Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Phan Tich Hoat Dong Thanh Toan Quoc Te Tai Ngan Hang Ngoai Thuong Viet Nam Chi Nhanh Can Tho
Phan Tich Hoat Dong Thanh Toan Quoc Te Tai Ngan Hang Ngoai Thuong Viet Nam Chi Nhanh Can Tho
LUN VN TT NGHIP
Cn Th - 2009
2008
LI CM T
LI CAM OAN
ii
................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
C Mau, ngy thng nm 2009
Th trng n v
iii
NI DUNG NHN XT
1. Tnh ph hp ca ti vi chuyn ngnh o to: ...........................................
..............................................................................................................................
2. V hnh thc:.....................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
3. ngha khoa hc, thc tin v tnh cp thit ca ti: ....................................
..............................................................................................................................
4. tin cy ca s liu v tnh hin i ca lun vn:..........................................
..............................................................................................................................
5. Ni dung v cc kt qu t c: .....................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
6. Cc nhn xt khc: ............................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
7. Kt lun:............................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
Cn Th, ngy thng nm 2009
Gio vin hng dn
................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
Cn Th, ngy thng nm 2009
Gio vin phn bin
MC LC
Chng 1: Gii thiu ............................................................................................ 1
1.1 t vn nghin cu................................................................................... 1
1.2 Mc tiu nghin cu...................................................................................... 2
1.2.1 Mc tiu chung ........................................................................................ 2
1.2.2 Mc tiu c th......................................................................................... 2
1.3 Phm vi nghin cu....................................................................................... 2
1.3.1 Khng gian.............................................................................................. 2
1.3.2 Thi gian................................................................................................. 2
1.3.3 i tng nghin cu.............................................................................. 3
Chng 2: Phng php lun v phng php nghin cu............................... 4
2.1 Phng php lun .......................................................................................... 4
2.1.1 Khi qut v thanh ton quc t................................................................. 4
2.1.1.1 Khi nim........................................................................................... 4
2.1.1.2 Tm quan trng ca thanh ton quc t .............................................. 4
2.1.2 Cc phng thc c s dng trong thanh ton quc t .......................... 5
2.1.2.1 Khi qut v cc phng thc thanh ton quc t................................ 5
2.1.2.2 Cc phng thc c s dng trong thanh ton quc t.................... 5
2.2 Phng php nghin cu................................................................................ 21
2.2.1 Phng php thu thp s liu ................................................................... 21
2.2.2 Phng php phn tch.............................................................................. 21
Chng 3: Khi qut ngn hng ngoi thng Vit Nam Chi nhnh
Cn Th... .................................................................................................. 22
3.1 Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ................................................................ 22
3.1.1 Chc nng v nhim v ........................................................................... 23
3.1.2 Chc nng, nhim v cc phng ban ....................................................... 24
3.1.3 Tnh hnh nhn s ti VCB CT ............................................................. 27
3.1.3.1 S t chc.................................................................................... 27
3.1.3.2 Tnh hnh hot ng kinh doanh ca VCB-Cn Th trong giai on
2006-2008. .................................................................................................. 29
3.2 nh hng pht trin ca VCB- CT............................................................... 30
3.3 Nhng thun li v kh khn VCB - CT ......................................................... 33
3.3.1 Nhng thun li ....................................................................................... 33
3.3.2 Nhng kh khn...................................................................................... 33
Chng 4: Thc trng thanh ton quc t ti ngn hng ngoi thng Vit Nam Chi nhnh Cn Th.............................................................................................. 35
4.1 Phn tch hnh hnh chung trong lnh vc thanh ton quc t.......................... 35
4.1.1 C cu li nhun trong lnh vc thanh ton quc t so vi tng li nhun ca
Ngn hng .............................................................................................................. 35
4.1.2 Tng gi tr thanh ton trong lnh vc xut nhp khu............................... 36
4.2 Tnh hnh s dng cc phng thc thanh ton trong lnh vc xut nhp khu .37
4.2.1 Tng s mn c thanh ton trong lnh vc xut nhp khu.................... .37
4.2.2 Tr gi theo cc phng thc thanh ton ti VCB CT giai on
2006 -2008... .......................................................................................................... 38
4.2.3 Tnh hnh chit khu ti VCB CT ........................................................... 40
vi
vii
viii
DANH MC HNH
******************
Hnh 1: Quy trnh thanh ton bng phng thc chuyn tin........... 6
Hnh 2: Quy trnh thanh ton bng phng thc nh thu................. 9
Hnh 3: Quy trnh thanh ton bng phng thc nh thu hi phiu
km chng t ................ .................................................................. 11
Hnh 4: Quy trnh thanh ton tn dng chng t .............................. 15
Hnh 5: S t chc VCB Cn Th ........................................... 28
Hnh 6: Kt qu hot ng kinh doanh VCB Cn Th.................. 29
Hnh 7: T trng li nhun t DVTTQT so vi tng li nhun ....... 35
Hnh 8: Tng gi tr thanh ton xut nhp khu ............................... 36
Hnh 9: Cc phng thc thanh ton ti VCB Cn Th................ 39
ix
DANH MC CC T VIT TT
******************
AH: An Ha
ATVSTT: An ton v sinh thc phm
CR: Ci Rng
HCNS: Hnh chnh nhn s
HG: Hu Giang
ICC: International Chamber of Commerces: y ban K thut v Thc hnh Ngn hng ca
Phng Thng mi Quc T.
