EX.

NO: 2
SQL> create table employ(ename varchar2(15),eid number(5),doj date,basicpay
number(8,2),age number(3),dept varchar2(15));
Table created.
SQL> desc employ;
Name
Null? Type
----------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ---------------------------ENAME
VARCHAR2(15)
EID
NUMBER(5)
DOJ
DATE
BASICPAY
NUMBER(8,2)
AGE
NUMBER(3)
DEPT
VARCHAR2(15)
SQL> alter table employ add(address varchar2(15));
Table altered.
SQL> desc employ;
Name
Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ---------------------------ENAME
VARCHAR2(15)
EID
NUMBER(5)
DOJ
DATE
BASICPAY
NUMBER(8,2)
AGE
NUMBER(3)
DEPT
VARCHAR2(15)
ADDRESS
VARCHAR2(15)
SQL> alter table employ modify(address varchar2(20));
Table altered.
SQL> desc employ;
Name
Null? Type
----------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ---------------------------ENAME
VARCHAR2(15)
EID
NUMBER(5)
DOJ
DATE
BASICPAY
NUMBER(8,2)
AGE
NUMBER(3)
DEPT
VARCHAR2(15)
ADDRESS
VARCHAR2(20)

SQL> drop table employ;

Table dropped.
SQL> desc employ;
ERROR:
ORA-04043: object employ does not exist
SQL> truncate table employ;
Table truncated.
SQL> desc employ;
Name
Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ---------------------------ENAME
VARCHAR2(15)
EID
NUMBER(5)
DOJ
DATE
BASICPAY
NUMBER(8,2)
AGE
NUMBER(3)
DEPT
VARCHAR2(15)
ADDRESS
VARCHAR2(20)

EX.NO: 3
SQL> insert into employ values('jerin','555','14-feb-09','17000',23,'hr','chennai');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into employ values('&ename','&eid','&doj','&basicpay','&age',
'&dept','&address');
Enter value for ename: vasanth
Enter value for eid: 222
Enter value for doj: 21-may-83
Enter value for basicpay: 12000
Enter value for age: 32
Enter value for dept: admin
Enter value for address: chennai
old 1: insert into employ values('&ename','&eid','&doj','&basicpay','&age',
'&dept','&address')
new 1: insert into employ values('vasanth','222','21-may-83','12000','32',
'admin','chennai')
1 row created.
SQL> /

Enter value for ename: arun

Enter value for eid: 111
Enter value for doj: 12-dec-12
Enter value for basicpay: 20000
Enter value for age: 25
Enter value for dept: it
Enter value for address: trichy
old 1: insert into employ values('&ename','&eid','&doj','&basicpay','&age',
'&dept','&address')
new 1: insert into employ values('arun','111','12-dec-12','20000','25','it','trichy')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for ename: viji
Enter value for eid: 777
Enter value for doj: 1-aug-12
Enter value for basicpay: 11000
Enter value for age: 23
Enter value for dept: finance
Enter value for address: madurai
old 1: insert into employ values('&ename','&eid','&doj','&basicpay','&age',
'&dept','&address')
new 1: insert into employ values('viji','777','1-aug-12','11000','23','finance','madurai')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for ename: sakthi
Enter value for eid: 333
Enter value for doj: 27-sep-82
Enter value for basicpay: 25000
Enter value for age: 24
Enter value for dept: admin
Enter value for address: chennai
old 1: insert into employ values('&ename','&eid','&doj','&basicpay','&age',
'&dept','&address')
new 1: insert into employ values('sakthi','333','27-sep-82','25000','24',
'admin','chennai')
1 row created.

SQL> select * from employ;

ENAME

EID

DOJ

BASICPAY AGE

DEPT

ADDRESS

---------------- ----------- ------------------- --------------------- ---------- ----------------- ---------------------jerin

555 14-FEB-09 17000
23
hr
chennai
vasanth 222 21-MAY-83 12000
32 admin chennai
arun
111 12-DEC-12 20000
25
it
trichy
viji
777 01-AUG-12 11000
23 finance madurai
sakthi
333 27-SEP-82 25000
24
admin chennai
SQL> update employ set basicpay=basicpay+(basicpay*5/100);
5 rows updated.
SQL> select * from employ;
ENAME EID DOJ
BASICPAY AGE DEPT
ADDRESS
--------------- ---------- ------------------- ------------------- ---------- --------------- -------------------jerin
555 14-FEB-09 17850
23
hr
chennai
vasanth 222 21-MAY-83 12600
32 admin
chennai
arun
111 12-DEC-12 21000
25
it
trichy
viji
777 01-AUG-12 11550
23 finance
madurai
sakthi 333
27-SEP-82 26250
24 admin
chennai
SQL> delete from employ where eid=111;
1 row deleted.
SQL> select * from employ;
ENAME EID DOJ
BASICPAY AGE DEPT ADDRESS
--------------- ---------- ----------------- --------------------- ---------- --------------- -------------------jerin
555 14-FEB-09
17850 23
hr
chennai
vasanth 222 21-MAY-83 12600 32 admin chennai
viji
777 01-AUG-12 11550 23 finance madurai
sakthi 333 27-SEP-82 26250 24 admin
Chennai

