.1
3.4
6.5
2.0
1.1
3.9
0.2
3.7
7.6
2.6
5.8
2.9
2.5

1.4
1.1
1.9
1.2
1.8
1.8
3.6
1.9
0.8
4.2
0.5
2.0
2.7
5.7
3.4
2.8
2.5
4.0
-1.6
0.2
2.5
1.8
4.0
2.1
-2.2
1.1
1.2
0.5
2.5
2.0
-2.4
0.7
0.0
2.6
3.9

1.7
1.8
0.9
0.0
1.1
0.5
2.7
0.1
1.5
3.4
1.6
0.8
1.6
6.5
4.8
4.0
4.1
2.1
2.6
0.3
2.1
2.9
7.2
4.2
4.6
2.4
0.4
1.8
1.9
1.5
4.1
0.5
-0.7
4.9
0.1

1.9
2.5
0.8
-0.2
1.1
0.0
3.1
0.3
1.0
5.6
0.8
-0.8
1.8
4.4
4.7
2.8
1.5
1.9
-0.3
1.4
2.8
1.9
2.8
3.0
3.5
1.9
-0.2
3.0
3.6
1.0
3.8
0.4
1.5
4.1
2.4

3.2
3.6
2.2
1.2
2.3
1.5
3.3
2.2
2.8
4.9
2.5
1.5
3.7
4.6
5.2
4.3
4.5
4.2
0.4
2.7
3.0
3.1
4.6
3.8
6.2
4.1
2.5
8.5
4.5
3.9
9.3
2.3
5.0
4.5
7.7

2.6
3.1
1.7
0.7
1.9
0.7
3.6
2.0
2.2
2.9
2.5
0.9
2.8
6.2
6.5
4.3
5.2
3.9
4.1
1.9
2.2
3.0
4.0
2.8
4.2
3.3
2.6
7.1
6.3
2.7
7.3
2.4
5.1
2.8
7.5

3.0 2.7 0.6 -3.4 1.3

2.7 2.1 0.4 -2.7 1.5
2.9 2.7 0.7 -4.2 0.3
3.2 2.5 1.2 -5.3 0.3
2.4 2.3 0.3 -2.4 0.9
2.0 1.6 -1.0 -5.1 0.2
4.0 3.6 0.9 -3.8 -0.7
3.4 3.6 2.0 -4.2 0.7
3.0 2.6 1.0 -3.2 0.0
4.5 4.0 2.9 -0.8 -0.1
3.5 3.5 2.0 -3.8 0.3
1.4 1.9 0.0 -3.0 0.4
4.9 4.2 1.0 -6.4 0.9
5.4 6.0 -3.0 -7.5 -2.5
8.5 10.4 6.4 -4.7 3.7
5.9 6.8 3.5 -4.7 0.6
6.4 5.2 0.7 -4.8 -0.2
4.1 4.4 3.6 -0.5 0.8
3.8 3.7 2.1 -2.1 0.5
2.0 2.3 -0.7 -5.4 1.7
2.9 2.6 0.7 -4.4 0.9
2.9 2.5 0.4 -2.5 2.1
5.2 5.1 2.2 -1.0 3.6
2.8 4.0 2.4 0.7 2.0
4.8 5.7 0.1 -4.1 3.7
4.2 2.6 -0.2 -4.8 1.2
3.6 3.6 1.8 -2.0 0.5
7.0 6.4 2.4 -3.6 3.5
6.8 6.1 2.7 -4.3 1.3
2.3 3.1 2.1 -1.9 1.3
8.4 7.8 1.1 -3.3 4.1
3.3 1.6 -1.2 -2.4 0.9
5.3 5.2 4.0 -0.1 2.4
2.0 3.2 0.2 -2.2 2.2
4.3 5.6 1.3 -8.5 -2.0

2.4
2.1
2.1
1.8
2.3
1.9
2.1
2.6
2.4
1.9
2.4
1.3
2.8
2.6
4.2
3.3
2.9
3.3
2.9
1.8
2.9
2.1
4.5
3.0
5.0
3.9
1.5
4.3
4.0
2.1
4.6
2.3
4.4
3.3
4.0

-1.3
-1.1
-2.5
-2.9
-0.9
-3.2
-3.5
-3.2
-2.2
-1.8
-3.3
-1.4
-3.5
-4.6
-3.2
0.9
-2.6
-1.4
0.0
-1.3
-2.5
-1.5
4.3
1.4
5.5
-0.7
-1.9
-0.2
-2.6
-2.1
2.5
-0.5
0.3
-0.6
-11.9

1.7
1.9
0.9
0.8
1.4
0.8
0.5
1.2
0.5
1.0
1.0
0.7
1.0
-1.5
0.7
1.8
1.7
2.1
1.3
1.4
1.3
3.0
3.5
2.8
0.9
1.9
1.9
3.5
1.7
2.6
4.3
2.0
2.8
2.8
-5.0

2.6

1.2

1.3

1.8

2.9

2.3

2.6

2.2

0.3 -3.6 1.3

2.1 -2.3 -1.6

1.6

6.1

1.2

5.6

3.1

5.9

4.7

5.6

5.7

1.5 -2.4 3.6

4.6 -4.7

3.9

2.8

2.8
3.7
2.0
1.8
1.4
2.8
1.0
2.6
2.4
4.0

1.3
1.2
1.3
-0.5
1.7
1.6
3.8
1.0
2.9
1.2
0.6

1.8
2.4
0.4
-2.0
1.1
1.3
3.2
-0.4
3.2
3.2
4.1

2.1
2.8
1.4
0.6
1.8
0.8
3.8
0.8
2.9
4.6
1.8

3.2
4.0
1.9
-0.1
3.0
1.3
4.8
1.9
3.6
4.2
4.7

2.7
3.2
1.9
0.0
2.8
0.9
5.1
1.7
2.1
4.9
3.3

2.8
2.6
2.8
2.2
2.7
2.0
5.2
1.2
2.4
4.2
4.0

2.3
1.4
2.5
1.0
3.2
1.4
4.2
1.2
3.0
4.2
4.5

0.2
-0.7
0.7
1.7
0.7
-1.3
-0.5
-0.9
0.5
2.4
1.8

2.3
2.3
1.8
1.5
1.8
1.7
2.0
1.5
2.8
1.6
3.7

-1.8 1.5
-1.8 2.0
-3.0 0.7
-2.5 0.5
-1.4 1.3
-2.7 0.9
-6.0 -0.5
-2.0 1.3
-3.1 1.1
-1.3 2.8
1.7 2.2

2.7

1.2

1.4

2.2

3.0

2.4

2.4

1.7

-0.2 -3.4 1.1

2.0 -1.8 -2.0

1.6

5.7

0.1

4.9

0.6

4.9

2.9

4.2

4.5

1.6 -3.8 4.1

4.4 -5.0

1.6

2.1
2.0
1.6
2.9
3.1
2.3
2.3
2.5
3.0
2.0
7.1
0.2

-3.5
-3.6
-3.2
-1.8
-2.1
-4.3
-6.5
-3.4
-5.2
-2.9
-2.9

1.2
1.7
-0.3
-0.9
0.7
0.2
-1.9
1.2
0.5
2.4
3.1

-2.2
-1.9
-1.7
-1.8
-1.6
-2.9
-1.2
-0.8
-1.0
2.4
0.2
-2.0
-3.0
-8.0
2.2
-0.9
-0.9
2.7
0.5
-4.5
-1.8
-1.0
-3.4
0.7
-8.0
-5.1
-0.2
-2.7
0.5
0.5
-4.0
-3.7
2.1
-2.0
-1.5

-1.9
-2.5
-0.4
2.0
-0.7
-2.4
-3.6
-1.8
-2.9
-1.0
-3.1

3.6

, , :
:

World Economic Outlook October 2009, Sustaining the Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International
Monetary Fund, p. 170.

243

 4.4
:
9
( )
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014 4-
1991-2000
2008 2009 2010

2.8
1.2 1.6 1.9 3.2 2.6 3.0 2.7 0.9 -3.8 0.0 2.6 -1.7 -2.6

3.3
0.8 1.6 2.5 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.0 1.1 -2.8 0.0 2.4 -0.8 -2.2

1.9 0.9 0.8 2.2 1.7 2.9 2.7 0.9 -4.2 -0.4 2.3 -1.4 -3.5

2.1
1.2 0.0 -0.2 1.2 0.8 3.0 2.5 1.3 -5.6 -1.0 2.2 -1.7 -4.4

2.0
1.8 1.1 1.1 2.2 1.9 2.4 2.1 0.7 -3.0 0.4 2.3 -1.0 -2.2

1.6
1.8 0.5 0.0 1.5 0.7 2.0 1.6 -1.0 -4.4 -0.4 1.9 -2.9 -2.9

2.9
3.6 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.9 3.7 1.2 -3.0 -0.7 2.0 -0.7 -2.9

3.1
1.9 0.1 0.3 2.2 2.0 3.4 3.5 2.0 -4.8 -0.7 2.5 -0.7 -4.7

2.3
0.8 1.5 1.0 2.8 2.2 3.0 2.6 1.1 -3.8 0.3 2.4 -0.8 -3.0

2.3
4.2 3.4 5.6 4.9 2.9 4.5 4.0 2.9 -0.2 -0.6 2.5 2.4 -2.2

2.4
0.5 1.6 0.8 2.5 2.9 3.4 3.1 1.8 -3.0 0.2 2.3 0.5 -3.4

3.0
2.0 0.8 -0.8 1.5 0.9 1.4 1.9 0.0 -4.1 -0.5 1.5 -1.8 -4.1

2.0
2.7 1.6 1.8 3.7 2.8 4.9 4.2 0.9 -5.2 -1.2 3.5 -1.8 -5.6

7.1
5.8 6.4 4.5 4.7 6.4 5.7 6.0 -2.3 -8.0 -3.0 2.6 -7.4 -4.8

0.0
3.4 4.8 4.7 5.2 6.5 8.5 10.4 6.4 -2.1 1.9 4.2 2.4 -6.1

2.8 4.0 2.8 4.3 4.3 5.9 6.8 3.5 -2.7 1.4 3.5 -0.9 0.4

5.0
2.5 4.1 1.5 4.5 5.2 6.4 5.2 0.7 -4.8 -0.2 2.9 -0.9 -2.6

4.2
4.0 2.1 1.9 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.4 3.7 0.3 2.1 3.3 3.1 -0.7

4.4
-1.6 2.6 -0.3 1.3 3.7 3.2 3.6 1.6 -1.5 1.1 3.0 -1.2 -0.8

1.3
0.2 0.3 1.4 2.7 1.9 2.0 2.4 -0.6 -6.2 0.5 2.5 -4.3 -2.7

2.5
2.5 2.1 2.8 2.8 2.1 2.8 3.0 0.7 -4.1 -0.4 2.8 -2.0 -3.2

2.9
1.8 2.9 1.9 3.1 2.9 3.1 2.7 0.5 -2.5 1.2 2.5 -0.7 -1.9

6.1
4.0 7.2 2.8 4.6 4.0 5.2 5.1 2.2 -4.0 1.5 4.5 -3.4 0.0

3.4
2.1 4.3 3.0 3.8 2.8 2.8 4.0 2.1 -1.4 0.6 3.0 0.3 -1.1
()
6.5
-2.2 4.6 3.5 6.2 4.2 4.8 5.7 0.1 -7.5 0.0 5.0 -8.4 -1.6

2.1
1.1 2.4 1.9 4.1 3.3 4.2 2.6 -0.2 -4.3 0.2 4.2 -4.4 -2.5

1.1
1.2 0.4 -0.2 2.5 2.5 3.4 3.3 1.6 -3.0 -0.3 1.5 -0.1 -3.7

3.9
0.5 1.8 3.0 8.5 7.1 7.0 6.4 2.5 -4.5 0.5 5.0 -2.5 -3.3

0.2
2.5 1.9 3.6 4.5 6.3 6.8 6.0 3.2 -3.5 0.1 4.0 0.5 -2.3

3.7
2.0 1.5 1.0 3.9 2.7 2.3 3.1 2.0 -1.7 0.3 1.7 0.8 -3.0

7.6
-2.4 4.1 3.8 9.3 7.3 8.4 7.8 1.1 -10.0 -0.1 5.4 -4.0 -6.9

2.6
0.7 0.5 0.4 2.3 2.4 3.3 1.6 -1.1 -4.0 0.4 2.2 -3.8 -2.7

5.7
-0.3 -0.6 1.8 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.4 3.9 -1.7 0.3 4.1 1.9 -2.2

2.9
2.6 4.9 4.1 4.5 2.8 1.9 3.2 0.3 -2.0 0.5 3.2 -1.9 -1.1

2.5
3.9 0.1 2.4 7.7 7.4 4.5 5.5 0.3 -10.6 -0.2 3.8 -1.5 -14.5

2.5
1.0 1.2 1.8 2.9 2.3 2.6 2.2 0.6 -3.8 0.0 2.4 -1.7 -2.6
(6.1
1.2 5.6 3.1 5.9 4.7 5.6 5.7 1.5 -5.6 0.8 4.8 -4.8 -1.5
)

2.8
1.2 1.7 2.1 3.3 2.6 2.8 2.3 0.4 -3.3 0.0 2.4 -1.6 -2.4

3.6
0.9 2.2 2.8 4.1 3.0 2.6 1.4 -0.3 -3.3 0.2 2.2 -1.9 -2.3

1.3 0.4 1.4 1.9 1.9 2.8 2.4 0.9 -2.9 -0.6 1.9 -0.1 -3.2

2.0
-0.5 -2.0 0.6 -0.1 0.0 2.1 1.1 1.7 -3.0 -1.6 1.7 2.0 -4.3

1.8
1.7 1.2 1.7 3.2 2.7 2.6 3.0 1.0 -2.0 0.6 1.9 -0.1 -1.6

1.4
1.6 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.9 2.0 1.4 -1.7 -3.3 0.0 1.7 -2.4 -2.2

2.8
3.8 3.2 3.8 4.8 5.1 5.1 4.2 0.2 -6.3 -1.7 1.8 -2.8 -5.5

1.2
1.0 -0.4 0.8 1.9 1.7 1.2 1.3 -0.8 -2.9 0.5 2.4 -1.6 -1.5

2.6
3.0 3.2 2.9 3.4 1.9 2.6 3.5 0.6 -4.8 -1.0 2.7 -2.9 -3.6

2.4
1.2 3.2 4.6 4.2 4.8 4.7 4.3 2.4 -3.2 1.3 2.2 -1.0 -2.2

4.0
0.6 4.1 1.8 4.7 3.4 3.9 4.5 1.7 -3.6 0.6 3.8 -3.2 -1.1

2.6
1.1 1.3 2.1 3.1 2.3 2.4 1.7 0.0 -3.2 0.0 2.2 -1.4 -2.4
()
5.7
0.1 4.9 0.7 4.9 2.9 4.2 4.5 1.7 -5.4 0.7 4.2 -4.8 -1.4

1
, , :
2
:

1.0
1.5
0.6
0.0
1.4
0.2
0.2
0.3
1.2
1.4
2.3
2.4
0.6
-2.0
5.9
1.5
1.7
5.0
2.0
-0.6
0.6
1.7
2.4
1.1
1.0
1.8
1.2
3.2
0.9
1.7
1.9
2.4
0.3
1.1
8.4
0.9
2.0

0.8
1.6
0.6
-0.3
1.4
0.6
-0.6
-0.8
0.0
1.6
1.0
0.9
1.4

World Economic Outlook April 2009, Crisis and Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary
Fund, p. 190.

244

 4.5
: - 10
( )
10
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
1991-2000 2001-10

()

()

()

2.9
3.6
2.3
1.7
1.7
2.7
1.3
2.8
2.4
4.1

1.7
2.0
1.1
0.2
1.9
0.4
1.8
0.8
1.6
3.0
2.6

2.4
2.7
2.0
1.9
2.5
0.7
3.4
1.6
3.1
2.3
2.8

2.3
2.7
0.9
-0.8
2.3
0.2
2.8
1.1
3.5
3.6
4.0

1.9
2.8
1.2
0.1
2.1
1.0
2.9
0.4
3.0
3.0
1.5

2.7
3.5
1.6
0.1
2.3
0.7
4.2
1.6
3.1
3.3
3.6

2.7
3.4
1.8
0.3
2.5
1.1
4.2
1.3
2.2
3.7
3.5

2.6
2.9
2.0
1.3
2.6
1.2
3.8
1.5
1.5
4.1
3.7

2.4 0.4 -1.0 0.7

2.7 -0.2 -0.9 0.9
1.6 0.4 -0.9 -0.1
-0.3 0.4 0.4 -1.0
2.4 1.0 0.7 0.8
1.2 -0.9 -1.7 0.7
3.6 -0.6 -5.1 -0.6
0.7 0.6 -1.1 0.5
2.1 1.2 -3.1 -0.3
4.6 3.0 -0.1 2.2
4.4 1.2 -0.4 2.0

2.7

1.6

2.3

2.0

2.0

2.5

2.5

2.3

2.0

0.2

-0.8

0.6

5.8

2.7

3.7

5.6

0.1

2.7

3.9

4.0

4.7

0.8

-0.5

2.4

1.8
1.0
1.7
1.6
0.2
3.2
3.1
1.3
0.8
2.9

2.3
2.3
2.0
1.4
1.5
1.8
4.5
1.9
2.4
2.9
2.7

3.1
3.7
2.1
0.5
1.1
3.9
3.9
3.0
2.4
3.9
3.2

3.4
4.5
2.4
1.5
1.9
2.4
4.5
2.4
3.5
2.5
3.5

2.2
2.2
1.7
0.4
2.0
1.9
4.8
2.3
3.4
3.1
2.5

1.7
1.4
1.6
-0.7
2.2
2.2
6.3
1.9
3.0
2.0
1.7

1.3
0.6
1.5
0.4
1.2
1.9
5.5
1.6
2.0
1.4
2.3

1.6
1.0
1.9
1.0
1.3
0.5
4.6
0.4
1.6
3.0
3.0

2.0
1.4
2.2
1.7
1.5
1.0
5.5
1.9
1.2
3.3
2.7

2.5
3.0
2.0
2.0
1.1
0.6
5.4
0.8
2.8
3.7
3.0

2.6
2.5
2.4
3.4
1.1
2.0
4.3
1.6
2.9
2.7
3.4

2.4
2.9
1.9
3.9
1.1
1.3
0.4
2.8
1.4
3.3
2.0

1.5

2.1

3.0

3.3

2.1

1.5

1.0

1.0

1.6

2.3

2.4

2.7

4.4

3.3

3.8

4.0

2.7

1.9

2.7

3.8

3.5

3.4

4.6

2.4

3.6
6.0
2.2
1.7
1.3
3.3
-0.6
2.8
2.8
4.8

0.0
-0.9
0.2
-0.7
1.5
-0.5
0.8
-1.8
0.7
3.1
2.2

-0.4
-1.0
0.6
-3.7
2.3
2.7
4.8
-0.9
2.6
4.0
-3.8

-1.2 2.1 4.6

-2.7 3.1 6.2
-1.4 1.3 2.3
-6.1 -0.3 -0.3
-1.7 2.2 3.3
3.7 -1.2 2.3
3.4 5.9 5.1
-4.9 -0.5 1.4
3.6 1.1 5.7
1.6 6.2 7.8
4.0 2.8 7.2

4.3
5.3
3.3
0.9
4.4
0.8
7.0
3.1
2.4
9.3
4.3

4.0
2.5
5.5
7.8
4.4
2.9
7.2
0.5
6.5
6.9
5.7

2.5
-1.2
4.8
5.0
6.5
2.0
4.6
0.8
7.8
3.7
6.6

-2.1
-3.6
0.0
3.1
0.6
-3.0
-4.4
-5.0
-2.8
0.9
0.4

-12.4
-14.7
-10.7
-10.1
-6.1
-13.3
-16.0
-12.8
-15.3
-9.8
-7.9

-0.6
-1.2
-2.4
-2.4
-0.7
-1.3
-6.8
1.0
-2.7
1.5
3.6

3.5

-0.5

-0.3 -2.2

4.1

3.4

1.4

-2.5 -13.1 -0.9

10

1.8

4.4

World Economic Outlook October 2009, Sustaining the Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International
Monetary Fund, pp. 171-172.

245

10
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
1991-2000 2001-10
()

()

() 1

()

()

6.5

1.0

-5.7

2.4

2.5

7.8

1.8

4.0

4.9

-2.7 -9.1

5.8

2.8
3.7
2.1
1.7
1.3
2.9
1.1
2.5
2.2
4.2

1.5
1.6
1.1
0.3
1.7
0.5
2.1
0.4
1.6
2.9
2.5

1.9
2.1
1.7
0.4
2.1
1.7
3.9
1.2
2.8
2.9
1.1

1.7
1.9
0.7
-1.4
1.4
1.3
3.2
-0.2
3.5
3.0
3.8

2.0
2.8
1.3
0.1
2.1
0.7
4.0
0.5
2.8
3.7
1.8

2.9
3.6
1.7
-0.1
2.5
1.4
4.8
1.6
3.5
3.9
4.1

2.8
3.3
2.1
0.5
2.6
1.2
5.2
1.9
2.2
4.4
3.4

2.7
2.5
2.7
2.5
2.7
1.4
4.9
1.1
2.3
4.5
4.0

2.4
1.7
2.4
1.2
3.0
1.3
4.2
1.0
2.9
4.1
4.6

0.3
-0.4
0.6
1.4
0.9
-1.0
-0.6
-0.7
0.8
2.6
1.4

-2.7
-2.8
-2.4
-1.3
-0.6
-3.4
-6.3
-3.2
-3.9
-1.7
-1.4

0.9
1.1
-0.1
-0.3
0.6
0.5
-1.9
1.1
-0.3
2.3
2.4

2.6

1.3

1.9

1.3

2.0

2.7

2.6

2.3

1.8

0.0

-2.6

0.8

5.7

2.4

1.1

4.4

1.1

3.7

3.1

4.0

4.7

0.4

-1.7

2.9

0.0
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.0

-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.0
-0.1
-0.1
0.0

-0.6
-0.9
-0.4
-0.9
-0.4
0.1
-0.1
-0.2
0.1
-1.7
-0.5

0.1 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.1 -0.1

0.5 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.1 -0.3
-0.3 0.1 0.2 -0.2 0.1 0.0
-0.6 0.5 0.0 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1
-0.3 -0.3 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.2
0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 0.0
0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.3 -0.1
-0.3 0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.3
-0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
0.2 0.8 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.2
0.1 -0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 -0.2

-0.1
-0.4
0.1
0.1
-0.2
-0.3
0.1
-0.2
-0.4
-0.1
0.3

-0.9
-1.0
-0.8
-0.5
-1.5
-0.5
-0.2
-0.2
-1.2
-0.9
-1.4

0.4
0.6
-0.2
-0.6
0.1
-0.3
-0.1
0.1
0.9
0.1
1.0

0.0

-0.1

-0.7

0.1

0.1

0.3

-0.1

0.1

-0.1 -0.3 -0.8

0.3

0.0

0.0

-0.9

0.4

-0.4

1.0

-0.1

0.2

-0.3

1.1

-2.2

1.2

0.0
-0.4
0.0
0.2
0.2
-0.1
0.2
-0.1
0.6
0.5

0.1
0.1
0.1
0.5
-0.4
-0.2
-0.2
0.2
-0.1
-1.0
0.5

0.1
-0.2
0.6
1.7
0.1
0.2
-0.2
-0.8
-0.5
0.7
0.8

-0.1
-0.7
0.5
2.0
0.0
-0.8
-0.6
0.7
-1.1
-0.1
-0.2

-0.3
-0.5
-0.6
-0.8
-0.7
-0.8
-0.8
0.7
-0.1
-2.5
0.6

-0.2
-0.7
0.3
1.4
-0.7
0.2
-1.7
0.8
-0.7
-0.9
0.2

-0.1
-0.3
-0.1
0.7
-0.9
-0.3
-1.7
0.3
0.0
-1.7
0.6

0.2
-0.1
0.2
1.1
-0.4
0.0
-1.4
0.8
0.4
-1.3
0.8

0.5
0.6
0.3
1.5
-0.9
0.2
-0.9
1.1
-0.6
-1.6
0.7

0.4
1.2
0.0
-0.3
-0.4
0.3
1.4
0.2
0.4
-1.9
-0.1

0.2 0.2
1.2 -0.2
-0.8 0.6
-3.6 1.2
-0.2 0.2
-1.0 0.4
3.1 1.2
-2.4 0.7
0.8 0.3
0.1 -0.4
1.0 0.0

-0.1

0.0

0.0

-0.1 -0.4 -0.2 -0.2

0.2

0.5

0.5

-0.1

0.2

0.4

1.2

1.3

0.6

1.6

2.0

0.2

0.8

0.3

2.2

1.2

1.6

- :

246

 4.6
: - 11
( )
10
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
1991-2000 2001-10

()

()

()

2.9
3.5
2.3
1.7
1.7
2.7
1.6
2.8
2.4
4.1

1.6
2.1
1.0
-0.1
1.8
0.3
2.2
0.8
1.5
2.6
2.3

2.4
2.5
2.0
1.9
2.6
0.7
3.4
1.6
3.1
2.3
2.8

2.3
2.7
0.9
-0.8
2.3
0.2
2.8
1.1
3.5
3.6
4.0

1.9
2.8
1.2
0.1
2.0
1.0
2.9
0.4
3.0
3.0
1.5

2.8
3.6
1.6
0.1
2.4
0.7
4.2
1.6
2.9
3.3
3.6

2.5
3.0
1.8
0.2
2.5
1.1
4.2
1.3
1.9
3.7
3.5

2.7
3.0
2.0
1.0
2.5
1.2
3.9
1.5
2.1
4.3
3.7

2.5 0.6 -1.4 0.3

2.8 0.2 -0.9 1.0
1.6 0.5 -1.3 -0.5
-0.4 -0.1 -1.1 -1.8
2.4 1.3 -0.4 0.4
1.2 -0.9 -1.9 -0.1
3.5 0.1 -3.1 -0.1
0.7 0.5 -1.0 0.3
3.1 1.4 -3.8 -1.5
4.5 3.0 -2.3 0.7
4.4 1.2 -2.1 0.5

2.7

1.5

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.6

2.3

2.4

2.1

0.5

-1.2

0.3

5.8

2.3

3.7

5.6

0.1

2.7

3.9

4.0

4.7

0.8

-3.1

0.6

1.8
1.0
1.7
1.6
0.2
3.2
3.1
1.3
0.8
2.9

2.1
1.8
2.0
1.4
1.6
1.6
4.4
1.8
2.5
2.9
2.9

2.8
3.1
2.1
0.5
1.1
3.9
3.9
3.0
2.4
3.9
3.2

3.3
4.3
2.4
1.5
1.9
2.4
4.5
2.4
3.4
2.5
3.5

2.4
2.5
1.7
0.4
2.0
1.9
4.8
2.3
3.5
3.1
2.5

1.8
1.5
1.6
-0.7
2.2
2.2
6.3
1.9
3.4
2.0
1.7

1.2
0.3
1.5
0.4
1.3
1.9
5.5
1.6
1.7
1.5
2.3

1.8
1.6
1.9
0.6
1.4
0.5
4.6
0.4
1.6
3.8
2.9

2.2
1.9
2.3
2.2
1.3
1.0
4.9
2.0
1.5
3.7
2.6

2.4
2.8
2.0
2.0
1.6
0.6
5.3
0.9
3.4
3.4
2.8

2.6
2.4
2.3
3.1
1.7
1.0
4.4
2.3
2.7
2.1
4.4

0.4
-2.5
2.1
4.0
1.7
0.9
0.5
1.3
1.6
2.6
2.8

1.5

1.8

2.7

3.2

2.3

1.6

0.9

1.3

1.9

2.3

2.3

-0.2

4.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

2.7

1.9

2.7

3.8

3.5

3.4

6.7

4.1

3.6
5.7
2.2
1.7
1.3
3.3
-0.7
2.8
2.8
4.8

-0.3
-1.3
0.1
-1.3
1.4
-0.7
0.6
-1.6
0.5
3.3
1.2

-0.7
-1.7
0.6
-3.7
2.3
2.7
4.8
-0.9
2.6
4.0
-3.8

-1.5 2.1 4.5

-3.5 3.2 6.1
-1.4 1.3 2.3
-6.1 -0.3 -0.3
-1.6 2.2 3.3
3.7 -1.2 2.3
3.4 5.9 5.1
-4.9 -0.5 1.4
3.6 1.1 4.9
1.6 6.2 7.8
4.0 2.8 7.2

4.5
5.8
3.3
1.1
4.4
0.8
7.0
3.1
2.2
9.2
4.3

3.8
2.0
5.5
7.7
5.1
2.9
7.1
0.5
6.0
7.1
5.7

2.0
-2.0
4.3
4.3
5.0
2.0
5.3
1.1
6.8
3.9
6.4

-1.8
-3.5
0.7
4.4
0.5
-3.0
-3.0
-4.6
-3.1
0.8
0.3

-12.5
-14.5
-11.2
-12.6
-5.1
-14.9
-19.1
-10.7
-11.4
-8.0
-12.3

-2.6
-3.1
-3.7
-6.3
-1.4
-0.9
-7.3
0.6
-6.2
1.3
-0.9

3.4

-0.8

-0.6 -2.6

4.4

3.1

0.8

-2.3 -12.6 -2.7

11

1.9

4.3

World Economic Outlook April 2009, Crisis and Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary
Fund, p. 191-192.

247

10
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
1991-2000 2001-10
()

()

() 1

()

()

6.5

-0.7

-5.7

2.4

2.5

7.8

1.8

4.0

4.9

-2.7 -17.9 -1.1

2.8
3.5
2.1
1.7
1.3
2.9
1.2
2.5
2.2
4.1

1.3
1.5
1.0
0.0
1.7
0.4
2.2
0.4
1.6
2.8
2.0

1.7
1.8
1.7
0.4
2.2
1.7
3.9
1.2
2.9
2.9
1.0

1.7
1.8
0.7
-1.4
1.4
1.3
3.2
-0.2
3.5
3.0
4.2

2.0
2.8
1.3
0.1
2.0
0.7
4.0
0.5
2.8
3.7
2.0

2.9
3.8
1.7
-0.1
2.6
1.4
4.8
1.6
3.3
3.9
4.0

2.7
3.1
2.1
0.4
2.6
1.2
5.2
1.9
1.9
4.4
3.5

2.7
2.6
2.7
2.2
2.7
1.4
4.9
1.1
2.6
4.8
3.8

2.3
1.8
2.3
1.1
2.7
1.3
4.2
1.1
3.4
4.2
4.5

0.4
0.0
0.8
1.4
1.2
-1.0
0.1
-0.6
1.0
2.5
1.2

-2.9
-2.7
-2.8
-2.8
-0.9
-4.0
-6.2
-2.6
-3.8
-2.8
-4.0

2.6

1.2

1.7

1.3

2.0

2.8

2.5

2.4

1.9

0.2

-2.7 -0.2

5.9

1.6

1.0

5.2

1.4

3.6

3.2

3.8

4.4

0.3

-6.3

0.5

0.0
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.0

-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
-0.1
-0.1
0.0

-0.6
-0.9
-0.4
-0.9
-0.5
0.1
-0.1
-0.2
0.1
-1.7
-0.5

0.0 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.1

0.4 0.0 0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.4
-0.3 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1
-0.6 0.5 0.0 -0.4 0.0 0.1
-0.3 -0.3 0.6 0.1 -0.1 0.3
0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.3 0.5 0.0
0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.2 -0.1
-0.3 0.2 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.3
-0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2
0.2 0.8 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.1
0.1 -0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 -0.1

0.0
-0.2
0.0
0.1
-0.2
-0.2
0.0
-0.1
-0.4
-0.1
0.3

-0.4
-0.6
-0.1
-0.1
-1.1
0.7
-0.2
-0.3
-1.0
-0.4
-0.1

0.2
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0

0.0

-0.1

-0.6

0.1

0.1

0.3

-0.1

0.1

-0.1 -0.2 -0.5

0.3

0.0

0.1

-0.9

0.4

-0.4

1.0

-0.1

0.2

-0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0
-0.4
0.0
0.2
0.2
-0.1
0.1
0.0
0.6
0.5

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
-0.5
-0.2
-0.2
0.0
-0.1
-0.9
0.3

0.1
-0.2
0.6
1.7
0.1
0.2
-0.2
-0.8
-0.5
0.7
0.8

-0.1
-0.7
0.5
2.0
-0.1
-0.8
-0.6
0.7
-1.1
-0.1
-0.2

-0.3
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-0.6
-0.8
-0.8
0.7
-0.1
-2.5
0.6

-0.2
-0.7
0.3
1.4
-0.9
0.2
-1.7
0.8
-0.7
-0.9
0.2

-0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 -0.3

-0.2 0.0 0.6 1.3 0.7
-0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 -0.9
0.7 1.0 1.4 -0.3 -2.9
-0.7 -0.3 -0.9 -0.3 -0.9
-0.3 0.0 0.2 0.3 -0.7
-1.7 -1.5 -0.8 1.0 3.7
0.3 0.8 1.1 0.1 -3.6
0.1 0.1 -0.7 0.2 0.9
-1.7 -1.3 -1.5 -1.9 0.4
0.6 0.8 0.7 -0.2 -0.3

0.0
-0.2
0.1
0.5
-0.2
-0.4
1.0
0.0
0.6
-0.1
0.2

-0.1

0.0

0.0

-0.2 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1

0.1

0.4

0.6

-0.5 -0.1

0.4

1.1

1.3

0.6

1.6

2.0

-0.3

0.1

2.2

1.2

1.6

- :

248

1.1

-0.2
-0.2
-0.6
-1.5
0.4
0.0
-1.7
0.5
-1.6
1.2
0.4

0.4

 4.7
: - 12, 1
( )

1991-2000
2.4
1.6
1.3
4.5
6.4
5.3
-1.7
1.4
6.8

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014
4.9
2.7
3.1
6.2
3.5
6.6
2.1
4.5
6.1

6.5 5.4 6.7 5.7 6.1 6.3 5.2 1.7 4.0

4.7 6.9 5.2 5.1 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.1 3.7
14.5 3.3 11.2 20.6 18.6 20.3 13.2 0.2 9.3
4.4 4.0 3.0 2.9 3.8 4.6 5.0 3.8 3.0
9.0 6.3 6.0 1.6 5.1 4.4 2.9 -10.3 4.1
4.7 7.3 4.6 7.1 5.5 3.6 5.0 3.5 4.1
4.4 -1.2 4.8 0.9 5.1 3.6 4.5 3.2 3.6
4.0 4.0 3.7 2.3 3.2 3.3 2.9 1.6 2.7
5.3 4.7 4.3 6.5 10.8 7.8 5.9 3.5 4.0

5.3
4.2
6.1
6.0
2.1
6.0
5.0
5.2
6.4

1.0

0.6

-0.6

-7.1

1.0

5.5

2.8
1.1
-5.6
1.4
3.1
-1.7
31.6

11.7
3.3
-2.1
3.8
0.0
2.0
63.4
8.8
7.7
2.1
5.8
4.2
3.8
-0.6
4.7
3.0
2.8
6.0
-4.1
12.1
2.9
4.1
7.6
12.3
1.2
8.0
8.2
8.5
3.1
4.6
-2.3
18.2
2.7
6.2
1.0
6.0
-2.3
5.0
5.2
4.9
-2.7
0.2
7.0
3.6

8.5
4.1
3.5
4.6
-1.6
2.6
19.5
3.0
1.2
-0.3
-3.2
4.5
4.2
-4.2
0.3
1.6
3.8
-12.4
1.7
4.3
1.1
2.2
3.3
9.2
4.8
5.3
21.2
11.0
11.6
0.7
1.2
27.4
3.7
5.4
1.8
7.2
-0.3
1.7
8.7
3.3
-4.4
4.4
4.2
5.0

14.7
2.5
5.8
0.8
-1.7
3.2
14.0
-2.7
-3.5
2.4
6.9
5.2
1.2
-0.6
2.8
3.9
-31.3
9.8
5.7
7.2
5.6
4.1
6.3
6.5
4.3
7.1
10.3
0.3
5.4
6.7
-5.9
9.5
3.1
7.1
3.9
6.9
5.2
5.6
6.5
5.1
-10.4
4.8
5.8
3.5

33.6 7.9 0.2 0.2 -0.2 1.6 4.6 2.3

-0.2 4.2 1.2 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 4.0
6.6 7.9 5.6 6.3 6.2 2.7 5.4 6.8
3.5 7.8 6.2 -1.6 5.6 7.4 12.2 2.3
1.6 1.9 0.7 1.6 2.3 3.7 4.0 6.0
3.0 3.2 4.8 5.1 5.8 5.1 5.4 7.1
38.0 9.7 1.3 21.4 11.3 -5.4 -2.8 -1.9
1.5 2.6 -1.0 1.3 1.0 0.3 1.4 3.7
9.8 12.6 11.5 11.5 11.6 7.5 7.0 7.7
1.1 3.0 1.2 5.6 2.3 -1.0 2.6 2.8
7.0 5.1 6.5 6.3 6.1 3.6 4.3 5.0
5.6 5.9 6.4 5.7 7.3 4.5 5.0 5.1
2.3 3.0 2.5 1.8 4.9 0.0 2.7 4.2
2.2 3.5 0.6 2.7 3.3 1.9 2.5 4.0
4.6 5.9 6.4 7.1 1.7 2.5 4.0 6.5
4.6 0.7 8.1 5.1 3.5 -1.0 3.1 4.3
2.6 5.3 7.8 9.4 7.1 4.9 6.3 12.9
5.3 4.6 5.0 6.2 7.1 -0.4 0.9 5.3
5.4 3.3 6.7 8.6 9.7 5.9 4.6 3.3
1.2 6.1 5.3 4.3 5.1 4.1 4.5 5.3
5.2 5.4 11.4 1.0 2.2 2.3 4.7 5.9
4.3 3.4 3.5 4.2 6.6 2.1 2.0 4.2
4.8 3.0 7.8 2.7 5.6 5.0 3.2 5.0
7.9 8.4 8.7 7.0 6.8 4.3 5.2 6.5
12.3 2.5 7.1 5.5 2.9 -0.7 1.7 3.0
-0.8 8.4 5.8 3.3 9.5 1.0 5.2 5.8
10.6 5.4 6.2 7.0 6.0 2.9 5.0 6.3
5.3 7.2 7.3 7.9 11.2 5.3 5.2 6.0
6.6 5.7 6.7 6.0 5.8 4.0 4.5 7.0
5.9 5.6 2.4 4.7 2.5 1.5 3.4 4.9
-2.9 7.5 8.3 7.3 -1.9 -8.7 4.0 5.0
9.7 7.1 5.1 6.4 5.5 4.0 4.0 5.4
4.9 5.0 5.3 5.1 3.1 -2.2 1.7 4.5
5.1 6.3 11.3 10.2 6.8 4.0 5.5 4.9
2.5 2.2 2.9 3.5 2.4 0.4 2.6 2.5
7.8 7.4 6.7 7.1 7.4 5.0 5.6 7.5
2.4 1.2 3.9 1.9 1.1 2.4 2.6 4.0
6.0 4.1 5.3 6.3 4.6 3.0 4.0 6.0
6.8 6.3 10.8 8.4 9.0 7.0 6.0 7.0
5.4 5.3 6.2 6.3 5.8 4.5 5.0 6.1
-3.6 -4.0 -6.3 -6.9 -14.1 3.7 6.0 6.0
7.3 6.0 6.6 5.5 3.0 -5.0 1.8 4.0
5.7 5.8 5.5 6.3 6.8 0.7 2.2 6.0
6.3 3.9 6.9 6.8 5.5 -3.0 0.5 4.5

2.9
1.7
4.2
4.5
4.1
0.9
1.7
3.8
1.7
3.4
3.6
2.9
6.0
2.4
6.5
3.9
1.0
1.9
0.7
1.5
3.1
4.5
-7.6
1.8
3.5
2.9
2.9
0.9
4.7
6.2
-0.2
0.6
2.0
1.3

12

2.4

3.8

3.7

2.2

2.4

3.1

World Economic Outlook October 2009, Sustaining the Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International
Monetary Fund, pp. 173-176.