NH:Ngn hng
NHTM: Ngn hng thng mi
PGD: Phng giao dch
PG: Ph Gim c
QLN: Qun l n
QLRR: Qun l ri ro
VCB CT: Ngn hng ngoi thng Vit Nam chi nhnh Cn Th
VL: Vnh Long
Lun vn tt nghip
CHNG 1
GII THIU
I. L do chn ti
c thnh lp ngy 01/04/1963, Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit NamVietcombank c Nh nc xp hng l mt trong 23 doanh nghip c bit.
Vietcombank lun gi vai tr ch lc trong h thng ngn hng Vit Nam, vi
uy tn trong cc lnh vc ngn hng bn bun, kinh doanh vn, ti tr thng
mi, thanh ton quc t v ng dng cng ngh tin tin trong hot ng ngn
hng. Sau 44 nm hot ng, Vietcombank pht trin thnh mt ngn hng a
nng. Hot ng ca Vietcombank cn c h tr bi mng li giao dch quc
t ln nht trong s cc ngn hng Vit Nam vi trn 1.300 ngn hng i l ti
hn 90 quc gia v vng lnh th. Bn cnh cc hot ng kinh doanh,
Vietcombank cn tch cc tham gia cc hip hi ngnh ngh nh Hip hi Ngn
hng Chu , Asean Pacific Bankers Club v l mt trong nhng thnh vin u
tin ca Hip hi Ngn hng Vit Nam.
Nm 2008, s m ra mt chng mi trong lch s hot ng ca
Vietcombank vi vic chuyn i hot ng sang c ch c phn. Nhng thay
i v qun tr ngn hng hin i theo thng l quc t, m rng loi hnh kinh
doanh, pht trin cc sn phm, dch v ngn hng hin i, u t vo cng
ngh s gp phn trong vic Vietcombank thc hin mc tiu tr thnh mt trong
nhng tp on ti chnh a nng hng u trong khu vc trong giai on nm
2015 2020.
Vi th mnh hng u trong thanh ton quc t v mng li ngn
hng i l rng khp ton cu, mc d phi ng u vi sc p cnh tranh
ngy cng gia tng t cc ngn hng thng mi khc, Vietcombank tip tc
duy tr v tr s 1 vng chc trong thanh ton xut nhp khu. t c
nhng thnh tu cn phi k n s n lc ca Ngn hng hi s cng nh
tt c cc chi nhnh trong c nc ni chung. L chi nhnh cp 1 ca h thng
Ngn hng ngoi thng, VCB-CT khng ngng phn u hon thnh tt
nhim v trong tt c cc lnh vc, c bit l trong lnh vc thanh ton quc t
xng ng danh hiu l Ngn hng s 1 trong lnh vc thanh ton quc t.
SVTH: Phm Th Thu Tin
Lun vn tt nghip
Lun vn tt nghip
4.3 Thc trng p dng phng thc thanh ton tn dng chng t trong thanh
ton hng ha xut nhp khu ti Ngn hng Ngoi Thng Vit Nam
Nguyn Minh Thi chi nhnh Cn Th i hc ngoi thng Thnh Ph
H Ch Minh
Lun vn tt nghip
CHNG 2
Lun vn tt nghip
Lun vn tt nghip
bn, ngi xut khu, ngi nhp khu, ngi nhp khu tin) mt a im
nht nh v trong mt thi im nht nh.
Qu trnh tin hnh
-Ngi pht hnh lnh chuyn tin ( ngi mua, nh nhp khu)
- Ngn hng nhn thc hin vic chuyn tin (Ngn hng ni ngi chuyn tin
m ti khon tin gi ngoi t,)
- Ngn hng hng tr, chuyn tin (Ngn hng i l ca Ngn hng chuyn
tin).
- Ngi nhn chuyn tin ( ngi bn, t chc xut khu)
(4) T/T
Ngn hng
(3) Bo n
Ngn hng
(5) Bo c
(1) Hng ha
Nh nhp khu
Nh xut khu
B chng t
Hnh 1: Quy trnh thanh ton bng cch phng thc chuyn tin
Bc 1:Sau khi tha thun i n k kt hp ng thng mi, nh xut
khu th hin vic cung ng hng ha, dch v cho nh nhp khu ng thi
chuyn ton b chng t vn n, chng t v hng ha v chng t c lin
quan.
