Thong Tin Di Dong2

quy hoch mng thng tin di ng Phn III.
Phng php tnh ton quy hoch mng M hnh 4/12

B1 C1 b2 C1 C3 B1 B3 C1 C3 B1 B3 C1 C3 A3 C2 D1 b2 A3 C2 D1 b2 A3 C2 D1 A1 D3 A1 D3 A1 C3 A2 B3 2 C3 A2 B3 2 C3 A2 B3 B1 C1 B1 C1 B1 C2 D1 b2 A3 C2 D1 b2 A3 C2 D1 b2 A1 D3 A1 D3 A1 D3 B3 2 C3 A2 B3 2 C3 A2 B3 2 C3 C1 B1 C1 B1 C1 B1 b2 A3 C2 D1 b2 A3 C2 D1 b2 A3 C2 D3 A1 A2 D3 2 A1 A2 D3 2 A1 A2 B3
M hnh 3/9
A1 A3 B1 B3 C1 C3 A1 A3 B1 B3 A2 C1 A2 C3 b2 A3 C2 B3 A2 C3 b2 A3 A1 C1 B1 A1 C1 A3 C2 B3 A2 C3 b2 A3 C2 B3 A2 C1 B1 A1 C1 B1 A1 A2 C3 b2 A3 C2 B3 A2 C3 b2 A3 A1 C1 B1 A1 C1 A3 C2 B3 A2 C3 b2 A3 C2 B3 A2 C1 B1 b2 A1 A2 C1 C2 B1 b2 A1 A2
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quy hoch mng thng tin di ng Phn III. Phng php tnh ton quy hoch mng
E(t)=a(t)Cos(t+y(t)) y a(t) ch ph thuc vo cng sut pht m khng ph thuc vo ni dung dng s liu. Y(t)=Y(0)+K1(-iT) Vi cc nh ngha sau y: Dng s liu l : .... di-1,d1,di+1,... Ki=1 nu di=di-1 Ki=1 nu didi-1 (xT)=/ G(x+1/2)-G(x-1/2) / x11/2 T=13/s Phn tch tn ph theo trnh t cc bt ngu nhin ch ra rng di tn ph ca n c dng nh hnh sau:
-16 -20 -40 60 70 -100 -110 5,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5
Di tn ph rnh:
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rng di tn chim khong 900KHz do vic chn vic chn la cc knh trong 1Cell vo Cell ln cn c tn s cch bit ch s sy ra mt s trng lp qu ln v di tn ph. iu dn ti cn c mt k hoch s dng tn s mt cch khoa hc gim nhiu. * Suy hao ng truyn: L qu trnh m tn hiu thu gim dn do khong cch trm pht v trm thu ngy cng tng. Vi mt Angten cho trc cng sut pht suy hao ng truyn t l vi bnh phng ca dxf vi d l khong cch v f l tn s. Trong a hnh thnh ph suy hao c th tl vi d4 hoc hn th. Trong mi trng khong gian t do c th tnh suy hao ng truyn nh sau: PL= 20 log(42.dKmfMHz) dB = 32,5 + 20 log fMHz + 20 log dKm dB Vi dKm l khong cch tnh bng Km fMHz l tn s tnh bng MHz PL l suy hao ng truyn tnh bng dB
MS BT S
Past Loss (free grace) d
k m
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Nh ta bit c 3 yu t lm nh hng n suy hao ng truyn l khong cch tng (nh ni trn) ngoi ra cn chu nh hng ca Phadinh chun Lgo v Pla inh nhiu tia (Rayleigh). Cng thc tnh suy hao ng truyn c tnh n nh hng ca hai loi Pha inh trn c a ra trong bo co ca CCITT 1982: PL = 69,55 + 26,16 log fMHz - 13,28 log h1 - a(h1) + (44,9 - 6,55 log h1) log dKm Vi : PL : Suy hao ng truyn tnh bng dB fMHz : tn s tnh bng Mhz h1 Chiu cao ca Angten BTS tnh bng mt h2 Chiu cao ca Angten MS tnh bng mt a(h2) = (1,1 log P - 0,2) h2 - (1,56 log f - 0,8) dKm Khong cch tnh bng Km
MS
Nm 1968 Okumura mt k s ngi Nht tm ra phng php tnh ton cng trng ti im thu bng cch tra th ( Th 1).
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th ny khng s dng n nu khng c cc du chnh vi cc kiu khc nhau i vi tng loi a hnh. Trong bo co ca Okumura a ra 5 loi a hnh khc nhau: 12345a hnh gn phng. a hnh ni nhp nh thp. a hnh ni cao. a hnh thng dc. a hnh t lin v bin.
Sau y l v d ca th hiu chnh t bo co ca Okumura. th (2,3,4)
11 0 10 0 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 2 5
200m 150m 100m 70m 50m 30m
th 1
1000m 800m 600m 450m 300m
52d B
10
BTS
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10 0
Receive r 10% 90%
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10Km
K(dB) 0
th 2
-10
-30 20 30 40 70 10 0 20 0 30 0 50 0
h(m)
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BTS h=200m
20
K[dB]
10 A BC
-10
-20
-30
6
A: d1 >= 60 km A: d1 >= 60 km A: d1 >= 60 km
10
dKm
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th 3: K yu t hiu chnh a hnh qu cao Tx (A) Rx (B)
Tx
d1
d1
20
K[dB]
15
d>60km d<30km
10
5
(d1/d)[%]
20
40
60
80
100
Gi s ta c mt s thng s nh sau: Tn s: 900MHz
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Cng sut pht: 1Kw cao Angten : 100m Khong cch : 100m Vi vng thnh ph : mi trng t do ta dng th 1 tm c cng trng t 84 dB(V/m) Tnh ton theo cng thc: 80 dB( V/m) (a hnh bng phng c phn x mt t) Tnh theo Okomura : 45 dB(V/m) T y ta tm c s khc nhau v cng trng thu cng nh suy hao ng truyn theo tng cch tnh khc nhau.