249

4,5

2001 2002
1991-2000
-4.0
4.1 4.5
3.8 5.4
7.5 7.9
1.0
4.1 4.1
8.0 6.5
6.7 6.9
-4.5 0.9
1.1 1.9
3.8
1.2 1.4
-1.6
5.6 5.0
5.6 3.9
3.7
-5.7 6.2
6.1 5.2
5.1 4.7
8.9 6.6
9.6 13.2
6.5 8.1
4.7 5.0
4.7 5.5
13.5 9.8
5.3 0.0
6.1 7.8
0.3
0.2 4.7
10.2 9.1
20.4 15.8
9.2 5.2
4.2 4.0
7.4
5.8 6.9
4.9
5.0

1.6
2.8
7.6
4.0
4.6
4.4
3.7

4.8
6.8
2.7
8.1
8.3
2.0
3.9
3.6
-5.1
5.7
0.5
3.5
11.3
5.6
1.9
-0.1
1.8
8.1
-8.0
-1.5
2.2
18.9
2.6
-2.5
6.9
2.5
4.6
3.5
3.7

4.8
10.9
3.9
6.6
9.1
3.2
4.6
4.5
6.1
5.9
5.4
6.5
12.0
0.1
3.2
-0.2
4.4
5.5
-2.8
4.0
5.3
2.4
3.0
-7.4
7.1
3.8
5.2
3.2
7.5

4.7
3.7
7.1

5.3
0.2
4.5

5.8
3.0
3.3

10.4
5.0
5.6
4.0
5.2
6.3
7.1
7.5
7.1
5.0
3.9
4.6
3.0
3.2
2.6
5.2
4.4

250

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014

5.0
5.0
7.6
4.2
7.2
10.2
2.8
2.5
3.9
5.3
2.4
5.3
7.8
7.3
9.1
14.0
10.5
7.0
11.1
9.3
7.0
6.6
7.0
10.2
17.1
9.6
4.2
8.2
15.1
5.8
7.2
2.9
8.5
10.0
1.0
6.9
4.8
2.3
6.1
5.8
8.5
13.8
3.9
4.9
2.2
4.9
2.0
6.5
5.9
7.1
0.1
3.2
3.2
7.3
6.9
7.2
3.2
7.2

6.6
4.2
7.2
4.8
8.7
7.4
4.1
4.4
5.3
8.5
8.3
9.4
8.2
7.2
10.8
10.5
10.4
11.4
5.9
9.6
7.0
7.4
10.6
10.6
14.7
12.1
7.7
8.6
8.8
6.1
6.8
0.5
10.3
10.1
5.5
7.9
5.0
2.2
6.4
6.8
9.5
13.6
4.7
7.4
2.7
6.4
4.2
4.9
5.4
6.3
4.2
1.4
5.5
7.8
5.9
5.6
4.1
5.1

6.2
4.2
9.4
4.0
10.6
7.8
4.1
4.2
3.6
4.1
5.6
8.4
6.7
6.4
7.4
13.9
24.3
9.4
9.6
9.7
-0.2
7.5
7.3
6.7
13.0
2.7
7.0
9.0
16.1
6.3
6.5
0.4
13.3
10.4
0.7
9.2
5.7
0.0
7.1
5.3
-4.6
13.6
3.1
7.7
3.6
5.0
8.6
5.4
6.2
4.6
6.2
5.4
6.5
8.4
5.5
7.9
4.5
4.7
-0.7
4.2 8.6 8.1
17.3 10.2 10.6
4.1 7.5 2.5

6.3
4.7
10.0
3.9
12.2
7.8
4.0
8.6
6.2
7.9
5.2
6.9
8.4
7.7
10.2
13.2
30.5
10.0
9.4
10.7
3.1
4.8
8.6
7.0
11.4
7.3
7.3
9.8
8.2
6.5
6.3
4.4
10.8
11.6
3.3
9.8
5.5
3.2
8.4
5.8
18.0
13.1
3.7
6.1
2.6
5.3
2.2
6.9
7.7
5.2
-5.8
0.6
7.4
8.2
5.8
6.7
6.8
5.8
6.2
8.0
5.1
0.6

6.2
5.5
7.2
1.2
10.0
8.9
5.9
10.7
6.8
6.2
6.9
4.7
8.6
8.1
9.9
13.7
23.4
8.6
12.3
8.9
8.5
3.0
10.2
7.8
11.6
7.9
9.5
10.6
12.1
6.3
21.4
0.6
10.2
13.0
-6.6
9.4
6.3
-0.5
7.5
6.2
7.2
11.9
3.2
5.6
6.5
7.1
2.2
10.7
6.8
4.9
8.4
-3.2
6.8
8.5
6.2
8.1
7.1
7.8
1.5
8.9
2.5
7.5

6.0
2.4
-3.6
0.6
-4.6
3.0
4.9
7.5
4.9
7.1
5.4
0.9
5.5
5.6
5.4
6.8
11.6
10.0
2.1
3.2
7.6
7.2
8.9
7.9
10.5
2.1
9.0
7.6
3.4
6.0
7.6
-1.5
6.7
9.0
0.2
7.3
6.1
3.4
7.2
4.6
5.8
4.0
4.7
2.0
7.0
3.8
4.8
6.9
6.0
2.6
12.8
1.2
6.6
6.2
5.4
6.1
7.2
2.5
9.5
7.9
6.3
8.5

-6.5
-5.2
-14.0
-6.7
-18.0
-18.5
-2.5
-4.0
1.0
-8.5
-4.0
-6.5
-6.7
-7.5
-4.7
-15.6
7.5
-1.2
-4.0
-2.0
1.5
-9.0
0.5
2.0
4.0
-14.0
7.0
6.2
15.7
5.4
8.5
0.2
-2.7
8.5
-2.5
5.4
4.0
1.5
4.6
-3.6
-4.0
4.3
4.0
2.0
3.9
1.0
-5.5
0.4
3.0
-3.5
7.2
2.6
3.0
4.6
2.0
3.0
4.7
1.5
4.3
3.0
-1.5
7.0

-2.5
0.4
-2.6
-0.9
-4.0
-4.0
2.0
-2.0
2.2
0.5
1.5
3.7
2.1
1.5
3.6
1.2
7.4
1.8
2.0
2.0
3.0
0.0
3.0
3.0
15.3
2.7
7.0
7.3
8.6
5.4
5.3
0.6
4.3
9.0
1.2
6.4
4.8
1.1
5.4
2.5
3.4
5.0
4.1
3.0
3.7
3.2
-1.0
2.4
5.0
3.7
7.9
1.9
3.5
5.3
4.2
3.7
4.5
2.2
5.8
4.0
3.3
4.0

5.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
5.0
5.5
3.5
5.3
5.0
5.9
4.5
0.9
6.9
5.0
7.5
5.6
5.0
0.9
6.0
8.0
5.8
6.0
8.5
8.9
6.5
6.8
1.7
6.3
9.5
3.0
8.1
6.3
1.1
7.3
6.0
4.2
5.1
5.5
5.5
2.4
4.5
3.0
3.7
5.4
6.0
7.8
1.6
4.5
7.0
4.8
5.0
6.0
3.2
6.8
5.5
4.7
4.5

1991-2000
0.2
4.5
6.9
2.7
4.8
4.4
5.7
3.3
3.4
4.2
2.1
1.0
6.0
3.8
2.5
6.5
2.7
5.2
2.1
6.1
2.2
4.6
4.5
3.7
4.9
0.3
3.3
0.5
3.5
3.6
5.5
1.8
4.0
4.1
2.2
3.1
0.7
4.5
2.9
2.1

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014
-4.3 -1.3 13.0 4.4 10.3 6.7 7.5 3.4 1.8
5.6 2.1 0.4 3.4 4.9 6.0 7.7 7.8 4.1
6.3 3.2 6.3 17.7 9.2 15.0 15.3 16.4 11.5
0.5 0.1 7.7 5.3 5.6 3.2 3.3 4.4 -0.9
3.7 5.9 -2.1 6.7 4.5 5.1 4.2 5.2 3.0
1.7 2.6 11.9 9.7 8.2 9.4 6.3 7.4 -0.2
3.8 3.9 3.7 4.0 5.6 3.2 3.3 3.6 4.2
0.7 0.6 2.2 6.0 4.7 5.7 5.7 4.2 -2.5
1.5 2.0 4.3 5.2 5.5 12.4 6.9 2.8 -6.5
-4.4 -10.9 8.8 9.0 9.2 8.5 8.7 6.8 -2.5
0.8 2.6 -0.9 -0.8 5.7 4.3 0.7 -1.7 -3.9
-2.6 0.7 2.0 4.8 3.9 3.2 3.4 0.2 -3.0
5.0 5.1 9.3 4.6 3.0 4.7 1.2 3.8 1.0
1.7 2.5 2.7 4.2 4.4 4.8 4.6 6.1 2.8
1.3 2.7 1.1 5.7 3.2 4.0 5.7 5.1 -0.7
3.5 2.2 4.0 6.0 5.6 4.6 4.7 3.2 -1.7
2.2 2.5 4.6 4.7 5.7 6.9 7.5 2.5 -0.3
1.1 2.9 6.4 4.3 5.9 8.8 7.8 2.6 -1.5
-4.2 -5.1 0.1 3.0 3.3 3.8 1.8 3.2 1.1
1.8 5.8 -0.3 1.3 9.3 10.7 8.5 5.3 0.5
5.3 4.2 3.6 8.0 6.0 3.9 2.5 6.5 -1.0
1.7 2.3 2.3 1.9 3.1 4.2 4.7 2.5 -2.5
-3.0 1.6 7.1 -5.7 11.0 -2.3 4.9 2.2 -4.0
2.4 3.9 2.5 3.2 3.3 5.4 6.3 4.0 0.4
2.3 1.1 -0.7 1.6 -1.9 5.1 5.4 3.0 2.0
-1.0 -0.3 0.4 -3.5 1.8 2.3 3.4 1.2 2.0
2.7 3.8 4.5 6.2 6.1 6.6 6.3 4.0 -2.0
1.3 1.0 3.5 1.4 1.0 2.7 1.5 -1.0 -3.6
-0.2 0.8 1.7 4.0 3.2 5.1 3.3 1.3 -7.3
3.0 0.8 2.5 5.3 4.4 3.9 3.2 3.2 -1.0
0.6 2.2 4.2 7.5 7.2 8.5 11.5 9.2 1.8
2.1 0.0 3.8 4.1 2.9 4.3 6.8 5.8 -4.5
0.2 5.0 4.0 5.0 6.8 7.7 8.9 9.8 1.5
2.0 1.0 0.5 7.6 5.6 5.3 0.9 2.4 -2.0
-4.1 0.6 3.5 4.5 4.4 5.0 1.7 0.7 -2.5
-0.1 3.2 2.8 6.8 2.6 7.6 7.0 0.9 -1.1
4.5 2.8 6.3 8.0 3.9 4.5 5.4 6.0 1.5
3.8 7.9 14.4 8.0 6.2 13.5 4.6 2.3 -0.8
-3.5 -7.1 2.3 4.6 6.8 4.6 7.6 8.9 0.6
3.4 -8.9 -7.8 18.3 10.3 10.3 8.4 4.8 -2.0

5.2
3.8
18.5
4.0
4.2
2.4
7.3
2.9
-1.5
1.5
-0.5
0.0
2.0
3.4
3.5
4.0
2.5
2.3
2.0
2.0
1.5
0.5
0.0
1.3
4.0
2.7
2.0
-0.2
3.3
1.0
3.7
3.9
5.8
0.0
-0.4
2.1
3.5
2.0
3.5
-0.4

7.1
4.1
3.3
5.0
5.7
5.2
4.7
4.0
3.9
3.0
1.8
2.5
2.5
3.7
3.7
5.4
4.5
5.2
3.0
6.0
3.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
4.4
3.7
3.0
2.1
4.9
4.0
6.5
5.5
5.5
2.0
3.9
4.0
5.5
2.4
3.9
0.4

: :
2002 18 ,
(- -):
- , `
2008 :
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:
: ,
: ,
:
, , :

251

 4.8
: - 13,1
( )

1991-2000
2.4
1.6
1.3
4.5
6.4
5.3
-1.7
1.4
6.8

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014
4.9
2.7
3.1
6.2
3.5
6.6
2.1
4.5
6.1

6.5 5.5 6.7 5.8 6.1 6.2 5.2 2.0 3.9

4.7 6.9 5.2 5.1 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.1 3.9
14.5 3.3 11.2 20.6 18.6 20.3 14.8 -3.6 9.3
4.4 4.0 3.0 2.9 3.8 4.6 5.0 3.8 3.0
9.0 6.3 6.0 1.6 5.1 4.4 2.9 -10.4 14.3
4.7 7.3 4.6 7.1 5.5 3.6 5.0 3.5 4.1
4.4 -1.2 4.8 0.9 5.1 3.6 4.5 3.5 3.8
4.0 4.0 3.7 2.3 3.2 3.5 3.4 2.4 2.6
5.3 4.7 4.3 6.5 10.8 7.8 5.9 2.5 3.0

5.4
4.3
6.1
6.0
3.5
6.0
5.0
4.7
6.4

1.0

0.6

-0.6

-7.1

1.0

3.7

2.2

2.4

5.1

2.8
1.1
-5.6
1.4
3.1
-1.7
31.6

11.7
3.3
-2.1
3.8
0.0
2.0
63.4
8.8
7.7
2.1
5.8
4.2
3.8
-0.6
4.7
3.0
2.9
6.0
-4.1
12.1
2.9
4.2
7.6
12.3
1.2
8.0
8.2
8.5
3.1
4.6
-2.3
18.2
2.7
6.2
1.0
6.0
-2.3
5.0
5.2
4.9
-2.7
0.0
7.0
3.6

8.5
4.1
3.5
4.6
-1.6
2.6
19.5
3.0
1.2
-0.3
-3.2
4.5
4.2
-4.2
0.3
1.6
3.7
-12.4
1.7
4.3
1.1
1.5
3.3
9.2
4.8
5.3
21.2
11.0
11.6
0.7
1.2
27.4
3.7
5.4
1.8
7.2
-0.3
1.7
8.7
3.3
-4.4
4.4
4.2
5.0

14.7
2.5
5.8
0.8
-1.7
3.2
14.0
-2.7
-3.5
2.4
6.9
5.2
1.2
-0.6
2.8
3.9
-31.3
9.8
5.7
7.2
5.6
3.8
6.3
6.5
4.3
7.1
10.3
0.3
5.4
6.7
-5.9
9.5
3.1
7.1
3.9
6.9
5.2
5.6
6.5
5.1
-10.4
4.9
5.8
3.5

33.6 7.9 0.2 0.2

-0.2 4.2 1.2 0.5
6.6 7.9 5.6 6.3
3.5 7.8 6.2 -1.6
1.6 1.9 0.7 1.6
3.0 3.2 4.8 5.1
38.0 9.7 1.3 21.4
1.5 2.6 -1.0 1.3
9.8 12.6 11.5 11.5
1.1 3.0 1.2 5.6
7.0 5.1 6.5 6.3
5.6 5.9 6.4 6.1
2.3 3.0 2.5 1.8
2.2 3.5 0.6 2.7
4.6 5.9 6.4 7.0
4.6 0.7 8.1 5.1
2.6 5.3 7.8 9.5
5.3 4.6 5.0 6.2
5.4 3.3 6.7 8.6
1.2 6.1 5.3 4.3
5.2 5.4 11.4 1.0
4.8 3.4 3.5 4.2
4.8 3.0 7.8 2.7
7.9 8.4 8.7 7.0
12.3 2.5 7.2 4.1
-0.8 8.4 5.8 3.3
10.6 5.4 6.2 6.4
5.3 7.2 7.3 7.9
6.6 5.7 6.7 6.0
5.9 5.6 2.4 4.7
-2.9 7.5 8.3 7.3
7.4 7.3 7.4 6.4
4.9 5.0 5.3 5.1
5.1 6.3 11.3 10.2
2.5 2.2 2.9 3.5
7.8 7.4 6.7 7.1
2.4 1.2 3.9 1.9
6.0 4.0 5.5 6.3
6.8 6.3 10.8 8.6
5.4 5.3 6.2 6.3
-3.6 -4.0 -5.4 -6.1
7.3 6.0 6.6 5.4
5.7 5.8 5.5 6.3
6.3 3.9 6.9 6.8

-0.4
1.0
6.2
5.6
2.3
5.8
11.3
1.0
11.6
2.0
5.9
7.2
4.0
3.3
2.0
3.5
7.1
5.0
9.7
5.0
2.2
6.6
5.4
6.2
2.9
9.5
5.3
11.2
5.8
2.5
0.1
5.5
3.1
6.8
2.5
7.5
1.1
4.5
9.5
6.0

2.8 2.5 1.8

0.8 1.5 4.0
2.7 5.5 7.5
9.5 11.9 2.8
3.7 4.2 6.0
5.1 5.4 7.1
-5.4 -2.8 -1.9
1.1 4.7 3.1
6.5 6.5 7.7
0.7 2.7 2.8
4.0 4.4 5.5
4.5 4.7 5.8
2.6 4.1 5.0
1.9 3.1 4.4
3.0 4.0 6.5
0.6 3.0 4.4
4.9 7.5 12.9
-0.2 2.0 5.7
6.9 6.0 5.3
3.9 4.1 5.3
2.3 4.7 5.9
2.1 2.3 4.2
4.4 4.4 6.0
4.3 4.0 6.5
-0.7 1.8 3.1
3.0 4.5 5.6
2.9 2.6 6.3
5.6 5.8 6.1
5.0 6.0 8.0
3.1 3.4 4.9
-9.6 2.6 5.0
4.5 5.3 5.6
-0.3 1.9 4.4
4.0 5.0 5.0
0.5 2.6 2.5
5.0 5.7 7.5
1.7 2.1 4.0
3.3 3.8 6.0
6.2 5.5 7.0
4.0 4.5 5.9

2.9
6.8
5.5

-3.7
0.4
-3.0

2.9
1.7
4.2
4.5
4.1
0.9
1.7
3.8
1.7
3.4
3.6
2.9
6.0
2.4
6.5
3.9
1.0
1.9
0.7
1.5
3.1
4.5
-7.6
1.8
3.5
2.9
2.9
0.9
4.7
6.2
-0.2
0.6
2.0
1.3

13

2.4

3.8

3.1

0.8
2.0
0.5

4.0
6.0
4.5

World Economic Outlook April 2009, Crisis and Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary
Fund, p. 193-196.

252

4,5

2001
1991-2000
-4.0
4.1
3.8
7.7
1.0
4.1
8.0
6.7
-4.5
1.1
3.8
1.2
-1.6
5.6
5.6
3.7
-5.7
6.1
5.1
8.9
9.6
6.5
4.7
4.7
13.5
5.3
6.1
0.3
0.2
10.2
20.4
9.2
4.2
7.4
5.8
4.9
5.0

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014
4.5
5.4
7.8
4.1
6.5
6.9
0.9
1.9
1.4
5.0
3.9
6.2
5.2
4.7
6.6
13.2
8.1
5.0
5.5
9.8
-0.0
7.8
4.7
9.1
15.8
5.2
4.0
6.9

1.6
2.8
7.6
4.0
4.6
4.4
3.7

4.8
6.8
2.7
8.1
8.3
2.0
3.9
3.6
-5.1
5.7
0.5
3.5
11.3
5.6
2.0
-0.1
1.8
8.1
-8.0
-1.5
2.2
18.9
2.6
-2.5
6.9
2.6
4.6
3.5
3.7

4.8
10.9
3.9
6.6
9.1
3.2
4.6
4.5
6.1
5.9
5.4
6.5
12.0
0.1
3.2
-0.2
4.4
5.5
-2.8
4.0
5.3
2.4
3.0
-7.4
7.1
3.8
5.2
3.2
7.5

4.7
3.7
7.1

5.3
0.2
4.5

5.8
3.0
3.3

10.4
5.0
5.6
4.0
5.2
6.3
7.1
7.5
7.1
5.0
3.9
4.6
3.0
3.2
2.5
5.2
4.4

253

5.0
5.0
7.1
4.2
7.2
10.2
2.8
2.5
3.9
5.3
2.4
5.3
7.8
7.3
9.1
14.0
10.5
7.0
11.1
9.3
7.0
6.6
7.0
10.2
17.1
9.6
4.2
8.2
15.1
5.8
7.2
2.9
8.5
10.0
1.0
6.9
4.8
2.3
6.1
5.8
8.5
13.8
3.9
4.8
2.2
4.9
2.1
6.5
5.9
7.1
0.1
3.2
3.2
7.3
7.0
7.2
3.2
7.2

6.6
4.2
7.5
4.8
8.7
7.4
4.1
4.4
5.3
8.5
8.3
9.4
8.2
7.2
10.8
10.5
10.4
11.4
5.9
9.6
7.0
7.4
10.6
10.6
14.7
12.1
7.7
8.6
8.8
6.1
6.8
0.5
10.3
10.1
5.5
7.9
5.0
2.2
6.4
6.8
9.5
13.6
4.7
7.4
2.7
6.4
2.4
8.0
5.4
6.3
4.2
1.4
5.5
7.8
6.0
5.6
4.1
5.1

6.2
4.2
9.2
4.0
10.6
7.8
4.1
4.2
3.6
4.1
5.6
8.4
6.7
6.4
7.4
14.0
24.3
9.4
9.6
9.7
-0.2
7.5
7.3
6.7
13.0
2.7
7.0
9.0
16.1
6.3
7.0
0.4
13.3
10.4
0.7
9.2
5.7
0.0
7.1
5.3
-4.6
13.6
3.1
7.7
3.6
5.0
6.0
5.0
6.2
4.6
6.2
5.4
6.5
8.4
5.8
7.9
4.5
4.7
-0.7
4.2 8.6 8.1
17.3 10.2 10.6
4.1 7.5 2.6

6.3
4.7
10.4
4.0
12.2
7.8
4.0
8.6
6.2
7.9
5.2
6.9
8.4
7.7
10.2
13.2
30.5
10.0
9.4
10.7
3.1
4.8
8.6
7.0
11.4
7.3
7.3
9.8
8.2
6.5
8.8
4.4
10.8
11.6
3.3
9.8
5.5
3.2
8.4
5.8
18.0
13.1
3.7
6.2
2.6
5.4
1.8
6.1
7.7
5.2
-5.8
0.6
7.4
8.2
5.7
6.7
6.8
5.8
6.2
8.0
5.1
0.6

6.2
5.5
6.3
1.1
10.0
8.9
5.9
10.7
6.7
6.2
6.9
4.7
8.6
8.1
9.9
13.8
23.4
8.6
12.4
8.9
8.5
4.0
10.2
7.8
11.6
7.9
9.5
10.6
12.1
6.3
17.9
0.6
10.2
13.0
-6.6
9.3
6.3
-0.5
7.5
6.3
7.2
11.9
3.2
6.0
6.5
7.2
6.0
10.2
6.8
4.9
8.4
-3.2
6.8
8.5
6.3
8.1
7.1
7.8
1.5
6.6
2.5
7.5

6.0
2.4
-3.6
0.6
-4.6
3.0
5.0
7.5
4.8
7.1
5.4
1.1
5.5
5.6
5.3
6.8
11.6
10.0
2.0
3.2
7.6
7.2
8.9
7.9
9.8
2.1
9.0
7.7
3.4
5.6
6.6
-1.5
6.0
9.0
0.2
7.3
6.1
3.4
7.2
4.6
5.7
4.5
4.7
6.0
7.0
4.6
4.5
7.3
6.0
2.6
12.8
1.2
6.6
6.2
5.9
6.1
7.2
4.5
9.8
6.0
6.3
8.5

-2.0
-3.5
-10.0
-3.3
-12.0
-10.0
-2.0
-2.7
-0.7
-4.1
-2.0
-5.1
-5.1
-6.0
-2.9
-5.0
2.5
-4.3
1.0
-2.0
0.9
-3.4
2.7
2.0
6.9
-8.0
7.0
4.8
9.0
5.0
5.7
0.2
-0.5
6.5
-1.8
4.5
2.5
1.5
4.4
-3.5
-1.3
5.0
3.6
2.5
3.9
0.0
4.0
4.0
2.2
-3.0
7.2
2.6
3.0
3.3
2.5
2.6
3.6
3.2
6.9
3.0
-1.1
3.0

-1.0 5.0
0.3 4.0
-1.0 4.5
-0.4 4.5
-2.0 4.0
-3.0 5.5
1.0 2.0
-2.0 4.0
1.3 4.3
-0.0 4.1
0.0 5.5
1.5 3.5
1.2 5.3
0.5 5.0
3.1 5.9
0.0 5.0
12.3 -0.8
1.6 5.7
3.0 5.0
1.5 8.0
2.9 5.6
0.0 5.0
4.3 6.0
3.0 7.0
7.0 8.4
1.0 6.0
7.0 6.0
6.1 8.8
7.0 9.4
5.4 7.0
6.6 6.7
0.6 1.7
3.0 7.5
7.5 10.0
1.2 2.8
5.6 8.0
3.5 6.0
1.1 1.1
4.7 7.1
1.3 6.0
2.9 5.5
4.0 4.0
3.3 5.5
3.5 7.0
3.7 2.4
1.0 5.0
3.5 3.5
3.4 7.3
3.6 5.5
1.0 6.0
7.9 7.8
1.9 1.6
3.5 4.5
4.0 7.0
3.5 4.5
3.5 4.9
3.0 6.0
3.0 2.2
6.7 4.7
4.0 5.5
2.4 4.6
4.0 4.5

1991-2000
0.2
4.6
6.9
2.7
4.8
4.4
5.7
3.3
3.4
4.2
2.1
1.0
6.0
3.8
2.5
6.5
2.7
5.2
2.1
6.1
2.2
4.6
4.5
3.7
4.9
0.3
3.3
0.5
3.5
3.6
5.5
1.8
4.0
4.1
2.2
3.1
0.7
4.5
3.0
2.1

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014
-4.3 -1.3 13.0
7.5 2.6 2.0
6.3 3.2 6.3
0.5 0.1 7.7
3.7 5.9 -2.1
1.7 2.6 11.9
3.8 3.9 3.7
0.7 0.6 2.2
1.5 2.0 4.3
-4.4 -10.9 8.8
0.8 2.3 1.0
-2.6 0.7 2.0
5.0 5.1 9.3
1.7 2.5 2.7
1.3 2.7 1.1
3.5 2.2 4.0
2.2 2.5 4.6
1.1 2.9 6.4
-4.2 -5.1 0.1
1.8 5.8 -0.3
5.3 4.2 3.6
1.7 2.3 2.3
-3.0 1.6 7.1
2.4 3.9 2.5
2.3 1.1 -0.7
-1.0 -0.3 0.4
2.7 3.8 4.5
1.3 1.0 3.5
-0.2 0.8 1.7
3.0 0.8 2.5
0.6 2.2 4.2
2.1 0.0 3.8
0.2 5.0 4.0
2.0 1.0 0.5
-4.1 0.6 3.5
-0.1 3.2 2.8
6.8 2.6 6.0
3.8 7.9 14.4
-3.8 -7.7 0.8
3.4 -8.9 -7.8

4.4
5.3
17.7
5.3
6.7
9.7
4.0
6.0
5.2
9.0
-0.2
4.8
4.6
4.2
5.7
6.0
4.7
4.3
3.0
1.3
8.0
1.9
-5.7
3.2
1.6
-3.5
6.2
1.4
4.0
5.3
7.5
4.1
5.0
7.6
4.5
6.8
8.2
7.8
5.0
18.3

10.3
6.0
9.2
5.6
4.5
8.2
5.6
4.7
5.5
9.2
3.3
3.9
3.0
4.4
3.2
5.6
5.7
5.9
3.3
9.3
6.0
3.1
11.0
3.3
-1.9
1.8
6.1
1.0
3.2
4.4
7.2
2.9
6.8
5.6
3.8
2.6
4.5
5.4
7.5
10.3

6.7 6.8 6.7

6.8 6.4 6.2
15.0 15.3 16.4
3.0 3.5 4.6
5.1 4.2 5.2
9.4 6.3 7.4
3.2 3.3 3.9
5.7 5.7 4.2
12.4 6.9 4.2
8.5 8.7 7.0
4.6 2.8 -1.3
3.2 3.4 0.6
4.7 1.2 3.0
4.8 4.6 5.9
4.0 5.7 5.1
4.6 4.7 3.2
6.9 7.5 2.5
8.8 7.8 2.9
4.0 1.5 2.6
10.7 8.5 4.8
3.9 2.5 5.3
4.2 4.7 2.5
-2.3 4.5 0.3
5.4 6.3 4.0
5.1 5.4 3.2
2.3 3.4 1.3
6.6 6.3 4.0
2.7 1.4 -1.2
5.1 3.3 1.3
3.9 3.2 3.0
8.5 11.5 9.2
4.3 6.8 5.8
7.7 8.9 9.8
5.3 2.9 3.0
5.0 1.7 1.7
7.6 7.0 0.9
4.8 5.5 6.5
13.3 5.5 3.4
4.6 7.6 8.9
10.3 8.4 4.8

1.1
3.0
18.0
-0.9
3.0
-0.6
7.7
-1.5
-2.0
-1.5
-4.5
-3.5
1.0
2.2
-1.3
0.1
0.0
0.5
1.1
0.5
-2.0
0.0
-0.7
1.0
2.6
1.0
1.5
-2.6
-3.7
0.5
3.0
0.5
3.5
-1.2
-1.4
0.1
2.8
0.5
1.3
-2.2

2.8
3.8
16.4
2.9
2.8
1.6
4.7
1.6
0.0
0.7
-0.5
0.5
2.0
2.9
2.2
3.0
1.3
1.5
2.0
2.0
1.0
0.5
1.0
1.8
3.4
2.0
1.9
-0.3
1.0
1.0
4.0
1.5
4.5
0.0
0.0
1.2
2.5
2.0
2.0
-0.5

8.4
6.5
3.3
5.1
5.2
5.1
4.5
4.3
4.9
3.0
1.8
3.0
2.5
3.6
4.5
5.0
4.5
5.2
3.0
7.0
3.0
4.5
3.9
4.0
3.8
3.7
3.0
2.1
4.9
4.0
6.5
5.0
5.5
2.0
4.2
4.1
4.7
3.3
3.8
0.5

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254

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2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014
1991-2000

,

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2
3

2.4
2.1

1.9
2.3
2.4
-1.2
2.1

1.6
1.6
2.6
-1.5
1.8

1.8
2.2
2.2
-1.6
2.2

2.0
2.8
1.9
-1.1
2.3

2.2
3.3
2.0
-0.9
2.1

2.3
2.9
2.4
-0.7
2.7

2.0
2.1
2.4
-0.9
2.9

1.0
1.5
0.6
-0.8
1.4

1.6
2.0
1.4
0.1
1.8

2.2
2.8
2.4
-0.7
2.2
7.9

1.5
1.6
2.3
-0.9
1.7
6.9

1.8
2.3
2.1
-0.3
1.8
6.7

2.0 2.3 2.4

2.7 3.4 3.2
2.2 2.2 2.2
0.0 -0.3 0.3
1.8 2.1 2.1
5.9 5.9 5.6

2.2
2.9
2.1
0.0
2.1
6.4

3.4 0.1 1.1

3.8 -0.4 1.7
3.3 0.3 0.8
1.4 -1.1 -0.8
3.8 1.3 1.6
9.3 5.5 4.9

1.9
2.2
1.5
0.8
2.2
4.0

8.1
10.3
64.8

10.8
25.9
20.3
2.8
3.8
6.5

9.0
18.6
14.0
2.1
5.3
8.6

8.7
11.2
12.3
2.6
6.1
10.4

6.7
6.6
10.4
4.1
7.1
6.6

7.1
5.9
12.1
3.8
7.2
6.3

6.4 6.0 10.3

5.9 6.0 8.1
9.4 9.7 15.6
4.2 5.4 7.5
8.3 11.2 15.0
5.3 5.4 7.9

9.0
4.8
11.8
3.0
8.3
6.1

6.5
4.2
9.4
3.4
6.6
5.2

4.7
3.3
6.9
2.8
5.6
5.2

7.5

3.0

2.5

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.3

0.9

1.1

1.7

77.6
35.8

13.5 11.9 11.5 9.8 10.0 9.0 10.0 15.0 10.3 8.9
6.5 5.7 5.6 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.6 7.9 4.3 3.9

7.4
3.2

50.4

14.4 7.9

6.1

4.4

6.4

7.0

5.7 11.3 6.6

5.1

4.7

42.6

8.6

8.1

7.4

5.5

5.8

5.8

5.9

6.6

5.6

4.0

24.4

8.2

3.7

7.6

7.3

7.9

8.5

7.9 13.1 9.8

6.3

4.9

31.9

9.1 12.5 9.3

7.0

8.2

8.7

7.9 11.5 9.4

6.5

4.9

2.6
8.7

2.6
4.7

2.0
4.5

2.1
6.0

2.2
6.1

2.2 3.8 0.5

6.4 10.4 4.9

1.3
4.4

2.0
4.0

0.1
3.3
2.7
2.8
0.8
3.3
44.5
24.5
59.5

2.3
3.6

2.1
4.4

2.1
3.3
2.0
-1.2
2.0

2.4

3.7

8.7

0.9
1.6
0.6
-0.2
0.7

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:

14

World Economic Outlook October 2009, Sustaining the Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International
Monetary Fund, p. 177.

255

 4.10
15

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2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014
1991-2000

2.4
2.1

2.0 1.6 1.7

2.4 1.7 2.1
2.5 2.6 2.2
-1.2 -1.5 -1.6
2.1 1.8 2.2

2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2

2.9 3.3 3.2 2.7
1.9 2.0 2.0 2.3
-1.1 -1.2 -0.9 -0.7
2.3 2.0 2.0 2.6

2.0
2.2
2.3
-1.0
2.9

0.8 0.6
0.9 0.4
1.0 1.0
0.9 -0.7
1.0 1.8

1.6
2.0
1.7
0.5
1.9

2.2 1.5 1.8

2.8 1.6 2.3
2.4 2.3 2.1
-0.7 -0.9 -0.3
2.2 1.7 1.8
7.7 6.8 6.7

2.0
2.7
2.2
0.0
1.8
5.9

2.3
3.4
2.2
-0.3
2.1
5.7

2.4
3.2
2.2
0.3
2.1
5.4

3.4 -0.2 0.3

3.8 -0.9 -0.1
3.3 0.4 0.6
1.4 -1.0 -0.6
3.8 0.8 1.1
9.3 5.7 4.7

1.9
2.2
1.5
1.0
2.2
4.2

8.2
10.3
64.8

10.9
24.4
20.3
2.8
3.8
6.5

9.1
18.9
14.0
2.1
5.3
8.6

8.7
11.3
12.3
2.6
6.1
10.4

6.6
6.6
10.4
4.1
7.1
6.6

7.1
5.6
12.1
3.8
6.2
6.3

6.3 6.3 10.1

5.7 6.1 8.0
9.4 9.7 15.6
4.2 5.4 7.4
6.8 10.5 15.6
5.3 5.4 7.9

9.0
4.6
12.6
2.8
11.0
6.6

6.3
4.2
9.5
2.4
8.5
6.2

4.8
3.3
6.9
2.8
5.8
6.3

7.6

3.0

2.5

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.4

0.8

0.8

1.7

78.0
35.8

13.6 12.0 11.5 9.9

6.3 5.6 5.5 5.0

9.6
4.8

8.4
4.7

9.8 15.3 12.3 10.6 8.4

5.6 7.9 4.2 3.4 3.3

51.3

15.1 8.5

6.1

3.7

6.6

6.7

7.0 10.9 7.1

5.8

4.6

42.6

8.3

8.1

7.4

5.4

5.7

5.7

5.9

6.3

4.7

4.2

22.1

6.3

3.7

5.9

6.7

7.8

8.0

8.4 14.8 9.6

6.2

4.9

32.1

9.3 12.8 9.5

6.8

8.2

8.7

8.1 11.1 10.4 6.6

6.0

2.6
9.7

2.6
4.7

2.0
4.5

2.1
5.7

2.2
6.1

2.1 3.8 0.5

6.3 10.4 5.5

2.0
4.0

0.2
3.2
2.7
2.8
0.8
3.3
44.5
24.6
59.4

2.2
2.9
2.1
0.0
2.1
6.4

3.7

8.6

,

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2
3

2.3
3.6

2.1
4.2

1.0
5.0

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:

15

World Economic Outlook April 2009, Crisis and Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary
Fund, p. 197.