Bc 2: Nh nhp khu sau khi kim tra chng t, ha n vit lnh
chuyn tin gi n Ngn hng phc v mnh. Trong phi ghi r rng v y
nhng ni dung nh sau:
- Tn v a ch ngi xin chuyn tin;
- S ti khon, Ngn hng m ti khon;
- S tin xin chuyn;
- Tn v a ch ngi th hng, s ti khan, Ngn hng
- L do chuyn tin
SVTH: Phm Th Thu Tin
Lun vn tt nghip
Lun vn tt nghip
Lun vn tt nghip
(3)
NH nhn y thc thu
NH i l
(6)
(2)
(7)
(5)
(4)
Lun vn tt nghip
+ Ngi xut khu lm hai vic: giao hng v b chng t hng ha cho
nh nhp khu v lp th tc nh ngn hng thu h tin. Hng ha c giao cho
i l vn ti chuyn n cng ca ngi mua. Sau khi giao hng xong, ngi
xut khu lp b chng t nh thu bao gm; chng t lin quan n hng ha
nh: ha n thng mi, vn n, cc loi giy chng nhn, gi trc tip cho
ngi nhp khu v chng t ti chnh (ch th nh thu v hi phiu) np vo
ngn hng y thc thu.
+ Ngn hng nhn y thc thu: sau khi tip nhn b chng t nh thu do
ngi xut khu np vo, s chuyn n cho ngn hng i l ca mnh xut
trnh i tin ngi nhp khu. Sau , ngn hng nhn y thc thu nh kt qu
thu h t ngn hng i l s ghi c v bo c cho ngi xut khu.
+ Ngn hng i l hay ngn hng thu h s xut trnh hi phiu i tin
ngi nhp khu v hnh x theo ch th nh thu v hi phiu do ngi xut
khu lp ra v do ngn hng bn pha xut khu chuyn n. Sau , ty theo
phn ng ca ngi nhp khu m ngn hng i l s chuyn tin thu hi c
hoc thng bo t chi ca ngi nhp khu v cho ngn hng bn pha ngi
xut khu.
+ Ngi nhp khu trc tin s nhn hng khi hng ha n cng v b
chng t hng ha n tay ngi nhp khu. Khi b chng t ti chnh n th
ngi nhp khu s xem xt quyt nh tr tin nu thy hp l hoc t chi
thanh ton nu pht hin bt hp l.
Qua ton b quy trnh thc hin nh thu trn nh trn, chng ta thy rng
trong phng thc nh thu hi phiu trn, ngn hng ch ng vai tr trung gian
trong thanh ton bi v b chng t hng ha giao cho ngi nhp khu nn
ngn hng i l khng th khng ch ngi nhp khu c. Ngn hng khng
c cam kt hay m bo g i vi ngi xut khu v ngi nhp khu m ch
n thun hnh x theo ch dn m ngi xut khu th hin trn ch th nh thu
v hi phiu. Phng thc ny ch b sung cho phng thc chuyn tin tr sau
c mt im l ngi xut khu c th ch ng i tin sau khi giao hng.
Tuy ch ng nhng i c tin hay khng cn ph thuc vo thin ch v kh
nng ca ngi nhp khu. V vy, ngi xut khu ch nn p dng phng
SVTH: Phm Th Thu Tin
10
Lun vn tt nghip
NH i l
(6)
(2)
(7)
(5)
(4)
11
Lun vn tt nghip
12
Lun vn tt nghip
Trong tnh hung nh vy, ngi nhp khu s khng thit tha vi vic
nhn hng. Do , vic khng ch b chng t tr nn v ngha i vi h. Khi
rt c th h s c tnh ko di thi gian thanh ton gy p lc vi ngi
xut khu v ngi xut khu by gi ri vo tnh trng b ng v kh khn gii
quyt l hng gi i. Nu khng c ngi nhn, chm gii phng tu th
ngi xut khu s b chu pht vi i l vn ti. Nu bc hng khi tu s phi
tr thm tin thu kho, cn ch v nc s tn thm tin vn chuyn. Nu bn
cho ngi khc nh vy s b p gi. Cui cng ngi xut khu phi gim gi
bn ngi nhp khu khi b l v nhn hng. R y l tnh hung t hi i
vi ngi xut khu. trnh tnh trng ny ngi xut khu ngay t khi thng
lng hp ng xut khu phi s dng phng thc tn dng chng t.
Nhng iu cn lu khi s dng phng thc nh thu
Trong phng thc nh thu, bn bn ch ng i tin bn mua thng qua
ngn hng y nhim thu. ngn hng c th thc hin y nhin thu, bn bn
phi lp y nhim thu gi n ngn hng. Trong ch th nh thu phi nu r
nhng ni dung sau y:
(1) Cc chi tit v ngn hng nh thu bao gm tn y , a ch, s in
tn SWIFT, s telex, s in thoi, s fax v s tham chiu chng t.
(2) Cc chi tit v ngi y nhim thu bao gm tn y , a ch, s
in thoi, s in tn SWIFT, s telex, s fax.
(3) Cc chi tit v ngi tr tin bao gm tn y a ch, s in thoi,
s in tn SWIFT, s telex, s fax.
(4) Cc chi tit v ngn hng xut trnh chng t gm tn y , a ch,
s in tn SWIFT, s telex, s in thoi, s fax.
(5) S tin v loi tin nh thu.
(6) Danh mc chng t, s lng ca tng loi chng t nh km.
(7) iu khon nh thu v iu khon chuyn giao chng t.
(8) Ph nh thu
(9) Li sut phi thu (nu c), ghi r k hn tnh li, c s tn li l 360
hay 365 ngy.
(10) Cc ch th trong trng hp t chi thanh ton, t chi chp nhn.