Mode dng T do Bng phng Okomura Cng trng Cng sut thu 84 dB(V/m) 80 dB(V/m) 45 dB(V/m) -52 dBm -56 dBm -91 dBm Suy hao ng truyn 112 dB 116 dB 151 dB
Trong bng trn cng sut thu c tnh theo cng thc: PL(dBm)=E(dB(V/m))-20* log fMHz - 77,2 * Cng thc Okumuza-Hata : Nm 1980 Hata l mt k s in t nht bn da trn th va Okumuza a ra mt s cng thc tnh ton suy hao ng truyn nh sau: + Trong iu kin thnh ph bnh thng L(thnh ph)=69,55+26,16*log f -13,82 * log h1 + (44,9-6,55 log h1) * log d Trong : f : tn s [Mhz] h1 : cao Angten BTS[m]
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d : khong cch [m] + Trong iu kin ngoi c th dng cng thc: L(ngoi )=L(thnh ph)-[2*(log(f/28))2 +5,4] + Trong iu kin quang ng, khng cy cao, khng nh cao tng c th dng cng thc: L(bng phng)=L(thnh ph)-[4,78*(log f)2-18,83* log f +40,94] Cc cng thc ny hiu chnh cho st vi iu kin thc t nh s dng cc yu t hiu chnh thc hin trong cc th Okumuza trnh by trn. * Phn tn thi gian: Phn tn thi gian cng l trng hp ca truyn lan nhiu ng dn do phn x. H thng GSM c thit k c th hn ch phn tn thi gian nh s dng mt b cn bng m c th thc hin cn bng mt s nht nh tn hiu phn x nhng khng phi l tt c. B cn bng ca GSM c th t c s cn bng cho cc tn hiu phn x chm khong 4 bt so v tn hiu n trc tip, tng ng vi 15 s. Tuy nhin nu tn hiu phn x m n tr hn th th b cn bng khng th p ng c. Giai on m b cn bng c th p ng c gi l m s thi gian. Trong ca s thi gian s tng cng tn hiu n trc tip. Tng cc tn hiu phn x c th nh hn 15s phi t nht nh hn 9 ln tng cc tn hiu trong ca s. T s ny gi l t s sng mang trn sng phn x ( C/R). C/R c tnh bng t s gia nng lng trong ca s v nng lng ngoi ca s ca b cn bng. C/R cng nh th cht lng cng km. V tr t BTS nh hng rt ln n t s ny nn t khng hp l s gy nn phn tn thi gian ln. Cc vng c a hnh nh min ni, thnh ph nhiu nh cao tng, vng h xy dng nhiu thm, bc thng c t s C/R nh. Thng thng tn hiu phn x phi i qua qung ng ln hn 4,5 Km so vi tn hiu trc tip th mi c tr hn 1,5s tuy nhin nu tn hiu phn x khng
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mnh tc l t s C/R ln hn 1 s cho php th khng nh hng n vng sng phc v. Ngc li nu tn hiu phn x mnh nhng tr vn thuc ca s th s tng mnh ca tn hiu i thng. Ch khi C/R nh phn tn thi gian ln th mi c yu cu thay i vi tr BTS, hoc dng phng php t thm BTS ph tr. Khi st vn ny cn phi cn c vo cc v tr cn i gia MS v BTS bi v mi v tr d l cch nhau khng ln th c th C/R cch nhau rt ln. * Nhiu ng knh: Nhiu giao thoa ng knh l nhiu do tn hiu thu khng mong mun c cng tn s v tn hiu thu mong mun. T s gia mc sng mang khng mong mun l t s nhiu giao thoa ng knh (C/I). T s ny ph thuc vo nhng yu t nh: + Mu s dng li tn s: khong cch gia hai Cell cng tn s nh hng ln nhau. + V tr a hnh. + Cc vng phn x a phng. + Kiu Angten, tnh nh hng, chiu cao Angten. + Cc sng gy nhiu a phng c cng tn s. T s ny gy nh hng rt mnh n cht lng tn hiu, dn n sai tn hiu, gii m sai gy nn st cuc gi hoc tht bi trn ng ni v tuyn. Tiu chun GSM cho php C/I nh nht l 10. Ngoi ra trong thng tin v tuyn tn hiu cn b nh hng cc knh ln cn l cc knh gn tn s vi tn hiu thu, di tn ca chng trng ln nhau mc ln. Trong trng hp ny cng gy nhiu gi l nhiu giao thoa knh ln cn (C/A) trong thc t cc tn s ca cc BTS cng v tr thng gy nh hng cho nhau.
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Tn hiu thu c khi o c thng gm rt nhiu loi tn hiu v nhiu nh k trn. Khi o c ta c th xc nh t s C/(I+R+A), nh gi mc hoc li c th xc nh c t s ny phi nh n cc my o chuyn dng. 2.2.6 Cng sut thu pht Nh chc nng iu khin cng sut pht m 1 MS c th m bo giuy tr hot ng trong mt thi gian di vi ngun nng lng nh b. Mi MS c th cng sut ln nht l 12 W. Nhng thng thng mt MS cm tay c cng sut 2 W. Do khi thit k phi tnh ton xem BTS c th thu c tn hiu pht ca MS xa nht trong vng phc v ca Cell hay khng. Cng sut pht ca BTS cng phi c tnh ton n mc d BTS-MS coi nh l hai bn thu pht tng ng, nhng kh nng thu tn hiu BTS v Ms l khc nhau. Cc yu t l: Angten: Angten pht v thu ca BTS v MS hon ton khc nhau BTS c th
dng cc Angten nh: + Angten ng hng (Ominiderectional Angtena) : Trng sng bc x ca Angten ra moi hng l nh nhau + Angten nh hng ( (Un) - Directional Angtena) : loi Angten cho php thu hoc pht theo mt hng nht nh. Chng thng c s dng trong cc Sectouze. Cng sut pht tp trung vo mt hng do n c phn phn x hoc phi hp gia phn x v nh hng. C hai loi Angten inh hng nh sau:
1200 3 sector
600 6 sector
mu bc x phi hp. Loi n gin nht l Angten 2 hng c pht di theo 2
A : 1200 B : 600 sector sector + Angten a hng: y l h thng Angten m mi Angten thch hin mt Angtena Angtena 64
hng ngc nhau. Loi ny c kh nng ph sng theo di tn nh trc giao thng m c lu lng nh. khuch i Angten phn tp Angten: G phn tp Phn tp Angten l s dng 2 Angten thu c lp t v tr gc thu khc nhau phi hp, chon la s a dngca cc mc tn hiu thu c gy bi truyn lan a ng dn. Phn tp Angten ci thin cht lng tn hiu trong vng c mi trng truyn sng phc tp. Kh nng c th tng tn hiu thu t 36 dB nh s dng Angten phn tp. nhy cm ca phn thu: nhy cm l mc tn hiu thu thp nht m
Angten c th thu tt tn hiu. Thng thng BTS nhy cm thu tn hiu l 104 dB v mc MS thng l 102 dBm PdBm = 10 log Pw/103 Tuy nhin nh kh nng thu ca Angten v phn tp Angten nn cng sut bc x ngoi Angten c th nh hn. Cng thc cn bng: Gphn tp[dB] + PBc x[dB] = Pmy thu[dBm] + Lsuy hao cp feeder[dB] thu tn hiu ln Angten pht cn s dng mt h thng phi hp Angten (coupling) pht. H thng ny c th phi hp 6 sng mang t cc thit b thu pht TRx cho pht trn 1 Angten. Khi qua cc thit b trn cng sut ca tn hiu s b gim t 39 dB tu thuc vo s Combiner m n phi i qua. Nh tnh ton n cng sut pht tn hiu BTS c chia thnh cc lp, cc lp thu pht TRx c nh ngha theo mc tn hiu ln nht m c th iu chnh:
Lp cng sut 1 2 3 Cng sut ln nht (W) 230 160 80
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4 5 6 7 8
40 20 20 5 2,5