EX.NO: 4
SQL> create table st_details(rno number(5),sname varchar2(15),dob date,
course varchar2(6),dept varchar2(4), sem varchar2(5),per number(3));
Table created.
SQL> desc st_details;
Name
Null? Type
------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------- -------------------------------------------RNO
NUMBER(5)
SNAME
VARCHAR2(15)

DOB
COURSE
DEPT
SEM
PER

DATE
VARCHAR2(6)
VARCHAR2(4)
VARCHAR2(5)
NUMBER(3)

SQL> insert into st_details values('111','senthil','27-sep-92','mca','mca','03','95');

1 row created.
SQL> insert into st_details values('&rno','&sname','&dob','&course','&dept',
'&sem','&per');
Enter value for rno: 777
Enter value for sname: kumar
Enter value for dob: 14-aug-90
Enter value for course: mba
Enter value for dept: mba
Enter value for sem: 03
Enter value for per: 85
old 1: insert into st_details values('&rno','&sname','&dob','&course','&dept',
'&sem','&per')
new 1: insert into st_details values('777','kumar','14-aug-90','mba','mba','03','85')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for rno: 555
Enter value for sname: sakthi
Enter value for dob: 14-feb-91
Enter value for course: mba
Enter value for dept: mba
Enter value for sem: 03
Enter value for per: 90
old 1: insert into st_details values('&rno','&sname','&dob','&course','&dept',
'&sem','&per')
new 1: insert into st_details values('555','sakthi','14-feb-91','mba','mba','03','90')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value
Enter value
Enter value
Enter value
Enter value
Enter value

for
for
for
for
for
for

rno: 333
sname: guru
dob: 1-jan-89
course: bba
dept: mba
sem: 02

Enter value for per: 75

old 1: insert into st_details values('&rno','&sname','&dob','&course','&dept',
'&sem','&per')
new 1: insert into st_details values('333','guru','1-jan-89','bba','mba','02','75')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for rno: 222
Enter value for sname: sai
Enter value for dob: 29-oct-90
Enter value for course: bca
Enter value for dept: mca
Enter value for sem: 01
Enter value for per: 70
old 1: insert into st_details values('&rno','&sname','&dob','&course','&dept',
'&sem','&per')
new 1: insert into st_details values('222','sai','29-oct-90','bca','mca','01','70')
1 row created.

SQL> select * from st_details;

RNO SNAME
DOB
COURSE DEPT SEM PER
---------- --------------- ------------------- ------------------ --------------- ---------- ---------111 senthil 27-SEP-92 mca
mca
3
95
777 kumar 14-AUG-90 mba
mba
3
85
555 sakthi 14-FEB-91 mba
mba
3
90
333 guru
01-JAN-89 bba
mba
2
75
222
sai
29-OCT-90 bca
mca
1
70
SQL> select distinct course from st_details;
COURSE
---------------bba
bca
mba
mca
SQL> select sname,per from st_details;
SNAME
PER
------------------ -----------senthil
95

kumar
sakthi
guru
sai

85
90
75
70

SQL> select * from st_details where per>75;

RNO SNAM
DOB
COURSE DEPT
------------ ----------------- ------------------- -----------------111 senthil 27-SEP-92 mca
mca
777 kumar 14-AUG-90 mba
mba
555 sakthi 14-FEB-91 mba
mba

SEM PER
-------------- ---------- ---------3
95
3
85
3
90

SQL> select rno,sname from st_details order by per;

RNO
-----------222
333
777
555
111

SNAME
-------------------sai
guru
kumar
sakthi
senthil

SQL> select sname from st_details where sem='03' and course='mba';

SNAME
----------------kumar
sakthi
SQL> select sname from st_details where sem='03' or course='mba';
SNAME
--------------senthil
kumar
sakthi
SQL> select sname,course from st_details where dept in('mba');
SNAME
--------------kumar
sakthi
guru

COURSE
------------------mba
mba
bba

SQL> select sname,course,sem from st_details where dept not in('mba');

SNAME COURSE SEM
--------------- -------------------- ---------senthil
mca
3
sai
bca
1