SVTH: Phm Th Thu Tin
13
Lun vn tt nghip
14
(3)
m L/C
GVHD:NH
Nguyn
Ngc Lam
NH thng bo
L/Cvn tt nghip
Lun
(7)
(8)
(2)
(11)
(10)
(9)
(6)
(4)
(5)
Ngi nhp khu
15
Lun vn tt nghip
16
Lun vn tt nghip
17
Lun vn tt nghip
18
Lun vn tt nghip
19
Lun vn tt nghip
20
Lun vn tt nghip
8. Bn sao (photo) fax hay telex ca ngi xut khu (Copy of sellers fax
or telex) thng bo v b chng t hng ha.
2.2 Phng php nghin
2.1.1 Phng php thu thp s liu:
S liu c thu thp t nhiu ngun khc nhau ch yu l s liu th
cp. S liu c thu thp ch yu t phng k ton v phng thanh ton quc t
ca VCB Cn Th.
S liu cng c thu thp t sch bo, Internet, tp ch
2.1.2 Phng php phn tch s liu:
-Phng php so snh: y l phng php ph bin trong vic phn tch
vn . Ni dung ca phng php ny l nhn nhn tng ch tiu c v tuyt i
v tng i, theo din bin v thi gian (k ny so vi k trc) hay v khng
gian (ngn hng ny so vi ngn hng khc)
-Phng php nh gi c bit: c p dng khi thc hin phn tch theo
tng vn , tng ch tiu, tng hin tng (c nhng bin ng bt thng) nhm
nh gi, tm hiu bn cht ca vn .
-Phng php nh gi ton din: l nh gi tng hp cc mt hot ng
ca ngn hng. Phng php ny cng i theo thi gian v tng hin tng, vn
ring n tng hp nh gi ton din. Cc hin tng, vn c t ring
bit nhng ng thi cng trong mi tng quan chung.
-Bn cnh s dng biu th hin s liu d dng quan st v nhn
xt s liu.
21
Lun vn tt nghip
CHNG 3
22
Lun vn tt nghip
23
Lun vn tt nghip
24
Lun vn tt nghip
m ti khon ATM
- Thc hin cc giao dch mua bn chng khon.
Phng k ton
- y nhim thu, y nhim chi
- K ton cc khon thu, chi hng ngy
- Thc hin cc bt ton chuyn tin gia Ngn hng vi khch hng, vi
Ngn hng khc v Ngn hng ngoi Thng Vit Nam.
Phng kim tra ni b
- Kim tra gim st hot ng ca cc phng ban trong vic thc hin cc
qui nh ca Ngn hng Nh Nc Vit Nam.
- Kim tra vic chp hnh php lut v tin t tn dng Ngn hng.
- Kim tra vic thanh ton ngoi hi.
Phng ngn qu
L ni m cc khon thu, chi bng tin mt, ngoi t v cc phng tin
thanh ton c gi tr c thc hin khi c nhu cu v tin v c xc nhn ca
phng k ton hoc phng kinh doanh dch v khch hng. Khch hng s n
nhn tin ti phng ngn qu.
Phng thanh ton quc t
- Thc hin cc nghip v lin quan n phng tn dng.
- Thanh ton tin hng nhp khu gia cc doanh nghip Vit Nam vi
nc ngoi
- Thc hin phng thc nh thu, y nhim chi.
- Chit khu b chng t cho cc n v nhp khu.
- c bit nh mi quan h i l mt thit vi cc Ngn hng trn th
gii thng qua cc nghip v thanh ton quc t nh: m L/C, bo lnh, chuyn
tin i, chuyn tin n c thc hin nhanh chng, bo mt v tit kim c
phn ln chi ph.
Phng qun l n
- L mt trong nhng phng gi v tr quan trng trong hot ng ca chi
nhnh, thc hin cc nghip v ch yu nh:
- Lp k hoch hot ng kinh doanh ca Ngn hng.