Cn c vo mc cng sut pht ln nht iu chnh cng sut pht cho tng BTS: Trong h thng thng tin di ngtn ti hai h thng truyn sng l: + Uplink t MS n mng thong qua BTS + Downlink t mng n MS thng qua BTS Vi cng sut pht ca MS c th l 12 W hoc vi 1 MS cm tay thng thng l 2 W do khi tnh ton cng sut thu pht ca BTS phi theo G cn bng sau y: PBT[dBm] (Base Transmiter Output Power) Cng sut thu ca TRx . PMT[dBm] (Mobile Transmiter Power) Cng sut pht ca MS. PMR[dBm] (Mobile Reciver Power) Cng sut thu ca MS. GB[dB] (Base Antena Gain) Tng ch ca Angten BTS. GM[dB] ( Mobile Antena Gain) Tngch ca Angten MS. GD[dB] (Diverty Gain) Khuch i phn tp Angten. LD[dB] (Propagation Lost) Suy hao ng truyn. LC[dB] (Base Conbner Lost) Suy hao ng truyn qua cp LBF[dB] (Base Feedz Lost) suy hao qua feedz MS. Cng sut thu pht ca MS c tnh theo cng thc: PMG= PBT - LC - LBF + GB - LP + GM - LMF(1)
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Cng ca BTS l: PBT = PMT - LMF + GM - LP - GD + GB + LBF (2) Ly (1)-(2) ta thu c: PBT - LC - LBF + GB - LP + GB - LMF = PMT + GM - LP + GD LBF
Cng thc cn bng c th c vit li:
PBT = PMT + GD + LC
Nu cng sut pht ca BTS u ln trn cng sut pht ca MS 1 gia tr ng bng tng ca khuch i phn tp Angten BTS v suy hao truyn qua cp. Lu cn bng:
MOBILE [dBm] Cng sut Pht Khuch i Angten
Suy hao ng truyn
BTS [dBm] Cng sut Pht
Suy hao Cng sut thu feeder Khuch i phn tp Angten Cng sut thu
Khuch i Angten
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Tuy nhin trong thc t cng sut thu ca BTS v MS khc nhau do cng sut cn bng trn c th vit li:
PBT = MT + GD + LC + PMR - PBR V d tnh cng sut cho BTS vi cc thng s sau: PBR = - 104 dBm PMR = -102 dBm LC = 3 dB T = 2 W = 33 dB GD = 3 dB PBT = 33 + 3 + 3 +(-102) - (-104) = 41 dBm = 12,6 W
Bng cng sut thu pht:

2W INDOOR Rx nhy thu Suy hao cp ln Gix G phn tp P bc x Mp mt trong ca Mp pha inh log Mp pha inh nhiu Tng mt mp V dBm dB dBi dBm dB dB dB dB dB BTS -104 2,2 11 3 -115,8 15 5 3 23 MS -102 0 3 * -99 15 5 3 23 2W INCAR BTS -104 2,2 11 3 -115,8 7 5 3 15 MS -102 0 3 * -99 7 5 3 15 2W OUTDOOR DTS -104 2,2 11 3 -115,8 0 5 3 8 MS -102 0 0 * -99 0 5 3 8
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Ptall Angten Tx P v Tx P v Tx L comb vic + feedz L cab + connector P max ti Angten G angten Tx ETRP L ng truyn bc x
dB V W dBm dB dB dBm dBi dBm dB
-92,8 BTS 12,6 41 3 2,2 39,8 11 46,8 122,8
-76 MS 2,6 33 0 0 * 3 36 122,8
-100,8 BTS 12,6 41 3 2,2 39,8 11 46,8 122,8
-84 MS 12,6 33 0 0 * 3 30 122,8
-102,8 BTS 12,6 41 3 2,2 35,8 11 46,8 122,8
-94 MS 12,6 33 0 0 * 3 30 122,8
2.2.7 Cc thng s h thng: * Cc thng s Cell:

Mt Cell c rt nhiu thng s. Ngoi cc thng s c vai tr m t Cell v knh Cell nh: + Tn Ms ch ca Cell + Tn BSC ch ca Cell + Nhn dng Cell ton cu c gi n MS + M nhn dng trm gc BSIC : gm 2 phn * Thng s v m mu PLMN (NCC) * Thng s v m mu BTSC (BCC) + Cng sut sng mang BCCH ti tng khuch i cng sut (PA) - PSCWRB + Cng sut sng mng khc ti tng khuch i cng sut (PA) - BSPWRT + S knh BCCH : BCCH - No + S knh SDCCH : SDCCH - No + Cc knh TCH : TCH - No Cc thng s iu kin dch v, iu kin chuyn giao, iu kin truy nhp.
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* Cc thng s iu kin truy nhp BCCH: Ph thuc vo lu lng ca cc Cell c th cn thit thay i c tnh cc knh BCCH, CCCH tng s kenh tm gi hoc khi gi ln tin cho php thm nhp ti MS. Mi knh CCH trong knh vt l thc hin mng thng tin tm gi o mt nhm MS MODE trng, Mode ny gi l Mode tm gi. Mt a khung BCCH/CCCH 51 khung c di 9 li CCCH khc nhau, mt khi dng gi cc bn tin tm gi cho mt nhm MS. iu ny cho php trong Mode trng ch nghe thng tin tm gi trn cc khi CCCH ca mnh v s tit kim c nng lng quy. Thng thng MS nghe BCCH mi khong 30s. CCCH c th biu hin bng 3 thng s iu kin di y: BS - AG - Block - REB l thng s quy nh ca khi dnh ring cho AGCH trong a khung 31 khung. Khi phi hp cc knh vt l khc nhau vi mt s khi dnh cho PCH s gim xung. Tuy nhin cc khi ny dng cho PCH c th dng cho AGCH nhng cc khi dng cho AGCH khng th dng cho PCH, nn BS - AG - Block - RES thng c t v tr thp nht.. Khi s ton tin cho php thm nhp tng hn mc bnh thng th cn t ring s khi cho AGCH mng nhanh chng gi bn tin cho php thm nhp. BS - PA - MFRMS: Ch ra bao nhiu nhm tm gi c th tm li trong mt s a khung nht nh (t 29khung) mi a khung c 51 khung c 9 khi CCCH iu ny c ngha l c th tr t 18 n 81 bn knh tm gi khac nhau. Cell - BAR - Access l mt c t trong mt Cell khi thng s ny c t th MS khng th thm nhp Cell, nhng yu cu cuc gi khng c chp nhn, cc cuc gi ang tn ti b bc b. C ny c t thi gian ph thuc vo cuc gi cui cng khi b tc nghn. Khi mt Cell b BAR s c gng nhn mt ng n cc Cell ln cn. Mt MS cng c th b BAR
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cho mt s nhm thm nhp nht nh. Cn phi ch rng khng c qu nhiu Cell ca mng b BAR cng mt thi gian m bo thu bao c th thm nhp sang Cell khc d rng. * Cc thng s nh lng: Cc thng s v cht lng TA (Tuning Advance) + QLIMDL : l thng s xc nh gi tr cht lng gii hn trn ng xung quyt nhchuyn giao. + QLIMUL : l thng s xc nh cht lng gii hn trn ng ln quyt nh chuyn giao. + TALIM : l gi tr thi gian c ln nht m MS c th s dngtrong Cell. Khi ln hn gi tr ny yu cu chuyn giao c quyt nh. Gi tr ca n t 0 n 63. Nu TALIM t =63 th s khng bao gi ngt ng ni ca Cell v TALIM qu ln, TALIM c th c dng iu chnh kch thc ca trong trng hp s thay i cc thng s ddinh v chun cho vic lu chon tr nn kh khn. t TALIM = 63 tng ng vi bn knh ca Cell l 35 Km. Mi thng s trn l mt trong cc thng s quyt nh chuyn giao s thay i ca chng c th lin quan n kh nng chuyn giao chuyn giao xu hay tt. - Cc thng s pht: Khi chuyn giao n mt Cell tht bi hoc khi mt Cell b b ni do mt nguyn nhn cnh bo (Cht lng km khi TALIM qu ln ), mt gi tr pht c t cho Cell ngay lp tc. Gi tr pht tng ng vi s dB nht nh m sau mnh tn hiu s b tr i gi tr . Cc thng s dng pht nh sau: + PSSHF l pht cng tn hiu p t cho mt Cell m chuyn giao ti va b tht bi. + PSSPQ l thng s pht cng tn hiu p t cho mt Cell b ngt v tn hiu qu ln.