SQL> select * from st_details where sname like 's%';

RNO SNAME DOB
COURSE DEPT SEM PER
---------- ----------------- ------------------ ------------------ -------------- ---------- ---------111 senthil 27-SEP-92 mca
mca
3
95
555 sakthi 14-FEB-91 mba
mba
3
90
222 sai
29-OCT-90 bca
mca
1
70

SQL> select sname,per from st_details where per between 85 and 90;
SNAME
--------------kumar
sakthi

PER
--------------85
90

SQL> select sname,per from st_details where per not between 85 and 90;
SNAME PER
--------------- -----------senthil
95
guru
75
sai
70
SQL> select * from st_details where not(dept='mba');
RNO
SNAME
DOB
COURSE DEPT
SEM PER
------------- ---------------- -------------------- ------------------ --------------- --------------- ---------111 senthil
27-SEP-92 mca
mca
3
95
222 sai
29-OCT-90 bca
mca
1
70
SQL> select sname,course,sem from st_details where not dept='mba';
SNAME COURSE SEM
------------------- ------------------- ------------senthil
mca
3
sai
bca
1

EX.NO: 5
SQL> select * from st_details;
RNO SNAME
DOB
COURSE DEPT SEM PER
-------------- ------------------ ------------------- -------------------- --------------- ------------ -------------111 senthil
27-SEP-92 mca
mca
3
95
777 kumar
14-AUG-90 mba
mba
3
85
555 sakthi
14-FEB-91 mba
mba
3
90
333 guru
01-JAN-89 bba
mba
2
75
222 sai
29-OCT-90 bca
mca
1
70
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> delete from st_details where rno=111;
1 row deleted.
SQL> select * from st_details;
RNO
--------777
555
333
222

SNAME
DOB
COURSE DEPT SEM PER
----------------- ------------------ -------------------- -------------- ---------- ---------kumar 14-AUG-90 mba
mba
3
85
sakthi 14-FEB-91 mba
mba
3
90
guru
01-JAN-89 bba
mba
2
75
sai
29-OCT-90 bca
mca
1
70

SQL> rollback;
Rollback complete.

SQL> select * from st_details;

RNO SNAME DOB COURSE DEPT SEM PER
---------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------- ------------- ---------- ---------111 senthil 27-SEP-92 mca
mca
3
95
777 kumar 14-AUG-90 mba
mba
3
85
555 sakthi 14-FEB-91 mba
mba
3
90
333 guru
01-JAN-89 bba
mba
2
75
222 sai
29-OCT-90 bca
mca
1
70

SQL> savepoint spp;

Savepoint created.
SQL> delete from st_details where rno=111;
1 row deleted.
SQL> select * from st_details;
RNO SNAME
DOB
COURSE DEPT SEM PER
--------- ----------------- ------------------ -------------------- -------------- ---------- ---------777 kumar 14-AUG-90 mba
mba
3
85
555 sakthi 14-FEB-91 mba
mba
3
90
333 guru
01-JAN-89 bba
mba
2
75
222 sai
29-OCT-90 bca
mca
1
70

SQL> rollback to spp;

Rollback complete.
SQL> select * from st_details;
RNO SNAME DOB COURSE DEPT SEM PER
---------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------- ------------- ---------- ---------111 senthil 27-SEP-92 mca
mca
3
95
777 kumar 14-AUG-90 mba
mba
3
85
555 sakthi 14-FEB-91 mba
mba
3
90
333 guru
01-JAN-89 bba
mba
2
75
222 sai
29-OCT-90 bca
mca
1
70

EX.NO: 6
SQL> create table library(bname varchar2(15),aname varchar2(10),
bcode number(10),doa date,pname varchar2(20),price number(6,2));
Table created.
SQL> desc library;
Name
Null?
Type
--------------------------------------- ----------------------------- --------------------------------------------

BNAME
ANAME
BCODE
DOA
PNAME
PRICE

VARCHAR2(15)
VARCHAR2(10)
NUMBER(10)
DATE
VARCHAR2(20)
NUMBER(6,2)