256

 4.11
16

:
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2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014
1991-2000
2008 2009 2010

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2.7
2.8

2.2
3.8
3.1
0.8
2.7
2.0
5.1
2.2
2.6
2.7
1.9
5.3
13.3
2.3
1.7
2.1
9.5
1.8
3.2

2.2
2.8
2.4
1.9
1.8
2.3
2.8
5.1
2.4
3.7
2.3
4.4
2.7
4.0
7.1
8.4
2.7
2.0
2.5
-0.7
1.2
2.5
4.1
4.4
0.0
2.7
1.0
-1.6
4.7
3.0
1.0
2.4
1.1
2.6
6.7

1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3

1.6 2.3 2.7 3.4
2.3 2.1 2.2 2.2
1.4 1.0 1.8 1.9
1.9 2.2 2.3 1.9
2.6 2.8 2.3 2.2
3.6 3.1 3.1 3.4
3.8 2.2 1.4 1.5
1.6 1.5 1.9 2.5
3.9 3.4 3.0 3.5
1.7 1.3 2.0 2.1
3.7 3.3 2.5 2.1
2.0 1.3 0.1 0.8
4.7 4.0 2.3 2.2
3.3 8.6 7.5 2.7
7.5 5.6 3.6 2.5
2.1 2.0 2.2 2.5
2.8 4.0 1.9 2.0
2.6 1.9 2.7 2.5
-0.9 -0.3 0.0 -0.3
1.3 1.4 1.3 2.0
2.3 2.7 1.8 2.2
2.8 3.5 3.6 2.8
3.0 2.8 2.3 2.7
-0.2 -0.3 1.6 2.3
1.9 2.3 1.0 0.8
0.6 0.6 0.8 1.2
-3.0 -2.6 -0.4 0.9
1.9 0.1 2.8 1.8
1.3 2.5 0.5 1.5
-0.4 0.5 1.7 0.5
2.4 2.1 1.2 1.8
5.7 0.7 -0.4 1.4
2.6 1.7 2.3 3.0
4.8 2.1 3.2 4.0

2.4
3.2
2.2
1.8
1.9
2.2
3.6
1.7
2.3
3.3
1.7
3.0
1.3
2.7
4.5
2.5
2.7
2.2
2.6
0.3
2.3
2.0
2.2
3.5
0.6
1.5
1.0
2.0
2.5
2.3
1.0
1.9
2.1
3.4
6.8

2.2 3.4
2.9 3.8
2.1 3.3
2.3 2.8
1.6 3.2
2.0 3.5
2.8 4.1
1.6 2.2
1.8 4.5
3.0 4.2
2.2 3.2
2.4 2.7
1.6 3.9
2.9 3.1
2.7 4.6
3.6 5.7
2.3 3.4
2.2 4.4
0.7 4.7
0.0 1.4
2.3 3.6
2.1 2.4
2.5 4.7
2.3 4.4
1.8 3.5
1.7 3.3
0.7 2.4
2.0 4.3
2.9 6.3
0.7 3.8
2.1 6.5
1.7 3.4
0.5 4.6
2.4 4.0
5.0 12.4

0.1
-0.4
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.7
-0.3
0.9
0.2
1.1
0.5
-0.6
1.0
-1.6
1.5
0.5
0.2
0.4
2.1
-1.1
1.9
0.1
2.6
1.6
-0.5
2.2
-0.4
-1.0
1.0
2.3
-0.2
1.7
3.6
1.5
11.7

2.4

1.9

1.3

1.7

2.0

2.3

2.3

2.1

3.2

4.1

1.9

1.0

1.4

2.4

2.2

1.6

2.2

4.5

2.3
1.8
3.7
4.0
2.3
2.0
9.1
2.0
4.7
1.9
2.6

1.1
1.7
0.8
0.2
1.1
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.7
1.0
1.0
1.1
-0.3
2.3
1.5
1.8
1.2
1.9
-0.8
1.5
1.3
2.5
1.5
1.5
2.4
0.5
0.5
1.1
1.8
1.6
2.0
2.0
1.0
4.4

1.9 1.6
2.2 0.7
1.5 1.6
0.7 1.1
1.8 3.2
1.8 2.4
1.7 1.5
1.5 2.2
1.3 2.7
2.0 3.1
1.8 1.5
1.8 0.8
1.7 3.4
1.1 1.3
2.3 4.4
3.0 2.1
1.6 0.9
2.8 1.8
2.4 5.0
0.8 0.4
2.0 3.9
2.0 1.9
3.0 4.1
2.5 3.7
2.0 3.8
2.0 2.1
1.0 0.7
2.6 2.0
2.0 3.6
2.5 2.1
1.8 5.4
2.0 2.9
2.0 3.8
2.1 3.4
2.5 18.1

0.7 1.1
1.6 1.5
0.9 0.6
0.0 0.2
0.3 1.1
0.6 1.1
0.4 0.8
0.9 1.0
0.1 1.2
1.3 1.8
1.2 0.8
-0.5 1.1
1.0 1.1
-1.3 0.1
2.0 2.3
0.5 2.1
2.1 1.5
0.9 1.2
0.9 2.6
-1.5 -0.7
1.2 1.3
0.2 1.6
2.0 3.0
1.6 1.2
-0.1 1.3
3.1 2.2
-0.4 0.5
-2.8 0.5
0.6 1.9
1.9 1.9
-1.3 2.0
2.3 1.7
-0.5 1.8
0.9 1.4
7.0 2.5

-0.1 1.1

1.8

1.3

0.7

0.9

1.0

2.6

3.9

0.5

2.1

1.9

- :

16

World Economic Outlook October 2009, Sustaining the Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International
Monetary Fund, p. 178.

257

 4.12
17

:
( )

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014
1991-2000
2008 2009 2010

()

()

2.7
2.8

2.2
3.8
3.1
0.8
2.7
2.0
5.1
2.2
2.6
2.7
1.9
5.3
13.3
2.3
1.7
2.1
9.5
1.8
3.2

2.2
2.8
2.4
1.9
1.8
2.3
2.8
5.1
2.4
3.7
2.3
4.4
2.7
4.0
7.2
8.4
2.7
2.0
2.5
-0.7
1.2
2.5
4.1
4.4
0.0
2.7
1.0
-1.6
4.7
3.0
1.0
2.4
1.1
2.6
6.7

1.5
1.6
2.3
1.4
1.9
2.6
3.6
3.8
1.6
3.9
1.7
3.7
2.0
4.7
3.5
7.5
2.1
2.8
2.6
-0.9
1.3
2.3
2.8
3.0
-0.2
1.9
0.6
-3.0
1.9
1.3
-0.4
2.4
5.7
2.6
4.8

1.8 2.0 2.3

2.3 2.7 3.4
2.1 2.2 2.2
1.0 1.8 1.9
2.2 2.3 1.9
2.8 2.3 2.2
3.1 3.1 3.4
2.2 1.4 1.5
1.5 1.9 2.5
3.4 3.0 3.5
1.3 2.0 2.1
3.3 2.5 2.1
1.3 0.1 0.8
4.0 2.3 2.2
8.4 7.5 2.8
5.6 3.6 2.5
2.0 2.2 2.5
4.0 1.9 2.0
1.9 2.7 2.5
-0.3 0.0 -0.3
1.4 1.3 2.0
2.7 1.8 2.2
3.5 3.6 2.8
2.8 2.3 2.7
-0.3 1.6 2.3
2.3 1.0 0.8
0.6 0.8 1.2
-2.6 -0.4 0.9
0.1 2.8 1.8
2.5 0.5 1.5
0.5 1.7 0.5
2.1 1.2 1.8
0.7 -0.4 1.3
1.7 2.3 3.0
2.1 3.2 4.0

2.4
3.2
2.2
1.8
1.9
2.2
3.6
1.7
2.3
3.3
1.7
3.0
1.3
2.7
4.3
2.5
2.7
2.2
2.6
0.3
2.3
2.0
2.2
3.5
0.6
1.5
1.0
2.0
2.5
2.3
1.0
1.9
2.1
3.4
6.8

2.2 3.4
2.9 3.8
2.1 3.3
2.3 2.8
1.6 3.2
2.0 3.5
2.8 4.1
1.6 2.2
1.8 4.5
3.0 4.2
2.2 3.2
2.4 2.6
1.6 3.9
2.9 3.1
1.9 3.9
3.6 5.7
2.3 3.4
2.2 4.4
0.7 4.7
0.0 1.4
2.3 3.6
2.1 2.4
2.5 4.7
2.3 4.4
1.8 3.5
1.7 3.3
0.7 2.4
2.0 4.3
2.9 6.3
0.7 3.8
2.1 6.5
1.7 3.4
0.5 4.7
2.4 4.0
5.0 12.4

2.4

1.9

1.3

1.7

2.0 2.3

2.3

2.1

3.2 -0.4 0.0 1.8

4.1

1.9

1.0

1.4

2.4 2.2

1.6

2.2

4.5

2.3
1.8
3.7
4.0
2.3
2.0
9.1
2.0
4.7
1.9
2.6

-0.2
-0.9
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.7
0.0
0.3
0.5
1.6
0.5
0.3
1.0
-0.6
1.7
0.5
0.2
0.9
1.8
-1.0
1.5
0.0
1.7
1.6
-2.0
-0.2
-0.6
1.0
1.0
1.5
0.0
-0.3
1.4
1.3
10.6

0.4

0.3
-0.1
0.6
-0.4
1.0
0.6
0.9
1.1
1.0
2.1
1.3
1.0
1.1
1.0
2.3
1.5
1.8
2.4
1.7
-0.6
0.8
0.5
3.0
1.3
1.0
0.0
-0.3
1.0
1.6
1.9
1.1
0.0
0.8
1.1
2.4

1.9 1.6
2.2 0.8
1.5 1.6
0.7 1.1
1.8 1.2
1.8 3.4
1.7 1.5
1.5 2.2
1.5 2.7
2.5 3.2
1.9 1.5
1.8 2.6
1.3 3.4
1.9 1.3
2.3 3.5
3.0 2.1
1.6 0.9
2.8 1.8
2.5 5.0
1.0 0.4
1.8 3.9
2.1 1.9
3.0 4.1
2.5 3.7
2.0 3.7
2.0 2.1
1.0 1.2
2.6 2.0
2.0 3.6
2.5 2.1
1.8 5.4
2.0 2.9
2.0 4.8
2.1 3.4
2.5 18.1

2.0 2.6

0.0
-0.1
0.9
-1.0
0.5
0.7
0.4
0.3
0.0
1.9
1.4
0.3
1.9
0.3
2.0
0.5
2.1
1.2
1.3
-1.3
0.8
-0.2
1.5
1.9
-1.0
-0.5
-0.6
1.3
1.0
1.0
-1.5
-0.6
-0.1
0.8
3.0

0.4
0.1
0.6
-0.4
1.0
0.6
0.8
1.1
1.4
2.1
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.3
2.3
2.1
1.5
2.4
2.0
-0.4
1.0
0.9
3.0
1.1
0.0
0.5
-0.3
1.0
1.6
2.3
2.0
0.3
1.1
1.3
2.3

1.2

-0.2

0.2

3.9

0.5

1.8

- :

17

World Economic Outlook April 2009, Crisis and Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary
Fund, p. 198.

258

 4.13
:
18, 1
( )

3
4

1991- 2001 2002

2000
24.5 10.8 9.0
16.3 4.2 1.4
549.4 152.6 108.9
7.6
4.0 2.4
10.6 6.6 8.0
4.4
4.7 2.3
15.2 9.3 -1.3
4.9
2.8 6.3
5.9
3.7 1.9
3.9

3.8

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014

2008 2009 2010
8.7 6.7
7.1 6.4 6.0 10.3 9.0 6.5 4.7 11.7 6.7 6.3
2.6 3.6
1.6
2.5 3.6 4.5 4.6 3.4 3.0 5.8 3.5 3.3
98.3 43.6 23.0 13.3 12.2 12.5 14.0 15.4 0.0 13.2 14.0 16.0
1.5 0.9
5.4
3.8 1.3 8.0 4.0 2.8 2.8 9.9 3.5 3.3
9.2 7.0
8.6 11.6 7.1 12.6 8.4 6.4 5.1 13.7 6.6 6.2
2.0 -0.4 6.4
2.4 -0.2 10.7 3.8 2.3 2.0 11.6 2.4 2.0
10.7 8.0 13.4 2.8 8.3 24.4 12.9 8.3 5.0 25.7 9.1 7.5
0.6 0.3
2.0
4.9 1.1 5.3 2.9 2.0 2.0 5.3 0.1 2.0
1.2 -1.9 0.4
4.8 4.4 6.8 1.5 2.0 2.0 6.7 1.0 2.0

2.3

4.4

-2.2

2.9

6.7

0.9

9.3

4.6

2.8

2.5

14.5

1.1

2.5

4.5 12.4 5.2

3.9
5.6 3.6
977.6 357.3 25.3
7.3
0.8 3.0
6.0
4.4 3.1
3.6
1.8 0.6
6.5
8.8 7.6
14.6 16.9
7.2
-5.2 -7.2
4.0
2.1 0.2
4.2
4.5 8.6
25.6 32.9 14.8
7.3
5.4 3.0
32.8 3.3 3.3
15.9 5.8 2.0
10.5 6.9 12.5
12.1 14.2
16.2 6.9 16.2
30.9 27.2 17.4
3.6
5.2 4.9
5.1
7.7 5.4
7.5
5.4 6.5
4.0
0.6 2.8
28.7 9.1 16.8
9.9
9.3 11.3
5.0
4.0 2.7
28.5 18.0 13.7
16.3 3.4 2.0
35.8 9.5 9.2
4.1
3.0 2.3
2.3
6.0 0.2
32.2 2.6 -3.7

-1.8
3.7
12.8
1.7
3.3
2.0
7.3
22.7
15.1
2.1
17.0
26.7
11.0
-3.5
9.8
7.3
10.3
-1.1
9.6
-1.2
5.3
3.9
1.2
13.5
7.2
-1.8
14.0
7.4
9.6
0.0
3.3
7.5

-4.8
4.5
4.0
3.7
1.5
3.1
4.2
25.1
8.6
0.4
14.3
12.6
17.5
0.8
11.6
5.0
3.6
14.0
11.4
-3.1
10.4
4.7
1.5
12.6
4.1
0.4
15.0
12.0
12.8
0.5
3.9
14.2

3.7
3.0
21.4
2.5
3.9
3.1
5.7
12.5
6.8
1.2
5.0
15.1
31.4
3.3
10.3
3.4
6.9
18.4
15.5
6.4
12.1
4.9
1.0
6.4
2.3
7.8
17.9
9.0
17.2
1.7
0.6
12.1

7.7
3.4
13.2
4.7
2.5
3.5
4.5
15.1
12.3
-1.4
2.1
10.2
34.7
0.7
14.5
6.1
7.2
10.8
13.9
1.5
6.2
8.9
3.3
13.2
5.1
0.1
8.2
8.9
23.1
2.1
-1.9
9.5

-7.4
4.5
16.7
2.6
1.9
5.0
2.8
9.3
15.8
5.0
5.4
10.7
22.9
4.6
9.8
8.0
13.7
10.4
7.9
1.5
7.3
9.1
2.0
8.2
6.7
0.1
5.4
9.1
18.5
5.9
5.3
11.7

8.3
4.8
18.0
6.0
6.3
12.0
5.9
12.6
25.3
5.3
4.5
16.5
18.4
10.4
13.1
10.7
17.5
9.2
8.7
9.1
7.3
8.8
3.9
10.3
7.1
11.3
11.6
15.4
26.0
5.8
37.0
14.8

6.5
4.9
39.2
6.9
5.9
5.5
4.1
14.0
36.4
2.6
6.4
18.5
4.9
0.4
12.0
7.7
7.3
9.9
8.6
2.5
4.9
6.4
2.8
3.5
9.1
4.8
12.0
11.5
17.1
-0.9
33.4
10.6

3.0
2.1
14.6
4.4
3.2
5.0
6.1
14.5
5.1
3.8
5.7
10.2
9.4
2.5
7.8
6.5
5.0
9.7
8.2
2.1
5.8
4.0
2.8
5.5
6.8
2.3
8.8
6.3
11.9
1.8
3.0
8.5

3.0
2.9
8.8
3.0
2.5
3.0
4.1
14.0
7.0
3.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
2.6
5.0
5.1
5.0
5.0
13.0
2.3
5.0
5.0
2.6
5.5
4.5
2.0
8.5
5.0
5.0
2.2
3.0
5.7

9.7
7.4
27.6
11.4
9.0
12.0
6.0
14.0
55.3
5.6
6.8
18.1
13.5
8.7
13.8
10.6
9.4
10.1
9.9
7.4
3.9
9.7
4.2
6.2
10.9
13.6
15.1
22.3
24.8
4.3
63.3
12.2

-9.0
2.4
31.2
4.8
3.4
5.5
5.7
14.0
3.1
1.1
6.0
14.6
8.5
-3.1
11.5
7.7
10.5
10.3
7.8
2.9
6.0
3.1
2.8
4.0
7.3
0.0
9.1
6.0
14.0
-0.3
2.9
9.0

3.0
1.9
15.0
4.0
3.0
5.0
4.9
15.0
9.5
4.0
5.5
9.2
7.0
2.9
7.2
5.9
4.5
8.8
8.3
2.2
5.5
5.0
2.8
5.7
6.2
2.0
8.5
5.0
10.0
2.2
2.2
8.0

5.8

1.4

3.4

4.7

7.1

11.5

7.2

6.2

4.5

9.5

6.8

5.6

7.7 8.4
8.5
7.2 8.0 14.3 11.0
7.4 3.4
4.8
5.3 8.2 13.1 7.8
4.4 4.1
4.4
7.3 7.0 10.3 10.6
-0.9 0.4
6.8
2.2 1.0 8.4 2.8
2.7 3.6
2.0
4.5 3.1 5.0 3.5
5.7 5.0
8.0
6.6 6.8 7.3 14.2
21.4 18.0 18.3 9.0 10.7 12.4 14.0
-8.6 113.6 -31.5 33.0 -72.7 156.2 9.0
11.2 6.6
5.9 5.9 6.0 8.1 4.8
2.3 2.9
2.4
2.4 2.9 3.4 1.7

9.0
6.9
4.9
2.1
3.4
10.8
10.2
12.0
4.2
2.0

5.5 14.9 10.0

5.3 12.9 7.4
5.0 13.5 6.5
2.5 7.2 2.1
3.0 4.1 3.5
5.7 12.5 12.3
5.0 16.6 12.0
4.0 218.7 0.8
3.3 6.7 4.3
3.0 2.2 1.8

8.0
6.4
5.0
2.4
3.4
9.2
8.0
8.7
3.9
2.6

9.0

5.7

9.2

67.9
8.9
19.6
6.1
4.4
12.6
60.0
-4.3
59.5
34.7

4.9
7.5
5.1
3.9
2.0
4.5
21.7
-37.2
25.9
3.1

8.3
11.7
4.6
3.1
2.7
-2.0
22.2
-34.4
18.6
5.2

18

World Economic Outlook October 2009, Sustaining the Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International
Monetary Fund, pp. 179-181.

259

4,5

1991- 2001
2000
4.5
107.9 7.4
3.8
5.8
20.0 9.2
2.5
1.6
5.5
23.7
26.1 5.5
101.1 34.5
91.8
75.9 54.2
20.3
21.5
17.1
3.1
1.5
61.1
4.7
8.4
6.9
9.8
6.2
38.6
11.6
11.9
27.3
8.1
2.8
5.6
9.2

4.4
3.0
15.4
10.3
-0.3
8.9
23.9

1.9
3.4
0.6
0.2
0.7
4.3
3.8
11.5
6.0
7.8
1.4
0.7
34.5
2.4
4.4
9.3
6.8
1.9
7.4
14.2
1.6
3.6
6.9
3.7
-0.3
3.8
-1.2
2.4
11.3

3.5
2.2
18.5
5.8
0.5

1.8
1.4
-0.4
-8.8
-0.8

7.2
3.5
9.0
13.2
3.0
29.1
3.5
7.0
24.1
9.2
9.1
9.5
8.7
3.5
10.4
9.7
4.5

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014
2008 2009 2010
0.3 0.5 0.3
3.6
6.1 1.5 7.4 0.9 1.6 2.5 3.8 0.8 1.8
5.8 2.3 6.1
6.0
7.4 7.6 12.0 2.7 1.6 3.4 7.2 1.5 1.7
1.7 1.8 2.0
3.3
3.2 2.9 6.1 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.8
3.6 1.3 3.0
4.1
4.4 6.6 10.4 0.0 -0.2 2.5 7.0 -1.5 0.0
5.3 4.6 6.8
3.6
3.9 7.9 6.1 4.5 4.1 3.0 3.5 6.1 2.4
1.6 3.3 6.2
6.9
6.6 10.1 15.3 3.1 -3.5 1.1 10.4 -1.7 -2.6
0.3 -1.1 1.2
2.7
3.8 5.8 11.1 3.5 -2.9 1.6 8.5 -0.3 -1.8
2.2 1.2 -0.4 0.5
3.2 2.3 8.3 -0.5 2.0 3.0 4.1 -1.0 2.0
19.7 7.5 3.1
3.4
2.1 3.5 9.0 3.4 2.1 3.1
1.9 0.8 3.5
2.1
1.0 2.5 4.2 3.4 2.6 2.5 3.3 3.0 2.9
22.5 15.3 11.9 9.0
6.6 4.8 7.8 5.5 3.6 3.5 6.3 4.3 3.0
19.5 11.7 10.1 17.3 12.7 6.5 11.7 9.9 7.3 4.7 8.6 10.0 7.0
45.1 25.3 8.6
8.2
9.6 8.8 10.4 6.2 6.8 4.0 10.1 5.8 6.3
14.0 12.3 10.4 12.1 9.4 9.7 15.6 11.8 9.4 6.9 14.0 10.7 8.6
15.8 13.7 10.9 12.7 9.7 9.0 14.1 12.3 9.9 7.5 13.3 11.0 9.0
9.2 8.6 9.1 10.7 8.8 11.5 19.6 10.6 8.0 5.6 15.7 9.8 7.4
1.1 4.7 7.0
0.6
2.9 4.4 9.0 3.0 3.2 4.0 5.2 4.5 3.0
2.8 2.2 6.7
9.7
8.4 16.6 20.8 2.2 5.3 6.0 15.4 4.5 6.0
42.6 28.4 18.1 10.3 7.0 8.4 14.8 13.0 8.3 6.0 13.3 11.0 8.0
5.6 4.8 5.7
8.3
9.2 9.2 10.0 1.2 3.0 5.0 5.5 3.0 3.0
5.9 6.4 6.9
7.6
8.6 10.8 17.2 7.5 6.6 6.0 9.5 7.1 6.3
2.1 3.1 4.1
4.3
5.6 10.2 24.5 8.0 6.7 4.5 20.1 5.0 7.0
5.3 11.7 12.5 11.9 12.7 12.4 12.7 1.4 7.7 4.0 7.3 5.0 5.0
0.9 5.1 7.9 12.5 4.5 8.2 26.8 8.5 7.9 5.3 23.2 8.5 6.0
12.2 16.4 7.2
7.3 10.0 13.2 20.4 8.0 10.9 6.5 11.8 11.8 10.0
8.8 5.6 5.9 10.7 8.2 6.3 14.5 0.4 3.5 4.5 8.9 4.1 2.8
0.7 5.2 9.0 13.5 9.1 12.8 25.2 16.3 10.3 5.0 22.3 14.0 9.0
27.3 11.6 6.6 10.0 14.2 12.3 12.7 12.5 9.5 8.0 14.4 10.2 9.0
2.1 2.6 4.1
3.8
4.2 5.4 7.5 3.0 3.4 2.8 5.9 3.5 3.1
5.1 24.1 13.2 12.3 5.1 13.0 26.8 -9.3 7.6 4.0 3.2 6.0 5.0
3.7 5.4 6.1
7.0
7.1 9.1 7.7 5.3 5.6 4.2 6.0 4.6 6.5
2.5 2.1 4.6
5.3
5.0 5.2 8.4 7.0 4.0 3.9 9.2 5.5 4.0
-2.3 0.3 0.9
1.1
0.2 0.3 2.7 1.2 1.2 1.2
3.3 -19.3 3.9
6.4
6.1 7.7 25.0 -0.6 4.1 3.1 12.5 5.0 4.6
-0.8 1.2 3.9
1.8
1.5 4.8 5.9 -0.1 0.6 1.9 2.8 0.8 0.6
0.8 4.2 2.8
2.4
2.5 4.8 7.8 5.0 7.0 2.0 6.6 9.5 2.0
4.3 3.8 3.8
4.2
6.2 6.4 8.3 8.7 8.4 4.0 9.7 8.9 7.4
11.8 6.8 6.1 10.5 13.1 6.0 9.8 5.0 6.2 4.2 11.1 4.0 6.0
3.2 1.6 -0.7 -0.4 -1.5 4.2 11.0 9.1 2.8 2.8 18.6 2.8 2.8
10.6 15.5 10.5 7.2
6.8 4.5 7.6 0.2 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.3
1.8 1.1 1.4
3.0
3.6 2.0 5.4 -0.1 1.2 2.5 4.3 1.2 1.2
0.9 -2.8 6.3
2.5
3.6 7.6 11.9 5.5 4.5 3.0 8.6 6.7 4.7
58.1 24.9 3.8 10.7 26.3 32.9 22.5 6.9 4.7 6.0 9.2 4.5 5.0
2.9 4.7 4.0
4.5
8.0 6.4 7.7 13.2 11.8 5.0 12.1 11.4 12.0
2.5 3.1 4.6
9.3
7.9 7.8 12.0 20.8 10.0 6.0 21.5 13.1 9.0
11.8 14.7 2.1
1.8
2.4 0.9 10.7 8.2 5.0 3.7 11.2 5.3 4.8
3.0 3.5 6.0
7.7
6.2 2.8 9.3 2.8 4.0 4.5 8.0 2.5 4.3
7.4 4.3 7.8
7.8
3.2 4.5 6.2 14.2 6.5 4.0 8.8 9.2 6.0
9.5 10.5 6.9
7.1 11.1 7.7 17.2 8.0 7.0 5.9 17.5 5.5 8.4
9.6 9.0 9.0 11.0 10.0 15.8 22.6 4.6 13.0 7.0 14.4 8.0 10.7
0.7 1.8 2.8
4.5
4.6 2.2 5.5 -1.2 2.1 1.8 0.4 2.4 1.2
4.7 7.2 3.2
1.8
4.1 8.9 7.6 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.7 4.0 4.0
10.4 11.1 11.7 9.7
7.0 5.1 14.5 12.3 6.1 4.2 6.0 6.0 6.0
2.0 3.0 1.4
1.2
2.0 3.9 4.8 4.3 3.0 3.0 5.8 3.5 3.0
4.1 3.3 7.9
8.4
7.5 8.3 23.1 7.0 11.0 5.0 19.9 7.0 10.0
5.3 6.1 7.1
7.2
8.3 11.2 15.0 8.3 6.6 5.6 13.7 6.8 6.6
-0.5 1.7 2.2
2.6
2.0 3.3 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 5.1 3.0 2.5
2.4 3.2 8.1
8.8
4.2 11.0 11.7 16.2 8.5 6.5 20.2 10.0 8.0
15.7 15.6 15.3 10.4 11.9 18.4 25.4 12.0 10.0 10.0 17.8 10.0 10.0
37.0 53.2 30.8 2.7 6.9 6.0 4.0 6.8 6.0 6.0
1.8 1.6 3.4
3.5
6.3 5.4 14.9 0.2 4.0 1.7 9.6 3.5 3.3
0.8 1.0 1.3
4.1
3.1 5.5 10.5 4.6 4.4 3.0 10.5 4.6 4.4
1.8 1.3 1.7 -0.7 5.6 4.1 10.8 2.5 3.5 2.0 6.4 2.9 3.0
-9.9 -2.1 1.0
2.9
1.4 6.2 10.4 5.0 4.5 3.0 10.4 5.0 4.5
-0.3 0.2 0.7
1.9
3.4 5.9 12.6 3.3 3.0 2.0 7.7 3.1 2.9

260

3
4

1991- 2001 2002

2000
2.7
1.4 0.2
0.8
-1.1 0.2
5.6
3.4 -0.5

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014

2008 2009 2010
2.3 6.8
8.8 11.8 13.8 15.0 0.0 4.0 3.0 15.0 0.0 4.0
0.6 0.4
0.6
2.3 4.1 9.9 4.5 4.0 3.0 7.8 3.7 3.5
5.8 4.4
7.2 10.4 4.7 15.2 7.5 6.0 5.0 15.4 7.5 6.0

3.6

2.7

2.9

3.2

5.0

6.2

9.3

11.1 12.3

2.5

3.3

3.9

34.6
64.8
2.7
15.7
2.5
2.9
1.8
9.1
204.4
9.4
20.0
15.9
2.1
10.4
42.5
7.9
2.2
11.5
16.6
19.7
18.2
24.9
18.3
19.2
1.2
13.4
38.0
3.3
3.2
2.5
75.5
5.2
35.2
43.3

11.9
6.5
1.7
-1.1
2.0
2.6
1.2
1.6
6.8
3.6
8.0
11.3
1.6
8.9
37.7
3.8
1.7
7.3
2.6
16.5
9.7
6.9
6.4
4.7
0.3
7.3
2.0
2.1
5.4
0.8
39.8
5.5
4.4
12.5

12.2
8.6
2.4
25.9
2.2
-1.2
2.2
0.9
8.4
2.5
6.3
9.2
0.1
5.2
12.6
1.9
1.1
8.1
5.4
9.3
7.7
7.0
5.0
4.0
1.0
10.5
0.2
2.1
-0.3
1.3
15.5
4.2
14.0
22.4

10.8
10.4
2.0
13.4
3.0
1.6
2.6
3.3
14.8
2.8
7.1
9.4
1.6
27.4
7.9
2.1
2.2
5.6
6.0
26.7
7.7
10.1
4.5
6.5
0.6
14.2
2.3
2.3
1.0
0.2
23.0
3.8
19.4
31.1

12.5
6.6
2.0
4.4
1.0
1.4
3.1
4.4
6.6
1.1
5.9
12.3
2.4
51.5
2.7
4.5
2.3
7.6
4.7
28.3
8.1
13.5
4.7
8.5
0.5
4.3
3.7
2.2
1.5
3.0
9.1
3.7
9.2
21.7

9.9
6.3
2.1
9.6
2.2
6.1
3.7
5.4
6.9
3.1
5.0
13.8
1.6
4.2
2.1
4.7
3.5
9.1
6.9
16.8
8.8
15.1
4.0
9.6
2.9
6.8
1.6
3.4
3.9
3.7
9.9
6.9
4.7
16.0

10.8 7.9 19.0 8.4

5.3 5.4 7.9 6.1
1.8 1.4 5.3 -0.8
10.9 8.8 8.6 5.6
1.8 2.5 4.5 1.8
7.3 4.0 8.1 3.5
4.2 2.3 6.4 2.7
4.3 8.7 14.0 4.3
4.2 3.6 5.7 4.8
3.4 4.4 8.7 2.0
4.3 5.5 7.0 4.6
11.5 9.4 13.4 8.4
2.6 3.2 6.3 1.8
7.6 6.1 10.6 0.9
3.3 2.3 8.4 5.0
4.0 4.6 7.3 1.0
4.2 3.9 8.0 1.4
6.6 6.8 11.4 2.2
6.7 12.2 8.1 2.9
14.2 9.0 14.4 3.5
5.6 6.9 11.4 5.9
8.5 9.3 22.0 9.4
3.6 4.0 5.1 5.4
9.1 11.1 19.9 4.3
2.5 4.2 8.8 2.3
9.6 8.1 10.2 2.8
2.0 1.8 5.8 3.2
8.5 4.5 5.4 3.4
4.1 2.2 7.2 2.2
3.0 6.9 10.1 4.2
11.3 6.4 14.6 7.5
8.3 7.9 12.1 7.2
6.4 8.1 7.9 7.5
13.7 18.7 30.4 29.5

8.9
5.2
2.5
5.0
0.6
5.2
1.8
4.5
4.1
2.3
3.8
5.0
1.6
5.4
3.0
1.8
3.2
3.9
3.5
3.9
6.0
8.7
3.5
4.2
2.6
3.6
2.0
2.1
2.8
2.9
6.0
5.0
7.4
30.0

8.4
5.2
2.5
5.0
1.5
2.1
2.5
3.5
4.5
3.0
3.1
4.2
1.5
3.0
2.5
2.8
2.0
4.0
5.0
5.7
5.8
6.2
3.0
6.5
2.5
3.1
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.9
7.5
5.0
5.0
33.8

10.8
8.1
0.7
7.2
4.5
7.2
4.4
11.8
5.9
7.6
7.7
13.9
1.9
4.5
8.8
5.5
5.2
9.4
6.4
19.8
10.8
16.8
6.5
13.8
6.8
7.5
6.7
7.6
3.8
8.7
9.3
14.5
9.2
30.9

6.1
5.1
-1.4
5.0
1.0
3.2
1.0
3.0
4.2
-0.5
3.8
5.0
1.8
5.0
3.0
1.0
1.7
1.5
3.3
-4.0
4.5
8.7
4.3
2.5
2.6
2.5
1.2
2.0
3.1
2.9
5.5
4.0
7.5
28.0

11.7
5.3
2.5
5.0
0.2
7.2
2.5
4.0
4.4
2.5
3.6
5.0
1.5
5.0
2.5
2.5
1.8
3.8
4.0
5.0
6.0
8.7
3.2
4.0
2.5
5.0
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.9
4.3
6.0
6.5
32.0

,
,
,
:
:
: 2002 18
, (- -):
- ` :

: (, CPI) :
, , :

261

 4.14
:
19, 1
( )

1991- 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

2000

24.6 10.9 9.1

16.3 4.2
1.4

549.4 152.6 108.9

7.6
4.0
2.4

10.6 6.6
8.0

4.4
4.7
2.3

15.2 9.3
-1.3
2
4.9
2.8
6.3

5.9
3.7
1.9

3.9
3.8
2.3

4.5 12.4 5.2

3.9
5.6
3.6
.
977.6 357.3 25.3

7.3
0.8
3.0

6.0
4.4
3.1

3.6
1.8
0.6
6.5
8.8
7.6

14.6 16.9

7.2
-5.2 -7.2

4.0
2.1
0.2

4.2
4.5
8.6

25.6 32.9 14.8

7.3
6.8
5.4

32.8 3.3
-2.2

15.9 5.8
2.0

10.5 6.9 12.5

12.1 14.2

16.2 6.9 16.2

30.9 27.2 17.4

3.6
5.2
4.9

5.1
7.7
5.4

7.5
5.4
6.5

4.0
0.6
2.8

28.7 9.1 16.8

9.9
9.3 11.3

5.0
4.0
2.7

28.5 18.0 13.7

16.3 3.4
2.0

35.8 9.5
9.2

4.1
3.0
2.3

2.3
6.0
0.2

32.2 2.6
-3.7

9.0
5.7
9.2

67.9 4.9
8.3

8.9
7.5 11.7

19.6 5.1
4.6

6.1
3.9
3.1

4.4
2.0
2.7

12.6 4.5
-2.0

60.0 21.7 22.2

3
31.7 73.4 133.2

8.7
2.6
98.3
1.5
9.2
2.0
10.7
0.6
1.2

6.6
3.6
43.6
0.9
7.0
-0.4
8.0
0.3
-1.9

7.1
1.6
23.0
5.4
8.6
6.4
13.4
2.0
0.4

6.3
2.5
13.3
3.8
11.6
2.4
2.8
4.9
4.8

6.3
3.6
12.2
1.3
7.1
-0.2
8.3
1.1
4.4

10.1
4.5
12.5
8.0
12.6
10.7
24.4
5.3
6.8

9.0
4.6
12.1
4.0
8.1
4.7
10.9
2.3
3.5

6.3
3.4
8.9
2.8
5.2
2.3
7.5
2.0
2.7

4.8
3.0
0.0
2.8
4.0
2.0
5.0
2.0
2.0

2008 2009 2010
11.6 7.0
5.6
5.8
3.5
3.3
13.2 10.0 8.0
9.9
3.5
3.3
13.7 5.7
4.8
11.6 3.3
2.0
25.7 7.8
7.3
5.3
-0.1
2.0
6.7
3.3
2.7

4.4

-2.2

2.9

6.7

0.9

9.3

5.2

2.6

2.5

13.0

3.8

1.5

-1.8
3.7

-4.8
4.5

3.7
3.0

7.7
3.4

-7.4
4.5

8.3
4.8

3.0
4.9

3.0
2.4

3.0
3.0

9.7
7.4

3.0
2.3

3.0
2.5

12.8

4.0

21.4

13.2

16.7

18.0 33.9 19.9 8.7

27.6

24.8

15.0

1.7

3.7

2.5

4.7

2.6

6.0

9.5

5.1

3.0

11.4

6.4

3.8

3.3
2.0
7.3
22.7
15.1
2.1
17.0
26.7
3.0
-3.5
9.8
7.3
10.3
-1.1
9.6
-1.2
5.3
3.9
1.2
13.5
7.2
-1.8
14.0
7.4
9.6
0.0
3.3
7.5

1.5
3.9
3.1
3.1
4.2
5.7
25.1 12.5
8.6
6.8
0.4
1.2
14.3 5.0
12.6 15.1
11.0 17.5
0.8
5.6
11.6 10.3
5.0
3.4
3.6
6.9
14.0 18.4
11.4 15.5
-3.1 6.4
10.4 12.1
4.7
4.9
1.5
1.0
12.6 6.4
4.1
2.3
0.4
7.8
15.0 17.8
12.0 9.0
12.8 17.2
0.5
1.7
3.9
0.6
14.2 12.1

2.5
3.5
4.5
15.1
12.3
-1.4
2.1
10.2
31.4
-0.1
14.5
6.1
7.2
10.8
13.9
1.5
6.2
8.9
3.3
13.2
5.1
0.1
8.3
8.9
23.1
2.1
-1.9
9.5

1.9
5.0
2.8
9.3
15.8
5.0
5.4
10.7
34.7
4.6
9.8
8.0
11.4
10.4
7.9
1.5
7.3
9.1
2.0
8.2
6.7
0.1
5.5
9.1
18.5
5.9
5.3
11.7

6.3
12.0
5.9
11.0
25.3
5.3
4.5
16.5
22.9
10.4
13.1
10.7
17.5
9.2
8.7
9.1
7.3
8.8
3.9
10.3
10.3
11.3
11.2
15.4
26.0
5.8
37.0
14.8

5.9
5.5
4.1
10.5
42.2
2.6
6.4
14.6
18.4
3.6
8.3
6.6
2.0
9.4
10.1
2.5
4.9
7.3
3.0
5.4
9.1
5.0
14.2
11.5
17.5
1.1
39.2
10.6

3.2
5.0
6.1
9.7
13.3
3.0
5.7
7.6
5.9
3.6
5.0
6.1
4.5
8.1
8.0
2.8
5.8
5.1
2.8
5.2
6.3
2.3
10.1
6.3
12.8
2.2
17.9
8.9

2.5
3.0
4.1
8.5
9.1
2.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
2.6
5.0
5.6
5.0
5.0
6.2
2.8
5.0
6.0
2.6
5.3
5.0
2.0
8.5
5.0
5.0
2.2
3.0
7.4

9.0
12.0
6.0
11.0
55.3
5.6
6.8
18.1
12.8
8.7
13.8
10.6
9.4
10.1
9.9
7.4
3.9
9.7
4.2
6.2
10.9
13.6
15.1
22.3
24.8
4.3
63.3
12.2

3.4
5.5
5.7
10.0
15.7
0.5
6.0
11.0
13.5
2.1
6.0
6.4
4.0
8.7
9.2
2.9
6.0
5.0
3.0
5.4
7.3
2.0
11.9
6.0
16.0
2.2
16.3
9.0

3.0
5.0
4.9
9.5
12.1
3.0
5.5
8.0
10.3
2.9
5.0
5.2
5.0
7.4
7.8
2.9
5.5
5.2
2.8
5.3
5.3
2.0
8.5
5.0
10.0
2.2
11.5
8.7

5.8

1.4

4.7

7.1

11.5 6.1

5.6

5.1

9.5

5.9

4.7

14.3
13.1
10.3
8.4
5.0
7.3
12.4

8.0
6.7
5.7
2.1
3.4
7.4
8.3

5.5
5.5
5.0
2.5
3.0
5.8
5.0

14.9
12.9
13.5
7.2
4.1
12.5
16.6

8.5
7.3
6.7
2.0
3.2
10.3
10.0

7.5
6.2
5.0
2.5
3.4
6.2
7.0

3.4

2006

2007

2008 2009 2010 2014

7.7
8.4
8.5
7.2
8.0
7.4
3.4
4.8
5.3
8.2
4.4
4.1
4.4
7.3
7.0
-0.9
0.4
6.8
2.2
1.0
2.7
3.6
2.0
4.5
3.1
5.7
5.0
8.0
6.6
6.8
21.4 18.0 18.3
9.0
10.7
365.0 350.0 237.8 1,016.7 10,452.6

19

9.0
7.9
10.9
2.8
3.2
13.7
12.2

World Economic Outlook April 2009, Crisis and Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary
Fund, p. 199-202.