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+ PSSTA l thng s pht cng tn hiu cho mt Cell v tn hiu TA qu cao. 3 thng s trn y ly gi tr t 0 n 63 dB. Cc gi tr pht ch c gi tr trong mt thi gian, sau s b loi b. Cc gi tr thi gian c nh ngha v t bi cc nh khai thc: + PTIMHF l khong thi gian pht cho PSSHF + PTIMBQ l khong thi gian pht cho PSSBQ + PTIMTA l khong thi gian pht cho PSSTA 3 thng s ny c th ly gi tr t 0 n 60 QS Cc thng s lu chn Cell: + BSPWR : l cng sut truyn trn cc tn s BCCH c th ly gi tr t 0 n 80 dBm. + BSTXPWR l cng sut truyn trn cc sng mang khng phi l BCCH c khong gi tr nh BSPWR + MSTXPWR l cng sut pht ln nht ca MS c s dng trong qu trnh ni thng. + BSRXMIN l cng sut tn hiu thu nh nht BTS xem st Cell ny nh mt ng c vin c th chuyn giao. N c th t gi tr t -120dBm 0dBm. + MSRXMIN l cng sut tn hiu thu nh nht MS quyt nh ny nh mt ng c vin c th chuyn giao. N cng t gi tr nh BSPRSMIN. + BSRXSUEF l gi tr tn hiu yu cu va thu c BTS t MS xem xt Cell nay c xp xp theo phn bc suy hao ng truynf . N c gi tr -150dBm 0dBm. + MSRXSUEF l gi tr cng tn hiuyu cu va thu c MS t BTS xem xt Cell ny c th sp xp theo yu cu phn bc suy hao ng truyn. + K - hyst - abs : gi tr tr c nh ngha chung cho tt c cc vng mt BSC cng tn hiu cc ln c g tr ln hn ch khi ch t ti gi tr s c tr i gi tr ny.
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MIN SUF F BTS

Vng gii hn bi C/I Vng gii hn bi C/N
Nu ta xt mt BTS ln cn l coi rng a hnh hon ton bng phng th cc gi tr ti thiu v va BTS ny xc nh hai vng trn tm l BTS. Vng gia hai vng trn b gii hn bi C/I. Thng % tr l mt gi tr c o bng dB m cng tn hiu ln cn c gim chnh chuyn giao Peng-Pong (khng n nh). Khi nim ny c o l tng thm yu cu cng tn hiu ln cn.
Cng trng
Gi tr tr
73 BTS1
BTS2
+ Cng tn hiu ( hiu chnh bng gi tr tr) ln hn mc s c phn cc theo suy hao ng truyn ti thiu. + Cng tn hiu ( hiu chnh bng gi tr tr) nh hn mc s c phn bc ca cng cng tn hiu. Ta xt v d sau:
BTS A
BTS B
Nu MS : Vng 1: C 2 m bo cng tn hiu ln hn mc do c hai c phn bc theo suy hao ng truyn. Vng 2: A m bo cng ss tn hiu ln hn mc v n c phn bc theo suy hao ng truyn, cn B cng tn hiu thp hn mc v c phn bc theo tn hiu. Vng 3,4: C hai phn bc theo tiu chun cng tn hiu. Cc thng s tnh ton chuyn giao:
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Ngoi cc thng s xc nh chuyn giao nh cc ngng k trn, khi chuyn giao BSC cn phi cn c vo nhn t h thng, u tin chuyn giao, cc yu t v ti BSC. HO Mogan l thng s c nh ngha nh gi tr tr cho chuyn giao gia hai Cell. Tc dng phc v khi tnh ton gi tr quyt nh chuyn giao. Bi v chuyn giao trong trng hp khng thnh cng s gy nh hng ti h thng v cht lng h thng. Nu coi Cell phc v v Cell ln cn nh nhau th vic chuyn giao sang mt Cell mi khng c nhiu tc ng so vi cc hn ch do chuyn giao gy ra. Tnh ton chuyn giao s ch ra tt nht trng cc Cell ng c chuyn giao. Nu chn HO - alogin thch hp s cho php chuyn giao gia hai Cell c tt, trnh c chuyn giao qua li v khi qua bin gii gia 2 Cell trnh c s chuyn giao tht bi. Link - factor - Nhn t ng ni: Thng s ny cho php kh nng u tin khi xt chuyn giao cc Cell cng BSC, cng MSC. Nu cc Cell cng ni th nn chon Link-factor = 0 nu khc BSC th nn t n nh hn 0, nu MSC th c th t nh hn na. Load factor - Nhn t ti: L mc ti ca BSC phn theo gi tr t -16 n 0 Free factor - Nhn t ri : L mc ri ca BTS phn theo gi tr t 16 n 0. Th tc chuyn giao c quyt nh bi BSC theo nh k hoc do cc gi tr ngng v mnh tins hiu thu hay cht lng tn hiu c ng ln v ng xung, nu TA>TALIM. Thut ton sau y s cho php tm ra mt Cell tt hn chuyn giao: Tnh ton cc gi tr v cng sut v cp ca Cell ln cn PDGT (Power Bydqet T) v GRADE. PDGT (adj)=MSTXPWRMAX(sez)-AVTXPWR-PDGT(sez) MSTXPWRMAX(adj)+AXRLEL(adj)-
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BSTXPWRMAX(sez)+BSTPWR(sez).