SQL> insert into library values('&bname','&aname','&bcode','&doa',

'&pname','&price');
Enter value for bname: mis
Enter value for aname: senapathi
Enter value for bcode: 3001
Enter value for doa: 21-mar-10
Enter value for pname: tt
Enter value for price: 250
old 1: insert into library values('&bname','&aname','&bcode','&doa',
'&pname','&price')
new 1: insert into library values('mis','senapathi','3001','21-mar-10','tt','250')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for bname: oracle
Enter value for aname: guru
Enter value for bcode: 5001
Enter value for doa: 14-apr-10
Enter value for pname: tmg
Enter value for price: 500
old 1: insert into library values('&bname','&aname','&bcode','&doa',
'&pname','&price')
new 1: insert into library values('oracle','guru','5001','14-apr-10','tmg','500')
1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for bname: mis
Enter value for aname: brain
Enter value for bcode: 3000
Enter value for doa: 21-mar-11
Enter value for pname: pearson
Enter value for price: 700
old 1: insert into library values('&bname','&aname','&bcode','&doa',
'&pname','&price')
new 1: insert into library values('mis','brain','3000','21-mar-11','pearson','700')

1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for bname: mis
Enter value for aname: senthil
Enter value for bcode: 3006
Enter value for doa: 12-aug-12
Enter value for pname: sakthi
Enter value for price: 150
old 1: insert into library values('&bname','&aname','&bcode','&doa',
'&pname','&price')
new 1: insert into library values('mis','senthil','3006','12-aug-12','sakthi','150')
1 row created.
SQL> select * from library;
BNAME ANAME BCODE
DOA
PNAME
PRICE
--------------- -------------------- ---------------- ------------------- -------------------- ----------------mis
senapathi 3001 21-MAR-10
tt
250
oracle
guru
5001 14-APR-10
tmg
500
mis
brain
3000 21-MAR-11
pearson
700
mis
senthil
3006 12-AUG-12
sakthi
150

GROUP FUNCTIONS:
SQL> select avg(price) from library;
AVG(PRICE)
--------------------400

SQL> select max(price) from library;

MAX(PRICE)
---------------------700
SQL> select min(price) from library;
MIN(PRICE)
--------------------150

SQL> select sum(price) from library;

SUM(PRICE)
--------------------1600
SQL> select count(*) from library;
COUNT(*)
-------------------4

CHARACTER FUNCTIONS:
SQL> select initcap ('karthick')from dual;
INITCAP(
---------------Karthick
SQL> select lower('KARTHICK')from dual;
LOWER('K
-----------------karthick
SQL> select upper('karthick')from dual;
UPPER('K
----------------KARTHICK

SQL> select ltrim('karthickeyan','karthick')from dual;

LTRI
-----------eyan
SQL> select ltrim('karthickeyan','karthic')from dual;
LTRI
----------eyan

SQL> select ltrim('senthilkumar','senthil')from dual;

LTRIM
-------------kumar
SQL> select rtrim('senthilkumar','kumar')from dual;
RTRIM('
--------------senthil
SQL> select LPAD('senthilkumar',7,'char to pad')from dual;
LPAD('S
---------------senthil
SQL> select RPAD('senthilkumar',11,'char to pad')from dual;
RPAD('SENTH
-------------------------senthilkuma
SQL> select replace('senthilkumar','kumar','rajkumar') from dual;
REPLACE('SENTHI
-------------------------------senthilrajkumar

SQL> select translate('senthilkumar','kumar','rajkumar') from dual;

TRANSLATE('S
-------------------------senthilrajku

SQL> select substr('senthilkumar',2,6)from dual;

SUBSTR
---------------enthil

NUMERIC FUNCTIONS:

SQL> select ABS(-5)from dual;

ABS(-5)
--------------------5
SQL> select CEIL(4.5)from dual;
CEIL(4.5)
--------------------5

SQL> select FLOOR(4.5)from dual;

FLOOR(4.5)
---------------------4
SQL> select SQRT(49)from dual;
SQRT(49)
----------------------7
SQL> select SIN(0)from dual;
SIN(0)
---------------0
SQL> select COS(0)from dual;
COS(0)
----------------1
SQL> select EXP(0)from dual;
EXP(0)
----------------1
SQL> select POWER(3,3)from dual;
POWER(3,3)

---------------------27
SQL> select ROUND(5,7)from dual;
ROUND(5,7)
--------------------5

SQL> select MOD(5,3)from dual;

MOD(5,3)
--------------------2

DATE FUNCTIONS:
SQL> select add_months('19-jun-13',9)from dual;
ADD_MONTH
---------------------19-MAR-14
SQL> select last_day('19-jun-13')from dual;
LAST_DAY(
--------------------30-JUN-13
SQL> select next_day('19-jun-13','monday')from dual;
NEXT_DAY(
-------------------24-JUN-13

SQL> select months_between('19-aug-13','19-jun-13')from dual;

MONTHS_BETWEEN('19-AUG-13','19-JUN-13')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------2
SQL> select greatest('19-jun-13','3-aug-13')from dual;

GREATEST
------------------3-aug-13

SQL> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE
------------------19-JUN-13