262


1991- 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2000

4,5

59.4

2006

2007

2008 2009 2010 2014

2008 2009 2010

24.4

18.9

11.3

6.6

5.6

5.7

6.1

8.0

4.6

4.2

3.3

6.8

4.1

4.0

3.1
4.5
107.9 7.4
3.8
5.8
20.0 9.2
2.5
1.6
5.5
23.7
26.1 5.5
101.1 34.5
91.8
75.9 54.2
20.3
21.5

5.2
0.3
5.8
1.7
3.6
5.3
1.6
0.3
2.2
19.7
1.9
22.5
19.5
45.1
14.0
15.8

2.3
0.5
2.3
1.8
1.3
4.6
3.3
-1.1
1.2
7.5
0.8
15.3
11.7
25.3
12.3
13.7

2.9 2.4
0.3
3.6
6.1
6.0
2.0 3.3
3.0 4.1
6.8
3.6
6.2 6.9
1.2 2.7
-0.4 0.5
3.1 3.4
3.5 2.1
11.9 9.0
10.1 17.3
8.6 8.2
10.4 12.1
10.9 12.7

2.4
6.1
7.4
3.2
4.4
3.9
6.6
3.8
3.2
2.1
1.0
6.6
12.7
9.6
9.4
9.7

2.9
1.5
7.6
2.9
6.6
7.9
10.1
5.8
2.3
3.5
2.5
4.8
6.5
8.8
9.7
9.0

3.4
7.4
12.0
6.1
10.4
6.1
15.3
11.1
8.3
9.0
4.2
7.8
11.7
10.4
15.6
14.1

1.5 2.2
2.1 2.3
3.7 1.3
2.5 2.8
0.8 -1.3
3.8 2.8
3.3 -3.5
5.1 0.6
1.0 3.0
1.7 -0.2
2.1 2.6
5.9 3.9
10.0 8.2
6.9 6.8
12.6 9.5
12.9 9.9

3.0
2.5
3.4
3.0
2.5
3.0
2.9
1.1
3.0
2.1
2.5
3.5
4.7
4.0
6.9
7.4

2.2
3.8
7.2
5.8
7.0
3.5
10.4
8.5
4.1

1.5
2.0
2.0
3.0
-0.5
4.2
-1.0
1.5
1.0

2.4
2.5
0.7
2.8
-1.0
2.8
-2.6
-0.3
3.0

3.3
6.3
2.2
10.1
14.0
13.3

1.8
4.5
1.5
6.5
11.1
11.0

2.8
3.5
2.4
6.5
8.5
9.0

17.1

9.2

8.6

9.1

10.6

8.8

11.5

19.6 11.9

5.8

15.8

11.4

7.3

3.1
1.5
61.1
4.7
8.4
6.9
9.8
6.2
38.6
11.6
12.0
27.3

1.1
2.8
42.6
5.6
5.9
2.1
5.3
0.9
12.2
8.8
0.8
27.3

4.7
2.2
28.4
4.8
6.4
3.1
11.7
5.1
16.4
5.6
5.2
11.6

7.0
6.7
18.1
5.7
6.9
4.1
12.5
7.9
7.2
5.9
9.0
6.6

0.6
9.7
10.3
8.3
7.6
4.3
11.9
12.5
7.3
10.7
13.4
10.0

2.9
8.4
7.0
9.2
8.6
5.6
12.7
4.5
10.0
8.2
9.0
14.2

4.4
16.6
8.4
9.2
10.8
10.2
12.4
8.2
13.2
6.3
12.8
12.3

9.0
20.8
14.8
10.0
17.2
24.5
12.7
26.8
20.4
15.0
25.2
12.7

3.6 7.2 4.0

4.0 7.0 6.0
12.6 6.0 6.8
5.0 6.5 6.0
9.5 8.7 6.0
12.4 8.6 4.7
2.6 4.7 4.0
10.1 7.9 5.0
11.9 11.5 6.5
10.0 8.0 6.0
16.8 10.0 5.0
12.5 9.5 8.0

5.2
15.4
13.3
5.5
9.5
20.1
7.3
23.2
11.8
12.0
22.3
14.4

8.0
7.0
9.5
7.0
11.0
10.0
4.0
9.6
13.0
9.0
15.0
10.2

4.0
7.0
6.8
6.0
6.5
8.2
5.0
7.0
10.0
7.0
8.0
9.0

8.2

2.8

2.1

2.6

4.1

3.8

4.2

5.4

7.4

2.8

2.8

5.8

2.7

2.3

5.6
9.2

1.9
3.4
0.6
0.2
0.7
4.3
3.8
11.5
6.0
7.8
1.4
0.7
34.5
2.4
4.4
9.3
6.8
1.9
7.4
14.2
1.7
3.6
6.9
3.7
-0.3
3.8
-1.2
2.4
11.3

5.1
3.7
2.5
-2.3
3.3
-0.8
0.8
4.3
11.8
3.2
10.6
1.8
0.9
58.1
2.9
2.5
11.8
2.9
7.4
9.5
9.6
0.6
4.7
10.4
2.0
4.1
5.3
-0.5
2.4
15.7

24.1
5.4
2.1
0.3
1.2
1.2
4.2
3.8
6.8
1.6
15.5
1.1
-2.8
24.9
4.7
3.1
14.7
3.5
4.3
10.5
9.0
1.8
7.2
11.1
3.0
3.3
6.1
1.7
3.2
15.6

13.2
6.1
4.6
0.9
3.9
3.9
2.8
3.8
6.1
-0.7
10.5
1.4
6.3
3.8
4.0
4.6
2.1
6.0
7.9
6.9
9.0
2.8
3.2
11.7
1.4
7.9
7.1
2.2
8.1
15.3

12.3
7.0
5.3
1.1
5.8
1.8
2.4
4.2
10.5
-0.4
7.2
3.0
3.3
10.7
4.5
9.3
1.8
7.7
1.9
7.1
11.0
4.5
1.8
9.7
1.2
8.4
6.2
2.6
8.8
10.4
37.0

5.1
7.1
5.0
0.2
4.7
1.5
2.5
6.2
13.1
-1.5
6.8
3.6
3.5
26.3
8.0
7.9
2.4
6.2
3.8
11.1
10.0
4.6
4.1
7.0
2.0
7.5
6.8
2.0
4.2
11.9
53.2

13.0
9.1
5.2
0.3
5.9
4.8
4.8
6.4
6.0
4.2
4.5
2.0
7.4
32.9
6.4
7.8
0.9
2.8
6.0
7.7
15.8
2.2
8.9
5.1
3.9
8.3
10.5
3.3
11.0
18.4
30.8

27.2
8.4
7.7
2.7
19.7
5.9
8.0
8.3
9.8
11.0
7.6
5.4
12.3
26.4
7.7
12.0
10.7
9.3
7.1
18.2
22.6
5.5
7.6
14.5
4.8
23.1
15.6
3.5
11.7
26.0
3.5

5.5 5.4 5.0

6.4 6.1 4.2
5.0 4.0 3.9
1.2 1.2 1.2
5.2 1.4 3.5
0.1 0.7 1.9
4.0 4.0 4.0
6.3 4.0 4.0
6.1 5.9 3.1
9.1 2.8 2.8
0.2 2.6 4.0
0.9 2.5 2.5
3.7 5.5 5.5
22.0 20.0 20.0
11.1 2.3 4.0
20.0 6.0 6.0
8.2 5.0 3.7
3.4 4.5 4.5
5.1 4.3 3.0
10.5 3.3 7.2
6.1 12.6 7.0
0.5 3.4 1.8
4.0 4.0 4.0
12.3 6.1 4.2
4.3 3.0 3.0
6.0 5.0 5.0
11.0 8.5 5.8
3.0 2.5 2.0
16.5 8.6 6.5
18.0 15.0 10.0
13.8 8.0 4.0

8.5
7.2
6.4

6.0
5.7
4.5

5.0
6.5
4.0

13.5
2.5
6.6
9.7
11.1
18.6
3.2
4.3
9.1
24.0
12.1
21.5
11.2
8.0
6.0
23.0
14.4
0.4
5.7
6.0
5.8
19.9
15.5
5.1
20.2
23.0
6.8

3.5
0.8
4.0
4.3
5.5
2.8
3.0
1.2
4.6
20.0
4.6
10.0
5.3
3.0
4.7
0.9
8.4
6.5
4.0
6.0
3.5
5.0
9.5
3.0
10.0
15.0
9.0

3.5
0.7
4.0
4.1
4.7
2.8
2.5
2.5
6.2
20.0
4.5
6.5
4.8
4.5
4.3
7.3
12.0
1.4
4.0
6.0
3.0
5.0
8.7
2.5
8.0
15.0
8.0

34.7

7.2
3.5
9.0
13.2
3.0
29.1
3.5
6.7
24.1
9.2
9.1
9.5
8.7
3.5
10.4
9.7
4.5
4.4
3.0
15.4
10.3
0.9
8.9
23.9

263

8.5

2.4


1991- 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
2000

3.5
1.8

2.2
1.4

18.5 -0.4

5.8
-8.8

0.5
-0.8

2.7
1.4

0.8
-1.1

5.6
3.4

3.6
2.7

34.4 11.9
64.8 6.5

2.7
1.7

15.7 -1.1

2.5
2.0

2.9
2.6

1.8
1.2

9.1
1.6

204.4 6.8

9.4
3.6

20.0 8.0

15.9 11.3

2.1
1.6

10.4 8.9

42.5 37.7

7.9
3.8

2.4
1.7

11.5 7.3

16.6 2.7

19.7 16.5

18.2 9.7

24.9 6.9

18.3 6.4

19.2 4.7

1.2
0.3

13.4 7.3

38.1 2.0

3.3
2.1

3.2
5.4
2.5
0.8

75.5 39.8

5.2
5.5

35.2 4.4

43.3 12.5
1

1.8
0.8
1.8
-9.9
-0.3
0.2
0.2
-0.5

1.6
1.0
1.3
-2.1
0.2
2.3
0.6
5.8

3.4
1.3
1.7
1.0
0.7
6.8
0.4
4.4

3.5
4.1
-0.7
2.9
1.9
8.8
0.6
7.2

2006

2007

2008 2009 2010 2014

6.3
3.1
5.6
1.4
3.4
11.8
2.3
10.4

5.4
5.5
4.1
6.2
5.9
13.8
4.1
4.7

14.9
10.5
10.8
10.4
12.6
15.0
9.9
14.5

4.0
6.0
3.6
6.5
6.2
9.0
5.5
7.5

3.6
4.8
2.1
4.5
6.0
8.4
4.5
6.0

1.8
3.4
2.2
2.5
4.5
3.0
3.0
5.0

3.1

4.1

2.9

3.2

5.0

6.2

9.3

11.1

11.5 2.0

12.2
8.6
2.4
25.9
2.2
-1.2
2.2
0.9
8.4
2.5
6.3
9.2
0.1

10.8
10.4
2.0
13.4
3.0
1.6
2.6
3.3
14.8
2.8
7.1
9.4
1.6

12.5
6.6
2.0
4.4
1.0
1.4
3.1
4.4
6.6
1.1
5.9
12.3
2.4

9.9
6.3
2.1
9.6
2.2
6.1
3.7
5.4
6.9
3.1
5.0
13.8
1.6

10.8
5.3
1.8
10.9
1.8
7.3
4.2
4.3
4.2
3.4
4.3
11.5
2.6

7.9
5.4
1.4
8.8
2.5
4.0
2.3
8.7
3.6
4.4
5.5
9.4
3.2

19.0
7.9
5.6
8.6
4.5
8.3
6.4
14.0
5.7
8.7
7.0
13.4
6.9

5.2

27.4

51.5

4.2

7.6

6.1

10.6 1.7

12.6
1.9
1.1
8.1
5.4
9.3
7.7
7.0
5.0
4.0
1.0
10.5
0.2
2.1
-0.3
0.8
15.5
4.2
14.0
22.4

7.9
2.1
2.2
5.6
6.0
26.7
7.7
10.1
4.5
6.5
0.6
14.2
2.3
2.3
1.0
0.2
23.0
3.8
19.4
31.1

2.7
2.1
4.5
4.7
2.3
3.5
7.6
9.1
4.7
6.9
28.3 16.8
8.1
8.8
13.5 15.1
4.7
4.0
8.5
9.6
0.5
2.9
4.3
6.8
3.3
1.6
2.2
3.4
1.5
3.9
3.0
3.7
9.1
9.9
3.7
6.9
9.2
4.7
21.7 16.0

3.3
4.0
4.2
6.6
6.7
14.2
5.6
8.5
3.6
9.1
2.5
9.6
2.0
8.5
2.4
3.0
11.3
8.3
6.4
13.7

2.3
4.6
3.9
6.8
12.2
9.0
6.9
9.3
4.0
11.1
4.2
8.1
1.8
4.5
2.2
6.9
6.4
7.9
8.1
18.7

8.4
7.3
8.0
11.4
8.1
14.4
11.4
22.0
5.1
19.9
8.8
10.2
5.8
5.4
7.2
10.1
14.6
12.1
7.9
30.4

12.0 13.3 8.3

6.6 6.2 6.3
2.1 2.0 2.0
6.7 7.3 7.2
1.8 0.6 1.5
1.4 1.9 2.8
3.5 2.5 2.5
6.5 6.1 4.0
4.8 4.0 4.5
2.9 3.5 3.0
5.4 4.0 3.2
10.0 7.5 4.0
4.8 1.5 1.5

2008 2009 2010
9.6
5.0
2.7
10.5 6.0
4.8
6.4
3.9
2.9
10.4 6.5
4.5
9.2
6.1
5.7
15.0 9.0
8.4
7.8
4.8
4.0
12.0 7.5
6.0

10.8
8.1
2.3
7.2
4.5
8.9
4.4
11.8
5.9
6.9
7.7
13.9
6.7

13.2
6.2
1.8
7.2
1.0
-3.6
2.5
6.0
4.2
2.2
4.6
8.0
3.5

13.4
6.1
2.0
7.2
0.2
7.6
2.5
5.5
4.0
3.0
3.6
7.0
1.5

5.8

5.1

4.5

6.0

5.0

4.0 3.0
1.8 2.4
2.3 2.9
4.8 5.7
3.6 5.0
7.1 8.3
9.5 8.6
9.1 9.5
4.8 3.4
7.5 7.2
3.7 2.9
4.7 5.6
4.1 2.5
4.2 2.8
2.2 2.8
4.2 2.9
4.8 8.7
7.3 5.0
7.0 6.7
36.4 43.5

2.5
2.8
2.0
4.1
5.0
5.0
5.8
6.2
3.0
7.4
2.5
3.0
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.9
5.5
5.0
5.0
55.5

8.8
5.5
5.2
9.4
6.4
20.8
10.8
16.8
6.5
13.8
6.8
7.5
6.7
7.6
3.8
8.7
9.3
14.5
9.2
30.9

2.0
2.5
2.1
5.5
5.0
3.0
9.4
8.9
3.5
7.0
3.2
5.5
2.5
3.5
3.1
2.9
9.5
5.0
6.4
42.0

2.5
2.3
2.2
4.7
5.0
5.0
8.1
8.9
3.1
7.4
2.5
5.0
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.9
8.0
5.0
6.5
45.0

,
,
,
:
:
: 2002 18
, (-
-):
2007 : 2008 ,
, :
, :

: (, CPI) :
, , :

264

 4.15
. 20, 1
( %)

1993-2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014

- 2
2

2
-
2




- 2
2


3

- 2
2,4

- 2
2,4

- 2
2,4

- 2
2

2
-
2

-2.7
-0.4
-2.3

-4.7
-1.1
-3.3

-4.1
-0.3
-2.9

-3.3
0.0
-2.5

-2.3
0.5
-2.0

-2.2
0.7
-1.7

-4.6 -10.1 -9.0

-0.6 - 4.6 -4.1
-3.3 -5.2 -5.4

-1.6
-0.6
-1.0
45.9
64.4

-4.8
-1.2
-2.4
40.8
60.2

-4.3
0.1
-2.2
42.4
61.2

-3.2
0.8
-1.7
42.7
61.4

-2.2
0.9
-1.4
41.8
60.9

-2.8
0.7
-1.4
42.3
61.9

-5.9
-0.8
-3.4
47.9
70.4

-12.5
-4.5
-5.1
58.2
84.8

-10.0
-3.9
-5.3
66.8
93.6

-6.7
0.0
-3.1
84.9
108.2

-2.9
-0.2
-2.7
59.4
68.6

-3.0
-0.8
-2.8
59.7
68.7

-2.9
-0.6
-2.7
60.3
69.1

-2.5
-0.6
-2.6
60.5
69.6

-1.2
0.7
-2.0
58.6
67.8

-0.6
1.8
-1.8
56.2
65.7

-1.8
1.2
-2.5
59.0
69.2

-6.2
-2.9
-4.0
68.6
80.0

-6.6
-3.1
-4.2
74.6
86.3

-3.5
0.0
-3.2
83.7
95.6

-2.4
0.0
-2.0
48.9
56.1

-4.0
-1.7
-3.2
57.7
62.8

-3.8
-1.9
-2.8
60.0
64.7

-3.3
-2.3
-2.3
61.8
66.4

-1.5
-0.4
-1.4
60.1
65.9

-0.5
0.9
-0.7
56.9
63.4

-0.1
1.0
-0.6
60.5
67.1

-4.2
-3.6
-2.2
70.3
78.7

-4.6 0.0
-3.3 0.0
-2.7 0.0
76.2 81.6
84.5 89.3

-3.5
-0.2
-3.3
46.6
56.0

-4.1
0.1
-4.0
53.2
62.9

-3.6
0.4
-3.6
55.3
65.0

-2.9
0.3
-3.4
56.7
66.4

-2.3
0.8
-2.6
53.9
63.6

-2.7
1.0
-3.1
54.1
63.8

-3.4
0.0
-3.3
57.8
67.5

-7.0
-3.2
-4.0
67.0
76.7

-7.1
-3.2
-4.1
72.9
82.6

-4.7
-0.3
-4.8
111.1
115.0

-3.5
-0.3
-3.5
102.5
104.4

-3.5 -4.3
0.0 -0.4
-3.8 -4.3
102.0 103.8
103.8 105.8

-5.5

-8.0

-6.2

-5.0

-4.0

-2.5

-5.8 -10.5 -10.2 -8.0

-6.8

-8.1

-6.6

-5.4

-4.1

-2.4

-4.8

-9.1

-8.9

-6.6

-0.8
-5.2

-2.2
-7.1

-1.1
-5.7

-0.8
-4.7

-0.4
-3.8

0.2
-2.6

-1.7
-5.2

-7.0
-7.6

-5.5
-8.0

-0.4
-8.0

-6.8

-7.6

-6.4

-5.2

-4.0

-2.4

-4.5

-7.6

-7.7

-6.6

-3.3 -1.5 -2.7 -5.6

0.8 1.6 -0.1 -3.4
-3.8 -2.4 -2.7 -3.7
104.4 101.3 103.6 112.8
106.5 103.5 105.7 115.8

-5.7
0.0
-3.9

-4.7
0.3
-4.7
82.9
92.6

-5.6 -5.3
-3.5 0.0
-3.8 -5.3
117.0 125.7
120.1 128.5

42.7
117.2

76.5 82.7 84.6 84.3 80.4 88.1 104.6 115.0 143.5

167.2 178.1 191.6 191.3 187.7 196.6 218.6 227.0 245.6

-2.5
-0.3
-2.2
37.6
43.1

-3.3
-0.4
-2.8
33.7
38.5

20

-3.3
0.1
-3.3
35.5
40.2

-3.3
-0.3
-3.0
37.3
42.1

-2.6
0.0
-2.6
38.0
43.2

-2.6
0.4
-2.9
38.3
44.1

-5.1
-0.1
-5.5
45.6
52.0

-11.6
-4.9
-9.0
62.1
68.7

-13.2
-4.7
-9.6
75.1
81.7

-6.8
0.0
-6.2
91.8
98.3

World Economic Outlook October 2009, Sustaining the Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International
Monetary Fund, p. 183.

265

1993-2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014

- 2
2

-1.8
0.0
-1.6
58.7
92.6

-0.1 0.9 1.5 1.6 1.6 0.1

-0.7 -0.1 0.5 1.0 1.2 -0.5
0.3 0.9 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.4
38.7 35.2 30.6 26.5 23.5 22.2
76.6 72.6 71.0 68.0 64.2 62.7

-4.9
-4.6
-2.2
28.2
78.2

-4.1 0.0
-4.1 0.0
-1.6 0.0
31.3 29.4
79.3 68.9

.
1-:
1
. :
2
() - :
3
1995 , (
) . - 8%-
- 1% :
4
( - 2.5% (2000.,
), - 0.1% (2001 2002., ), - 1.2% (2000., )):
( 2005. - 0.5%-):

4.16
. 21, 1
( %)

1993-2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014

- 2
2

- 2
2




- 2
2


3

2
-
2,4

- 2
2,4

- 2
2,4

-2.7
0.2
-2.5

-4.8
-0.4
-3.5

-4.2
0.3
-3.1

-3.4
0.3
-2.6

-2.4
0.8
-2.1

-2.3
0.9
-1.8

-4.6 -10.4 -8.7 -4.6

-0.2 -5.1 -6.1 -1.0
-3.4 -5.1 -5.3 -3.2

-1.6
0.7
-1.3
46.2
64.9

-4.8
0.3
-2.9
41.5
61.2

-4.4
1.2
-2.5
43.0
62.2

-3.3
1.4
-1.9
43.4
62.5

-2.2
1.6
-1.6
42.5
61.9

-2.9
1.2
-1.6
43.2
63.1

-6.1
0.2
-3.7
49.9
70.5

-13.6
-4.1
-6.0
61.7
87.0

-9.7
-5.5
-6.5
70.4
97.5

-4.7
0.0
-3.4
83.4
106.7

-2.9
-0.1
-2.8
59.2
68.6

-3.0
-0.7
-3.0
59.5
68.7

-2.9
-0.5
-2.8
60.0
69.0

-2.5
-0.6
-2.6
60.3
69.6

-1.3
0.6
-1.9
58.3
67.9

-0.7
1.4
-1.6
52.2
65.8

-1.8
0.7
-2.1
54.1
69.1

-5.4
-4.3
-3.0
62.2
78.9

-6.1
-5.4
-2.9
68.0
85.0

-3.3
-2.2
-1.9
74.9
91.4

-2.4
0.0
-2.0
48.9
56.1

-4.0
-1.7
-3.2
57.7
62.8

-3.8
-1.9
-2.8
60.0
64.7

-3.3
-2.3
-2.3
61.8
66.4

-1.5
-0.8
-1.2
60.2
66.0

-0.5
0.3
-0.5
57.0
63.6

-0.1
0.3
-0.3
60.6
67.2

-4.7
-5.8
-2.0
70.9
79.4

-6.1
-7.2
-2.5
78.0
86.6

-1.4
-2.7
0.0
83.2
91.0

-3.5
-0.2
-3.3
46.6
56.0

-4.1
0.0
-4.0
53.2
62.9

-3.6
0.3
-3.5
55.3
65.0

-3.0
0.2
-3.3
56.7
66.4

-2.4
0.6
-2.5
53.9
63.6

-2.7
0.6
-2.9
54.2
63.9

-3.4
-0.3
-3.1
57.6
67.3

-6.2
-4.5
-3.3
65.2
74.9

-6.5
-5.2
-3.0
70.6
80.3

-4.6
-2.5
-3.0
80.0
89.7

-4.7
-0.3
-4.8
109.8

-3.5
-0.4
-3.5
101.5

-3.5
-0.0
-3.8
100.8

-4.3
-0.5
-4.2
102.6

-3.3
0.6
-3.7
102.4

-1.5
1.3
-2.3
100.5

-2.7
-0.3
-2.7
102.7

-5.4
-5.1
-2.7
111.9

-5.9 -4.5
-5.7 -2.4
-2.9 -3.3
117.5 125.6

21

World Economic Outlook April 2009, Crisis and Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary
Fund, p. 203.

266

1993-2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014
114.9
104.4 103.8 105.8 106.5 103.5 105.8 115.3 121.1 129.4

- 2
2

- 2
2

2
-
2

-5.5

-8.0

-6.2

-5.0

-4.0

-2.5

-5.6

-9.9

-9.8 -7.1

-6.8

-8.1

-6.6

-5.4

-4.1

-2.4

-4.6

-8.5

-8.2 -5.8

-0.8
-5.2

-2.2
-7.1

-1.1
-5.7

-0.8
-4.7

-0.4
-3.8

0.3
-2.6

-1.6
-5.0

-8.0
-6.5

-7.9 -1.2
-6.5 -6.7

-6.8

-7.6

-6.4

-5.2

-4.0

-2.4

-4.3

-6.6

-6.4 -5.6

42.8
117.3

76.5 82.7 84.6 84.3 80.4 87.8 103.6 114.8 136.3

167.2 178.1 191.6 191.3 187.7 196.3 217.2 227.4 234.2

-2.5
-0.1
-2.2
37.6
43.1

-3.3
-0.1
-2.9
33.7
38.5

-5.4
-0.6
-5.0
45.5
51.9

-9.8
-5.5
-6.7
56.8
62.7

-10.9
-6.6
-6.1
66.9
72.7

-1.8
0.0
-1.6
58.7
92.6

-0.1 0.9 1.5 1.3 1.4 0.4

-0.7 -0.1 0.4 1.1 1.5 -0.2
0.3 0.9 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.5
38.7 34.5 30.0 26.4 23.2 21.9
76.6 72.4 70.5 67.9 64.2 63.6

-3.4
-4.3
-0.9
26.2
75.4

-3.6 0.4
-4.7 0.0
-0.8 0.4
29.1 26.8
77.2 66.2

-3.3
0.1
-3.4
35.6
40.3

-3.3
-0.4
-3.0
37.4
42.1

-2.6
-0.1
-2.6
38.2
43.3

-2.6
0.4
-2.8
38.3
44.1

-6.4
-2.8
-0.9
83.0
87.8

.
1-:
1
. :
2
() - :
3
1995 , ( ) . - 8%-
- 1% :
4
( - 2.5% (2000., ), - 0.1% (2001 2002., ), - 1.2% (2000., )):
( 2005. - 0.5%-):

4.17

22

( )

10 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

1991-2000 2001-10

1
()


SDR-

2007

2008 2009

2010

7.1

3.6

0.2

3.6

5.5

10.7

7.8

9.1

7.3

3.0

-11.9

2.5

-0.8
-0.6

3.8
2.1

-3.4
0.0

1.1 10.3
-0.6 2.0

9.6
3.7

5.3
5.6

5.2
5.7

8.1
3.9

11.2
7.7

-12.2
-9.4

5.4
3.7

7.0

2.4

-0.4

2.4

3.4

9.1

6.1

8.6

6.3

1.9

-13.6

2.0

8.4

6.7

2.2

7.2

11.0

14.8

11.7

11.0

9.8

4.6

-7.2

3.6

7.0

2.1

-0.4

2.7

4.2

9.2

6.5

7.6

4.7

0.5

-13.7

1.2

7.1

7.6

2.8

6.4

10.3

15.9

12.2

12.4

13.8

9.4

-9.5

4.6

-0.1

0.0

0.4

0.9

1.0

-0.2

-1.4

-1.1

0.3

-1.8

2.0

-0.2

22

World Economic Outlook October 2009, Sustaining the Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International
Monetary Fund, pp. 184-185.

267

10 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

1991-2000 2001-10

1
()


SDR-

2

SDR- 2

SDR-

2007

2008 2009

2010

-0.3

1.3

-2.4

0.3

0.8

2.4

5.3

3.6

0.7

4.1

-6.3

4.6

7.5

3.4

-0.4

3.7

6.3

10.9

7.5

9.0

6.6

2.7

-13.0

2.7

-1.0
-0.7

3.9
2.2

-3.8
-0.3

0.6
-1.2

9.9
1.6

9.8
3.9

6.2
6.4

5.9
6.4

8.3
4.1

12.0
8.5

-13.2
-10.5

5.7
4.1

-1.3
2.1

3.9
10.5

-3.3
-13.8

2.1
2.5

14.3
15.8

8.7
30.7

3.6
41.3

3.8
20.5

9.0
10.7

8.6
36.4

-9.1
-36.6

3.1
24.3

-1.7

4.5

-4.8

1.9

5.9

15.2

6.1

23.2

14.1

7.5

-20.3

2.4

-2.3
-1.3
-0.4
-1.7

5.1
6.2
-0.7
7.1

-2.0 3.5 6.3

-13.3 24.3 4.8
-3.4 -0.2 0.6
-10.3 -3.5 11.8

14.0
-0.9
4.1
34.6

-0.9
18.1
0.5
22.4

10.5
8.4
8.8
56.2

15.2
13.8
5.0
17.4

23.4
23.3
-0.8
-8.0

-14.9
-4.1
-20.7
-30.5

1.2
-5.5
2.3
6.2

-1.0
2.4

2.2
8.7

0.2
-10.7

0.3
0.8

5.7
7.1

2.8
23.6

3.8
41.6

4.2
21.0

4.8
6.4

5.2
32.1

-6.3
-34.6

1.5
22.4

-1.4

2.8

-1.3

0.2

-2.1

9.0

6.3

23.8

9.6

4.1

-17.7

0.8

-2.0
-1.0
-0.1
-1.4

3.4
4.4
-2.3
5.3

1.5 1.8 -1.7

-10.2 22.2 -3.1
0.1 -1.9 -7.0
-7.0 -5.1 3.3

7.8
-6.3
-1.6
27.3

-0.7
18.3
0.8
22.7

11.0
8.8
9.3
56.9

10.7
9.4
0.9
12.8

19.5 -12.2
19.4 -1.1
-3.9 -18.1
-10.9 -28.2

-0.4
-7.0
0.7
4.5

1.9
5.4

-0.4
5.9

-0.3 -3.2
-11.1 -2.8

-4.5
-3.3

-1.1
18.9

3.4
41.0

3.0
19.5

-0.1
1.4

1.1
27.1

-2.6
-32.0

0.5
21.2

1.6

0.2

-1.8

-3.3 -11.6

4.8

5.9

22.3

4.5

0.1

-14.6

-0.2

0.9
1.9
2.9
1.5

0.8
1.8
-4.8
2.7

1.1
-10.5
-0.4
-7.4

-1.8
17.9
-5.4
-8.4

-11.2 3.7
-12.5 -9.9
-16.0 -5.3
-6.7 22.4

-1.1
17.8
0.3
22.2

9.6
7.5
8.0
55.0

5.6
4.2
-3.8
7.5

14.9 -8.8
14.8
2.8
-7.6 -15.0
-14.3 -25.5

-1.3
-7.9
-0.3
3.5

7.2

1.9

-1.2

2.4

4.0

8.9

5.6

8.5

5.2

1.6

-15.6

2.3

8.3

6.3

1.7

6.9

11.4 14.2

10.9

10.4

8.8

4.4

-7.9

3.7

3.4

4.0

0.4

2.5

11.7

8.9

5.6

4.0

3.7

4.0

-5.3

4.8

10.4

7.2

2.3

8.5

11.3 16.0

12.9

13.2

11.0

4.6

-9.1

3.3

7.6

1.9

-1.2

3.1

5.0

9.6

6.3

7.9

4.2

0.0

-14.9

1.5

7.2

7.7

2.7

6.3

11.6 16.8

12.3

11.8

13.4

9.2

-9.7

4.7

-0.4

11.1

16.2

9.0

8.9

15.2

16.6

12.6

19.8

18.4

-7.3

4.8

9.5

6.9

0.4

5.8

12.1 17.1

11.4

11.6

12.1

7.0

-10.2

4.7

-1.3

1.6

-0.1

-0.9

2.6

3.0

3.7

4.3

3.9

5.7

-8.0

2.7

1.4

4.2

-1.1

-0.2

1.3

7.4

14.1

11.4

5.3

13.8

-15.4

8.8

3.1

7.3

-7.3

0.7

4.6

17.4

32.7

18.7

8.0

26.0

-28.9

15.9

268

10 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

1991-2000 2001-10

(.)

