11.

(Direction of Polarization)

X Y

11.3.1
(dichroism)


(tourmaline)
(herapathite)

 (Malus's law)
I I m cos
2

I m

I m ax I m in
P
100 %
I m ax I m in

P = 100%

P =0

11.3.2

(Brewsters angle)

100%

p r 90

(polarizing angle)
(Brewster' angle)
r

n2
tan p
n1

15)
30%

16) 3
45o 2 2
o
45 3

17)
n = 1.54

18)
60o

11.3.3 (birefringence)
(anisotropic)

(optic axis)
( )

 2
1 . (ordinary ray)

no

2. (extraordinary ray)
(extraodinary ray)

ne

 o e

n
2
n

 (quarter-wave plate)

( o e
2

 (half-wave plate)

( )