adj: gi tr cho cc Cell ln cn. sez: gi tr cho Cell phc v. MSTXPWRMAX: Cng sut ln nht MS s dng. AVTXPWR: Cng sut pht trung bnh MS AVRXLEL: Mc thu trung bnh MS BSTXPWRMAX: Cng sut pht ln nht BTS BSTXPWR: Cng sut pht BTS Tnh ton GRADE cho Cell ln cn: GRADE(adj)=MAX (PBGT(adj)-60+Link factor+Lad factor(adj)-Load
abc(sez)+Free factor(adj)-Free factor(sez) BSC c trch nhim tnh ton tt c cc gi tr n khi nhn c kt qu do, cc iu kin sau c kim nghim (2 iu kin) cho nu Cell ln cn cho ng c vin chuyn giao . ADVXLEL(adj) + MAX(0, MSTXPWRMAX) (adj) - P) PBG (adj) > Ho Mazgin P : cng sut ra ln nht ca MS. 2-3-4: Cc thng s o c v s l ti BTS v BSC: cho qu trnh chon la v chuyn giao c tt th MS lun lun o c cc s liu v ng truyn . S hiu naydf c gi BSC so snh v sp xp. Ngoi cc thng s BSIC, nhn dng knh, thi gian loi knh, s TS. Cc s sau c a v BSC. BSPWR: Cng sut pht ca BTS ti thi im o
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MSPWR: Cng sut pht ca MS ti thi im o DTXDL: Ch ra cho php s dng truyn dn gin on trn ng xung khng. DTXUL: Ch ra cho php s dng truyn dn gin on trn ng ln khng. RXLEVDL: Cha tn hiu thu trn ng ln o ti MS ti thi im o cho Cell ln cn v Cell phc v. RXLEVUL: Mc cht lng tn hiu thu trn ng xung ti MS ti thi im o cho Cell ln cn v Cell phc v. RXQUALUL: Mc cht lng tn hiu thu trn ng ln ti MS ti thi im o cho Cell ln cn.
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Quy hoch gii php ca ERICSON

1- H thng 2 - H thng tip gip 3-Nhu cu v vng ph sng 4-D liu v a hnh
5- S chun quy hoch 6-D on vng ph sng bng my tnh
No Yes
Tm tn s mi kim tra
ph sng OK?
Yes No
7-Quy hoch tn s D on thi 9-Kim tra BTS
D on C/I phn tn bng my tnh gian

C/(A+I+R)
OK? 10-Kim tra vng ph v C/I
No Yes
C/I OK?
BTS OK?
No Vng ph v C/I
OK?
Yes
11-Cng c v khi dng h thng
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quy hoch mng thng tin di ng Phn III. Phng php tnh ton quy hoch mng CHNG III. Phng n tnh ton ti u ho mng truyn dn
T cu trc tng th truyn dn mngGSM ( MSC/ BSC/ BTS ) ta c th phn tnh ti u ho mng truyn dn thnh : Tnh ton ti u cc cng on truyn dn GSM Tnh ton ti u mng truyn dn v tuyn . I. Phng n tnh ton ti u ho mng truyn dn GSM . Phn BSS bao gm 3 phn chnh : Thit b trm gc thu pht ( BTS ), cung cp chc nng thu pht v tuyn cho mt (Cell ) Thit b iu khin trm gc thu pht ( BSC ), hot dng nh l b iu khin ca BSS Thit b chuyn i m truyn dn ( TC ), cung cp thch ng tc truyn dn. Cc thit b nu trn c kt ni vi nhau bi h thng truyn dn (TSS), cung cp lp vt l v lp kt ni d liu cho giao tip ni b. TSS bao gm : Thit b giao tip trm gc thu pht ( BIE ), cung cp giao tip Abis. Thit b ghp knh ( SM ), cung cp cc chc nng trn cc giao tip trn cc Abis v Ater. Thit b truyn dn ( TM ), cung cp kt ni vt l truyn tn hiu trn ng PCM 2 Mbit/s. BSC, BTS v TC c kt ni theo cc cch khc nhau tu thuc vo BTS t chung vi BSC hoc t ring , TC t chung vi BSC hay MSC.
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Ti cung on truyn dn BSC- BTS thit b truyn dn BIE ng vai tr quan trng do chc nng BIE c m t k phn ny . 1) Tng quan thit b BIE Thit b giao tip trm gc thu pht BIE l mt m dun ca thit b truyn dn trong phn h v tuyn BSS. Mc ch ca BIE l c ni vi trm BTS xa ti BSC mt cch linh hot , trong sut v s dng hiu qu cc thit b truyn dn . Cu trc truyn dn BSS da trn phn cp truyn s 2048 kbit/s v 64 kbit/s . BIE ng vai tr l b ghp gia giao tip BS v giao tip mng truyn dn G703/704. ( Giao tip Abis ) 2) Giao tip BS . Trong trng hp BSC v BTS t gn nhau giao tip trm gc ( BS ) c s dng . Giao tip BS l giao tip bn trong c thc hin bi chun V.11.
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Hnh: Cu trc khung giao tip BS Bit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TS Not used all TCH0 ones
TCH1 TCH2 TCH3 TCH4 TCH5 TCH6 TCH7
Bit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TS Not used all TCH0 ones

TCH1 TCH2 TCH3 TCH4 TCH5 TCH6 TCH7 TCH8 TCH9 TCH1 0 TCH1 1 TCH1 2 TCH1 3 TCH1 4 TCH1
Frame unit Not used all signalling Not ones used all Not ones used all Not ones used all Not ones used all Not ones used all Not ones used all Not ones used all Not ones used all Not ones used all LAP D ones Q1 All ONE spare all ones BTS O&M A) full rate 81
Frame unit Not used all signalling Not ones used all Not ones used all Not ones used all Not ones used all Not ones used all Not ones used all Not ones used all Not ones used all Not ones used all LAP D ones Q1 All ONE spare all ones BTS O&M B) half rate
Nu BIE c s dng tng khong cch gia BSC v BTS th giao tip BS s tn ti gia: BTS v BIE. BSC v BIE.
V lc tn hiu giao tip l: ng h 4096 kHz. Tn hiu ng b khung 8 kHz. D liu hng pht. D liu hng thu.
3. Giao tip ABIS Giao tip ca BIE c hnh thnh trn c s giao tip G703/G704 c gi l giao tip Abis. Vic tch ghp knh ph thuc vo tng loi BIE, nhng c mt s loi ghp knh c bn: Ghp knh thoi m ho (hay cn gi l cc khung TRAU) da trn tng
cm 2 bit. Bn cnh cch khung TRAU, mt knh bo hiu trn mt n v khung cn mt
knh 64 kb/s. BTS. Mt s knh cn thit cho O&M ca BIE. Mt octet cng c s dng cho mc ch khai thc bo dng O&M ca
4. Chc nng ca BIE BIE c cc chc nng chnh nh sau:
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Thit b ghp knh gia giao tip BS v giao tip Bbis (giao tip truyn dn
mng G703/G704). Tch ghp cc knh thoi, bo hiu, O&M ca BSS gia giao tip BS v giao tip 2048 kb/s Abis. knh). 5. Cu hnh s dng BIU2M a. Tng qut Cho php xy cc ng truyn dn tc cao nhng ni cn thit. C kh nng to tn hiu ng b cho BTS. nh tuyn LapD gia BSC v TSC (b iu khin chuyn i m v tch ghp
n v giao tip trm gc 2Mb/s (BIU2M) l mt modul ca BIE. Mc ch ca BIU2M l ni trm BTS xa vi BSC v cng tit kim cc ng truyn dn 2Mb/s. Hnh v m t vic sp xp cc knh traffic full rate v half rate trn ng truyn dn 2Mb/s. Vi thit b BIU2M, cho php n nh cc i 96 knh half rate trn mt ng 2 Mb/s hoc 80 knh full rate trn ng 2Mb/s. Tc bit ca knh thoi trn ng Abis l 16 Kb/s cho c half rate v full rate. Trong trng hp full rate mi n v khung FU c 7 knh 8 knh. Knh SDCCH cng chim mt khe 16 Kb/s trn mt n v khung (FU). Hnh v m t nguyn l s dng BIU2M gia BTS v BSC. Giao tip gia BSC, BTS vi BIU2M c gi l giao tip BS. Ti pha BTS n giao tip vi cc n v khung (FU) hoc n v khai thc v bo dng (OMU). Ti pha BSC n giao tip vi TCUA (n v iu khin thit b u cui A).