4

1 ( )

5

1
2

4
5

2007

2008 2009

2010

1.0

2.9

1.4

-0.4

0.1

3.9

7.1

8.2

4.1

8.7

-8.8

6.0

-1.3

1.6

-0.7

-1.9

1.4

3.3

5.6

5.7

3.5

8.1

-10.4

2.8

1.7

2.5

1.3

-0.7

0.0

4.1

7.0

7.2

4.4

9.1

-9.6

3.9

1.6

2.7

0.5

0.5

0.9

4.6

7.7

8.0

5.1

6.9

-8.3

1.9

1.5

2.5

1.4

-0.9

-0.1

4.1

6.9

7.0

4.2

9.7

-9.9

4.4

0.1

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.2

-0.3

-1.8

-1.3

0.4

-2.2

2.6

0.0

-0.3

1.6

-2.3

0.5

1.2

3.1

6.6

3.9

0.8

4.3

-6.4

4.8

0.1

2.5

-3.3

-0.2

2.8

3.0

13.6

9.0

-0.3

11.3

-17.1

9.4

-0.7

0.3

2.4

0.4

0.8

1.1

-0.3

-1.7

1.4

-2.1

3.8

-2.3

0.0
-0.6
2.1
-0.2

4.4
0.1
3.7
1.7

-2.5
1.0
-8.5
-3.9

-1.9
0.8
1.2
1.1

8.7
-0.7
0.6
2.4

12.1
-1.9
10.3
5.5

14.8
-0.9
23.9
5.1

9.3
-0.3
6.0
8.4

2.6
-0.4
1.5
2.0

18.2
-2.0
14.4
3.1

-20.5
2.3
-18.9
-6.8

8.8
3.4
13.2
0.4

1.5
-0.5

4.5
0.4

-7.7
0.0

0.1
0.5

3.7
0.3

12.3
-0.2

23.2
0.2

9.9
1.1

2.7
-0.1

17.9
-0.9

-22.4
1.2

13.7
1.5

6,106
4,869
2.1
18.73
-1.3

13,276 7,626 8,007 9,329 11,322 12,889 14,840 17,258 19,731 15,218
10,588 6,087 6,366 7,442 9,036 10,334 11,952 13,806 15,880 11,919
10.5
-13.8 2.5 15.8 30.7 41.3 20.5 10.7 36.4 -36.6
53.98 24.3 25.0 28.9 37.8 53.4 64.3 71.1 97.0 61.5
3.9

-3.3

2.1

14.3

8.7

3.6

3.8

9.0

8.6

-9.1

16,542
13,056
24.3
76.5
3.1

:

(Brent), (WTI) 2002-2004.
:
, , :
(Brent), (WTI) :
:

4.18

23

( )
10 2001 2002 2003 2004
1991-2000 2001-10

1
()


SDR-

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

7.1

3.5

0.3

3.5

5.4

10.7

7.7

9.2

7.2

3.3

-11.0

0.6

-0.9
-0.6

3.3
2.2

-3.6
-0.1

1.2
-0.6

10.4
2.1

9.7
3.8

5.5
5.7

5.2
5.6

8.0
3.8

11.5
8.0

-14.6
-9.0

2.6
3.6

23

World Economic Outlook April 2009, Crisis and Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary
Fund, pp. 204-205.

269

10 2001 2002 2003 2004

1991-2000 2001-10

1
()


SDR-

2

SDR-2

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

6.9

2.2

-0.4

2.4

3.4

9.1

6.2

8.5

6.1

1.8

-13.5

0.5

8.4

6.5

2.4

7.0

10.5

14.2

10.8

10.9

9.5

6.0

-6.4

1.2

7.0

2.2

-0.4

2.7

4.2

9.3

6.4

7.6

4.7

0.4

-12.1

0.4

7.3

7.5

3.1

6.2

10.2

16.0

12.2

13.2

14.0

10.9

-8.8

0.6

-0.1

-0.1

0.4

0.9

1.0

-0.1

-1.5

-1.1

0.4

-2.0

1.5

-0.2

-0.2

1.2

-2.3

0.4

1.2

3.1

5.9

4.1

1.2

4.4

-8.0

2.3

7.5

3.5

-0.4

3.7

6.3

11.0

7.5

9.3

6.6

3.2

-11.5

0.7

-1.1
-0.8

3.3
2.2

-3.8
-0.4

0.6
-1.1

9.9
1.6

9.8
3.8

6.2
6.4

5.7
6.2

8.2
4.0

12.3
8.7

-15.4
-9.9

2.8
3.8

-1.3
2.1

3.8
8.3

-3.4
-13.8

2.1
2.5

14.4
15.8

8.8
30.7

3.6
41.3

3.7
20.5

8.8
10.7

9.6
36.4

-8.9 1.7
-46.4 20.2

-1.7

3.6

-4.8

1.9

5.9

15.2

6.1

23.2

14.1

7.5

-27.9

-2.3
-1.3
-0.4
-1.7

4.5
4.4
-0.6
5.5

-2.0 3.5
6.3
-13.3 24.3 4.8
-3.4 -0.2 0.6
-10.3 -3.5 11.8

14.0
-0.9
4.1
34.6

-0.9
18.1
0.5
22.4

10.5
8.4
8.8
56.2

15.2
13.8
5.0
17.4

23.4
23.3
-0.8
-8.0

-19.4 0.8
-13.6 -11.4
-21.7 4.4
-45.4 15.9

-1.0
2.4

2.7
7.1

0.1
-10.7

0.4
0.8

5.7
7.1

2.9
23.6

3.8
41.6

4.2
21.0

4.6
6.4

6.1
32.1

-3.0 2.7
-42.9 21.4

-1.4

2.5

-1.3

0.2

-2.1

9.0

6.3

23.8

9.6

4.1

-23.2

-2.0
-1.0
-0.1
-1.4

3.4
3.3
-1.7
4.3

1.5
1.8
-10.2 22.2
0.1 -1.9
-7.0 -5.1

-1.7
-3.1
-7.0
3.3

7.8
-6.3
-1.6
27.3

-0.7
18.3
0.8
22.7

11.0
8.8
9.3
56.9

10.7
9.4
0.9
12.8

19.5 -14.2 1.8

19.4 -7.9 -10.5
-3.9 -16.6 5.4
-10.9 -41.8 17.1

1.9
5.4

0.3
4.6

-0.3 -3.1
-11.1 -2.8

-4.5
-3.3

-1.1
18.9

3.4
41.0

2.9
19.5

-0.3
1.4

2.1
27.1

2.3
2.1
-39.8 20.6

1.6

0.1

-1.8

-3.3 -11.6

4.8

5.9

22.3

4.5

0.1

-19.0

0.9
1.9
2.9
1.5

1.0
0.9
-4.0
1.9

1.1
-10.5
-0.4
-7.4

-1.8 -11.2 3.7

17.9 -12.5 -9.9
-5.4 -16.0 -5.3
-8.4 -6.7 22.4

-1.1
17.8
0.3
22.2

9.6
7.5
8.0
55.0

5.6
4.2
-3.8
7.5

7.2

1.9

-1.2

2.4

4.0

9.0

5.7

8.7

5.2

1.5

-14.4

0.4

8.4

6.3

1.8

6.9

11.4

14.3

10.7

10.8

8.9

6.1

-7.2

1.1

3.3

3.8

0.4

2.3

11.8

9.3

5.1

4.1

3.5

4.4

-4.9

3.1

10.6

7.2

2.3

8.5

11.3

16.0

12.8

13.6

11.3

6.8

-8.3

0.3

7.6

2.1

-1.2

3.1

5.0

9.7

6.3

7.9

4.1

0.0

-12.7

0.9

7.4

7.7

2.8

6.3

11.5

16.9

12.6

12.6

13.7

10.9

-8.7

0.7

270

4.4

5.4

4.7

14.9 -9.5 1.2

14.8 -2.9 -11.1
-7.6 -12.0 4.7
-14.3 -38.7 16.3

10 2001 2002 2003 2004

1991-2000 2001-10

SDR-

(.)

4

1 ( )

5

1
2

4
5

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

-0.4

12.0

16.0

9.0

9.2

15.5

17.4

15.0

20.4

18.5

-2.9

4.0

9.8

6.8

0.6

5.7

12.0

17.2

11.6

12.1

12.3

9.2

-10.0

-0.1

-1.3

1.6

-0.2

-0.9

2.6

3.0

3.7

4.2

3.9

6.1

-7.8

2.5

1.3

3.9

-1.1

-0.1

1.2

7.3

14.3

11.0

5.0

13.6

-16.0

7.3

3.1

6.6

-7.4

0.9

4.7

17.4

33.5

18.6

7.9

26.0

-34.6 16.8

0.9

2.7

1.3

-0.4

0.0

3.8

7.2

7.7

3.7

8.3

-7.0

3.6

-1.4

1.8

-0.7

-1.9

1.4

3.2

5.6

5.6

3.5

8.6

-9.2

2.7

1.5

2.6

1.0

-0.8

-0.1

4.0

6.9

6.6

4.0

9.1

-8.3

4.5

1.5

3.1

0.6

0.6

0.8

4.3

7.2

7.5

4.5

7.1

-4.7

3.5

1.3

2.5

1.0

-1.0

-0.2

4.0

6.9

6.5

3.9

9.6

-9.1

4.8

0.1

-0.1

0.5

1.0

1.2

-0.2

-1.8

-1.4

0.4

-2.4

1.5

-0.2

-0.2

1.2

-2.1

0.7

1.2

3.2

6.9

4.1

0.9

4.0

-8.4

2.7

0.1

1.9

-3.6

-0.2

2.9

3.7

15.0

10.2

0.7

12.6

-24.6

8.2

0.1

1.0

4.2

0.6

0.0

1.6

-0.8

-1.8

1.5

-1.1

7.6

-0.9

-0.1
-0.6
2.1
-0.2

3.9
-0.2
2.3
1.4

-2.6
1.0
-8.5
-4.0

-2.0
0.7
1.8
1.3

9.0
-0.6
0.2
2.9

12.1
-2.0
9.6
5.7

14.7
-0.8
25.1
5.6

8.9
-0.3
5.9
8.6

2.3
-0.5
1.3
2.1

17.7
-3.0
13.4
3.7

-24.6 10.6
5.4 -1.9
-27.7 11.1
-11.5 1.6

1.6
-0.4

3.4
0.2

-8.0
0.2

0.3
0.6

3.8
0.3

12.6
-0.1

24.5
0.4

10.3
1.2

3.2
-0.2

17.7
-1.2

-31.4 12.9
2.3 -1.2

6,108

13,073

7,615 7,995 9,312 11,304 12,840 14,77417,149 19,694 14,76815,280

4,870
2.1
18.73

10,446
8.3
51.62

6,078 6,356 7,428 9,023 10,294 11,90713,738 15,875 11,66112,101

-13.8 2.5 15.8 30.7 41.3 20.5 10.7 36.4 -46.4 20.2
24.3 25.0 28.9 37.8 53.4 64.3 71.1 97.0 52.0 62.5

-1.3

3.8

-3.4

2.1

14.4

8.8

3.6

3.7

8.8

9.6

-8.9

1.7

:

(Brent), (WTI) , 2002-2004.
:
, , :
(Brent), (WTI) :
:

271

 4.19
24

( )

()

,

/ 2003-2007.

1

-
1

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014
-223.4 -219.2 -219.1 -220.3 -408.5 -458.9 -365.3 -533.1 -261.7 -166.2 -154.9
-398.3 -459.1 -521.5 -631.1 -748.7 -803.5 -726.6 -706.1 -369.8 -324.7 -475.2
5.2 46.1 42.9 116.8 46.8 41.0 34.4 -92.7 -82.1 -36.4 62.3
87.8 112.6 136.2 172.1 165.7 170.4 211.0 157.1 96.9 105.6 89.4
81.9 81.3 123.3 122.0 127.7 133.3 116.0 108.5 93.3 89.3 168.6

48.0 55.7 81.0 83.5 80.2 90.0 103.6 76.1 98.0

96.0 116.5

48.0 80.7 149.6 223.8 448.3 659.7 664.5 724.6 355.6 548.1 968.3
1.4
-11.5
33.0
39.3
40.0
-54.2

-8.4
-19.4
30.3
66.9
27.8
-16.5

-3.8
-32.2
35.7
85.1
55.9
8.9

1.8
-53.2
63.5
92.9
96.8
22.0

-26.7 16.9 17.7 65.5

14.5
-59.1
87.5
167.5
202.9
34.9

52.4 31.7 32.4 -37.1

-87.3 -130.8 -155.2 -48.4
96.3 71.7 108.1 48.0
288.0 413.8 423.9 381.5
262.6 264.9 345.3 42.8
47.8 13.1 -29.9 -31.3

-22.3
-62.5
79.6
438.6
151.6
-36.8

-4.3
-76.0
94.1
676.6
306.6
-28.7

-7.4 -48.7 -83.1 -196.7 -127.3 -87.0 -9.5

84.4 60.7 108.1 189.0 357.1 481.6 450.7 621.9 126.6 314.5 507.0
-36.4 20.0 41.5 34.9 91.2 178.1 213.8 102.7 228.9 233.6 461.3
-3.6

-2.9

-2.5

0.3

-2.4

7.6

5.4

-8.8

-4.5

-8.4

-7.1

-74.4 -40.0 -34.2 -62.7 -99.9 -119.7 -211.1 -352.8 -190.5 -248.5 -258.4
-2.1

-4.5

-6.2

-4.3

-13.5

4.0

5.1

-4.4 -12.0 -13.7 -27.3 -47.9 -30.9 -35.1 -42.0

-175.4 -138.5 -69.5

-6.3

-6.7

-9.6 -18.8 -17.2 -21.9 -18.3

3.5

39.8 200.8 299.2 191.5 93.9 381.9 813.4

-1.1

-0.9

-0.4

0.0

0.2

0.7

0.9

0.5

0.3

1.2

1.8

-0.5

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.1

0.4

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.6

1.1

( , ) , : `
:
, `
-, :
, , :

24

World Economic Outlook October 2009, Sustaining the Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International
Monetary Fund, p. 186.

272

 4.20
25

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

-207.7 -219.0 -220.1 -213.8 -394.0 -454.5
-384.7 -461.3 -523.4 -625.0 -729.0 -788.1
6.6
47.8 43.0 117.0 40.9
31.5
87.8 112.6 136.2 172.1 165.7 170.4
82.6
81.9 124.1 122.2 128.3 131.6

()
48.0

46.6

0.9

-10.4

33.0

36.6

40.4

-53.9

-25.3

81.6

-35.0
` -4.1

-73.1
`
-1.8

,


/ 20032007.
-13.4

1

-161.1

-1.0

-
-0.5
1

83.5

80.2

90.0

2007
-389.6
-731.2
20.4
211.0
110.2

2008
-465.0
-673.3
-95.5
157.1
146.7

103.6

76.2

( )
2009 2010 2014
-371.3 -371.6 -193.2
-393.2 -396.8 -476.8
-133.8 -134.9 -10.8
76.4 56.0
75.3
79.3 104.1 219.2

55.7

81.0

88.9

129.9

83.2

151.3 226.1 447.8 630.6 633.4 714.4 262.4 384.2

798.8

-8.6

-4.5

2.8

15.9

34.0

-72.7

-57.9

-49.8

-16.9

-29.0

-48.6

-54.7

-82.5 -122.1 -142.2 -59.4

-50.5

-63.6

30.3
64.8
29.9
-16.2

35.7
82.4
57.5
9.3

63.5
89.3
97.1
22.1

87.5
96.2 70.9 108.7 0.6
27.0 -20.7
162.3 282.4 406.5 422.4 481.3 469.0 761.5
201.3 252.9 254.1 341.6 -10.2 56.2 205.1
35.5
47.7 13.4 -28.3 -77.3 -59.7 -33.6

18.7

17.8

65.1

-12.8

58.3
24.9

104.4 186.2 351.0 446.8 409.2 587.2 -22.8 107.3

46.8 39.9 96.8 183.8 224.2 127.2 285.3 276.9

12.2

-60.2 -102.9 -196.5 -204.2 -184.6 -41.0

7.9

6.2

-7.2

-12.8

-13.8

238.9
560.0

-2.8

-2.4

0.3

-35.2

-29.8

-57.0

-94.0 -115.6 -202.5 -341.9 -256.4 -246.8 -267.0

-3.6

-7.7

-5.6

-6.6

-6.6

-17.2

-28.2

-23.7

-26.6

-26.3

4.4

5.5

-2.7

-10.5

-13.3

-27.9

-45.8

-46.3

-42.9

-47.0

12.3

53.7

176.1 243.8 249.5 -108.9

12.6

605.6

-135.8 -68.8

-1.6

10.7

91.0

-9.1

-0.8

-0.4

0.1

0.2

0.6

0.7

0.6

-0.4

0.0

1.4

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.1

0.4

0.4

0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.9

( , ) , : `
:
, `
-, :
, , :

25

World Economic Outlook April 2009, Crisis and Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary
Fund, p. 206.

273

 4.21
. 26

()

2

()

1
2

2001
-0.9
-3.9
0.1
0.0
1.8
-0.1
-3.9
2.4
3.4
-7.2
-0.8
-9.9
8.6
-0.6
-8.3
0.2
8.8
-3.3
-3.8
2.1
-2.1
2.3
1.6
-2.0
6.5
4.3
7.8
5.9
-5.3
16.1
13.1
3.1
-1.6
-2.8
-4.3

2002
-0.8
-4.3
0.7
2.0
1.2
-0.8
-3.3
2.5
4.6
-6.5
2.7
-8.1
8.8
-1.0
-7.9
1.1
10.5
-3.7
2.5
2.9
-1.7
1.7
0.9
-3.7
8.9
5.0
8.3
7.6
-5.7
12.6
13.1
2.5
-1.1
-3.9
1.6

2003
-0.7
-4.7
0.5
1.9
0.8
-1.3
-3.5
5.5
4.1
-6.6
1.7
-6.1
5.2
0.0
-5.9
-0.8
8.1
-2.2
-3.1
3.2
-1.6
1.2
1.9
-5.3
10.0
7.2
12.8
10.4
-6.3
12.3
23.7
3.4
0.5
-4.3
-4.8

2004
-0.7
-5.3
1.2
4.7
0.6
-0.9
-5.3
7.5
3.5
-5.8
2.1
-7.6
6.6
-0.6
-7.8
-2.7
11.8
-5.0
-6.0
3.7
-2.1
2.3
3.9
-6.1
6.0
6.7
12.9
9.5
-5.3
12.7
18.1
3.1
1.7
-6.4
-9.8

2005
-1.2
-5.9
0.5
5.1
-0.4
-1.7
-7.4
7.3
2.6
-7.3
2.0
-9.5
3.6
-3.5
-8.5
-1.7
11.0
-5.8
-8.8
3.6
-2.6
1.9
1.8
-5.8
4.9
7.0
13.6
11.4
-1.3
16.3
22.7
4.3
3.1
-8.5
-16.1

2006
-1.3
-6.0
0.4
6.1
-0.5
-2.6
-9.0
9.3
2.6
-11.1
2.8
-10.0
4.5
-3.6
-7.0
-2.5
10.4
-7.0
-9.2
3.9
-3.3
1.4
0.6
-5.3
7.2
8.6
14.4
12.1
-2.6
17.2
25.4
2.9
5.0
-8.7
-25.3

2007
-0.9
-5.2
0.3
7.5
-1.0
-2.4
-10.0
7.6
1.7
-14.2
3.1
-9.4
4.1
-5.3
-5.3
-4.2
9.8
-11.7
-7.0
4.8
-2.7
1.0
0.6
-6.3
8.6
8.6
9.9
12.3
-3.1
15.9
23.5
0.7
2.8
-8.2
-19.9

2008 2009
-1.3 -0.7
-4.9 -2.6
-0.7 -0.7
6.4
2.9
-2.3 -1.2
-3.4 -2.5
-9.6 -6.0
7.5
7.0
-2.5 -1.0
-14.4 -10.0
3.5
2.1
-12.1 -9.9
2.4
0.5
-5.2 -1.7
-6.5 -8.0
-5.5 -3.0
9.1
7.6
-18.3 -10.0
-5.6 -6.1
3.2
1.9
-1.7 -2.0
0.5
-2.6
-0.7
3.4
-4.6 -3.2
6.4
7.9
7.8
6.4
2.4
6.1
14.2 10.7
-3.1 -2.1
19.5 13.9
14.8 12.6
1.0
1.1
1.0
3.2
-8.9 -7.1
-40.6 -5.3

2010
-0.4
-2.2
-0.3
3.6
-1.4
-2.3
-4.7
6.8
-0.9
-9.0
2.0
-9.7
2.0
0.6
-7.8
-4.7
7.0
-9.8
-6.1
2.0
-1.9
-1.8
2.2
-5.6
8.0
5.4
7.1
10.8
-2.2
15.6
12.5
1.5
2.4
-6.7
0.7

( %)
2014
-0.3
-2.7
0.5
5.1
-0.7
-2.5
-4.0
6.7
1.0
-6.8
1.7
-8.7
3.6
-1.2
-3.8
-4.8
6.3
-9.4
-4.3
1.5
-2.0
0.9
2.1
-5.0
9.3
6.0
10.9
7.6
-2.5
14.4
11.9
1.0
2.8
-6.2
0.2

-1.4
-0.4

-1.4
0.6

-1.5
0.3

-1.4
0.8

-1.9
0.1

-2.0
-0.1

-1.3
0.1

-1.5
-0.5

-1.1
-1.0

-0.8
-1.0

-0.9
-0.2

4.6

4.9

6.7

6.3

5.3

5.5

5.7

4.4

6.4

5.9

5.4

:

:

26

World Economic Outlook October 2009, Sustaining the Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International
Monetary Fund, p. 187.

274

 4.22
. 27

()

2

()

1
2

2001
-0.8
-3.8
0.1
0.0
1.9
-0.1
-3.9
2.4
3.4
-7.2
-0.8
-9.9
8.6
-0.6
-8.3
0.2
8.8
-3.3
-3.8
2.1
-2.1
2.3
1.6
-2.0
6.5
4.3
7.8
5.9
-5.3
16.1
13.1
3.1
-1.1
-2.8
-4.3

2002
-0.8
-4.4
0.7
2.0
1.4
-0.8
-3.3
2.5
4.6
-6.5
2.7
-8.1
8.8
-1.0
-8.0
1.1
10.5
-3.7
2.5
2.9
-1.7
1.7
0.9
-3.7
8.9
5.0
8.3
7.6
-5.7
12.6
13.1
2.5
-0.8
-3.9
1.6

2003
-0.7
-4.8
0.5
1.9
0.8
-1.3
-3.5
5.5
4.1
-6.6
1.7
-6.1
5.2
0.0
-5.9
-0.8
8.1
-2.2
-3.1
3.2
-1.6
1.2
1.9
-5.3
10.0
7.2
12.8
10.4
-6.3
12.3
23.7
3.4
1.1
-4.3
-4.8

2004
-0.7
-5.3
1.2
4.7
0.6
-0.9
-5.3
7.5
3.5
-5.8
2.1
-7.6
6.6
-0.6
-7.8
-2.7
11.8
-5.0
-6.0
3.7
-2.1
2.3
3.9
-6.1
6.0
6.7
12.9
9.5
-5.3
12.7
18.1
3.1
2.1
-6.4
-9.8

2005
-1.1
-5.9
0.4
5.1
-0.6
-1.7
-7.4
7.1
2.6
-7.5
2.0
-9.5
3.6
-3.5
-8.5
-1.7
11.0
-5.6
-8.7
3.6
-2.6
1.9
1.8
-5.8
4.9
7.0
13.6
11.4
-1.3
16.3
22.7
4.3
3.0
-8.5
-16.1

2006
-1.3
-6.0
0.3
6.1
-0.6
-2.6
-8.9
8.2
2.6
-11.1
2.4
-10.1
4.5
-3.6
-7.1
-2.5
10.4
-7.5
-9.2
3.9
-3.4
1.4
0.6
-5.3
7.2
8.6
14.5
12.1
-2.6
17.2
25.4
2.9
5.6
-8.7
-25.3

2007
-1.0
-5.3
0.2
7.5
-1.0
-2.4
-10.1
6.1
1.7
-14.1
3.2
-9.5
4.1
-5.4
-5.4
-4.2
9.8
-11.6
-6.1
4.8
-2.9
0.9
0.6
-6.3
8.6
8.6
10.1
12.3
-3.2
15.9
23.5
0.7
2.8
-8.2
-15.4

2008
-1.1
-4.7
-0.7
6.4
-1.6
-3.2
-9.6
4.4
-2.5
-14.4
2.9
-12.0
2.5
-4.5
-6.3
-5.9
9.1
-18.3
-6.3
3.2
-1.7
0.6
-0.7
-4.2
6.4
8.3
9.1
14.2
-3.1
18.4
14.8
0.5
1.2
-8.9
-34.7

2009
-1.0
-2.8
-1.1
2.3
-0.4
-3.0
-5.4
2.4
-2.4
-13.5
1.3
-9.1
1.0
-2.7
-5.7
-4.0
7.6
-10.3
-5.1
1.5
-2.0
-0.9
2.9
-5.8
9.7
6.9
7.6
7.2
-2.7
11.0
13.1
-1.2
1.1
-7.8
0.6

2010
-1.0
-2.8
-1.2
2.4
-0.9
-3.1
-4.4
2.1
-3.0
-12.6
1.3
-8.8
0.6
-1.8
-5.0
-5.0
7.0
-10.1
-5.2
1.2
-1.5
-0.7
3.0
-5.3
10.7
7.4
8.1
5.2
-3.0
12.6
11.2
-1.1
0.3
-7.0
-2.1

( %)
2014
-0.4
-2.8
-0.1
5.2
-0.6
-3.0
-3.7
2.3
-1.1
-9.3
0.6
-7.1
2.2
-1.4
-2.8
-5.2
6.3
-9.8
-3.8
1.4
-0.7
0.9
3.0
-4.0
12.3
8.7
12.0
6.7
-2.5
11.6
13.3
-1.7
0.2
-4.3
3.1

-1.4
-0.4

-1.5
0.7

-1.5
0.3

-1.4
0.8

-1.8
0.2

-2.0
0.1

-1.4
0.4

-1.4
-0.7

-1.2
-1.1

-1.3
-1.1

-0.9
-0.1

4.6

4.9

6.7

6.3

5.3

5.5

5.7

4.4

6.3

6.1

7.0

:
:

27

World Economic Outlook April 2009, Crisis and Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary
Fund, p. 207.

275

 4.23
.
28

( %)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2014
0.3
-1.8 -0.6
0.3
1.7
5.4
2.9
2.5
-3.1 -1.7 -0.2
12.9
7.7
13.0 13.1 20.6 24.8 22.6 23.2
2.7
7.3
8.2
-16.0 -1.3 -5.2
3.5
16.8 25.2 15.9
7.5
-3.4
2.2
4.1
-6.4 -8.4 -8.3 -7.2 -5.5 -5.7 -9.9 -8.2 -9.7 -9.1 -6.6
9.9
3.2
5.7
3.5
15.2 17.2 14.3
7.0
-7.6 -16.3 3.3
-11.2 -10.0 -8.7 -10.6 -11.7 -9.6 -8.3 -10.9 -10.8 -11.6 -9.0
-4.6 -3.5 -4.6 -8.4 -1.2 -14.5 -15.7 -14.2 -10.9 -8.3 -9.7
-3.6 -5.1 -1.8 -3.4 -3.4
0.6
-0.8 -1.0 -7.2 -4.6 -2.7
-10.7 -11.2 -11.2 -14.4 -3.4 -5.0 -8.7 -12.4 -18.5 -15.4 -11.2
-1.8

-1.6

-2.2

-1.7

-6.5

-3.0

-6.2

-9.8

-9.5

-9.7

-9.2

-31.8
3.0
-4.0
-4.6
-0.6
-2.9
-41.2
-4.6
-3.0
11.0
-2.6
-5.3
-2.7
-13.2
-3.1
-13.2
-18.7
-1.3
-6.8
-10.4
-11.7
3.2
4.3
-3.0
1.7
-5.1
4.7
-3.5
-22.7
-4.3
-19.5
-6.3
0.3
-12.7
-4.2
-4.5
-9.3
-5.1
-3.5
-19.9
-2.2
-2.0
-3.1
-12.5

-94.7
-1.7
-1.6
0.6
6.7
-1.6
0.9
6.8
-4.7
6.8
-2.8
-0.5
-2.5
-5.3
2.2
-20.7
-6.5
-6.0
-8.6
-3.1
3.0
5.7
3.7
-12.7
3.4
-9.7
-12.6
-7.5
-17.0
-5.6
-13.6
-2.0
0.8
-10.3
4.7
-6.2
-5.5
-3.6
-4.6
-13.8
-9.1
-3.0
-7.2
-17.8

-48.8
-3.2
1.0
2.5
2.1
3.4
-33.3
9.7
-1.4
9.5
-4.9
-1.6
-0.8
-5.0
-0.2
-12.8
-26.4
-4.9
-5.8
-6.3
-13.6
2.4
3.2
-6.6
6.1
-7.5
-5.7
-9.6
-14.5
-6.1
0.2
-4.8
-1.1
-7.9
6.7
-4.2
-4.2
-2.9
-4.7
-14.7
-20.1
-4.0
-5.0
-19.4

-17.4
-4.6
-2.4
-7.3
1.6
-1.3
-21.6
-0.7
-4.0
11.2
-13.4
-4.0
-2.8
6.6
0.1
-5.7
-21.1
-9.1
-7.3
-8.5
-34.6
0.8
1.7
1.7
7.0
-7.3
5.8
1.9
-16.8
-6.1
-6.0
-5.7
-3.2
-6.5
3.1
-3.6
-3.0
-2.7
0.1
-11.7
-12.6
-5.4
-4.0
-16.3

2.4
-7.2
-10.4
2.2
0.2
-3.2
-6.2
0.3
-6.3
22.9
-20.1
-8.3
-0.4
-0.4
-0.8
-7.5
-38.4
-10.9
-11.7
-8.6
-47.2
-3.5
1.8
-10.7
4.7
-8.9
6.5
2.3
-10.3
-7.7
-19.7
-7.0
-4.0
-11.1
-4.0
-4.1
7.8
-1.0
-1.4
-8.3
-16.2
-5.0
-6.1
-18.0

-9.0
-6.1
-2.1
1.5
2.8
-14.7
7.1
-3.6
-9.1
10.4
-14.6
-9.9
-2.2
-10.2
-2.5
4.3
-13.8
-8.8
-7.2
-4.2
-1.3
-5.3
2.2
-8.3
13.8
-8.6
26.5
-4.7
-28.8
-9.5
-13.9
-3.5
-6.3
-15.2
-7.2
-7.7
-2.9
-2.0
-3.4
1.2
-12.6
-6.6
-5.6
-8.4

-10.6
-6.7
-1.5
-9.4
-0.7
-25.6
4.3
-0.7
-4.5
13.7
-13.4
-12.0
-8.8
9.5
-4.1
12.7
-27.9
-14.6
-1.6
-7.8
-11.4
-8.0
-0.1
-12.2
9.1
-7.8
18.8
-2.4
-29.9
-11.8
-23.4
-3.4
-7.3
-12.5
-4.7
-9.0
-3.9
-2.5
-3.1
-6.6
-10.7
-7.9
-9.1
-12.7

-12.2
-11.3
-15.3
-1.9
2.4
-39.2
9.9
0.8
-5.6
17.1
-16.7
-18.7
-12.0
-3.3
-6.8
-4.0
-25.9
-24.2
-7.8
-8.4
-15.7
-8.7
-5.4
-11.8
1.8
-13.3
20.4
-5.5
-29.0
-12.3
-50.2
-9.0
-7.4
-9.0
-5.4
-9.7
-6.6
-4.2
-3.2
-7.2
-29.5
-8.0
-14.1
-14.7

-20.8
-8.0
-14.6
-11.2
24.6
-17.1
-5.3
-3.7
-5.6
2.8
-17.1
-12.7
-1.7
-3.1
-8.1
-15.1
-41.8
-18.7
-4.1
-7.3
-9.0
-9.3
-5.5
-12.1
-1.0
-21.2
6.9
-6.8
-31.1
-11.7
-24.2
-9.1
-5.0
-11.2
-6.6
-9.9
-6.9
-3.8
-5.5
-3.9
-21.4
-3.1
-11.5
-8.8

-7.5
-10.4
-23.7
2.1
1.1
-17.5
0.0
-3.3
-9.3
6.8
-17.6
-15.4
-4.4
-4.5
-6.3
-21.2
-60.7
-17.3
-5.5
-7.6
-16.4
-10.6
-4.7
-12.2
-2.1
-22.0
13.8
-9.6
-28.0
-10.8
-32.5
-8.6
-6.5
-9.1
-7.1
-9.1
-8.2
-2.9
-5.7
-2.9
-19.9
-3.9
-8.0
-9.1

-5.3
-10.1
-16.6
2.5
-4.0
-19.9
5.6
-2.1
-4.2
4.1
-14.2
-6.5
-3.8
-6.4
-4.0
-20.5
-14.6
-8.7
-3.2
-7.9
6.8
-7.0
-1.0
-11.2
-0.8
-6.6
14.5
-7.0
-30.4
-10.4
-25.2
-5.5
-7.5
-8.3
-3.6
-9.1
0.2
-3.1
-4.5
-2.1
-17.9
-3.7
-3.1
-7.0

28

World Economic Outlook October 2009, Sustaining the Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International
Monetary Fund, pp. 188-191.