SVTH: Phm Th Thu Tin
25
Lun vn tt nghip
26
Lun vn tt nghip
27
Lun vn tt nghip
Gim c
Chi
b
PG
Cng
on
PG
Phng
QLN
Phng
vn
B
phn
Phng
khch
hng
Thi
ua
PG
PG
Phng
KD
DV
Phng
KT
KD
on
nin
KT
NB
PGD
AH
Phng
VT
Phng
KT
thanh
Phng
TTQT
Phng
PGD
CR
Phng
HC
NS
PGD
VL
Phng
NQ
PGD
NCT
Phng
QL
RR
H tr
TD
T
chc
pht
PGD
HG
trin
mng
li
PGD
NK
28
Lun vn tt nghip
Ch tiu
2006
2007
2007/2006
2008
+/-
2008/2007
+/-
Doanh thu
273
202
357
-71
-26,01
155
76,73
Chi ph
241
147
338
-94
39,00
191
129,93
32
55
19
23
71,86
-39
-65,45
Li nhun
Doanh thu
200
Chi ph
Li nhun
150
100
50
0
2006
2007
2008
29
Lun vn tt nghip
30
Lun vn tt nghip
31
Lun vn tt nghip
32
Lun vn tt nghip
33
Lun vn tt nghip
34
Lun vn tt nghip
CHNG 4
2006
2007
89%
2008
5%
11%
95%
2008
S tin
%
4,084
21
14,916
79
19 100
21%
79%
35
Lun vn tt nghip
2007/2006
2008/2007
Ch tiu
Xut khu
Nhp khu
Xut nhp khu
800,000
2006
2007
2008
S tin
463,583
332,301
233,668
271,168
344,966
S tin
4,810
1.45
16.05
73,798
27.21
-93,782 -13.45
697,251 603,469 682,077
( Ngun: Phng Thanh Ton Quc T)
78,608
13.03
37,500
USD
700,000
600,000
500,000
Xut khu
400,000
Nhp khu
Xut nhp khu
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
2006
2007
2008
36
Lun vn tt nghip
nhp khu lun tng. C th tng kim ngch xut khu nm 2007 so vi 2006
gim 75,27 % lm tr gi gim hn 131 triu USD. Trong khi tng kim ngch
xut khu gim th tng kim ngch nhp khu li tng ln 16,05% vi tr gi kim
ngch nhp khu tng thm hn 37 triu USD. Nguyn nhn ca s gim st ny
trong tng kim ngch xut khu l do ngy cng c nhiu ngn hng tham gia
vo lnh vc thanh ton quc t v ang c gng thu ht khch hng xut nhp
khu ca VCB-Cn Th nn mc cnh tranh ngy cng gay gt hn. Bn cnh
, ti khu vc ng bng Sng Cu Long mt hng xut khu ch lc l thy
hi sn ng lnh. S kin Hu v kin bn ph gi hng thy sn b nh
hng nht l mt hng tm ng lnh cho lng hng xut khu sang th trng
giu tm nng l M b st gim. Thm vo cc mt hng chim t trng cao
nh go, tm, nm rm, qun o may sn,.. b ng v phn phi chm cc
nc nh M, Canada, Nht v Chu u.
Ngoi ra nhu cu tiu dng v hng tiu dng hin nay ti a bn Thnh
Ph Cn Th ni ring v c nc ni chung ang tng ln, bn cnh cc loi
xng du, st thp, phn bn v mt phn my mc thit b cng phi nhp t
nc ngoi. Do c cu ca th trng cc doanh nghip trong nc phi ci tin
cng ngh sn xut bng cch nhp thm nhiu my mc thit b hin i
sc cnh tranh vi cc doanh nghip nc ngoi.
4.2 Tnh hnh s dng cc phng thc thanh ton trong lnh vc
xut nhp khu
4.2.1 Tng s mn c thanh ton trong lnh vc xut nhp khu
Bng 3: Cc phng thc thanh trong trong xut nhp khu
VT: Mn
Nm 2006
Ch tiu
Nm 2007
Nm 2008
S lng
(%)
S lng
(%)
S lng
(%)
S L/C
2.911
39,74
1.674
31,20
1082
24,64
S nh thu
1.117
15,25
1.363
25,40
1241
28,26
Chuyn tin
3.298
45,01
2.329
43,40
2069
47,10
37
Lun vn tt nghip
38
Lun vn tt nghip
Tr gi
2006
Dng L/C
2007
2007/2006
2008
S tin
Dng nh thu
77.751
Chuyn tin n
91.883
83.653
2008/2007
S tin
-67.999 -16,01
14.132
18,18
-39.915 -20,48
61.331 17,20
-8.230
450000
400000
350000
300000
Dng L/C
Dng nh thu
Chuyn tin n
200000
150000
Tuy phng thc thanh ton bng L/C gim so vi phng thc nh thu
100000
v 50000
chuyn tin v s mn nhng tr gi vn lun chim t trng cao nht qua ba
nm lin tip t nm 2006 n nm 2008.
0
Nm 2006
Nm 2007
Nm 2008
-8,6
25.507 16,46
250000
39
Lun vn tt nghip
doanh nghip xut khu c th yn tm khi giao hng do khi khch hng p
dng bin php ny th gim thiu c ri ro, i vi phng thc nh thu v
chuyn tin th c p dng rng ri i vi nhng hp ng xut nhp khu
c tr gi nh khi khch hng p dng phng thc ny tit kim c chi ph,
thi gian m th tc li nhanh chng. V vy ty theo tnh hnh c th m khch
hng s chn phng thc no cho ph hp vi tnh hnh thc t va m bo an
ton li va tit kim.
4.2.3 Tnh hnh chit khu ti VCB CT
Bng 6: Tnh hnh chit khu ti VCB Cn Th
VT: 1000USD
Ch tiu
Nm
2006
2007
2008
2007/2006
2008/2007
+/-
+/-
-1049
-47,92
-92.382
-49,65
S l hng chit
khu (l)
2.189
1.140
881
186.051
93.669
98.145
-259 -22,72
Doanh s chit
khu
4.476
4,78
40
Lun vn tt nghip
bin ng gi ngoi th trng, nhanh chng xut khu nhng l hng tip theo
ng theo hp ng. Mt khc, mt s cng ty nhn thi c lm pht tranh th s
dng vn chit khu tch tr nhng hng ha c tnh thanh khon cao hy vng
u c kim li. Nu cc cng ty trn vay vn th li sut vay s cao hn li sut
chit khu rt nhiu, do h s dng hnh thc chit khu b chng t th s
nhanh chng v tit kim hn.