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BSC c th c cu hnh to ra cc u mi redundancy 2Mb/s gia cc trm BTS v BSC. Hnh v m t vic s dng BIU2M c d phng gia BSC v BTS.
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Bit TS 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TS 0 INFO 1 TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3 2 TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7 3 TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3 4 TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7 5 TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3 6 TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7 7 TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3 8 TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7 9 TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3 10 TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7 11 TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3 12 TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7 13 TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3 14 TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7 15 TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3 16 TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7 17 TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3 18 TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7 19 20 21 NOT ALLOCATED NOT ALLOCATED
Bit TS Frame Unit No.1 Frame Unit No.2 Frame Unit No.3 Frame Unit No.4 Frame Unit No.5 Frame Unit No.6 Frame Unit No.7 Frame Unit No.8 Frame Unit No.9 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TS 0 INFO Frame Unit No.1 1 TCH 0 TCH 1 TCH 2 TCH 3 2 TCH 4 TCH 5 TCH 6 TCH 7 3 TCH 8 TCH 9 TCH1 TCH1 0 1 4 TCH1 TCH1 TCH1 TCH1 2 3 4 5 5 TCH 0 TCH1 TCH2 TCH3 6 TCH4 TCH5 TCH6 TCH7 7 TCH8 TCH9 TCH1 TCH1 0 1 8 TCH1 TCH1 TCH1 TCH1 2 3 4 5 9 TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 TCH3 10 TCH4 TCH5 TCH6 TCH7 11 TCH8 TCH9 TCH1 TCH1 0 1 12 TCH1 TCH1 TCH1 TCH1 2 3 4 5 13 TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 TCH3 14 TCH4 TCH5 TCH6 TCH7 15 TCH8 TCH9 TCH1 TCH1 0 1 16 TCH1 TCH1 TCH1 TCH1 2 3 4 5 17 TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 TCH3 18 TCH4 TCH5 TCH6 TCH7 19 TCH8 TCH9 TCH1 TCH1 0 1 20 TCH1 TCH1 TCH1 TCH1 4 5 21 2 NOT 3 ALLOCATED 22 23 NOT ALLOCATED BTS O&M CHANNEL 2 24 FRAME UNIT 7 SIGNALLING 25 FRAME UNIT 6 SIGNALLING 26 FRAME UNIT 5 SIGNALLING 27 FRAME UNIT 4 SIGNALLING 28 FRAME UNIT 3 SIGNALLING 29 FRAME UNIT 2 SIGNALLING 30 FRAME UNIT 1 SIGNALLING 31 BTS O&M CHANNEL 1 b) Half rate
Frame Unit No.2
Frame Unit No.3 Frame Unit No.4
Frame Unit No.5
BTS O&M CHANNEL 2 22 FRAME UNIT 9 SIGNALLING 23 FRAME UNIT 8 SIGNALLING 24 FRAME UNIT 7 SIGNALLING 25 FRAME UNIT 6 SIGNALLING 26 FRAME UNIT 5 SIGNALLING 27 FRAME UNIT 4 SIGNALLING 28 FRAME UNIT 3 SIGNALLING 29 FRAME UNIT 2 SIGNALLING 30 FRAME UNIT 1 SIGNALLING 31 BTS O&M CHANNEL 1 a) Full rate
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BS Interface BIU2M SMBS SMH W

2M HIGHWAY 40 to 80 traffic channels
FU FU BT FU S FU FU FU OMU A OMU A
BIU2M SMH SMBS W
CM C 0 TCUA TCUA BSC TCUA 8
8 Q1 Priter VDU LATD
TSC OETM
Hnh 2.4: Nguyn l s dng ca BIU2M
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FU BT S FU FU
CMU CMU
BIU2M 1 2M SMBS SMHW Highway SMHW SMBS HW No.1
BIU2M 1
DMC TCUA BS C TCUA
BIU2M 3 2M SMBS SMHW Highway SMHW SMBS HW No.3
BIU2M 3
BIU2M RED
BIU2M RED
2M SMBS SMHW Highway SMHW SMBS HW RED SMBS Q.1 Printer CL LATD
TSC O&M
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b. M t chc nng b.1. Cc chc nng c bn
BIU2M ghp cc knh thoi, bo hiu, cc knh O&M ca giao tip BS ln ng 2Mb/s. N c 2 giao tip G703 (giao tip Abis) v cc i 2x8 giao tip BS vi BTS hoc BSC (hoc 3x8 trong cu hnh BIU2M c d phng). Trn giao tip Abis ca BIU2M, cc knh c truyn trong cc khung G704. Khe thi gian 0 c s dng nh quy nh trong khuyn ngh G704. Knh O&M cho BIE cng c truyn trn khe thi gian 0. 31 TS cn li c s dng cho thoi bo hiu v cc knh O&M ca OMU. Hnh 2.7 m t chun s dng cc khe thi gian. S cc i cc knh traffic dnh cho Half rate l 96 knh (mt knh O&M) hoc 80 knh (ba knh O&M). Th t sp xp cc TS c lu gi trong EEPROM, th t ny c th c thay i thng qua giao tip Q1 O&M. Vic thay i th t khe thi gian ny s lm gin on lin lc. Cc knh bo hiu chnh chim khe thi gian 17. Khe thi gian 18 l knh d phng, n c th s dng cho bo hiu FU trong trng hp cc knh traffic t 2 FU c ni n mt TCUA. Cc knh O&M c ni vi TS31. Khe thi gian 28 c th c s dng lm knh O&M loi LapD gia TSC v BSC. Knh O&M loi Q1 c th c truyn trn 4 bit u ca TS29.