276

2001 2002 2003 2004

-5.6 -2.4 -5.5 -6.6
-3.2 -7.3 -5.4 -4.6
-5.2 -10.6 -11.3 -11.3
-6.0 -7.0 -7.9 -8.4
-7.5 -6.7 -8.2 -12.8
-4.7 -5.2 -6.9 -7.6
-7.2 -9.4 -4.1 -8.4
-6.8 -7.2
-2.8 -2.5 -2.1 -4.0
-5.5 -3.3 -5.8 -8.4
-2.5 -8.3 -7.2 -12.1
1.9
-0.3 -2.5 -3.7
8.0
6.5
6.2
8.2
11.1
8.4
8.2
10.1
-0.8
1.0
0.2
2.2
-9.5 -6.2 -6.8 -0.5
-0.9 -12.3 -27.8 -29.8
-3.3 -2.2 -2.4 -5.3
-6.4 -6.4 -9.6 -6.9
-5.4 -4.2 -0.9
0.8
-1.5 -4.0
1.7
4.9
-2.5 -1.5 -6.6 -1.8
-12.0 -8.6 -7.1
1.3
-4.9 -3.5 -1.3 -3.9
1.7
6.7
2.7
0.6
3.7
7.5
5.8
10.6
-1.0
1.2
5.8
7.2
1.6
2.5
2.8
2.7
-3.7 -17.0 -4.6
-0.9
0.3
0.3
-0.3
-12.3 -20.0 -20.5 -24.6
48.4 41.2 47.7 48.6
-1.1 -2.4 -3.6 -2.2
1.3
2.4
2.8
3.6
-6.7
2.5
-6.6 -12.9
0.3
1.4
1.5
0.1
4.3
4.0
3.5
0.6
16.1
7.6 -19.5 -11.1
-10.7 -9.4 -12.4 -16.9
7.9
8.0
12.0 12.1
-9.8 -5.6 -4.5 -15.8
-2.4
0.2
-1.0
2.4
4.5
4.2
2.4
2.7
0.4
3.9
4.9
1.8
6.5
-1.0
4.5
2.2
-2.4 -0.4
0.4
1.9
0.1
-1.1
5.8
-8.5
-6.4 -4.4
6.3
16.3
-1.1 -1.4 -0.4 -3.1
4.4
3.7
3.4
1.7
-12.6 -15.9 -15.4 20.7
-9.5
5.1
-3.1
4.2
2.0
-5.4 -6.6 -5.0
2.1
-1.7 -4.9 -3.5
6.3
4.4
7.9
11.6
2.8
-0.7
2.0
4.2
0.0
0.7
2.4
4.3
5.2
3.1
0.6
0.6
6.1
0.1
5.7
12.2
0.8
23.9 11.2 19.7 30.6
-19.3 -14.1 -13.2 -15.5
12.3
3.0
19.9 21.4

277

2005
-12.4
-5.7
-10.0
-7.5
-12.4
-7.1
-2.6
-8.5
-1.2
-8.9
-8.7
-4.6
8.7
11.0
1.3
-1.0
1.3
1.4
-11.1
-1.8
2.8
-8.3
1.3
-2.7
5.1
2.9
7.7
4.2
-2.5
0.0
-16.7
52.8
-3.8
7.2
-11.4
-1.3
0.1
-19.1
-17.8
15.0
-36.4
3.7
2.0
-1.4
4.2
2.0
-9.6
-7.0
-2.5
-4.3
78.4
-2.6
-7.4
-1.1
19.3
11.0
3.2
8.8
16.3
-17.4
42.5
-13.4
38.9

2006
-18.5
-6.7
-16.9
-7.5
-22.7
-10.7
-0.9
-24.1
-2.7
-10.4
-10.1
-6.0
7.4
9.5
0.6
-1.8
17.6
-3.9
-15.1
-2.5
-3.1
-11.3
7.0
-2.8
15.7
-1.5
9.1
6.1
-4.9
1.2
5.6
56.3
-0.6
9.5
-25.1
-1.1
3.0
-2.6
-10.3
16.0
-33.0
7.1
2.2
-3.9
2.3
4.5
-11.1
-6.4
-5.3
1.1
165.2
-9.7
-4.1
-0.3
20.9
13.8
1.6
9.2
10.1
-10.8
49.8
-5.3
44.6

2007
-25.2
-7.6
-17.8
-6.5
-21.6
-14.6
-7.2
-29.4
-4.7
-13.5
-15.6
-5.8
4.2
5.9
-1.3
-6.4
28.8
-6.8
-19.7
-7.8
-0.2
-17.0
6.7
-8.6
15.5
-3.7
7.3
7.0
0.9
1.1
8.1
50.7
-2.7
11.0
-17.4
-1.0
2.4
-1.0
-15.4
15.4
-41.5
9.2
0.5
-4.8
1.8
4.9
-16.1
-12.4
-4.3
5.7
296.1
-10.4
-5.9
-9.8
18.1
15.8
1.9
11.9
13.3
-17.2
44.7
-6.8
40.7

2008
-25.5
-9.4
-9.3
-8.4
-12.6
-11.6
-13.1
-29.6
-5.5
-12.4
-17.3
-5.7
4.9
6.1
1.1
-11.5
35.5
-8.4
-22.7
5.1
-8.2
-17.7
-13.1
-7.9
18.7
-7.2
12.8
5.9
-1.6
1.9
0.6
50.6
-11.1
9.8
-25.0
-2.2
0.1
-0.9
-16.5
17.9
-51.7
4.0
3.1
-8.3
2.8
2.5
-6.2
-18.7
-9.4
-0.1
408.3
-10.4
-6.2
-11.9
18.3
10.6
0.5
6.7
-28.4
-11.3
44.7
-11.6
40.7

2009
-11.4
-6.1
1.9
-2.9
4.5
1.0
-10.6
-16.0
-2.2
-5.5
-9.1
-1.9
2.9
3.6
0.6
-13.7
19.6
-9.6
-16.3
-2.0
-7.8
-11.8
-6.9
-13.7
17.8
0.4
7.2
5.0
-0.9
2.1
-3.1
35.2
-5.5
7.8
-25.9
-2.2
0.9
-3.1
-15.4
13.4
-29.0
1.5
4.2
-5.1
-6.7
3.2
-2.1
-11.1
-1.2
4.9
66.2
-8.8
-5.3
-9.7
2.6
3.7
-2.4
3.0
-15.2
-10.0
29.4
-11.3
16.7

2010
-8.3
-5.4
2.0
-3.3
6.4
0.5
-9.7
-11.0
-3.1
-5.6
-10.6
-3.7
4.4
4.5
4.0
-13.7
23.1
-7.1
-17.6
3.9
-12.4
-11.9
-10.3
-13.3
29.1
0.2
6.7
5.2
-0.9
1.0
-8.5
36.8
-7.2
8.6
-27.9
-2.5
0.5
-6.3
-8.1
11.0
-22.9
-1.8
1.0
-4.8
-4.7
1.2
-5.2
-18.2
-1.3
2.7
49.4
-8.7
-4.8
-9.4
7.9
6.2
-2.8
3.6
4.8
-8.8
35.3
-10.5
24.0

2014
-5.6
-6.3
-3.2
-3.4
4.1
-2.5
-6.2
-9.0
-3.1
-6.0
-4.2
-3.1
3.3
2.9
4.6
-7.5
15.8
-3.2
-14.9
4.1
-5.1
-13.0
44.6
-7.8
39.0
-2.8
5.1
5.4
-3.2
0.4
-21.3
38.6
-5.4
8.4
-17.5
-1.8
-1.0
-11.4
-20.1
10.8
-16.1
-6.2
0.0
-3.4
-3.1
0.9
-2.2
-24.2
-0.7
1.6
-50.8
-7.6
-6.5
-4.9
11.7
19.7
-1.5
2.8
6.1
-7.0
48.5
-9.3
28.3

2001
10.0
27.3
5.1
6.3
9.5
6.8
-2.7
-8.0
-1.4
-11.6
-4.1
-21.9
-3.4
-4.2
-1.6
-1.2
-3.7
-18.4
-3.0
-3.2
-1.1
-19.7
-6.5
-18.5
-2.0
-6.3
-10.6
-2.6
-19.4
-1.5
-4.2
-2.1
-32.0
-15.6
-10.4
-14.4
5.0
-2.6
1.6

2002
6.8
21.9
6.3
-3.6
4.9
4.1
-0.9
-11.5
8.9
-7.8
-6.5
-17.7
-4.1
-1.5
-0.9
-1.5
-4.9
-13.6
-3.6
-4.8
-2.8
-26.6
-6.1
-14.7
-0.9
-3.6
-11.8
-2.0
-17.7
-0.8
1.8
-1.9
-39.1
-15.0
-11.5
-14.4
0.9
2.9
8.2

2003
2.4
25.3
13.1
-12.6
8.5
1.5
0.5
-12.9
6.3
-8.6
-6.3
-18.2
1.0
0.8
-1.1
-1.1
-4.8
-12.8
5.9
-1.4
-4.7
-25.3
-4.6
-11.6
-1.6
-6.8
-8.2
-1.0
-16.2
-4.5
2.3
-1.5
-34.8
-14.7
-20.8
-18.0
8.7
-0.5
14.1

2004
3.6
22.4
20.8
-1.6
9.1
1.6
1.0
-8.3
2.1
-5.4
-12.0
-14.7
3.8
1.8
2.2
-0.8
-4.3
-16.5
3.5
-1.6
-4.0
-9.0
-4.9
-9.3
-1.6
-7.7
-5.2
-0.7
-14.5
-7.5
2.1
0.0
-20.1
-10.9
-24.8
-11.0
12.5
0.3
13.8

2005
16.8
33.2
28.5
-2.2
18.0
3.8
1.3
-12.3
1.7
-9.6
-13.1
-13.6
6.5
1.6
1.2
-1.3
-4.9
-28.0
-1.6
0.3
-3.3
-31.3
-4.6
-14.8
2.6
-3.0
-9.9
-0.5
-14.6
-4.9
0.3
1.4
-18.2
-17.1
-22.3
-14.2
22.5
0.0
17.7

2006
15.4
28.3
27.8
-2.8
22.6
1.1
1.5
-30.8
2.3
-19.3
-8.4
-2.1
11.3
1.3
4.9
-1.8
-5.1
-18.3
-3.7
3.9
-3.6
-33.4
-5.0
-20.9
-1.4
-3.7
-9.6
-0.5
-13.5
-3.1
0.5
3.1
-20.4
-30.2
-24.1
5.2
39.6
-2.3
14.7

2007
8.3
30.4
24.3
-3.3
16.1
-7.0
0.4
-32.9
1.6
-17.5
-5.4
-4.0
12.0
0.1
4.4
-2.8
-6.3
-28.7
-5.3
3.5
-5.5
-41.7
-5.2
-18.0
-0.3
-10.3
-15.7
-0.8
-17.6
-7.3
0.7
1.1
-24.2
-40.6
-35.1
-0.5
25.7
-0.3
8.8

2008
9.1
28.0
28.6
-4.0
15.7
-4.3
-0.7
-31.3
1.4
-13.2
-10.5
-10.2
12.1
-1.8
-2.0
-2.8
-9.2
-32.3
-10.0
2.3
-7.2
-40.9
-4.8
-21.5
-4.3
-14.0
-19.8
-1.4
-23.8
-12.4
-2.1
-3.3
-28.1
-34.5
-33.7
-0.3
25.5
-4.6
12.3

2009
-0.5
10.8
4.1
-3.2
-1.6
-5.2
-0.8
-29.4
4.4
-9.4
-5.2
-6.7
1.1
-1.3
0.7
-2.9
-3.6
-32.4
-6.1
-3.1
-1.8
-28.0
-1.7
-19.1
-2.6
-9.1
-14.4
-1.2
-15.3
-9.4
0.5
-2.1
-22.8
-16.0
-29.5
-0.7
11.2
-1.6
1.8

2010
4.8
25.3
11.4
-4.3
5.2
-2.3
-0.9
-27.9
4.9
-10.3
-5.9
-5.6
1.3
-1.9
-0.4
-3.1
-4.8
-28.6
-6.1
-3.0
-2.6
-26.9
-3.3
-21.3
-2.8
-9.2
-11.5
-1.3
-18.3
-12.4
-1.6
-2.3
-23.8
-17.1
-31.6
-2.4
16.9
-2.0
5.4

2014
3.6
26.7
14.4
-3.8
12.7
-2.8
-0.5
-28.5
2.0
-9.9
-5.3
-5.8
1.0
-0.8
-2.2
-2.1
-4.8
-22.3
-3.4
-3.2
-2.7
-28.6
-4.4
-12.9
-2.9
-8.0
-6.2
-1.4
-15.3
-6.0
-0.8
-1.6
-21.2
-21.0
-21.9
1.0
16.0
-0.1
5.7

- , 2008 .
:
, ,
:

4.24
.
29

2001
0.2
12.9
-16.0
-6.4
9.9
-11.2
-4.6
-3.6
-10.7

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

-1.9 -0.8 0.4
1.9
3.6
1.0
7.7 13.0 13.1 20.6 24.8 22.6
-1.3 -5.2 3.5 16.8 25.2 15.9
-8.4 -8.3 -7.2 -5.5 -5.7 -9.9
3.2
5.7 3.5 15.2 17.2 14.3
-10.0 -8.7 -10.6 -11.7 -9.6 -8.3
-3.5 -4.6 -8.4 -1.2 -14.5 -15.7
-5.1 -1.8 -3.4 -3.4 0.6
0.8
-11.2 -11.2 -14.4 -3.4 -5.0 -9.1

29

2008
1.0
23.2
21.2
-8.3
7.0
-11.0
-11.1
0.4
-12.3

2009
-6.5
-1.7
-8.1
-9.6
-6.5
-10.1
-7.4
-5.8
-13.3

( %)
2010 2014
-4.7 -3.0
1.4
4.2
0.1
2.8
-9.0 -6.5
-4.8 3.6
-10.7 -8.6
-5.6 -12.2
-5.1 -3.0
-14.3 -12.3

World Economic Outlook April 2009, Crisis and Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary
Fund, pp. 208-211.

278

2001
-1.8
-31.8
3.0
-4.0
-7.0
-0.6
-2.9
-41.2
-4.6
-3.0
11.0
-2.6
-5.3
-2.7
-13.2
-3.1
-13.2
-16.6
-1.3
-6.8
-10.4
-11.7
3.2
4.3
-17.6
1.7
-5.1
4.7
-6.0
-22.7
-4.3
-19.5
-6.3
0.3
-12.7
-4.3
-4.5
-9.3
-5.1
-3.7
-19.9
-0.3
-1.9
-3.1
-12.5
-5.6
-3.2
-5.2
-6.0
-7.5
-4.7
-7.2

2002
-1.6
-94.7
-1.7
-1.6
-2.4
6.7
-1.6
0.9
6.8
-4.7
6.8
-2.8
-0.5
-2.5
-5.3
2.2
-20.7
-5.9
-6.0
-8.6
-3.1
3.0
5.7
3.7
-18.8
3.4
-9.7
-12.6
-10.7
-17.0
-5.6
-13.6
-2.0
0.8
-10.3
4.8
-6.2
-5.5
-3.6
-4.6
-13.8
-0.6
-2.7
-7.2
-17.8
-2.4
-7.3
-10.6
-7.0
-6.7
-5.2
-9.4

2003
-2.2
-48.8
-3.2
1.0
-23.5
2.1
3.4
-33.3
9.7
-1.4
9.5
-4.9
0.6
-0.4
-5.6
-0.2
-12.8
-26.4
-4.9
-5.8
-6.3
-13.6
2.4
3.2
-15.5
6.1
-7.5
-5.7
-12.4
-14.5
-6.1
0.2
-4.8
-1.1
-7.9
6.8
-4.2
-4.2
-2.9
-4.7
-14.7
-2.9
-3.8
-5.0
-19.4
-5.5
-5.4
-11.3
-7.9
-8.2
-6.9
-4.1
-6.8
-2.8 -2.5 -2.1
-5.5 -3.3 -5.8
-2.5 -8.3 -7.2
1.9 -0.3 -2.5
8.0
6.5
6.2
11.1 8.4
8.2
-0.8 1.0
0.2
-9.5 -6.2 -6.8
-0.9 -12.3 -27.8
-3.3 -2.2 -2.4

279

2004
-1.7
-17.4
-4.6
-2.4
8.8
1.6
-1.3
-21.6
-0.7
-4.0
11.2
-13.4
-4.0
-2.2
6.2
0.1
-5.7
-21.1
-9.1
-7.3
-8.5
-34.6
0.8
1.7
-8.9
7.0
-7.3
6.0
1.9
-16.8
-6.1
-6.0
-5.8
-3.2
-6.5
3.1
-3.6
-3.0
-2.7
0.1
-11.7
-8.3
-5.1
-4.0
-16.3
-6.6
-4.6
-11.7
-8.4
-12.8
-7.6
-8.4
-7.2
-4.0
-8.4
-12.1
-3.7
8.2
10.1
2.2
-0.5
-29.8
-5.3

2005
-6.5
2.4
-7.2
-10.4
4.2
0.2
-3.2
-6.2
0.3
-6.0
22.9
-20.1
-8.1
0.2
-0.5
-0.8
-7.5
-38.4
-10.9
-11.7
-8.6
-47.2
-3.5
1.8
-11.4
4.7
-8.9
6.9
2.3
-10.3
-7.7
-19.7
-7.1
-4.0
-11.1
-4.1
-4.1
7.8
-1.0
-1.4
-8.3
-11.0
-4.8
-6.1
-18.0
-12.4
-5.8
-10.0
-7.5
-12.5
-7.1
-2.6
-8.5
-1.2
-8.9
-8.7
-4.6
8.7
11.0
1.3
-1.0
1.3
1.4

2006
-3.0
-9.0
-6.1
-2.1
-4.7
2.8
-14.7
7.1
-3.6
-9.1
12.7
-14.6
-9.7
-1.4
-11.3
-2.5
4.3
-13.8
-8.8
-7.2
-4.2
-1.3
-5.3
2.2
-9.2
13.8
-9.7
13.5
-3.9
-28.8
-9.5
-13.9
-3.5
-6.3
-15.2
-7.4
-7.7
-2.9
-2.0
-3.4
1.2
-6.1
-6.5
-5.6
-8.4
-18.4
-6.7
-16.7
-7.5
-22.5
-10.7
-0.9
-24.1
-2.7
-10.4
-10.1
-6.0
7.4
9.5
0.6
-1.8
17.6
-3.9

2007
-6.1
-10.5
-6.7
-1.5
-25.9
-0.7
-25.6
4.3
-3.7
-4.5
15.6
-13.4
-11.7
-7.4
10.1
-4.1
12.7
-31.7
-14.5
-1.7
-7.9
-11.4
-8.0
0.2
-9.5
9.2
-9.0
5.8
-1.7
-29.9
-11.8
-23.4
-3.8
-7.3
-12.5
-1.4
-9.0
-3.9
-2.6
-3.1
-6.6
-1.4
-7.7
-9.1
-12.7
-25.1
-7.6
-18.1
-6.4
-22.6
-14.6
-7.2
-29.3
-4.7
-13.9
-15.3
-5.8
4.2
5.9
-1.3
-6.4
28.8
-6.8

2008
-8.6
-11.4
-9.2
-15.4
-6.8
2.4
-39.2
9.8
-2.7
-5.8
17.3
-17.1
-18.2
-10.3
-2.0
-6.7
-3.2
-26.3
-24.4
-6.3
-8.2
-15.7
-8.7
-5.6
-12.6
2.3
-12.6
4.5
-7.2
-32.8
-12.3
-32.1
-8.4
-7.4
-9.3
-6.4
-9.7
-6.6
-4.5
-3.2
-7.4

2009
-8.0
-14.9
-8.5
-26.1
-12.7
1.6
-16.1
-7.7
1.0
-5.8
1.5
-19.4
-10.9
-1.2
-3.6
-3.6
-11.0
-43.2
-16.8
-3.7
-6.7
-9.0
-11.2
-2.5
-11.7
-0.7
-22.0
-9.0
-6.6
-44.3
-11.9
-26.7
-4.8
-5.8
-11.6
-5.5
-8.7
-6.1
-2.9
-6.2
-8.5

2010
-8.6
-5.5
-9.3
-28.7
1.2
-1.6
-16.6
-2.9
2.0
-5.8
3.6
-18.2
-14.0
-3.2
-5.6
-4.6
-22.2
-62.7
-15.6
-4.4
-7.0
-16.4
-12.1
-3.0
-10.9
-0.8
-30.9
-3.5
-6.4
-39.1
-10.0
-24.6
-4.6
-6.0
-10.0
-7.7
-8.8
-5.9
-4.3
-6.5
-7.2

2014
-8.2
-11.4
-8.4
-16.5
-11.8
-3.4
-18.8
4.1
4.1
-3.3
1.5
-17.4
-6.3
-4.2
-9.4
-4.0
-15.1
-14.2
-7.0
-1.5
-7.1
6.8
-4.9
-0.8
-9.3
1.5
-7.7
-1.3
-6.3
-35.3
-9.9
-21.7
-3.5
-6.8
-9.1
-2.9
-6.5
-5.7
-4.1
-2.7
-3.0

-7.6
-13.5
-15.0
-24.4
-9.4
-9.2
-7.8
-13.2
-11.6
-13.1
-31.3
-5.5
-12.6
-17.3
-5.7
5.0
6.1
1.2
-12.6
35.5
-8.4

-4.1
-11.3
-9.3
-12.3
-6.5
-6.5
-3.9
-6.7
-4.0
-14.1
-23.2
-4.5
-7.5
-12.2
-1.2
0.0
0.5
-1.4
-11.5
10.8
-8.1

-3.5 -3.4
-7.4 -8.9
-9.2 -8.2
-3.6 -3.0
-4.1 -4.5
-5.4 -7.8
-3.4 -1.1
-5.5 -3.2
-5.3 -5.7
-12.6 -8.9
-16.7 -11.7
-3.9 -2.9
-6.5 -6.3
-11.3 -5.4
-1.6 -2.5
1.5 -0.7
1.4 -1.5
1.8
1.9
-11.0 -7.7
18.4 11.9
-5.6 -5.7

2001
-6.4
-5.4
-1.5
-1.8
-12.0
-4.9
1.7
3.7
-1.0
1.5
-0.9
-8.5
48.4
-1.1
1.3
-6.7
0.3
4.3
16.1
-10.7
7.9
-9.4
-2.4
4.5
0.4
6.5
-2.4
0.1
-9.4
-1.1
4.4
-12.6
-9.5
2.0
2.1
6.4
2.8
0.0
5.2

2002
-6.1
-4.2
-4.0
-1.2
-8.6
-3.5
6.7
7.5
1.2
2.4
-3.7
0.3
-15.8
41.2
-2.4
2.4
2.5
1.4
4.0
7.6
-9.4
8.0
-5.6
0.2
4.2
3.9
-1.0
-0.4
-1.1
-6.5
-1.4
3.7
-15.9
5.1
-5.4
-1.7
4.7
-0.7
0.7
3.1

2003
-9.4
-0.9
1.7
-6.6
-7.1
-1.3
2.7
5.8
5.8
2.7
-15.7
0.3
-23.6
47.7
-3.6
2.8
-6.6
1.5
3.5
-19.5
-12.4
12.0
-4.6
-1.0
2.4
4.9
4.5
0.4
-95.3
9.1
-0.4
3.4
-15.4
-3.1
-6.6
-4.9
8.1
2.0
2.4
0.6

0.1
23.9
-19.3
12.3
9.8
27.3
5.1
8.3
9.5
6.8
-2.7
-8.0
-1.4
-11.6
-4.4
-21.9
-3.4
-4.2
-1.6
-1.2
-3.7
-18.4

5.7
11.2
-14.1
3.0
6.7
21.9
6.3
5.4
4.9
4.1
-0.9
-11.5
8.9
-7.8
-6.8
-17.7
-4.1
-1.5
-0.9
-1.5
-4.9
-13.6

12.2
19.7
-13.2
19.9
3.8
25.3
13.1
-6.6
8.5
1.5
0.5
-12.9
6.3
-8.6
-6.3
-18.2
1.0
0.8
-1.1
-1.1
-4.8
-12.8

280

2004
-6.7
0.8
4.9
-2.3
1.3
-3.9
0.6
10.6
7.2
2.6
-4.9
-0.3
-17.9
48.6
-2.2
3.6
-12.9
0.1
0.6
-11.1
-16.9
12.1
-16.2
2.4
2.7
1.8
2.2
1.9
-6.8
23.5
-3.1
1.7
20.7
4.2
-5.0
-3.5
11.7
4.2
4.3
0.9
-39.6
0.8
30.6
-15.5
22.3
2.4
22.4
20.8
-1.6
9.1
1.6
1.0
-8.3
2.1
-5.4
-12.4
-14.7
3.8
1.8
2.2
-0.8
-4.3
-16.5

2005
-10.9
-1.8
2.8
-10.3
1.3
-2.7
5.1
2.9
7.7
4.0
-2.8
0.0
-30.4
52.8
-3.8
7.2
-12.1
-1.3
0.1
-19.1
-17.2
15.0
-35.9
3.7
2.0
-1.4
4.2
2.0
-1.6
-9.8
-2.5
-4.3
78.4
-2.6
-7.4
-1.1
19.7
11.0
3.2
8.8
6.1
-17.4
42.5
-13.4
38.4
15.2
33.2
28.7
-2.2
18.0
3.8
1.3
-12.3
1.7
-10.0
-12.8
-13.6
6.5
1.6
1.2
-1.3
-4.9
-28.0

2006
-15.1
-2.5
-3.1
-11.8
7.0
-2.8
15.7
-1.5
9.1
6.0
-4.9
1.2
-4.3
56.3
-0.6
9.5
-24.7
-1.1
3.0
-2.6
-10.5
16.7
-33.0
7.1
2.2
-3.9
2.3
4.5
-4.6
-5.6
-5.3
1.1
165.2
-9.7
-4.1
-0.3
21.0
13.8
0.8
9.2
15.4
-10.8
49.8
-5.6
45.8
12.1
28.3
27.9
-2.8
22.6
1.1
1.5
-31.4
2.3
-20.4
-8.4
-2.1
11.3
1.3
4.9
-1.8
-4.5
-17.8

2007
-19.6
-7.8
-0.2
-17.0
6.7
-11.2
15.4
-3.7
7.3
6.9
0.9
1.1
11.0
50.7
-2.7
11.0
-17.3
-1.0
2.4
-1.0
-18.0
15.4
-40.3
9.2
0.4
-4.8
1.8
4.9
-6.1
-2.8
-4.3
5.7
296.1
-10.4
-5.9
-9.8
18.2
15.8
1.4
11.9
15.5
-16.8
44.7
-7.1
33.8
5.9
30.9
25.1
-3.3
16.1
-7.0
0.4
-33.4
1.6
-18.2
-5.2
-4.0
13.2
0.1
4.4
-2.8
-6.3
-29.2

2008
-22.6
5.3
-6.5
-19.4
-9.6
-8.8
19.6
-7.2
13.6
5.8
-1.5
0.9
11.7
50.6
-10.9
10.0
-26.1
-2.8
0.1
-0.9
-15.6
17.4
-55.6
3.3
2.5
-8.4
2.8
2.5
-9.4
-6.8
-9.4
-0.1
408.3
-10.4
-6.2
-9.4
18.8
10.6
0.5
5.2
19.1
-12.7
44.7
-11.4
39.2
6.1
35.3
28.9
-4.0
15.8
-2.0
-0.7
-19.5
1.4
-13.4
-8.4
-11.4
11.5
-1.8
-2.0
-2.8
-8.9
-31.9

2009
-16.4
-6.4
-6.3
-19.4
-6.5
-9.7
15.7
0.6
7.7
6.4
-3.7
0.9
2.8
35.2
-7.5
10.3
-21.2
-2.5
-0.4
-3.1
-11.7
12.9
-17.8
1.3
2.3
-5.9
-6.7
2.3
-8.4
-9.6
-2.7
0.6
66.2
-8.8
-5.3
-4.8
-0.6
1.6
-3.0
-5.2
-6.1
-11.2
25.8
-10.5
8.3
-0.2
7.5
-1.8
-3.1
-5.6
-2.3
-2.2
-18.6
1.0
-9.5
-7.2
-6.7
-2.1
-1.8
-4.8
-3.9
-5.3
-25.2

2010
-16.7
1.1
-8.4
-16.6
-6.2
-8.3
9.2
1.4
6.8
5.7
-4.7
-0.1
-8.7
36.8
-7.2
9.3
-16.1
-2.6
-0.7
-6.3
-6.5
10.7
-17.2
0.2
0.1
-4.9
-4.7
1.6
-5.3
-0.3
-0.8
0.2
49.4
-8.7
-4.8
-4.2
3.2
3.6
-4.1
-3.6
3.2
-10.6
29.3
-10.0
11.7
2.1
18.1
4.5
-4.4
-1.0
-1.3
-1.6
-20.5
1.8
-10.4
-6.9
-6.2
-1.1
-1.8
-5.0
-3.3
-5.3
-24.9

2014
-12.5
4.4
-3.6
-13.7
17.0
-3.4
17.8
-2.3
5.6
6.1
-5.8
-0.5
-32.2
38.6
-4.9
9.4
-8.2
-2.5
-1.0
-11.4
-13.8
9.8
-11.8
-2.8
-2.2
-3.9
-3.1
-0.1
0.0
-22.7
1.4
-0.4
-50.8
-7.6
-6.5
-3.2
8.2
9.6
-2.3
0.4
11.5
-9.4
44.6
-7.9
24.7
0.1
11.2
11.5
-4.0
6.9
-1.1
-0.7
-20.3
2.0
-9.9
-7.2
-6.0
-1.3
-1.1
-3.2
-1.5
-5.2
-20.7

2001
-3.0
-3.2
-1.1
-19.7
-6.5
-15.0
-2.0
-6.3
-8.3
-2.6
-19.4
-1.5
-4.2
-2.1
-32.0
-15.6
-10.4
-15.2
5.0
-2.9
1.6

2002
-3.6
-4.8
-2.8
-26.6
-6.1
-11.9
-0.9
-3.6
-11.2
-2.0
-17.7
-0.8
1.8
-1.9
-39.1
-15.0
-11.5
-5.6
0.9
2.9
8.2

2003
4.9
-1.5
-4.7
-25.3
-4.6
-8.6
-1.6
-6.8
-7.5
-1.0
-16.2
-4.5
2.3
-1.5
-34.8
-14.7
-20.8
-10.8
8.7
-0.5
14.1

2004
4.8
-1.7
-4.0
-9.0
-4.9
-9.3
-1.6
-7.7
-6.4
-0.7
-14.5
-7.5
2.1
0.0
-20.1
-10.9
-24.8
-2.1
12.5
0.3
13.8

2005
-1.4
0.8
-3.3
-31.3
-4.5
-14.8
2.6
-3.0
-9.4
-0.5
-14.6
-4.9
0.3
1.4
-18.2
-17.1
-22.3
-4.3
22.4
0.0
17.7

2006
-3.6
3.9
-3.6
-33.4
-5.0
-20.9
-1.4
-3.7
-10.2
-0.5
-13.6
-3.1
0.5
3.0
-20.4
-30.2
-24.1
1.8
37.5
-2.3
14.7

2007
-5.0
2.3
-5.5
-41.9
-5.2
-18.0
-0.3
-10.3
-14.9
-0.8
-18.3
-7.3
0.7
1.4
-23.8
-31.3
-35.1
2.9
24.8
-0.8
8.8

2008
-9.7
2.4
-7.2
-42.2
-4.8
-20.8
-3.1
-14.0
-15.3
-1.4
-23.2
-12.4
-1.4
-3.3
-24.2
-29.5
-33.7
0.2
26.8
-3.6
12.3

2009
-6.8
-3.5
-2.3
-32.9
-4.0
-18.1
-3.3
-8.0
-12.5
-2.5
-15.5
-10.1
-1.0
-3.3
-19.4
-24.2
-29.3
-7.8
7.4
-1.7
-0.4

2010
-6.9
-2.3
-3.9
-30.4
-4.9
-15.6
-2.8
-9.2
-10.9
-2.2
-14.5
-11.6
-0.9
-3.2
-19.4
-22.5
-29.8
-1.9
10.2
-2.4
4.1

2014
-5.6
-2.0
-3.0
-26.0
-4.0
-11.4
0.7
-8.0
-8.2
-1.8
-7.7
-7.0
0.6
-1.6
5.8
-22.1
-20.8
1.3
8.2
-1.2
8.4

- , 2008.
:
, , :

4.25
.
30, 1
1998-2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

2




3

4

2




3

4


2




3

4

77.9
152.0
-2.7
-71.3
-4.7
-38.2

78.2 53.0
170.7 151.6
-47.1 -45.9
-45.4 -52.8
16.6 25.6
-89.4 -153.3

177.5
150.0
1.8
25.7
-48.9
-302.6

226.5
191.6
17.7
17.2
-46.1
-425.2

285.7
251.7
32.7
1.2
-83.4
-541.6

262.0
254.4
-32.4
39.9
-140.2
-719.1

2007

( )
2008 2009 2010

696.5 129.5
411.2 425.0
88.1 -85.4
197.1 -210.1
-69.5 -105.7
-1,227.3 -676.9

-52.5
279.0
-99.8
-231.6
50.3
-360.2

28.3
269.5
-110.4
-130.8
-14.2
-569.2

-9.7

48.0 80.7 149.6 223.8 448.3 659.7

664.5 724.6 355.6 548.1

6.3
7.6
2.5
-3.8
0.9
-3.9

1.9
23.1
-6.4
-14.8
5.6
-10.4

28.8
15.6
2.3
10.9
1.0
-7.2

16.1 16.5 39.0

17.7 13.0 15.1
2.2 0.6
5.6
-3.7 3.0 18.3
-4.2 15.5 5.1
-1.7 -8.0 -10.8

-5.9
4.2
0.1

-0.8
4.9
0.9

0.5
3.8 17.5
13.6 17.4 15.9
-1.4 -0.5 10.5
-11.7 -13.1 -8.9
5.2
4.2
2.4
-5.7 -10.9 -31.6

-1.6
5.1
0.6

30

22.9
5.4
0.8

16.9
23.4
5.9
-12.5
8.3
-43.2

6.9
20.3
17.1
-30.5
6.6
-54.5

30.0
31.5
9.8
-11.3
6.6
-61.1

28.5
41.9
-20.8
7.5
6.0
-53.6

21.0
26.4
5.2
-10.6
15.6
13.9

45.9
32.2
8.5
5.2
16.4
-22.4

52.3
31.7
17.0
3.5
9.8
-12.8

103.4
40.0
18.9
44.5
3.1
-44.1

118.8
64.4
-0.4
54.7
3.8
-32.7

185.5 154.7 6.4 47.1

77.1
69.3 31.8 37.4
-2.9
-9.9 -7.5
4.7
111.3 95.3 -18.0 5.0
-6.4
21.1 34.5 14.7
-36.3 -5.7 -1.9 -0.6

1.6
13.2
-0.2

22.9
11.7
-3.7

56.2
21.4
12.7

124.9
28.3
15.8

-97.4 -98.5 -17.8

49.1 16.6 25.7
-31.3 2.6
6.3

World Economic Outlook October 2009, Sustaining the Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International
Monetary Fund, p. 192.

281


3

4

6

2




3

4

7

2




3

4






3

4

2


2

1

3
4
5

6
7

-10.2
-12.7
-4.8

-6.6 -7.4 16.7 -11.4 14.9 22.1

80.9 -115.2 -117.8 -49.9
2.6 6.6 -13.2 -6.2 -11.9 -30.2 -1.6 -25.7 20.8 17.8
-14.4 -15.1 -32.7 -54.9 -77.1 -127.8 -168.1 33.2 20.8 -78.3

-12.9
53.0
-10.1
-55.8
8.9
-21.2

30.5
46.3
-18.5
2.7
-2.7
-58.8

51.0
60.1
-12.1
2.9
-10.2
-110.8

81.1
58.6
23.9
-1.4
-17.8
-166.8

143.1
68.0
38.9
36.2
0.8
-258.8

90.2
93.7
15.4
-18.9
0.5
-235.2

54.9
84.7
-50.9
21.0
-2.4
-322.6

3.7
4.8
-5.4
4.3
-11.4
-3.7

-8.1
9.4
-11.5
-6.0
-12.4
-5.9

-19.7
8.5
-18.3
-9.8
-7.8
-15.0

9.9
15.4
-15.5
10.0
-30.7
-47.8

-3.7
12.7
-24.3
7.8
-43.8
-44.9

2.0
29.3
-9.0
-18.4
-42.2
-108.5

-11.6 43.3 -58.9 48.0

34.1
34.7
34.5 39.5
-22.5 -36.1 -10.7 1.5
-23.2 44.7 -82.8 7.0
-74.4 -73.4 -110.2 -51.6
-131.3 -199.3 -161.9 -44.4

57.9
66.6
8.0
-16.7
8.6
2.5

38.5
69.3
-13.8
-16.9
27.7
1.8

6.4
51.3
-15.2
-29.7
16.4
1.5

20.9
38.1
-12.5
-4.8
3.5
-33.6

15.7
50.1
-24.3
-10.2
-9.2
-22.2

50.3
53.7
5.1
-8.5
-41.1
-33.5

36.9 112.2 67.0 24.8 40.4

29.5
86.6
90.4 71.1 70.1
11.5
38.4 -20.6 -16.5 4.9
-4.1 -12.8 -2.9 -29.7 -34.6
-43.6 -0.9
3.6 27.5 7.6
-50.3 -133.1 -51.5 -19.3 -18.1

-6.8

-13.9 -30.0 21.8

-9.0

2.8

84.7

92.1 82.9 155.7 235.5 282.9 253.9

8.1

200.6 35.7 -54.3 -113.0

153.1 139.8 93.4 65.6
63.2
7.9 -85.2 -127.5
-15.6 -112.1 -62.5 -51.1
6.2
-0.3
3.6
5.4
-629.5 -437.5 -329.3 -344.3
25.8
38.5
-7.4
-5.3
-76.1
-105.4

117.9 -223.1 -88.1 -22.3

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4.26
.
31, 1
1998-2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

2




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4

2




3

64.3
164.2
41.4
-141.2
7.1
-89.5

73.5
180.5
-76.9
-30.1
2.3
-132.7

54.0 154.2
144.4 161.3
-86.4 -3.8
-4.1 -3.3
14.8 -43.3
-191.3 -360.6

222.0
183.9
10.0
28.0
-64.9
-501.9

2007

( )
2008 2009 2010

226.8 202.8 617.5 109.3 -190.3 -6.5

243.7 241.4 359.0 459.3 312.8 303.1
-5.6 -100.7 39.5 -155.2 -234.5 -195.3
-11.3 62.2 219.2 -194.6 -268.5 -114.2
-98.5 -154.1 -100.5 -60.0 57.6 -28.1
-585.7 -751.7 -1257.8 -865.7 -266.5 -512.2

41.7

93.3 138.0 233.6 312.3 532.0 728.7 741.5 793.0 355.7 473.8

3.8
7.4
3.8
-7.3
5.3

1.3
2.0
4.9 13.0
23.1 14.3 17.1 15.8
-7.9 -1.6 -0.4
5.6
-14.0 -10.7 -11.8 -8.4
6.5
8.8
6.2
4.2

31

26.0
23.3
4.2
-1.5
0.5

35.2
23.4
17.6
-5.7
-10.0

33.4
32.1
9.9
-8.3
5.0

24.2 30.2
32.4 27.6
-15.8 0.9
7.9
1.8
11.1 15.1

44.7
31.7
4.1
9.0
12.8

World Economic Outlook April 2009, Crisis and Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary
Fund, p. 212.