4.3 Gi tr thanh ton trong xut khu
4.3.1 Gi tr thanh ton trong xut khu
Bng 7: Gi tr thanh ton theo ngnh hng trong xut khu
VT: 1000USD
Nm
2007/2006
2008/2007
Mt hng
2006
2007
2008
329.143
95.450
86.003 -233.693
2. Go
64.994
17.197
16.214
3.May mc
20.543
1.432
4. M ngh
37.450
5. Hng khc
11.453
1. Thu sn
Tng xut
S tin
S tin
71
-9.447
9,90
-47.797 -73,54
-983
-5,72
911
-19.111
93.03
-521 -36,38
229
197
-37.221 -99,39
-32 -13,97
344
390
-11.106 -96,99
11.109
13,37
-9.54
41
Lun vn tt nghip
42
Lun vn tt nghip
43
Lun vn tt nghip
4.3.1.3 Dt may
Cc doanh nghip ang gp kh do li sut vay ngn hng qu cao, cp
in lin tc... nh hng rt ln n hot ng sn xut bn cnh mt thch
thc ln nht i vi cc DN Vit Nam l vic thiu thng tin dn n khng
nm bt c gi c, nhu cu, xu th pht trin ca th trng, cha am hiu vn
ha, th hiu ca ngi tiu dng nc ngoi... trong khi nhng thng tin ny li
v cng cn thit i vi nhng ngi lm kinh doanh
4.3.1.4 Th cng M ngh
Theo s liu thng k ca Tng cc Hi quan, trong thng 9/2008, kim
ngch xut khu cc mt hng gm s m ngh v gia dng ca Vit Nam t 11
triu USD, gim 9,8% so vi thng trc v l thng gim th 2 lin tip. Tnh
chung 9 thng nm 2008, tng kim ngch xut khu cc mt hng gm s m
ngh v gia dng ca Vit Nam t 140,5 triu USD, tng 1,2% so vi cng k
nm 2007
Trong bi cnh hin nay, khi m tnh hnh kinh t ca nhiu quc gia lm
vo tnh trng kh khn, lm pht tng cao nn ngi tiu dng ang tht cht
chi tiu. Trong khi cc mt hng gm s xut khu ca Vit Nam hin nay ch
yu l cc mt hng gm s m ngh v trang tr, y khng phi l nhng
mt hng thit yu, sc mua gim mnh. do nh hng ca tnh hnh kinh t
th gii tip tc gp kh khn nn xut khu cc mt hng gm s m ngh v
gia dng ca Vit Nam s kh c th tng cao, mc d theo chu k chung hng
nm, th xut khu cc mt hng ny thng tng mnh vo cc thng cui nm.
4.3.1.5 Mt hng khc
Mt s mt hng khc nh: nm rm, tri cy,cng c nhiu nhiu bin
ng. Mt d hng nng sn khu vc BSCL ni chung v Cn Th ni ring
a dng v chng loi cng nh hng v nhng do cha c nhiu k thut trong
khu trng trt cng nh ch bin nn gp rt nhiu kh khn trong lnh vc xut
khu trong xu th hi nhp th bt buc cc nh xut khu mun xut c nhiu
hng hn th phi u t my mc, thit b cng nh phi hc hi thm k thut
ch bin ng thi phi lm cng tc khuyn nng.
44
Lun vn tt nghip
2006
2007
2007/2006
2008
S tin
43.171 28,74
2008/2007
S tin
36.766 19,01
2. Xe my
49.733
15.864
3. Phn bn
30.376
57.539
76.172
27.163 89,42
18.633 32,383
4. My mc
3.359
4.394
20.749
1.035 30,81
16.355 372,21
37.500 16.05
73.798 27,21
Tng nhp
2.044 12,88
45
Lun vn tt nghip
46
Lun vn tt nghip
4.3.3 Chi ph thc hin giao dch trong phng thc thanh ton tn
dng chng t
Bng 9: So snh cc ph gia cc ngn hng
Cc khon ph
Vietcombank
Eximbank
Ngn hng
Cn Th
Cn Th
Hng hi
Cn Th
15 USD
15 USD
10 USD
10 USD
10 USD
Tu chnh
chng t
chng t
chng t
Ti thiu 20 USD
Ti thiu 20 USD
Ti thiu 10 USD
Ti a 200 USD
Ti a 350 USD
Ti a 150 USD
(Ngun: Vietcombank.com.vn,Eximbank.com.vvn,Msb.com.vn)
Nhn chung mc ph giao dch trong phng thc thanh ton tn dng
chng t trong lnh vc xut khu Vietcombank Cn Th l mc trung bnh
so vi cc ngn hng khc, c th l 20 USD cho mt ln thng bo trong khi
ti ngn hng Eximbank Cn Th l 15 USD v Ngn hng Hng Hi Cn
Th l 15 USD. Thanh ton b chng t 0,15% gi tr b chng bng vi
mc ph ca Ngn hng hng hi Cn Th nhng thp hn Ximbank l
0,05%, y l mt mc ph hp dn i vi cc doanh nghip xut khu Vit
Nam v ti y khch hng s c m bo an ton trong vic ly do c
nhiu kinh nghim lu nm trong lnh vc thanh ton quc t.