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1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 8 c h a n n e l s
4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 Not in use (all binary 1) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 FU SIG 17 18 19 20 Not in use 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TS0 info FU1 TCH (8) 0 1 2 3 4 FU2 TCH (8) 5 6 7 8 FU3 TCH (8) 9 10 11 12 FU4 TCH (8) 13 14 15 16 FU5 TCH (8) 17 18 19 20 FU6 TCH (8) 21 22 23 24 FU6SIG FU5SIG FU4SIG FU3SIG 25 26 27 28
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TS0 info
FU1 TCH (8)
FU2 TCH (8)
FU3 TCH (8)
FU4 TCH (8)
FU5 TCH (8)
(all binary 1)
FU6 TCH (8)
FU6SIG FU5SIG FU4SIG FU3SIG
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29 30 31
LAPD/TSC Q.1 1 1 1 1 1 1 OETM
29 30 31
FU2SIG FU1SIG OET M
29 30 31
FU2SIG FU1SIG OET M
Hnh2.7. Chun s dng cc khe thi gian giao tip Abis b.2. Cc chc nng O&M Thit b BIU2M (trn card giao tip Abis) c mt vi x l lm nhim v iu khin v gim st thit b v gim st lung (cu hnh, ng b khung, kim tra m vng...). BIU2M tch cc knh Q1 t pha giao tip Abis v giao tip BS. B iu khin chuyn i m v ghp knh lin tc qut cc thit b BIU2M s dng giao tip trong Q1 hoc thng qua cc knh O&M Q1 kim tra cc s thay i cnh bo, v khi c cnh bo xy ra cc bin php x l li s c quyt nh. Cc thng tin ny c truyn ti BSC. Vic thit lp v iu khin c thc hin bng cch s dng cc thit b u cui ni ti bus dch v (giao tip Q1). 6. Cu hnh s dng BIUMD a. Tng qut
BIUMD l mt modul ca BIE, n cho php nh khai thc dch v di ng kh nng thit k truyn dn n cc trm BTS theo cu hnh ring hoc lultidrop. BIUMD cho php tch cc knh cho mt trm v truyn tip cc knh cn li cho cc trm khc trn giao tip Abis. BIUMD c lp li ti tt c cc trm BTS dc theo cu hnh ring hoc multidrop nh theo hnh v 2.8.
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BTS
BS
BTS
BS
2
BS
1
BS
BTS
2M WITH BIUMD
BIUMD
BSC
4
BS
5
BS
BTS
BTS
Hnh 2.8: Cu hnh multidrop
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II.Phng n tnh ton ti u ho mng truyn dn vi ba C hai loi truyn dn gia BSC v cc trm gc thu pht BTS: - Thu knh truyn dn: dng kt ni t BSC ti cc trm ph sng ti cc Tnh. - S dng thit b Viba: thng thng kt ni BSC ti cc trm BTS trong thnh ph c s lng ln cc trm BTS. Trong mc ny chng ta i su v tnh ton ti u ho mng truyn dn Viba. tnh ton ti u ho mng truyn dn Viba cn thit phi gm cc bc sau: - Lp k hoch mng. - Lp k hoch tuyn. - S dng cc phn mm thit k ti u ho mng. 1. 1.1. Lp k hoch mng truyn dn Viba M t
Mc ch ca chng ny cung cp m t ngn gn: - Vic lp k hoch mng truyn dn v tuyn. - Cc thnh phn chnh ca lp k hoch mng. - C ch lan truyn sng v tuyn lin quan n vic lp k hoch mng. - Cc thnh phn chnh v cc i tng ca vic lp k hoch v thit k. Lp k hoch mng l qui trnh bao gm 4 bc chnh: Lp k hoch, kho st, thit k lp t v o kim tra. - Lp k hoch: Hng chung ca cc bc lp k hoch bao gm: dung lng knh, phn b tn s, cht lng truyn tin v la chn cc thnh phn v tuyn hp l. - Kho st: lin quan n bc u tin ca thit k. Bao gm 2 hot ng: kho st bn v kho st thc t. - Thit k: Thit k l bc lin quan n mng thc t. Tt c cc yu cu kh nng v cht lng cn phi c p ng vi thit b ang c.
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t c kt qu cui cng cc cng vic tnh ton ng lan truyn v nhiu cn thit phi c thc hin. Bc ny bao gm quyt nh cui cng v nhng chun b cho cng vic lp t phn cng. - o kim tra: y l bc cui cng. Sau y l tm tt bn cht sng Viba v s lan truyn sng trong khng gian cn c truy xt trong vic lp k hoch mng Viba. 1.2. 1.2.1. = c/f trong : c: vn tc lan truyn sng in t trong chn khng = 3.108 m/s. f: tn s (Hz). : bc sng (m). Nu tnh tn s theo MHz: = 300/f. 1.2.2. Tnh cht lan truyn sng Lan truyn sng v tuyn nh hng bi nhiu yu t: 1. nh hng tn s: nh hng quan trng n lan truyn sng ch yu ph thuc vo gii tn. Tn s Viba nh hng nhiu do yu t a hnh v kh hu. Tuy nhin i vi tn s trn 6 GHz nh hng ca hp th kh v ht ma cn c tnh n. Ti tn s trn 10 GHz nh hng ln do ma v trn 23 GHz nh hng ln do hp th kh. 2. nh hng ca a hnh: Nu sng v tuyn lan truyn gn mt t, tnh cht ca n b chi phi bi tnh cht in t trng tri t v bi mt ct a hnh, k c cy ci v nh ca. 3. nh hng tng i lu: Cc phn t kh ca kh quyn nh hng ti s lan truyn sng v tuyn bi hp th nng lng v s khng ng nht h s khc x. S Lan truyn sng V tuyn Quan h gia bc sng v tn s
Bc sng v tn s sng in t quan h theo cng thc sau:
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khng ng nht h s khc x gy nn phn x v tn x. ln ca nh hng ph thuc vo tn s. 4. nh hng phading nhiu tia hoc phading Rayleigh: Tn hiu thu to nn bi nhiu thnh phn n antenna theo nhiu hng khc nhau. Cc thnh phn c th pha v bin khc nhau, quan h hai chiu c th thay i theo thi gian, nh hng nhiu tia l kt qu ca phn x bi nh ca, b mt tri t, gia cc tng i lu. Hiu ng nhiu tia qua phn x tng ng vi phading nhanh, c th lm gim cht lng tuyn nghim trng. Tm li: Tt c 4 yu t tc ng ti ng truyn, qua quyt nh kch thc tuyn. 1.2.3. C cu lan truyn Ph thuc iu kin kh hu v a hnh, sng v tuyn c th lan truyn trn cc ng khc nhau, c th sinh ra suy gim. iu quan trng trong thit k v tuyn l phi nh gi c suy gim ca tn hiu pht gia my pht v my thu. nh gi suy gim tn hiu pht gia my pht v my thu, iu quan trng l phn loi c ch lan truyn theo: - Lan truyn trong khng gian t do. - Khc x. - Nhiu x. - Phn x v tn x. - Hp th. 1.2.4. Suy hao ng truyn trong khng gian t do Lan truyn trong khng gian t do ngha l sng in t lan truyn trong mi trng ng nht. Suy hao ng truyn trong khng gian t do c xem l suy hao thp nht gia mt b pht v mt b thu. Thng thng suy hao gy nn bi cc c ch lan truyn khc c suy xt k hn.