282

2




3

4

2




3

4

6

2




3

4

7
2




3

4


2




3

4

2


2

1

3
4
5

6
7

-3.9

-10.2

-5.7

-11.5 -31.7 -43.3 -54.3 -61.6

30.8
15.4
4.1
11.3
-0.7
-8.4

5.6 25.9 42.3

17.4 12.2 13.3
0.2
3.1
9.7
-12.0 10.6 19.2
5.2
4.5 -2.4
-11.0 -14.2 -9.3

-16.3
4.2
-3.5
-17.0
-2.2
-4.8

6.9 15.7 19.0 2.6 30.4 55.1

4.9
5.2
5.4 13.1 11.6 20.7
-1.2
0.4 -0.4
4.3
-4.9 12.9
3.1 10.1 14.1 -14.8 23.7 21.5
-5.1 -10.8 -9.4 -7.6 -19.6 -29.8
-14.4 -15.1 -32.7 -54.9 -77.1 -127.8

127.2
26.6
14.5
86.1
-5.9
-168.1

-127.4 -119.0
44.4 17.3
-36.8 1.6
-135.1 -137.9
-0.7 25.1
33.1 94.3

-13.4
64.0
27.6
-105.0
2.4
-67.2

24.3 23.9 66.9 145.6 85.3 31.8

53.5 52.4 70.6 64.7 100.5 94.3
-50.7 -60.2 10.3 10.2 -5.3 -107.2
21.4 31.7 -13.9 70.7 -10.0 44.6
-13.1 2.6 -18.4 -13.4 -21.7 -21.7
-87.7 -154.9 -236.7 -338.7 -288.3 -372.2

164.8
138.5
11.2
15.2
-36.6
-673.1

127.9 -46.9 -35.6

222.6 161.6 138.8
-65.9 -192.1 -204.5
-28.7 -16.3 30.1
-13.1 -11.3 -40.0
-634.3 -514.5 -526.9

61.3 99.9
30.0 37.4
25.3 25.9
6.1 36.6
-4.1
0.0
-8.1 -36.1

-53.8 21.7

-3.6

120.0 173.6 147.1 -38.3 13.4

58.9 72.0 64.1 30.1 32.5
9.4
-7.4 -13.2 -6.1 4.6
51.7 108.9 96.2 -62.4 -23.6
-7.9
-6.0
7.3 26.8 9.6
-20.3 -31.2 -9.7 36.6 6.1

-120.9
11.4
-12.3
-120.1
-75.6
-151.3

-29.5
17.6
-14.4
-32.7
-9.4
46.6

-40.0
22.9
3.4
-66.4
6.2
8.0

0.5
6.5
-3.5
-2.6
-5.3
-7.8

-7.6 -19.2 1.4 -17.7 -53.7 -50.0 11.0

12.3 9.1 17.0 10.4 17.6 14.9
4.0
-11.8 -16.1 -18.0 -21.7 -36.2 -25.7 -31.0
-8.1 -12.3 2.3
-6.4 -35.1 -39.2 38.0
-12.8 -8.2 -24.4 -33.9 -27.3 -67.0 -58.9
-11.1 -2.9 -36.7 -46.3 -107.2 -126.2 -191.5

-24.1
15.7
-6.4
-33.4
-22.1
-10.6

58.9
66.6
13.0
-20.7
7.6
2.5

43.2 5.7 19.7 17.1 39.0

69.2 51.2 38.0 50.0 53.3
-5.6 -12.0 -5.0 -13.6 10.7
-20.4 -33.4 -13.3 -19.3 -25.0
21.7 17.8 5.1 -10.1 -30.4
1.7
1.4 -33.7 -22.1 -33.6

-22.1

-6.0

-14.5 13.5 -18.4 -27.7 -9.0

86.4

79.6

68.5 140.7 240.3 254.5 211.8 523.7 427.5 -41.9 72.9

10.8 107.4 58.5 13.3 35.2

29.1 85.8 84.3 58.7 61.6
-7.7 42.3 -11.2 -24.4 3.6
-10.6 -20.6 -14.7 -21.0 -29.9
-17.7 1.8
11.0 11.3 5.4
-51.0 -132.4 -49.8 48.9 14.8

93.8 -318.3 -148.4 -79.4

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77.9
-135.1
213.1

2006

2007

( )
2008 2009 2010

78.2 53.0 177.5 226.5 285.7 262.0 696.5 129.5 -52.5 28.3
-86.3 -100.0 -134.4 -237.0 -393.7 -739.7 -963.6 -576.4 -489.3 -588.9
164.5 153.0 311.9 463.5 679.3 1,001.7 1,1660.1 705.9 436.8 617.2

6.3
-9.7
16.0

1.9
0.5
3.8
17.5 16.9
-11.6 -11.5 -13.3 -12.0 -19.2
13.5 12.0 17.1 29.5 36.1

28.8
-6.8
35.6

16.1
-8.6
24.7

-5.9
-11.5
5.6

-0.8 -1.6 22.9

1.6 22.9 56.2
-13.6 -25.7 -23.7 -57.7 -85.8 -97.3
12.8 24.1 46.6 59.3 108.8 153.5

-12.9
-65.5
52.6

30.5 51.0 81.1 143.1 90.2 54.9

200.6 35.7 -54.3 -113.0
-20.3 -34.1 -37.5 -27.7 -141.2 -230.6 -266.2 -210.6 -311.9 -369.3
50.8 85.0 118.6 170.9 231.4 285.5 466.8 246.3 257.7 256.2

3.7
-7.3
11.0

-8.1 -19.7 9.9

-3.7
2.0
-11.6
43.3
2.7 -1.4 -17.4 -63.6 -85.4 -234.0 -353.9
-10.7 -18.3 27.3 59.9 87.4 222.4 397.2

57.9
-34.2
92.1

38.5 6.4 20.9 15.7 50.3 36.9

-35.0 -24.8 -32.1 -45.0 -44.6 -90.2
73.5 31.2 52.9 60.6 94.9 127.1

16.5
-2.6
19.6

6.9
-32.3
39.2

30.0
-28.3
58.3

28.5 21.0 45.9

-10.6 -16.6 -17.7
39.1 37.6 63.6

39.0 52.3 103.4 118.8

-10.4 -31.0 -17.5 -55.3
49.4 83.3 120.9 174.0

185.5
-44.5
230.0

154.7 6.4
47.1
-28.4 -11.4 -11.7
183.1 17.8 58.9

124.9 -97.4 -98.5 -17.8

-162.0 -264.4 -93.8 -98.6
286.9 167.0 -4.7 80.8

-58.9 -48.0 -25.8

18.2
9.5 -34.1
-77.2 38.5 59.8

112.2 67.0 24.8 40.4

-108.7 -80.6 -65.1 -57.5
220.9 147.6 89.9 97.9

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32

World Economic Outlook October 2009, Sustaining the Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International
Monetary Fund, p. 199.

284

 4.28
.
33, 1
1998-2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

64.3
221.6
-113.4

2006

2007

( )
2008 2009 2010

73.5 54.0 154.2 222.0 226.8 202.8 617.5 109.3 -190.3 -6.5
170.1 167.1 418.5 666.6 841.9 1,314.4 2,129.8 753.9 524.5 957.1
-101.4 -113.2 -268.5 -446.8 -618.5 -1,111.9 -1,512.7 -645.0 -715.0 -963.6

3.8
15.0
-6.5

1.3
2.0
4.9 13.0 26.0
14.1 14.2 19.2 25.7 45.3
-12.9 -12.3 -14.2 -12.8 -19.3

35.2
70.0
-34.6

33.4
62.7
-29.1

24.2 30.2
41.3 33.8
-16.8 -3.6

30.8
37.6
-2.4

5.6
15.0
-9.4

25.9 42.3 61.3 99.9 120.0

28.9 53.1 92.7 117.9 174.3
-3.0 -10.9 -31.3 -18.0 -54.4

173.6
217.2
-43.7

147.1 -38.3 13.4

155.5 -51.6 17.0
-8.5 13.2 -3.6

-16.3
1.8
-1.8

6.9
11.1
-4.3

15.7 19.0 2.6 30.4

55.1
22.8 45.9 62.6 112.4 160.5
-7.1 -26.9 -60.0 -82.0 -105.5

127.2 -127.4 -119.0 -40.0

283.7 154.4 -3.8 78.3
-156.5 -281.8 -115.2 -118.3

-13.4
56.5
-71.3

24.3 23.9 66.9 145.6 85.3

31.8
57.7 80.7 215.4 355.1 391.6 558.1
-38.8 -56.6 -152.7 -211.6 -308.5 -526.5

164.8 127.9 -46.9 -35.6

931.4 326.9 464.9 662.4
-767.0 -199.3 -511.8 -697.9

0.5
18.3
-17.1

-7.6
-3.3
-3.7

11.0 -120.9 -29.5 -24.1

413.7 -67.0 6.8 54.5
-402.9 -54.1 -36.6 -78.8

58.9
92.4
-14.3

43.2 5.7 19.7 17.1 39.0

75.5 30.1 53.9 63.8 90.4
-32.4 -24.3 -34.2 -46.7 -51.4

-19.2 1.4 -17.7 -53.7 -50.0

-9.5 31.0 66.8 84.3 246.3
-9.8 -29.6 -84.5 -139.3 -296.5
10.8
105.2
-94.4

44.7
50.9
-6.1

107.4 58.5 13.3 35.2

221.0 142.9 74.3 94.1
-113.6 -84.5 -61.0 -58.9

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33

World Economic Outlook April 2009, Crisis and Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary
Fund, p. 213.

285

 4.29
. 34, 1
2001

`


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2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

.
857.1 1,032.8 1,363.7 1,815.4 2,311.2 3,081.8 4,378.4 4,962.5 5,322.7 5,891.9
64.2
35.4

71.6
35.7

89.9
39.6

125.9
62.0

159.9
82.6

221.0
115.7

289.2
146.6

332.0
157.5

318.1
141.7

340.6
152.2

18.6

22.1

25.7

31.7

35.5

50.1

65.4

73.6

68.1

76.1

75.0
43.9
33.1
10.8
380.2
216.3
46.4
117.5
135.1
158.6
35.6
44.8

92.8
58.1
44.6
13.5
497.1
292.0
68.2
136.9
152.6
160.5
37.5
50.6

115.9
92.3
73.8
18.5
671.1
409.2
99.5
162.4
199.3
195.4
48.9
59.0

135.8 166.2 211.7 268.1

148.8 214.4 356.1 548.7
121.5 176.5 296.2 467.6
27.3
37.9
59.8
81.2
935.8 1,157.8 1,491.5 2,131.6
615.5 822.5 1,069.5 1,531.3
127.2 132.5 171.3 267.6
193.1 202.8 250.7 332.6
248.5 357.7 491.1 695.6
220.6 255.3 310.3 445.1
52.5
53.3
85.2
179.5
64.1
74.1
76.3
87.1

265.5
504.0
413.4
90.5
2,537.7
1,950.3
248.0
339.3
825.9
497.5
192.9
95.1

267.4
483.1
380.7
102.4
2,867.0
2,240.0
263.1
363.8
870.3
516.8
219.8
93.5

267.9
561.5
434.3
127.2
3,211.3
2,528.6
284.8
397.9
975.7
534.9
240.2
93.5

188.0 214.9 291.7 419.1 612.9 927.2 1,343.1 1,474.2 1,460.7 1,652.1
669.1 817.9 1,072.0 1,396.3 1,698.3 2,154.6 3,035.3 3,488.3 3,862.0 4,239.8
19.2 21.1
22.5
23.8
25.7
31.0
33.0
43.0
49.0
51.6
392.0 458.0
15.5 18.2

580.4
34.7

679.2
38.4

762.3
39.1

960.3 1,332.8 1,385.7 1,458.8 1,545.9

44.7
54.6
58.2
64.2
70.3

36.6

50.3

60.3

74.9

90.5

40.7

123.5

121.5

124.5

134.9

12.2 15.4
18.0
22.3
23.1
30.5
41.0
45.0
47.1
51.8
164.1 188.9 250.2 313.8 437.0 598.5 840.0 1,002.2 1,048.0 1,166.0

3

48.8 54.7
60.7
63.4
67.1
75.3
87.1
80.4
107.0 107.9
45.2
33.0

45.9
30.2

47.2
27.0

53.3
34.4

56.8
37.6

70.0
46.7

72.8
47.4

67.3
42.1

76.6
45.7

74.8
44.5

30.7

34.6

33.7

33.2

30.4

38.1

38.9

34.0

37.0

36.9

36.5
34.3
44.6
20.0
58.2
79.7
65.0
37.8
67.4
37.1
49.0
24.2

39.5
40.9
52.9
23.3
67.7
89.0
90.0
41.4
69.1
40.2
60.8
27.3

37.9
52.5
71.5
25.4
74.0
91.1
107.1
44.5
78.2
47.2
76.8
31.4

33.9
65.3
93.0
28.1
79.1
101.5
97.0
43.3
77.9
44.4
65.6
29.8

35.6
76.8
107.4
33.0
81.4
115.5
72.8
38.4
87.4
43.4
54.4
30.5

37.4
101.2
141.7
41.9
89.2
125.4
75.5
42.3
99.3
44.8
70.7
27.4

37.3
115.6
165.5
42.3
106.8
148.0
95.1
49.0
112.8
53.8
113.8
28.5

30.8
81.3
112.3
36.0
106.6
158.2
73.6
41.8
101.1
49.9
87.6
28.5

44.8
115.9
163.2
55.8
144.4
227.8
81.1
53.6
113.0
65.4
129.6
36.3

41.4
123.2
172.0
62.5
144.8
221.8
83.3
54.1
118.7
62.1
126.9
33.5

34

World Economic Outlook October 2009, Sustaining the Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International
Monetary Fund, pp. 194-195.

286



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,

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1

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

57.9
46.7
47.1

59.3
53.6
51.3

68.7
58.8
48.3

78.5
59.9
41.1

89.8
61.5
35.6

112.6
65.9
38.0

125.6
76.7
31.7

106.1
73.0
32.7

125.0
101.5
45.5

130.7
101.1
42.8

38.3
36.5

43.4
38.1

47.6
60.2

44.4
55.4

41.6
46.6

44.0
45.7

50.3
45.6

43.2
39.4

57.0
46.2

55.8
46.8

29.6

35.3

36.7

34.8

35.0

35.6

39.9

31.1

39.0

39.5

28.5
68.7

31.2
71.9

30.9
82.5

31.1
82.4

27.0
90.9

31.3
104.4

33.8
116.9

30.3
105.2

34.8
118.1

35.5
122.9

1 35 SDR:
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4.30
. 35, 1
2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

877.1 1,040.0 1,356.4 1,805.2 2,294.7 3,050.3 4,329.4 5,179.8 5,425.4 5,894.9
64.4
35.5

71.9
35.9

90.1
39.8

126.1
62.2

160.1
82.9

221.2
115.8

289.0
146.3

342.8
163.5

321.1
144.0

324.7
144.6

18.8

22.4

25.9

31.8

35.8

50.2

65.1

77.5

71.4

74.5

72.8
43.9
33.1
10.8
379.5
216.3
46.4
116.9

89.2
58.1
44.6
13.5
496.2
292.0
68.2
136.0

110.6
92.3
73.8
18.5
669.7
409.2
99.5
161.1

129.2 157.9 196.3 248.9

148.8 214.4 356.1 547.9
121.5 176.5 296.2 466.7
27.3
37.9
59.8
81.2
933.9 1,155.5 1,489.3 2,128.2
615.5 822.5 1,069.5 1,531.3
127.2 132.5 171.3 267.6
191.1 200.5 248.4 329.2

157.9
158.6
35.6
44.8

163.9
160.5
37.5
50.6

198.3
195.4
48.9
59.0

246.7
220.6
52.5
64.1

199.7
677.5

213.5 290.3 416.6 606.2 912.7 1,316.1 1,480.2 1,301.5 1,300.9

826.4 1,066.1 1,388.6 1,688.6 2,137.6 3,013.4 3,699.6 4,124.0 4,594.0

19.4

21.3

22.8

24.0

25.9

31.3

400.3
32.1

466.6
36.8

574.6
43.1

671.5
47.2

752.5
49.4

943.3 1,310.9 1,410.0 1,307.6 1,317.6

59.2
78.9
85.7
86.5
92.4

35.8

39.8

48.9

58.3

72.5

87.9

`
,

/ 2003-2007.

35

351.6
255.3
53.3
74.1

477.2
310.3
85.2
76.3

670.4
445.1
179.5
87.1

33.3

119.5

258.6
514.8
421.3
93.4
2,745.6
2,134.5
271.7
339.4
823.1
494.9
192.9
94.6

43.6

120.5

222.0
216.0
420.5
412.4
333.2
320.1
87.2
92.3
3,237.7 3,718.6
2,652.5 3,086.9
256.9
257.0
328.3
374.7
778.2
446.0
168.8
94.6

45.8

115.7

792.0
431.1
157.3
94.6

48.0

120.4

World Economic Outlook April 2009, Crisis and Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary
Fund, pp. 214-215.

287

2001

2002

11.1
186.9

50.3

13.6
16.2
19.6
20.5
27.0
35.9
40.6
40.1
200.3 249.3 312.1 430.9 584.6 814.7 1,004.0 956.5

3

55.7
61.1
63.8
67.8
75.5
87.5
84.5 110.6

115.3

46.1
33.9

46.9
31.1

47.9
27.6

54.3
35.2

57.8
38.6

68.9
45.8

71.8
46.6

69.5
43.7

75.5
44.9

71.1
41.9

32.2

36.6

35.0

34.7

31.7

39.3

39.5

37.8

41.8

38.9

36.9
34.3
44.6
20.0
58.3

39.9
40.9
52.9
23.3
68.1

38.1
52.5
71.5
25.4
74.5

34.0
65.3
93.0
28.1
79.5

35.5
76.8
107.4
33.0
81.8

36.3
101.2
141.7
41.9
89.4

36.4
115.4
165.1
42.3
107.7

31.6
83.4
114.4
37.5
112.6

37.1
93.3
126.8
46.4
174.2

34.6
85.7
115.1
45.4
195.7

79.7
65.0
37.9
78.7
37.1
49.0
24.2

89.0
90.0
41.8
74.2
40.3
60.8
27.3

91.1
107.1
45.1
77.9
47.3
76.8
31.4

101.5
97.0
43.7
77.4
44.5
65.6
29.8

115.5
72.8
38.6
91.7
43.5
54.4
30.5

125.4
75.5
42.4
101.6
44.8
70.7
27.4

148.0
95.1
49.9
114.7
53.9
113.8
28.5

163.6
79.3
42.9
106.7
49.8
87.6
28.3

302.1
80.2
49.7
104.1
54.1
93.5
34.8

356.6
77.4
53.4
100.3
50.1
82.0
33.8

62.0
47.6
49.6

59.4
54.8
54.6

68.8
59.3
50.8

78.6
60.4
43.1

92.7
61.8
37.1

113.3
66.1
39.4

126.1
77.2
32.8

110.2
77.3
34.2

110.8
110.6
43.3

104.0
118.9
42.0

39.6
48.2

45.0
50.7

48.0
49.9

44.8
45.0

41.8
39.7

43.9
39.8

50.4
41.7

44.7
36.5

50.6
44.0

48.6
44.2

30.3

37.2

38.5

36.2

36.2

36.6

40.7

32.5

37.5

36.9

28.1
78.2

31.6
76.3

33.2
82.3

33.0
82.0

28.9
94.7

32.8
106.5

34.4
118.6

31.7
110.8

35.2
110.7

35.0
106.5

`


`
,

/ 2003-2007.




1

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010
42.6
973.7

1 35 SDR:
:
, , `
:
:

288

 4.31
36

(%)
2
LIBOR

3

4
4
2007 2008 2009 2010

1991-98 1999-2006
2007-10
2011-14
,

2.8
4.0
2.5
5.2
3.0
-1.1
3.1
4.4
2.5
2.7
0.3
2.7
0.6
-3.4
1.3
2.5
3.3
5.8
5.2
8.3
6.0
1.7
5.1
6.4

2.5
6.6

2.3
6.8

1.2
-0.1

2.0
7.3

1.6
3.0

0.5
-11.9

0.7
2.5

1.3
6.4

6.3
7.1

6.2
9.3

-2.1
4.2

4.7
13.8

0.5
9.4

-13.7
-9.5

1.2
4.6

5.3
8.1

6.6
8.2

5.7
9.6

-1.2
2.5

6.3
9.8

1.9
4.6

-13.6
-7.2

2.0
3.6

5.7
7.7

0.2
-1.6

-0.4
2.5

0.1
0.7

0.3
0.7

-1.8
4.1

2.0
-6.3

-0.2
4.6

-0.3
-0.1

-0.6
-6.8

2.5
22.0

2.6
4.4

9.0
10.7

8.6
36.4

-9.1
-36.6

3.1
24.3

1.7
2.6

-1.5

5.0

0.0

14.1

7.5

-20.3

2.4

0.9

2.9
54.4

2.0
7.5

1.7
6.5

2.2
6.4

3.4
9.3

0.1
5.5

1.1
4.9

1.6
4.2

3.1

1.3

0.7

2.4

0.9

-0.4

-0.1

2.7

3.8

2.3

2.0

2.0

0.4

2.9

2.5

3.4

1
2

0.1
-1.8

-0.9
2.1

-0.8
3.3

-0.9
4.3

-1.3
3.9

-0.7
2.0

-0.4
2.8

-0.4
3.5

35.9

34.5

25.7

27.9

24.2

26.0

24.6

22.8

6.0

8.6

6.9

7.0

6.9

7.4

6.4

5.9

:
(LIBOR) (
- ):
- 10 -, , ,
, , :

36

World Economic Outlook October 2009, Sustaining the Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International
Monetary Fund, p. 202.

289

 4.32
37

(%)
2
LIBOR

3

4
4
2007 2008 2009 2010

1991-98 1999-2006
2007-10
2011-14
,

2.8
3.9
2.2
5.2
3.2
-1.3
1.9
4.7
2.5
2.6
-0.1
2.7
0.9
-3.8
0.0
2.8
3.3
5.9
5.0
8.3
6.1
1.6
4.0
6.6

2.5
6.7

2.3
6.8

1.5
-0.2

2.1
7.2

1.7
3.3

1.2
-11.0

1.1
0.6

1.4
6.4

6.2
7.3

6.2
9.3

-1.8
3.8

4.7
14.0

0.4
10.9

-12.1
-8.8

0.4
0.6

4.9
8.6

6.5
8.3

5.7
9.1

-1.6
2.4

6.1
9.5

1.8
6.0

-13.5
-6.4

0.5
1.2

5.8
7.8

0.2
-1.5

-0.4
2.8

-0.1
-0.1

0.4
1.2

-2.0
4.4

1.5
-8.0

-0.2
2.3

-0.2
0.1

-0.6
-6.8

2.5
22.0

2.5
-0.7

8.8
10.7

9.6
36.4

-8.9
-46.4

1.7
20.2

2.3
4.6

-1.5

5.0

-2.0

14.1

7.5

-27.9

4.4

2.7

3.0
54.5

2.0
7.4

1.4
6.5

2.2
6.4

3.4
9.3

-0.2
5.7

0.3
4.7

1.5
4.3

3.1

1.3

1.3

2.6

0.9

0.5

1.0

3.1

3.8

2.3

1.8

2.0

0.4

2.6

2.3

3.0

1
2

0.1
-1.8

-0.9
2.1

-1.0
2.9

-1.0
4.1

-1.1
3.8

-1.0
1.6

-1.0
2.1

-0.7
3.0

35.9

34.1

25.8

27.0

24.1

26.4

25.7

23.6

4.9

6.3

4.9

5.2

4.8

5.0

4.5

4.4

:
(LIBOR) (
- ):
- 10 -, , ,
, , :

37

World Economic Outlook April 2009, Crisis and Recovery, World Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary
Fund, p. 220.

290

 5
5.1
2009. I II - `
( ) 38
.
I II


,

( )
- , %
I II

554252.0
468663.4
85130.8

698180.1
582734.8
114576.2

119.1
100.7
18.3

106.3
88.7
17.5

29246.1

43745.2

6.3

6.7

55884.7

70831.0

12.0

10.8

457.8

869.1

0.1

0.1

79033.5
75959.7

158110.1
152024.7

17.0
16.3

24.0
23.1

3073.8

6085.4

0.7

0.9

-153649.3

-182884.4

-33.0

-27.8

76213.1
229862.4
-14127.8
465508.4

113357.3
296241.7
-16547.4
656858.4

16.4
49.4
-3.1
100.0

17.3
45.1
-2.5
100.0

5.2
2009. I II - `
( ) 39
( )

38
39

.

, %
I II I II
538316.3
686249.5
98.5
94.6
466838.5
587216.1
99.5
96.1
71021.8
98157.6
92.2
86.4
24450.0

34236.6

101.4

86.7

46571.8

63921.0

88.0

86.2

456.0

875.8

95.3

80.4

67420.4
64101.0

147044.0
141024.8

79.0
78.1

44.4
43.6

3319.4

6019.2

103.3

78.9

-126875.6

-133786.6

77.2

65.1

87164.7
214040.3
-21954.0
456907.1

122619.2
256405.8
-57411.2
642095.7

78.2
77.6
x
93.9

87.9
74.3
x
78.0

- 2009. -, 11:
, 11:

291

 6
6.1
. 40, 1
1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

( )
2006
2007

179.0
187.6
54.2
/

289.4
285.6
167.2
/

321.3
436.6
280.4
/

167.0
428.3
187.5
/

84.4
427.6
283.2
/

63.8
550.2
244.4
/

243.2
275.8
1,126.7 1,154.7
695.3
699.0
/
/

319.7
527.7
-313.4
/

420.8

742.2 1,038.2 782.9

795.2

858.3 1,533.2 1,247.3 2,065.2 2,129.5

534.1

22.7
16.6
5.4
/

24.8
2.7
-10.8
/

66.1
10.3
0.8
/

27.7
24.2
7.8
/

22.1
11.9
5.1
/

7.2
14.1
12.3
/

-0.7
41.8
-3.9
/

25.9
10.9
30.0
/

59.8
27.6
34.3
/

111.4
-32.5
60.3
/

45.4
29.6
13.8
/

44.8

16.6

77.2

59.7

39.0

33.6

37.1

66.7

121.7

139.2

88.7

3.3
56.1
-93.3
/

12.3
8.2
126.9 47.4
-265.1 -10.2
/
/

6.2
60.5
-17.6
/

9.1
-20.0
26.6
/

6.2
81.2
34.1
/

7.8
196.7
68.3
/

3.2
183.1
45.9
/

-6.8
198.6
-89.1
/

22.2
196.6
48.9
/

24.6
-103.0
62.0
/

-34.0

-125.9

49.1

15.7

121.5

272.8

232.3

102.6

267.7

-16.4

74.7
35.2
110.5
/

89.3 122.2
171.3 268.1
87.1 365.1
/
/

53.8
59.1
346.6
/

25.5
74.3
92.7
/

27.6
172.8
387.9
/

57.3
178.3
781.7
/

177.4
237.0
902.0
/

154.1
285.5
666.3
/

220.3

347.8

755.3

459.5

192.6

588.3 1,017.4 1,316.5 1,105.9 2,043.6 -1,000.5

216.3
305.2
199.2
/

416.3
267.9
340.2
/

199.8
318.1
238.6
/

184.9
298.6
60.4
/

153.3
381.4
198.4
/

114.8
521.5
356.0
/

720.7 1,024.4 756.5

543.8

733.0

992.3

171.2
43.8
41.2
/

170.2
33.9
-2.3
/

167.0
33.1
25.1
/

182.7
2.9
-2.7
/

172.9
-5.0
4.7
/

173.9
55.3
76.7
/

250.5
109.0
104.6
/

334.8
176.1
126.7
/

416.4
287.6
212.6
/

610.0
357.8
698.4
/

666.6
-30.2
87.9
/

256.2

201.8

225.2

182.8

172.5

305.9

464.1

637.5

916.7

1,666.2

724.3

-36.2
-257.5
-267.0
14.1

-244.9
-498.9
-544.3
2.4

-398.6
-396.0
-677.4
-0.1

-332.0
117.4
219.4
-4.8

45.4

146.0
867.3
519.9
/

112.6
832.0
302.7
/

194.1
681.8
801.7
/

197.8
97.5
406.7
456.0
1,439.2 -1,554.1
/
/

331.8
524.8
1,032.0 808.4
928.3 1,287.6
/
/

162.5
631.9
303.6
/

1,677.6 2,292.1 2,620.9 1,098.0

-142.6 -224.9 -159.2 -142.4 -154.5 -149.6 -316.2
-130.2 -122.2 -127.9 -90.6 -48.6 -123.1 -177.4

-74.2 -165.6 -273.1 -144.7 -87.9 -54.3 -510.1

-6.7
8.7
-0.3
-4.9
-3.7
1.5
2.8

40

Global Financial Stability Report October 2009, Navigating the Financial Challenges Ahead, World Economic and Financial
Surveys, International Monetary Fund, pp. 188-189.

292

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

-353.8 -504.1 -560.5 -382.6 -294.7 -325.4 -1,000.9 -546.6 -1,285.7 -1,472.1

-0.1

-34.1
-15.1
9.4
-5.0

-17.3
-15.6
10.2
-5.9

-44.5
-43.0
-4.2
-3.7

-36.2
-24.4
-10.7
-2.2

-26.8
-18.6
-7.9
0.2

-23.6
-13.8
-14.2
3.3

-42.6
-18.9
-7.1
2.8

-27.6
-44.2
-17.8
-1.3

-44.5
-69.4
-30.6
-0.8

-59.6
-42.8
-54.5
-3.9

-79.0
10.0
-31.0
-1.8

-44.8

-28.5

-95.4

-73.4

-53.2

-48.4

-65.8

-91.0

-145.3

-160.8

-101.8

-24.6
-95.2
37.9
6.2

-22.3 -31.5
-154.4 -83.4
266.3 -4.1
-76.3 -49.0

-38.5
-106.8
46.6
-40.5

-32.0
-85.9
36.4
-46.1

-28.8 -31.0
-176.3 -173.8
149.9 -48.0
-187.2 -160.9

-45.4
-196.4
-106.6
-22.3

-50.2
-71.0
-86.2
-32.0

-73.5
-123.5
-260.8
-36.5

-130.8
-189.6
139.5
-30.9

-168.0 -139.2 -127.7 -242.3 -413.6

-370.8

-239.4

-494.2

-211.9

-122.8 -202.5 -246.3 -61.8 -50.3 -65.6 -93.9

-53.2 -34.3 -97.2 -124.7
1.2
-58.4 -259.4
-22.9 -68.7 -374.4 -250.8 -108.5 -420.9 -595.9
0.3
1.0
-5.3
4.5
0.6
2.6
-0.4

-80.8
-273.4
-926.2
-1.7

-85.6
-275.5 -139.3
-257.0 -179.6 210.2
-708.3 -1,484.3 933.4
1.3
-2.6
3.1

-75.8

13.4

-198.6 -304.5 -723.2 -432.9 -157.0 -542.4 -949.7 -1,282.1 -1,049.6 -1,941.9 1,007.4

-14.5
-30.6
-92.0
6.4

-348.7 -413.3 -297.9 -163.7

-341.8 -385.2 -254.8 -163.5
-30.5 -166.2 -244.3 -219.6
11.6
16.2
16.4
-3.0

-164.7
-318.1
-282.3
32.8

-709.4 -948.6 -780.5 -549.7

-732.2 -1,021.0 -1,645.1 -2,138.1 -2,490.4

-17.6 -20.3
-23.3 -65.4
-78.9 -121.9
-37.7 -83.3

-12.0
-58.6
-21.2
-89.4

-21.3 -23.8 -58.9

-37.2 -71.4 -106.0
-36.0 -84.7 -125.7
-153.3 -302.6 -425.2

-130.7 -157.5 -290.9 -181.2 -247.8 -482.5 -715.7

-215.2
-428.8
-392.6
15.6

-83.0
-169.0
-197.5
-541.6

-453.5
-514.6
-699.9
22.9

-162.0
-396.0
-274.1
-719.1

-542.5 -653.4
-660.3 -601.1
-932.7 -1,230.2
-2.6
-5.7

-198.7
-336.9
-521.8
-1227.3

-241.6
-139.5
-312.3
-676.9

-991.1 -1,551.3 -2,284.7 -1,370.3

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293

 6.2
. 41, 1
( )
1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

146.0
867.3
519.9
/

112.6
832.0
302.7
/

2006

2007

105.6
333.1
265.7
/

179.0
187.6
54.2
/

289.4
285.6
167.2
/

704.4

420.8

742.2 1,038.2 782.9

795.2 858.3 1,533.2 1,247.3 2,061.1 2,057.7

11.5
11.7
28.0
/

22.7
16.6
5.4
/

24.8
2.7
-10.8
/

66.1
10.3
0.8
/

27.7
24.2
7.8
/

22.1
11.9
5.1
/

7.2
14.1
12.3
/

-0.7
41.8
-3.9
/

27.2
7.8
29.8
/

62.8
27.9
30.8
/

111.8
-32.5
56.8
/

51.2

44.8

16.6

77.2

59.7

39.0

33.6

37.1

64.8

121.5

136.0

3.2
79.2
68.0
/

3.3
56.1
-93.3
/

12.3
126.9
-265.1
/

8.2
47.4
-10.2
/

6.2
60.5
-17.6
/

9.1
-20.0
26.6
/

6.2
81.2
34.1
/

7.8
196.7
68.3
/

3.2
183.1
45.9
/

-6.8
198.6
-89.1
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22.2
196.6
48.9
/

150.4

-34.0

-125.9

45.4

49.1

15.7

121.5

272.8

232.3

102.6

267.7

37.5
43.7
322.2
/

74.7
35.2
110.5
/

89.3
171.3
87.1
/

122.2
268.1
365.1
/

53.8
59.1
346.6
/

25.5
74.3
92.7
/

27.6
172.8
387.9
/

57.3
162.2
779.8
/

177.4
243.8
898.3
/

146.1
283.3
686.3
/

197.8
415.6
1,428.8
/

403.4

220.3

347.8

755.3

459.5

192.6 588.3

999.4

216.3
305.1
198.4
/

416.3
268.1
340.3
/

199.8
318.3
238.1
/

185.0 153.2
298.4 383.3
59.9 198.0
/
/

121.4
520.0
355.8
/

543.2

734.5

997.1

321.3
436.6
280.4
/

167.0
428.3
187.5
/

719.8 1,024.7 756.3

84.4
63.8
427.6 550.2
283.2 244.4
/
/

242.0
237.5
1,126.9 1,145.1
692.3
675.0
/
/

1,319.5 1,115.7 2,042.2

189.2
682.4
798.7
/

258.7
391.0
1,008.8 891.7
881.8 1,255.8
/
/

1,670.3 2,149.3 2,538.5

191.4 186.7 212.0

146.4 38.1 107.6
138.3 -122.6 -88.7
/
/
/

212.0
96.8
2.1
/

227.9
16.0
-56.6
/

190.1
-7.8
3.3
/

203.8
91.8
124.1
/

276.4
138.6
200.4
/

374.2
213.2
170.9
/

476.1

310.9

187.3

185.6 419.7

615.4

758.3

1,173.9 1,974.9

-104.8 -142.6 -224.9 -159.2 -142.4 -154.5 -149.6 -316.2

-116.9 -130.2 -122.2 -127.9 -90.6 -48.6 -123.1 -177.4
-262.8 -74.2 -165.6 -273.1 -144.7 -87.9 -54.3 -510.1
-1.0
-6.7
8.7
-0.3
-4.9
-3.7
1.5
2.8

-36.2
-257.5
-267.0
14.1

-241.2
-499.0
-513.9
2.4

102.3

230.8

464.0
347.2
362.7
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532.5
474.8
967.6
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-333.3
-294.6
-661.9
-0.1

-485.5 -353.8 -504.1 -560.5 -382.6 -294.7 -325.4 -1,000.9 -546.6 -1,251.7 -1,289.9

41

Global Financial Stability Report April 2009, Responding to the Financial Crisis and Measuring Systemic Risks, World
Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary Fund, pp. 174-175.

294

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

-23.1
-8.6
-16.2
2.4

-34.1
-15.1
9.4
-5.0

-17.3
-15.6
10.2
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-44.5
-43.0
-4.2
-3.7

-36.2
-24.4
-10.7
-2.2

-26.8
-18.6
-7.9
0.2

-23.6
-13.8
-14.2
3.3

-42.6
-18.9
-7.1
2.8

-29.7
-44.1
-16.6
-1.3

-39.3
-69.2
-31.0
-0.8

-54.0
-42.8
-55.1
-3.9

-45.4

-44.8

-28.5

-95.4

-73.4

-53.2

-48.4

-65.8

-91.7

-140.3

-155.8

-26.1
-47.1
-192.0
-6.6

-24.6 -22.3
-95.2 -154.4
37.9 266.3
6.2
-76.3

-31.5
-83.4
-4.1
-49.0

-38.5 -32.0
-106.8 -85.9
46.6
36.4
-40.5 -46.1

-28.8 -31.0
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149.9 -48.0
-187.2 -160.9

-45.4
-196.4
-106.6
-22.3

-50.2
-71.0
-86.2
-32.0

-73.5
-123.5
-260.8
-36.5

-271.6

-75.8

-168.0 -139.2 -127.7 -242.3 -413.6

-370.8

-239.4

-494.2

-60.9 -122.8 -202.5 -246.3 -61.8 -50.3 -65.6 -93.9

-85.0 -53.2 -34.3 -97.2 -124.7 1.2
-58.4 -259.2
-277.8 -22.9 -68.7 -374.4 -250.8 -108.5 -420.9 -596.1
3.9
0.3
1.0
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4.5
0.6
2.6
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-80.8
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-89.5
-275.5
-256.6 -179.7
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1.3
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13.4

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-348.8 -413.7 -298.0 -163.8 -165.4 -205.1
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11.6
16.2
16.4
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32.8
15.6

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22.9

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-100.6 -52.1 -49.7 -42.7 -130.2

-105.8 -110.1 -90.0 -129.7 -170.5
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14.6 -140.3 -198.4
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-145.4
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-258.7 -477.7 -251.7 -316.4 -673.3 -1,001.0 -1,256.0 -1,957.6 -2,883.5

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6,787.8
278.4
167.7
110.4
43.8
66.6
1,009.4

33,513.1
7,262.8
4,984.7
12,771.1
1,033.4
11,737.6
3,209.0

31,665.9
8,845.3
7,781.1
8,642.9
750.9
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9,116.3

51,863.7
20,291.7
16,012.2
23,521.3
755.7
22,765.6
2,362.1

83,529.6
29,137.0
23,793.3
32,164.2
1,506.6
30,657.7
11,478.4

97,381.4
46,802.4
32,510.8
16,528.7
2,532.2
13,996.5
10,027.0

214,424.0
83,202.1
61,288.8
61,464.0
5,072.2
56,391.8
24,714.4

352.0
488.3
452.7
385.6
338.2
390.5
503.3

414.8
506.2
340.0
271.9
2,867.0
3,673.1
357.5
267.6
2,313.9
55.0
877.0
244.6
1,602.0
479.0

8.9
9.3
40.5
7.0
33.6
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0.3
0.9
37.1
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76.3
167.4
140.0
157.5
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1,110.6
90.9
49.5
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206.6
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216.4
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119.0
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480.1
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719.5
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6,540.9
556.3
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3,295.3
776.4
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1,492.4
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810.5
16,494.0
13,141.0
1,288.1
2,004.8
8,311.3
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5,308.5
833.5
7,229.2
1,527.9

359.8
630.1
648.6
298.1
575.3
357.8
360.3
749.3
359.2
1,728.3
605.3
340.7
451.3
319.0

2,680.0

44.3

1,868.2

835.1

3,135.2

3,970.3

12,341.6

18,180.1

678.4

20,605.9

4,286.8

8,558.9

4,712.2

3,103.2

7,815.4

18,020.0

34,394.2

166.9

8,902.0

2,356.3

5,326.7

2,735.7

2,097.2

4,832.9

11,708.4

21,868.0

245.7

4,209.0

497.2

1,456.6

1,153.8

654.3

1,808.1

2,189.8

5,454.4

129.6

2,087.0
1,282.4
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320.8
332.9
779.6

689.6
444.5
641.6

44.8
72.7
705.1

76.3
82.3
193.2

121.1
155.0
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1,363.6
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2,174.2
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3,605.1

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100.8
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Global Financial Stability Report October 2009, Navigating the Financial Challenges Ahead, World Economic and Financial
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439.6
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557.6
445.2
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371.2
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310.5
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312.8
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49.7
777.2
223.7
1,440.0
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10.7
10.4
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28.4
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1.3
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236.4
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574.5
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280.4
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1,508.0
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2,080.6
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17,338.4
14,308.0
1,365.7
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406.2
824.1
670.1
371.3
668.5
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900.4
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272.2

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13,782.7

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29,875.6

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2,085.1

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6,638.1

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289.5
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1,181.7
2,417.6

39.5
89.0
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84.3
78.9
176.9

123.8
168.0
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2,735.3
2,214.2
5,541.9

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Global Financial Stability Report April 2009, Responding to the Financial Crisis and Measuring Systemic Risks, World
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272,216
52,288
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309,588
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356,772
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328,114
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278
192
1,709

406
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1,788

1,889
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5,445

601
196
4,826

619
235
6,063

817
315
7,177

1,071
388
9,263

18,117

18,668

26,599

39,370

25

32

43

41

88

207,588
36,821
6,782
1,430
5,351
6,394
456
5,938
2,188
3,750

229,693 272,216 309,588

43,221 52,288 56,951
7,488
8,590
8,469
1,767
2,470
2,233
5,720
6,119
6,236
7,115
7,567
8,455
640
426
595
6,475
7,141
7,861
2,813
3,447
5,085
3,663
3,694
2,776

356,772
62,162
10,177
2,657
7,520
13,229
649
12,580
7,561
5,019

4,840
580
671
147
523
718
77
641

4,163
631
853
166
686
667
56
611

5,321
700
1,116
240
876
636
47
589

6,183
953
1,142
239
903
1,899
70
1,829

8,056
1,120
1,146
283
863
2,209
68
2,142

20,352

28,650

42,580

57,894

57,325

294

470

721

2,002

3,172

13,873
6,479
35,997

17,879
10,771
39,740

24,239
18,341
61,713

32,246
25,648
71,146

33,334
23,991
81,708

186
109
1,685

278
192
1,609

406
315
1,259

1,143
859
1,788

1,889
1,283
2,301

2,032

2,036

2,672

3,256

3,859

38,127

40,271

48,645

56,238

62,983

22,809

` :
1
: :
()
() ` :
2
:
3
:
4
:

45

Global Financial Stability Report April 2009, Responding to the Financial Crisis and Measuring Systemic Risks, World
Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary Fund, p. 178.