4.4 Ri ro trong hot ng thanh ton quc t ca ngn hng thng mi
L mt trong nhng lnh vc hot ng kinh doanh ca ngn hng thng
mi thanh ton quc t ra i v pht trin khng ngng nh l mt tt yu
khch quan. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh hot ng ca mnh, TTQT khng ch
n thun mang li nhng li ch kinh t m cn pht sinh nhng nguy c c th
gy ra ri ro, tn tht trc tip cho t nc, cho ngn hng , cho doanh nghip
hot ng kinh doanh xut nhp khu.
Ri ro trong hot ng TTQT ca NHTM l vn xy ra ngoi mun
trong qu trnh tin hnh hot ng TTQT v nh hng xu n hot ng kinh
SVTH: Phm Th Thu Tin
47
Lun vn tt nghip
48
Lun vn tt nghip
49
Lun vn tt nghip
50
Lun vn tt nghip
nhim thanh ton thay cho NH m L/C do NH m L/C thiu thin ch hay mt
kh nng thanh ton, thm ch b ph sn.
4.4.10 Ri ro i vi NH chit khu (negotiating bank)
NH chit khu l NH c ch nh c th hoc bt c NH no nu L/C
cho chit khu t do. Cng nh NH pht hnh, NH chit khu c th gp phi ri
ro nu nh khng thc hin chnh xc nghip v cng nh khng tun th theo
cc iu kin ca UCP500. Ri ro xy ra i vi NH chit khu phn nhiu ph
thuc vo thin ch ca NH m v nh nhp khu. Cc ri ro m NH chit khu
c th gp phi l: Ri ro do nhng nguyn nhn bt kh khng; ri ro do nh
nhp khu tr hon thanh ton; ri ro trong qu trnh vn chuyn; ri ro do nh
nhp khu t chi thanh ton b chng t; ri ro do NH m b ph sn; ri ro do
NH chit khu khng hnh ng ng theo quy nh ca UCP500.
4.4.11 Ri ro mt o c kinh doanh
L nhng ri ro khi mt bn tham gia c tnh khng thc hin ng
ngha v ca mnh, lm nh hng ti quyn li ca cc bn khc.
4.4.12 Ri ro do c ch chnh sch thay i (ri ro chnh tr)
L nhng ri ro c quan h vi nhiu i tng nhiu quc gia khc
nhau. Mi mt s thay i v kinh t, chnh tr u c nh hng n kh nng
thanh ton v s p ng cc iu kin tho thun trong hp ng ca cc
bn. Suy thoi kinh t v bin ng chnh tr s c nh hng tiu cc i vi
cc hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip v giao lu thng mi
quc t.
51
Lun vn tt nghip
CHNG 5
52
Lun vn tt nghip
53
Lun vn tt nghip
nht cc ri ro trong qu trnh hot ng TTQT ca NHTM. Nng cao cht lng
phn tch tnh hnh ti chnh v pht trin h thng cnh bo sm.
5.1.4 i vi NHNN
Tng cng hot ng thanh tra, gim st v nh gi an ton i vi h
thng NHTM. Phi hp vi cc B, ngnh hon thin cc quy trnh, quy nh
cho hot ng TTQT. Xy dng cc phng php kim tra, gim st hot ng
TTQT ca NHTM theo lut php nc ta v cc chun mc quc t.
Hon thin hot ng thng tin phng nga ri ro trong hot ng TTQT cho
ton b h thng NHTM. Xy dng mt h thng cng ngh m bo thu thp
c nhng thng tin qun tr cn thit cho NH kp thi lm c s cho nhng
quyt nh kinh doanh NH. (Theo Tp ch hot ng khoa hc)
5.2 Bin php nng cao hiu qu trong lnh vc thanh ton quc t
5.2.1 Thc hin Marketing Ngn hng
Hin nay, s lng cc ngn hng hot ng trn a bn Thnh Ph Cn
Th ngy cng tng, c bit l ngn hng lin doanh v chi nhnh ca cc ngn
hng nc ngoi lm cho s cnh tranh gia cc Ngn hng ngy cng tr nn
gay gt. V vy Ngn hng ngoi thng Vit Nam chi nhnh Cn Th cn phi
ng dng Marketing vo hot ng kinh doanh nng cao kh nng cnh tranh
vi cc ngn hng khc trn cng a bn. Thay v b ng ch khch hng n,
Vietcombank Cn Th nn tin phong thc hin thc hin ch ng v c gng
thng tin n khch hng tim nng trong nc v nc ngoi. lm tt cng
tc ny, Vietcombank Cn Th cn phi tp trung vo nhng vn sau:
y mnh cng tc tip th thng qua nhiu phng tin thng tin i
chng nh: tp ch, p phch, bng dn thng bo, ti vi,Mt iu hn ch ca
Vietcombank Cn Th l t qung co cc dch v do Ngn hng cung cp trn ti
vi. Nh chng ta bit, phn ln ngi dn u xem ti vi mi ngy. Nu
Vietcombank Cn Th p dng vic qung co cc dch v m Ngn hng cung
cp trn ti vi th chc chn rng Vietcombank Cn Th s thu ht ngy cng
nhiu khch hng n giao dch. Bn cnh , Ngn hng nn cung cp thm
nhiu thng tin hn, hp dn hn trn Website ca mnh khch hng c th
hiu r hn v Vietcombank cng nh nhng chng trnh m Vietcombank u
SVTH: Phm Th Thu Tin
54
Lun vn tt nghip
i cho khch hng v trang Web cng nn thit k va ting Vit v ting Anh
khng nhng khch hng trong nc m khch hng nc ngoi cng c th
hiu c
Quan h cng chng: VCB CT nn tham gia nhiu vo cc hi ngh,
trin lm, hi ch hoc ti tr cho cc hot ng vn ha, th thao c th tip
xc trc tip vi khch hng v ng thi t n gii thiu vi khch hng
T chc hi ngh, hi tho: VCB CT nn t chc cc hi ngh khch hng, hi
tho chuyn lng nghe kin, nhu cu xut ca khch hng. T thu thp
nhng thng tin phn hi t khch hng chnh xc hn, lm c s iu chnh
hot ng hoc a ra cc chin lc v chnh sch ph hp vi nhu cu ca
khch hng. y l iu rt quan trng gip cho Ngn hng nng cao kh nng
cnh tranh trong tt c cc lnh vc hot ng, trong c thanh ton quc t.
