You are on page 1of 6

..

9/10/2007

1.1

, , . ,
, , bits
,
:

   
    
   

   
    
   

   
   
   

   
   
   

( )

   
   
   

bits .
1

   
   
   

,
,  . ,
   ,   ,
.








1.1.1. -bit -bit .





,

.


. ,
,

  ,

  

  .



 
 





 

 
 





 



 



1.

 -bit .
 
  . , 

 . ,
, 

 , 
  -bit .

   
.

  


  



2.  

-bit .
  
  .
( 2.1.1)  , -

, ,
, .
, , , , , 
,
    . ,
, , , , 1 ,
.










3. -bit -bit 1. -bit


-bit .
(i)
 , .
(ii)

  )
  .
( 

,

-bit




-bit




.

-bit (bits)
(
): -bit

 -bit , . 1 , .

 

   
   
  




 


      



, 0 1.

  

: . (
) -bit .
, ( )
  -bit  . 
()
0, , 1.


 



 

1.1.2. -bit -bit


,

 
  
.

   

 

,
,
. ,
, bits , , 
,  .
, ,
,
 .
.





     , ,
  (. 2.1.1).

1.1.3.

  .

 

4. 10-bit 4-bit
.

2
2.1

2.1.1.

,

 

   

   



 
  .  
 .
   ,
 ,
. ,
  
 .
2.1.2. 2.1.1,  
  .
,

  2.1.1

: , 

  .

  

 

 
   
  
 
     

.
2.1.3.

, ,  
       . ,
,
,  , 



.
, 
  . ,
   .


  

 



. , 


 . , , 
  
  ,
,  
  . %

 

 

  
  

  

5. 2.1.3,

. 1.1.3,
 
,
  .

   



2.1.4. ( 2.1.1.)

,

   , 
,

 

      



  

 

 :

 .

,    

: ,
  .

 

      



6. 2.1.3 2.1.4,
, 
   


. ,      
.
,     .



2.2



   
 

  



, ,

 

2.2.1. 
 ,
 (, , ,
). ,

,
 ,
 :

.
:

.



    

 





 
  



 :
,
,
 .

7. , ,
2.2.1,


3 4
( ).

  

8. 2.2.1
()

.


 


 .

 .

  


 

 


. 
, ,
Euler    

, , ,   .


2.2.1. ,

, , ,  ,
2  
:









 

, 2.1.4 , , ,

, ,

,
 
 ,
, ,  .

 
 




 



 ,

9. , 


 .

. :

, ,

  
  







   




      




 

(1)

( ), 5
, 6 ,
2

10 2007

7 . 300
400, ;
1
2.2.2. ( )



 

  
 

   





         

             
(1).  , , (1),    

.


    
, ,


!
. , 10,15,49
( 1), , ,
,   .

 , ,
,  
  ,

 ,
, 2.1.4.

 

.
N. Koblitz, Algebraic aspects of Cryptography, Springer 1999, 2.
R.A. Mollin, An introduction to Cryptography, Chapman & Hall/CRC 2007
( ), B.
.. ( ),
1.

You might also like