299

 6.7

()

2008

. I

. II

. III

. I

. II

805.2

964.1 1,437.4 1,402.1 1,182.4 920.2

570.0

761.3 1,104.6 1,087.1

786.9

. IV

2005

2006

2007

2008

1,257.8 1,483.6 1,588.8 920.2

567.0

706.5

912.7 1,245.6 567.0

12

2009

12

46

1,392.6

688.6

1,682.4 423.1

1,068.8

454.3

1,338.5 175.3

2,171.4 2,974.7 4,316.1 4,751.5 3,186.4 2,077.7 2,150.0 2,995.7 4,400.4 2,077.7 4,626.3 1,659.2 5,195.4 185.6
1,107.5
1,833.4
1,280.4
400.9
2,885.8
764.4
238.7
41.3
229.8
290.4
190.2
222.5
62.6
174.9
163.4

1,517.3
2,552.3
1,693.6
601.7
3,885.4
842.7
317.3
55.1
366.2
444.1
237.9
283.3
64.0
215.8
204.1

3,120.7
3,648.3
1,972.2
590.0
6,288.2
1,306.7
439.0
64.8
487.9
633.8
375.8
367.9
205.7
296.2
309.5

4,187.7
4,292.5
1,714.7
607.1
5,947.3
1,320.9
396.7
61.7
390.3
597.4
346.9
331.8
149.6
221.7
276.2

2,341.9
2,652.1
1,534.3
551.6
4,806.2
860.1
301.3
45.8
334.0
436.2
262.7
269.7
94.2
226.1
198.5

1,304.0
1,638.2
1,130.9
447.9
3,356.8
719.3
235.8
40.8
233.6
287.5
193.1
231.3
46.1
167.9
150.8

1,857.1
1,569.4
1,180.7
495.7
3,943.6
441.3
286.2
29.2
262.3
264.9
302.8
216.9
143.6
169.4
239.8

3,084.1
2,205.4
1,492.4
549.8
5,483.3
671.4
371.5
52.1
390.6
449.3
336.7
288.6
141.2
263.2
278.8

2,918.8
3,867.2
1,802.8
619.3
5,992.1
1,248.7
513.7
84.9
668.9
677.6
437.5
408.6
187.1
363.4
294.0

1,304.0
1,638.2
1,130.9
447.9
3,356.8
719.3
235.8
40.8
233.6
287.5
193.1
231.3
46.1
167.9
150.8

124.9

188.5

273.3

238.4

181.9

132.8

805.2

964.1 1,437.4 1,402.1 1,182.4 920.2

177.7

189.7

267.4

132.8

188.9

248.5

198.2

300.3

364.4

458.2

384.0
511.2
304.0
192.2
151.3
414.0
450.7
418.4

486.0 825.7 905.6 662.4 455.5

689.9 1,383.9 1,227.8 880.8 591.7
505.0 981.7 1,004.7 800.9 427.1
221.3 249.9 277.6 233.9 182.4
155.0 246.9 286.3 248.5 162.5
482.0 697.5 668.0 520.3 453.6
608.7 1,442.9 1,303.1 1,079.5 657.5
569.6 1,359.5 1,492.8 815.8 397.0

421.5
722.1
765.0
209.3
309.8
222.5
903.9
813.4

546.5
829.2
1,003.0
194.4
209.1
361.9
1,223.4
1,250.3

289.4

378.3

429.9

445.8

367.3

305.1

377.9

239.4

366.6

461.2

442.8

439.9

275.0

474.9

639.7

985.1

1,141.6

718.4

338.8

409.4

645.9

654.1

126.4

169.8

290.9

246.0

233.1

341.0

439.4

197.1

253.4

378.1
181.8

4,108.1 976.1 4,187.7 152.6

4,160.9 1,286.5 4,727.6 84.1
1,818.9 996.4 2,057.9 183.0
671.4
341.3 734.0 41.2
5,850.9 2,335.1 6,775.7 308.9
1,301.9 443.8 1,488.3 73.5
402.9
187.7 571.9 104.1
65.0
27.2
137.2 12.9
453.1
187.1 694.2 71.2
610.7
204.6 894.5 42.6
351.4
138.1 491.3 29.0
328.2
209.2 458.4 54.2
148.9
37.1
211.7 25.3
258.6
145.8 697.6 76.4
272.9
130.0 529.3 108.7
238.4

110.2

1,392.6

688.6

198.2

414.9

159.3

473.8

80.8

828.9
1,284.0
1,137.4
264.0
252.9
521.2
1,501.2
1,536.4

455.5
591.7
427.1
182.4
162.5
453.6
657.5
397.0

929.2
1,252.2
1,118.3
280.9
295.9
688.4
1,448.5
1,443.9

300.9
426.7
234.6
172.5
142.5
369.4
363.2
328.9

929.2
1,468.8
1,304.8
284.4
362.2
703.4
1,671.9
1,641.5

54.4
61.3
77.3
67.6
52.6
99.4
98.2
30.6

443.1

508.3

305.1

458.6

204.4

578.2

98.3

486.6

441.7

751.1

275.0

579.3

194.1

789.8

66.1

437.0

548.6

760.0 1,154.2 437.0

1,117.8

342.9

422.3

314.2

325.4

442.1

657.9

314.2

642.6

247.5

750.5

98.5

181.1

130.6

156.1

210.7

351.1

130.6

253.5

96.4

403.8

52.6

403.5

329.8

229.8

381.1

422.6

490.9

229.8

413.6

187.2

527.8

74.1

313.3

307.3

252.3

209.6

197.0

266.2

330.2

209.6

308.9

166.2

343.1

80.4

436.0
265.1

437.0
351.0

442.6
326.7

416.2
263.7

375.2
194.1

393.3
240.6

356.3
328.8

458.8
424.0

375.2
194.1

458.7
343.3

332.0
147.3

476.4
473.0

83.3
74.6

128.9

158.9

220.8

204.5

154.0

111.4

209.1

231.8

231.5

111.4

203.9

92.7

300.0

73.1

164.6

199.7

295.6

272.7

219.9

180.7

158.9

218.0

328.0

180.7

273.6

140.9

343.2

62.9

211.9

276.1

330.2

333.3

265.1

214.5

197.0

282.1

379.2

214.5

344.8

170.2

389.1

63.1

403.4

423.8

300.5

1,257.8 1,483.6 1,588.8 920.2

46

651.7

44.0

1,682.4 423.1

1,255.4 81.7

Global Financial Stability Report October 2009, Navigating the Financial Challenges Ahead, World Economic and Financial
Surveys, International Monetary Fund, pp. 201-203.

300

 6.7

1

2009
2008

. I
. II
. I
. II
. III . IV
2005
2006
2007
2008

()

-12.5
0.5
4.5
-15.1
11.9
13.2
-10.5
-14.0
6.3
1.2
1.3
-1.6
1.0
-1.5
-3.8
36.0
4.2
8.3
-5.9
-12.5
-4.7
-15.7
-13.6
-28.8
5.4
-6.8
-8.7
-31.4
5.4
-5.2
-13.0

19.7
33.6
37.0
37.0
39.2
32.3
50.1
34.6
10.2
32.9
33.3
59.3
52.9
25.0
27.3
2.1
23.4
24.9
50.9
19.7
31.6
26.5
35.0
66.1
15.1
2.4
16.4
35.0
36.1
30.7
53.2

-9.5
-11.3
-1.9
6.9
-5.7
9.4
-4.7
4.9
4.6
-14.5
-23.7
-27.1
-6.5
-14.1
-10.0
9.9
-18.5
5.3
2.2
-9.5
-12.0
-0.4
7.8
-13.7
-5.3
-2.4
33.8
-3.9
-11.5
-15.4
-38.6

-2.5
-1.6
10.1
34.2
17.7
-13.1
2.9
-5.4
1.1
-9.6
-4.7
-20.0
-5.8
-7.7
-9.8
-27.3
-25.2
-10.8
-12.8
-2.5
5.1
9.7
-11.3
2.3
11.1
16.0
-4.2
-9.7
9.8
3.7
-4.0

-15.7
-27.6
-32.9
-44.1
-38.2
-10.5
-9.1
-19.2
-34.9
-24.0
-25.7
-14.4
-27.0
-24.3
-18.7
-37.0
2.0
-28.1
-23.7
-15.7
-29.1
-26.9
-28.3
-20.3
-15.7
-13.2
-22.1
-17.2
-45.3
-17.6
-0.7

-22.2
-27.9
-34.8
-44.3
-38.2
-26.3
-18.8
-30.2
-16.4
-21.7
-11.0
-30.1
-34.1
-26.5
-14.2
-51.1
-25.7
-24.0
-27.0
-22.2
-34.0
-31.2
-32.8
-46.7
-22.0
-34.6
-12.8
-39.1
-51.3
-16.9
-37.5

7.6
30.3
44.9
59.7
50.0
18.4
102.3
45.2
28.5
23.5
15.9
35.4
12.6
54.3
-1.5
56.5
19.9
3.3
4.8
7.6
34.9
43.5
154.5
15.6
25.0
71.7
8.7
21.0
69.5
24.0
51.6

18.0
29.2
39.3
66.1
40.5
26.4
10.9
39.0
52.1
29.8
78.1
49.0
69.6
11.2
33.1
-1.7
55.4
16.3
6.8
18.0
21.3
29.6
14.8
31.1
-7.1
-32.5
62.6
35.3
53.7
17.3
-9.2

7.1
36.5
46.9
-5.4
75.3
20.8
12.6
9.3
86.0
38.3
63.1
71.2
50.8
30.0
41.5
32.5
38.0
5.4
40.9
7.1
25.8
51.7
54.8
13.4
35.8
20.9
44.0
22.7
22.9
14.7
70.0

-42.1
-54.5
-52.8
-55.3
-57.6
-37.3
-27.7
-44.0
-42.4
-54.1
-51.9
-65.1
-57.6
-55.9
-43.4
-75.4
-53.8
-48.7
-50.3
-42.1
-56.7
-45.1
-53.9
-62.4
-30.9
-35.8
-13.0
-56.2
-74.2
-40.0
-63.4

8.7
7.8
-3.2
1.4
-5.9
0.8
-6.3
15.8
-8.9
-1.2

34.7
20.8
34.3
46.3
28.6
15.3
45.8
23.3
21.3
30.3

-14.6
-1.8
-17.1
-10.5
-5.1
-4.8
-17.2
-4.6
-9.9
-12.9

15.9
1.3
-15.4
-8.2
-1.9
1.3
-6.9
-7.4
-7.8
1.0

-37.1
-35.4
-26.4
-18.3
-17.9
-6.0
-19.3
-24.7
-19.4
-20.5

-39.2
-25.6
-27.9
-30.3
-17.0
-9.8
-26.4
-27.7
-17.8
-19.1

57.2
22.8
22.0
30.4
34.0
35.2
28.1
29.5
20.8
31.5

38.5
35.9
35.0
10.9
35.1
-9.4
36.7
10.9
37.2
43.2

51.9
48.8
66.6
16.2
24.1
28.8
28.9
-0.1
50.4
34.4

-62.1
-52.2
-62.8
-53.2
-36.5
-18.2
-54.2
-51.9
-44.9
-43.4

301

 6.7

. II

. I

. II

. III

. IV

2005

2006

2007

2008

460.6
933.4
665.3
986.7
2,755.9
330.6
1,052.1
1,066.4
298.3
4,653.2
107.8
248.4
1,741.9
1,210.9
63.8
1,561.3
99.8
1,930.3
397.3
3,070.1
2,430.4

586.8
1,216.1
823.5
1,280.2
3,689.8
422.9
1,246.2
1,281.4
408.4
6,226.3
114.9
312.6
2,141.5
1,486.6
78.6
1,901.7
121.7
2,763.0
533.7
4,039.0
2,799.5

873.2
2,947.3
2,074.4
1,804.2
5,991.2
873.6
2,084.3
2,219.3
872.1
8,054.7
431.8
576.4
2,772.7
2,720.4
129.1
3,891.6
203.2
3,895.5
810.5
6,509.9
4,126.2

903.1
3,057.3
1,625.9
1,993.6
5,915.9
738.9
1,958.8
2,116.1
743.8
7,639.1
352.2
527.7
2,838.5
2,433.1
109.8
4,313.3
169.2
3,795.2
733.0
5,662.9
3,857.7

656.2
1,790.5
1,107.7
1,552.4
4,356.3
537.4
1,585.5
1,681.0
582.3
5,840.4
201.9
408.6
2,318.9
1,898.9
89.5
2,551.5
137.8
2,918.0
601.6
4,372.4
3,345.7

476.4
1,015.9
696.5
1,030.9
3,129.8
429.2
1,253.2
1,330.0
341.2
4,696.9
120.4
312.8
2,108.2
1,458.6
67.4
1,512.6
108.5
2,125.4
492.7
3,276.0
2,899.6

628.7
2,411.0
1,696.4
1,302.2
3,551.2
534.3
1,558.1
1,429.8
609.2
5,741.7
393.1
496.6
3,053.0
1,939.4
134.5
2,392.2
134.8
2,395.8
494.4
4,867.9
3,241.1

799.0
3,248.9
2,260.7
1,512.9
4,859.4
679.3
2,051.6
1,902.1
801.7
7,249.8
565.4
636.0
3,208.3
2,486.8
147.9
3,386.3
193.3
3,399.8
716.0
6,839.0
4,079.3

998.8
3,273.2
2,141.6
1,930.1
6,036.6
985.1
2,275.1
2,520.7
1,036.1
9,966.9
441.8
653.0
3,034.4
2,922.6
153.9
4,348.9
234.0
4,212.7
864.0
6,746.0
4,237.3

476.4
1,015.9
696.5
1,030.9
3,129.8
429.2
1,253.2
1,330.0
341.2
4,696.9
120.4
312.8
2,108.2
1,458.6
67.4
1,512.6
108.5
2,125.4
492.7
3,276.0
2,899.6

889.7
2,991.2
1,600.5
1,977.0
5,889.5
774.6
1,938.4
2,121.0
781.3
7,644.6
348.0
526.2
2,838.9
2,440.0
111.4
4,290.8
173.5
3,850.6
733.2
5,917.3
3,841.3

367.3
708.9
551.3
823.8
2,419.2
271.8
902.4
913.1
239.1
3,796.0
86.3
190.0
1,579.5
1,053.3
52.3
1,190.4
88.6
1,614.4
326.9
2,570.3
2,078.6

. I

12-

2008

12-

2
2009

1,127.4 176.2
3,661.2 606.1
2,496.2 497.6
2,144.6 304.7
6,380.6 708.5
1,329.0
33.2
2,350.4 422.2
2,538.9 467.9
1,053.1 157.5
10,589.5 1,427.6
606.8
86.3
689.7
132.0
4,132.1 1,385.4
3,070.7 558.3
178.7
49.5
4,992.1 534.0
246.4
66.0
4,664.3 893.9
909.2
101.2
8,152.0 737.9
4,449.8 527.2

694.3

867.1 1,406.8 1,381.5 1,080.7 787.7 1,205.6 1,521.5 1,593.4 787.7

1,349.1

600.0

1,737.3

425.9

759.2

874.7 1,254.8 1,222.8 1,105.6 854.4 1,180.6 1,336.3 1,390.9 854.4

1,240.5

645.4

1,493.0

273.7

-3.3
-8.1
-4.5
-4.3
-11.9
-23.0
-16.0
-19.8
-12.6
-0.9
-10.5
-20.6
-17.4
-17.0
-5.3
3.2
-8.0
-9.2
-19.4
-6.3
-16.2

27.4
30.3
23.8
29.7
33.9
27.9
18.4
20.2
36.9
33.8
6.5
25.8
22.9
22.8
23.1
21.8
21.9
43.1
34.3
31.6
15.2

-12.6
-10.0
-3.1
-6.5
-0.8
-11.3
-8.4
-12.0
-15.8
-19.2
-2.3
-11.7
-8.6
-6.9
-16.1
-10.5
-13.2
-7.5
-6.2
-3.5
-2.6

3.4
3.7
-21.6
10.5
-1.3
-15.4
-6.0
-4.7
-14.7
-5.2
-18.4
-8.5
2.4
-10.6
-14.9
10.8
-16.7
-2.6
-9.6
-13.0
-6.5

-27.3
-41.4
-31.9
-22.1
-26.4
-27.3
-19.1
-20.6
-21.7
-23.5
-42.7
-22.6
-18.3
-22.0
-18.5
-40.8
-18.6
-23.1
-17.9
-22.8
-13.3

-27.4
-43.3
-37.1
-33.6
-28.2
-20.1
-21.0
-20.9
-41.4
-19.6
-40.4
-23.5
-9.1
-23.2
-24.7
-40.7
-21.3
-27.2
-18.1
-25.1
-13.3

12.5
23.0
5.6
26.7
22.5
14.0
7.8
7.7
12.7
4.8
-4.7
-1.3
24.1
10.6
-3.5
20.0
-4.5
10.8
1.5
8.1
14.9

27.1
34.8
33.3
16.2
36.8
27.1
31.7
33.0
31.6
26.3
43.9
28.1
5.1
28.2
10.0
41.6
43.4
41.9
44.8
40.5
25.9

25.0
0.7
-5.3
27.6
24.2
45.0
10.9
32.5
29.2
37.5
-21.9
2.7
-5.4
17.5
4.0
28.4
21.0
23.9
20.7
-1.4
3.9

-52.3
-69.0
-67.5
-46.6
-48.2
-56.4
-44.9
-47.2
-67.1
-52.9
-72.7
-52.1
-30.5
-50.1
-56.2
-65.2
-53.6
-49.5
-43.0
-51.4
-31.6

-11.9

24.9

-11.7

-1.8

-21.8

-27.1

3.7

26.2

4.7

-50.6

-11.1

15.2

-9.8

-2.5

-9.6

-22.7

3.8

13.2

4.1

-38.6

Morgan Stanley Capital International- : Morgan Stanley Capital International- :

1
1990 :

302

 6.8
12

12

1,437.4 1,402.1 1,182.4 920.2 1,036.3 1,169.3 1,257.8 1,483.6 1,588.8

920.2

1,588.8

771.5

1,682.4 423.1

1,104.6 1,087.1 786.9

567.0

1,249.7

454.3

1,338.5 175.3

2008

. I

()

47

. II

. III

. IV

567.0

2003

442.8

2004

542.2

2005

706.5

2006

2007

912.7 1,245.6

2008

4,316.1 4,751.5 3,186.4 2,077.7 1,100.9 1,483.6 2,150.0 2,995.7 4,400.4 2,077.7 5,195.4 1,659.2 5,195.4 185.6
3,120.7 4,187.7
3,648.3 4,292.5
1,972.2 1,714.7
590.0 607.1
6,288.2 5,947.3
1,306.7 1,320.9
163.4 163.4
439.0 396.7
64.8
61.7
487.9 390.3
633.8 597.4
375.8 346.9
367.9 331.8
205.7 149.6
296.2 221.7

2,341.9
2,652.1
1,534.3
551.6
4,806.2
860.1
163.4
301.3
45.8
334.0
436.2
262.7
269.7
94.2
226.1

1,304.0
1,638.2
1,130.9
447.9
3,356.8
719.3
163.4
235.8
40.8
233.6
287.5
193.1
231.3
46.1
167.9

933.6
802.0
800.6
108.6
1,873.1
344.1
103.8
206.4
25.4
166.4
162.8
163.6
196.9
84.5
113.8

1,163.0
1,046.6
997.3
245.0
2,715.6
343.4
151.0
231.6
25.2
193.7
235.3
196.2
220.2
91.8
141.2

1,857.1
1,569.4
1,180.7
495.7
3,943.6
441.3
107.4
286.2
29.2
262.3
264.9
302.8
216.9
143.6
169.4

3,084.1
2,205.4
1,492.4
549.8
5,483.3
671.4
174.1
371.5
52.1
390.6
449.3
336.7
288.6
141.2
263.2

2,918.8
3,867.2
1,802.8
619.3
5,992.1
1,248.7
163.4
513.7
84.9
668.9
677.6
437.5
408.6
187.1
363.4

1,304.0
1,638.2
1,130.9
447.9
3,356.8
719.3
163.4
235.8
40.8
233.6
287.5
193.1
231.3
46.1
167.9

4,187.7 1,078.6 4,187.7 152.6

4,727.6 1,286.5 4,727.6 84.1
2,036.2 996.4 2,057.9 183.0
734.0
341.3
734.0
41.2
6,559.5 2,639.7 6,775.7 308.9
1,445.7 443.8 1,488.3 73.5
163.4
163.4
278.4
56.1
513.8
187.7
571.9 104.1
84.9
27.2
137.2
12.9
694.2
198.1
694.2
71.2
737.0
204.6
894.5
42.6
437.5
138.1
491.3
29.0
438.3
209.2
458.4
54.2
211.7
46.1
211.7
25.3
364.0
145.8
697.6
76.4

309.5

276.2

198.5

150.8

217.9

232.1

239.8

278.8

294.0

150.8

333.9

130.0

529.3

108.7

273.3

238.4

181.9

132.8

176.6

169.5

177.7

189.7

267.4

132.8

293.5

110.2

651.7

44.0

403.4

423.8

300.5

198.2

163.9

222.7

300.3

364.4

458.2

198.2

468.8

159.7

473.8

80.8

662.4
880.8
800.9
233.9
248.5
520.3
1,079.5
815.8

455.5
591.7
427.1
182.4
162.5
453.6
657.5
397.0

166.4
129.7
352.9
141.4
113.4
174.0
471.1
461.1

293.8
283.7
661.8
167.4
180.4
204.7
747.1
479.9

421.5
722.1
765.0
209.3
309.8
222.5
903.9
813.4

546.5
829.2
1,003.0
194.4
209.1
361.9
1,223.4
1,250.3

828.9
1,284.0
1,137.4
264.0
252.9
521.2
1,501.2
1,536.4

455.5
591.7
427.1
182.4
162.5
453.6
657.5
397.0

929.2
1,468.8
1,137.4
284.4
303.1
703.4
1,501.2
1,641.5

343.6
464.1
324.9
172.5
150.8
408.3
547.1
344.4

929.2
1,468.8
1,304.8
284.4
362.2
703.4
1,671.9
1,641.5

54.4
61.3
77.3
67.6
52.6
99.4
98.2
30.6

825.7 905.6
1,383.9 1,227.8
981.7 1,004.7
249.9 277.6
246.9 286.3
697.5 668.0
1,442.9 1,303.1
1,359.5 1,492.8
429.9

445.8

367.3

305.1

216.6

304.7

377.9

443.1

508.3

305.1

523.2

204.4

578.2

98.3

461.2

442.8

439.9

275.0

231.8

321.0

486.6

441.7

751.1

275.0

751.1

194.1

789.8

66.1

985.1 1,141.6 718.4

437.0

287.4

349.0

548.6

760.0 1,154.2

437.0

1,255.4

342.9

1,255.4

81.7

645.9

654.1

422.3

314.2

250.1

265.0

325.4

442.1

657.9

314.2

750.5

247.5

750.5

98.5

290.9

246.0

181.1

130.6

98.9

128.0

156.1

210.7

351.1

130.6

351.6

96.4

403.8

52.6

439.4

403.5

329.8

229.8

233.8

292.3

381.1

422.6

490.9

229.8

491.1

190.9

527.8

74.1

313.3

307.3

252.3

209.6

118.6

147.0

197.0

266.2

330.2

209.6

336.1

166.2

343.1

80.4

437.0
351.0

442.6
326.7

416.2
263.7

375.2
194.1

272.5
138.8

290.8
187.9

393.3
240.6

356.3
328.8

458.8
424.0

375.2
194.1

476.4
424.3

332.0
151.1

476.4
473.0

83.3
74.6

220.8

204.5

154.0

111.4

149.6

161.5

209.1

231.8

231.5

111.4

244.4

92.7

300.0

73.1

295.6

272.7

219.9

180.7

100.8

131.6

158.9

218.0

328.0

180.7

328.0

140.9

343.2

62.9

330.2

333.3

265.1

214.5

127.2

149.8

197.0

282.1

379.2

214.5

385.1

170.2

389.1

63.1

47

Global Financial Stability Report April 2009, Responding to the Financial Crisis and Measuring Systemic Risks, World
Economic and Financial Surveys, International Monetary Fund, pp. 187-189.

303

 6.8

1

()

. I

2008

. II
. III
. IV
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007

2008

-9.5
-11.3
-1.9
6.9
-5.7
9.4
-4.7
4.9
4.6
0.0
-14.5
-23.7
-27.1
-6.5
-14.1
-10.0
9.9
-18.5
5.3
2.2
-12.0
-0.4
7.8
-13.7
-5.3
-2.4
33.8
-3.9
-11.5
-15.4
-38.6

-2.5
-1.6
10.1
34.2
17.7
-13.1
2.9
-5.4
1.1
0.0
-9.6
-4.7
-20.0
-5.8
-7.7
-9.8
-27.3
-25.2
-10.8
-12.8
5.1
9.7
-11.3
2.3
11.1
16.0
-4.2
-9.7
9.8
3.7
-4.0

-15.7
-27.6
-32.9
-44.1
-38.2
-10.5
-9.1
-19.2
-34.9
0.0
-24.0
-25.7
-14.4
-27.0
-24.3
-18.7
-37.0
2.0
-28.1
-23.7
-29.1
-26.9
-28.3
-20.3
-15.7
-13.2
-22.1
-17.2
-45.3
-17.6
-0.7

-22.2
-27.9
-34.8
-44.3
-38.2
-26.3
-18.8
-30.2
-16.4
0.0
-21.7
-11.0
-30.1
-34.1
-26.5
-14.2
-51.1
-25.7
-24.0
-27.0
-34.0
-31.2
-32.8
-46.7
-22.0
-34.6
-12.8
-39.1
-51.3
-16.9
-37.5

30.8
51.6
67.1
98.5
102.9
79.7
59.0
29.8
88.4
33.6
47.1
80.3
65.5
60.0
33.2
23.1
28.9
44.5
36.7
115.4
51.2
31.6
140.8
20.8
55.7
55.3
23.8
29.9
70.3
8.8
88.2

12.8
22.4
34.8
24.6
30.5
24.6
125.7
45.0
-0.2
45.4
12.2
-0.8
16.5
44.5
20.0
11.8
8.6
24.1
6.5
-4.0
35.8
76.6
118.8
87.5
18.4
59.1
17.6
58.6
4.1
40.7
38.5

7.6
30.3
44.9
59.7
50.0
18.4
102.3
45.2
28.5
-28.9
23.5
15.9
35.4
12.6
54.3
-1.5
56.5
19.9
3.3
4.8
34.9
43.5
154.5
15.6
25.0
71.7
8.7
21.0
69.5
24.0
51.6

18.0
29.2
39.3
66.1
40.5
26.4
10.9
39.0
52.1
62.2
29.8
78.1
49.0
69.6
11.2
33.1
-1.7
55.4
16.3
6.8
21.3
29.6
14.8
31.1
-7.1
-32.5
62.6
35.3
53.7
17.3
-9.2

7.1
36.5
46.9
-5.4
75.3
20.8
12.6
9.3
86.0
-6.2
38.3
63.1
71.2
50.8
30.0
41.5
32.5
38.0
5.4
40.9
25.8
51.7
54.8
13.4
35.8
20.9
44.0
22.7
22.9
14.7
70.0

-42.1
-54.5
-52.8
-55.3
-57.6
-37.3
-27.7
-44.0
-42.4
0.0
-54.1
-51.9
-65.1
-57.6
-55.9
-43.4
-75.4
-53.8
-48.7
-50.3
-56.7
-45.1
-53.9
-62.4
-30.9
-35.8
-13.0
-56.2
-74.2
-40.0
-63.4

-14.6
-1.8
-17.1
-10.5
-5.1
-4.8
-17.2
-4.6
-9.9
-12.9

15.9
1.3
-15.4
-8.2
-1.9
1.3
-6.9
-7.4
-7.8
1.0

-37.1
-35.4
-26.4
-18.3
-17.9
-6.0
-19.3
-24.7
-19.4
-20.5

-39.2
-25.6
-27.9
-30.3
-17.0
-9.8
-26.4
-27.7
-17.8
-19.1

76.2
36.8
60.1
68.4
34.4
60.5
40.7
43.9
38.7
75.7

21.4
6.0
29.5
25.0
24.0
6.7
35.4
8.0
30.5
17.8

57.2
22.8
22.0
30.4
34.0
35.2
28.1
29.5
20.8
31.5

38.5
35.9
35.0
10.9
35.1
-9.4
36.7
10.9
37.2
43.2

51.9
48.8
66.6
16.2
24.1
28.8
28.9
-0.1
50.4
34.4

-62.1
-52.2
-62.8
-53.2
-36.5
-18.2
-54.2
-51.9
-44.9
-43.4

304

 6.8

1,021.7
3,460.2
2,191.4
2,128.3
6,380.6
985.1
2,275.1
2,520.7
1,047.0
9,977.3
454.6
653.0
3,115.7
2,922.6
155.1
4,992.1
234.3
4,225.4
864.0
6,958.9
4,291.2

377.1
797.1
573.9
835.8
2,615.7
355.0
1,007.6
1,043.1
305.4
3,796.0
110.0
262.3
1,791.1
1,214.4
57.5
1,190.4
90.9
1,815.0
379.1
2,620.6
2,340.4

1,406.8 1,381.5 1,080.7 787.7 1,006.1 1,162.4 1,205.6 1,521.5 1,593.4 787.7

1,593.4

690.2

1,737.3

425.9

1,254.8 1,222.8 1,105.6 854.4 1,045.4 1,137.4 1,180.6 1,336.3 1,390.9 854.4

1,390.9

708.8

1,493.0

273.7

. I

. II

. III

. IV

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

873.2
2,947.3
2,074.4
1,804.2
5,991.2
873.6
2,084.3
2,219.3
872.1
8,054.7
431.8
576.4
2,772.7
2,720.4
129.1
3,891.6
203.2
3,895.5
810.5
6,509.9
4,126.2

903.1
3,057.3
1,625.9
1,993.6
5,915.9
738.9
1,958.8
2,116.1
743.8
7,639.1
352.2
527.7
2,838.5
2,433.1
109.8
4,313.3
169.2
3,795.2
733.0
5,662.9
3,857.7

656.2
1,790.5
1,107.7
1,552.4
4,356.3
537.4
1,585.5
1,681.0
582.3
5,840.4
201.9
408.6
2,318.9
1,898.9
89.5
2,551.5
137.8
2,918.0
601.6
4,372.4
3,345.7

476.4
1,015.9
696.5
1,030.9
3,129.8
429.2
1,253.2
1,330.0
341.2
4,696.9
120.4
312.8
2,108.2
1,458.6
67.4
1,512.6
108.5
2,125.4
492.7
3,276.0
2,899.6

441.1
1,158.5
1,150.6
853.2
2,252.3
450.9
1,243.0
1,160.9
382.8
4,536.1
296.5
391.2
2,144.4
1,606.5
107.3
1,332.3
115.8
1,820.2
388.1
3,360.9
2,480.4

558.6
1,960.2
1,606.0
1,028.2
2,899.8
468.5
1,445.6
1,327.5
540.7
5,479.0
412.6
503.0
2,460.1
1,753.2
139.3
1,993.4
141.1
2,163.1
486.8
4,503.2
2,821.8

628.7
2,411.0
1,696.4
1,302.2
3,551.2
534.3
1,558.1
1,429.8
609.2
5,741.7
393.1
496.6
3,053.0
1,939.4
134.5
2,392.2
134.8
2,395.8
494.4
4,867.9
3,241.1

799.0
3,248.9
2,260.7
1,512.9
4,859.4
679.3
2,051.6
1,902.1
801.7
7,249.8
565.4
636.0
3,208.3
2,486.8
147.9
3,386.3
193.3
3,399.8
716.0
6,839.0
4,079.3

998.8
3,273.2
2,141.6
1,930.1
6,036.6
985.1
2,275.1
2,520.7
1,036.1
9,966.9
441.8
653.0
3,034.4
2,922.6
153.9
4,348.9
234.0
4,212.7
864.0
6,746.0
4,237.3

476.4
1,015.9
696.5
1,030.9
3,129.8
429.2
1,253.2
1,330.0
341.2
4,696.9
120.4
312.8
2,108.2
1,458.6
67.4
1,512.6
108.5
2,125.4
492.7
3,276.0
2,899.6

12-

12-

2008

1,127.4 176.2
3,661.2 606.1
2,496.2 497.6
2,144.6 304.7
6,380.6 708.5
1,329.0
33.2
2,350.4 422.2
2,538.9 467.9
1,053.1 157.5
10,589.5 1,427.6
606.8
105.3
689.7
132.0
4,132.1 1,385.4
3,070.7 558.3
178.7
49.5
4,992.1 534.0
246.4
66.0
4,664.3 893.9
909.2
101.2
8,152.0 737.9
4,449.8 527.2

-12.6
-10.0
-3.1
-6.5
-0.8
-11.3
-8.4
-12.0
-15.8
-19.2
-2.3
-11.7
-8.6
-6.9
-16.1
-10.5
-13.2
-7.5
-6.2
-3.5
-2.6

3.4
3.7
-21.6
10.5
-1.3
-15.4
-6.0
-4.7
-14.7
-5.2
-18.4
-8.5
2.4
-10.6
-14.9
10.8
-16.7
-2.6
-9.6
-13.0
-6.5

-27.3
-41.4
-31.9
-22.1
-26.4
-27.3
-19.1
-20.6
-21.7
-23.5
-42.7
-22.6
-18.3
-22.0
-18.5
-40.8
-18.6
-23.1
-17.9
-22.8
-13.3

-27.4
-43.3
-37.1
-33.6
-28.2
-20.1
-21.0
-20.9
-41.4
-19.6
-40.4
-23.5
-9.1
-23.2
-24.7
-40.7
-21.3
-27.2
-18.1
-25.1
-13.3

8.5
28.5
8.7
24.6
22.4
-2.9
14.6
33.2
35.8
31.9
16.0
12.2
21.6
3.6
19.6
38.1
15.9
31.4
28.3
32.9
18.4

26.6
69.2
39.6
20.5
28.8
3.9
16.3
14.4
41.2
20.8
39.2
28.6
14.7
9.1
29.8
49.6
21.9
18.8
25.4
34.0
13.8

12.5
23.0
5.6
26.7
22.5
14.0
7.8
7.7
12.7
4.8
-4.7
-1.3
24.1
10.6
-3.5
20.0
-4.5
10.8
1.5
8.1
14.9

27.1
34.8
33.3
16.2
36.8
27.1
31.7
33.0
31.6
26.3
43.9
28.1
5.1
28.2
10.0
41.6
43.4
41.9
44.8
40.5
25.9

25.0
0.7
-5.3
27.6
24.2
45.0
10.9
32.5
29.2
37.5
-21.9
2.7
-5.4
17.5
4.0
28.4
21.0
23.9
20.7
-1.4
3.9

-52.3
-69.0
-67.5
-46.6
-48.2
-56.4
-44.9
-47.2
-67.1
-52.9
-72.7
-52.1
-30.5
-50.1
-56.2
-65.2
-53.6
-49.5
-43.0
-51.4
-31.6

-11.7

-1.8

-21.8

-27.1

14.4

15.5

3.7

26.2

4.7

-50.6

-9.8

-2.5

-9.6

-22.7

26.8

8.8

3.8

13.2

4.1

-38.6

Morgan Stanley Capital International- : Morgan Stanley Capital International- :

1
1990 :

305

306

307