Chnh sch ca Ngn hng: Cc hnh thc Marketing ph bin ca Ngn
hng thng lm l c nhn vin tip xc trc tip vi doanh nghip, gii thiu
v cc sn phm dch v hin c ca Ngn hng, gim ph, min ph mt s dch
v km theo qu tng.
5.2.2 H tr vn cho doanh nghip c tim nng
i vi cc doanh nghip c thi gian giao dch lu vi Ngn hng, VCB
CT nn ra nhng chnh sch h tr v vn cho cc doanh nghip ny. Chnh
ngun vn c h tr t Ngn hng, cc n v ny s trang b my mc thit b
hin i m rng hot ng kinh doanh ca doanh nghip gin tip mang li li
nhun v danh ting cho VCB CT. Mun thc hin c iu ny VCB CT
nn o to mt i ng cn b thm nh gii v nghip v chuyn mn, trnh
cng nh kinh nghim thm nh d n.
Thm vo Ngn hng nn ci tin l li lm vic, nhng thao tc x l
cng vic qu trnh thm nh c nhanh chng, p ng kp thi nhu cu
vay vn ca khch hng.
5.2.3 y mnh cng tc t vn khch hng
Ngn hng cn phi t vn cho khch hng v phng thc thanh ton, v
cch lp b chng t hp l gip hot ng xut khu ca khch hng c
nhanh chng, an ton, trnh c ri ro v gim chi ph.
SVTH: Phm Th Thu Tin
55
Lun vn tt nghip
56
Lun vn tt nghip
CHNG 6
57
Lun vn tt nghip
L Ngn hng u tin ca Tnh tham gia hot ng ngoi thng VCBCT c kt nhng kinh nghim b ch ln nhng mi quan h vi cc n v
hu quan nhm phc v tt cng tc thanh ton quc t. Trong thi gian qua,
Ngn hng to c uy tn cao i vi khch hng trong cng tc chuyn tin
trong v ngoi nc, m L/C nhp khu, thng bo L/C xut khu, thc hin
phng thc nh thu, i l thanh ton th,
c bit Ngn hng c tn nhim cao trong m nhn bo lnh hng
nhp khu
V quan h quc t n nay CVB CT to c mi quan h trn 1300
Ngn hng thuc hn 85 quc gia trn th gii v khng nh c uy tn trong
hot ng i ngoi, c nhiu Ngn hng Th Gii nh gi l Ngn hng
Thanh Ton Quc T t cht lng cao.
Vi phng chm Nhanh, Chnh xc, An ton v Hiu qu, Ngn hng
s pht huy tt hn na cng tc Thanh Ton Quc T xng ng l chic
cu ni lin cc nhu cu giao dch mua, bn gia cc t chc xut nhp khu ca
khu vc vi cc i tc nc ngoi, gp phn vo s thc y pht trin kinh ca
Thnh Ph Cn th ni ring v khu vc ng Bng Sng Cu Long ni chung.
58
Lun vn tt nghip
59
Lun vn tt nghip
1. GS.TS. V Thanh Thu (2008). Hi p v thanh ton xut nhp khu qua
phng thc tn dng chng t, NXB Lao ng X hi
2. PGS.TS. L Vn T (2007). Nghip v ngn hng thng mi, NXB
thng k
3. PGS.TS. L Vn T (2008). Nghip v ngn hng thng mi, NXB Lao
ng X hi
4. TS. Nguyn Minh Kiu (2006). Bi tp & bi gii thanh ton quc t,
NXB thng k
5. TS. Nguyn Minh Kiu (2006). Thanh ton quc t, NXB thng k
6. Mt s trang Wed:
www.VCB.com.vn
www.EXB.com.vn
www.MSB.com.vn
60