94
V c bn tnh ton suy hao ng truyn trong khng gian t do theo ngun ng hng ti 2 trm. Nu ngun ng hng c thay th bi dipol 1/2 bc sng hoc cc antenna khc c tng tch, tnh ton s c iu chnh theo tng tch. 1.2.5. Khc x Khc x qua kh quyn xy ra do sng v tuyn truyn lan vi tc khc nhau trn cc khi khc nhau ca mi trng vi tnh cht in trng khc nhau. Sng v tuyn truyn lan chm trong kh quyn vi hng s in mi cao hn so vi hng s in mi trong khng gian t do. Hng s in mi ph thuc p lc nhit v mt kh ca khng kh. Thng thng gi tr ny gim khi cao tng. Do sng in t truyn lan trong mi trng c hng s in mi thp nhanh hn trong mi trng c hng s in mi cao, phn trn ca mt sng c xu hng truyn lan nhanh hn phn di, gy nn s cong xung ca bp sng. Trong kh quyn ng nht theo mt phng, thay i theo chiu thng ng ca cc thng s kh quyn (h s in mi) tuyn tnh. iu ny gy nn s un cong bp sng lin tc, bp sng b un cong tuyn tnh t lp khng kh mng sang lp khng kh dy, theo cong b mt qu t. C mt s lin h gia bn knh cong bp sng v bn knh qu t. Bn knh cong bp sng thng c gi l bn knh hu hiu ca mt t. chnh l quan h gia h s bn knh hu hiu mt t (k) v h s khc x kh quyn. iu c ngha h s knh tnh ton cho s chch hng ca ng thng ni 2 im ring bit trong kh quyn. Nu kh quyn c th c m t bi h s k, bp sng gia 2 im no c th c biu hin l ng thng. Nh nu trn, s cong ca bp sng tng quan vi h s khc x ca kh quyn hay cn gi l khc x N. khc x ph thuc vo p lc, nhit v mt kh quyn. S thay i theo cao trong kh quyn c gi l bin thin ca khc x v lin quan ti bn knh mt t.
95
Trong thc t, bin thin trung bnh trn km th nht so vi mt t khong 40N n v/km, dn n h s mt t khong 4/3 = 1,333 v bn knh hu hiu qu t khong 8500km. bin thin h s khc x m c ngha khc x gim theo cao kh quyn. Tp hp hiu ng khc x v nhiu x gy nn suy hao vt chn. 1.2.6. Nhiu x Nhiu x c th xut hin v lm tng suy hao ng truyn nu kch thc ca vt chn gia my pht v my thu ln so vi bc sng v tuyn, nh hng nhiu x nhanh v mnh hn vi s tng ca vt chn i vi tn s trn 1000 MHz. Nhiu x c th lm cho tuyn khng th thc hin c. Suy hao truyn dn do vt chn ph thuc vo tnh cht nhiu ca vt chn v vo khu vc ca bp sng b chn so vi ton b khu vc ca mt trc sng. Do cn thit phi cung cp khong trong sng ng truyn cho vic ngn chn suy hao ng truyn. Suy hao ng truyn trn a hnh phc tp l hm s phc tp ca tn s, qung ng, mt cy ci. 1.2.7. Phn x v tn x Khi sng in t gp b mt n c th b phn x. Sng phn x phu thuc vo tn s, gc ti v tnh cht in ca b mt. Nng lng c th c pht i hoc hp th bi b mt, v sng b phn x theo hng mi. Ti antenna thu xut hin hai thnh phn: tia trc tip v tia phn x. Tn hiu ti u thu i vi gi tr bt k ca h s phn x s dao ng v i qua gi tr cc i, cc tiu. Bin dao ng ph thuc cc tham s quyt nh s khc pha: cao antenna, di tuyn, h s bn knh hiu dng qu t v tn s. 1.2.8. S hp th
96
Ti tn s trn 10 GHz, s lan truyn sng v tuyn qua kh quyn qu t chu nh hng bi s hp thu nng lng in t bi kh nc v cc xit. Suy hao hp th ca cc xit ln i vi tn s 50 70 GHz. Suy hao hp th ca kh nc ln nht i vi tn s khong 23 GHz. 1.2.9. Suy hao do ma Tn x v hp th ca sng v tuyn bi ht ma gy nn suy hao. Trn thc t suy hao do ma quan trng nht i vi tn s trn 10 GHz. i vi mt ln (30 mm/h) v tn s cao (20 GHz) phn cc ngang c th b suy hao ln hn phn cc ng khong 0,5 dB/km. 1.2.10. Phading Nhiu nh hng c th gy ra suy hao tn hiu mc d trm ca ng truyn v tuyn vn nm trong tm nhn thng. Nu tm nhn thng ca h thng gn b mt qu t vi nhng vt chn rng hoc nh ni suy hao vt chn rt ln mc d trong tm nhn thng. Nu c nhng thay i h s bn knh qu t do khc x, tuyn truyn dn kh trnh phading nhiu x/khc x. Khi tuyn tm nhn thng xa b mt tri t suy hao nhiu x s t, th nhng vn xut hin phading do giao thoa gia tia trc tip v tia gin tip. Hiu ng nhiu tia c th lm tng phading nhanh. S quan trng ca phading do ma v do hiu ng nhiu tia ph thuc vo tn s, kh hu v di tuyn. Ni chung nhiu tia l nh hng chnh i vi tn s di 10 GHz v ma ln nh hng chnh ti tn s trn 10 GHz. 2. Lp k hoch tuyn Mt s vn cn c thc hin cung cp d liu u vo cho chng trnh thit k tuyn trc khi mng Viba c lp t. D liu c to nn t cc yu t nh a hnh, kh hu, d liu thit b v cu hnh trm.
97
Lp k hoch tn s l mt yu t quan trng khi lp k hoch mng Viba. Nhng yu cu thit k 1 tuyn Viba: mt ct a hnh, tm nhn thng, tn hiu u vo... 2.1. Thit k ban u Lp k hoch 1 tuyn truyn dn Viba lun lun bt u bng kho st mng v chc nng mng m tuyn mi phi cung cp. Da trn c s ny ngi thit k c hiu bit quyt nh tiu chun no cn c cung cp trong lc quyt nh kch thc tuyn theo yu cu. Lp k hoch mng ni chung da trn yu cu khai thc ca mng. iu c th c m t nh sau: - Cht lng truyn dn. - Kh nng ca truyn dn. - Yu cu v dung lng truyn dn. nh hng ca nhng yu cu ny trong qu trnh to kch thc tuyn Viba ph thuc vo cu hnh v kch thc mng. Mi tuyn trong mng phi c kh nng v cht lng gi s kt ni nguyn vn trong s gii hn ca tiu chun thit k. 2.2. Tm nhn thng Gii bng tn cho Viba yu cu tm nhn thng gia cc antenna. Vt chn s gy nn suy hao v c th lm cho tuyn khng thc hin c. Vt chn c th l a hnh (nh ni), cy ci, nh ca... Tm nhn thng v tuyn: Kh quyn tri t nh hng ti s lan truyn sng v tuyn bng nhiu con ng. Sng v tuyn truyn vi cc tc khc nhau trong cc khi khc nhau ca kh quyn, s khc nhau ca tnh cht in t gy nn s khc x.
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Do s khc x trong kh quyn sng v tuyn thng b un cong xung, to nn qung ng ln hn tia i thng. Mt ct a hnh: Mc ch ca mt ct a hnh l cung cp thng tin lin quan n tm nhn thng gia cc trm c chn, v quyt nh c trong sng chng li suy hao vt chn. Mt ct a hnh c s dng xc nh phading ca tn hiu thu. Cn bng ng truyn dn: Cn bng ng truyn dn cn c chun b tnh ton mc tn hiu thu trong thi im khng c phading. d tr tng hp tt c suy hao v khuych i ca tn hiu gia u ra b pht v u vo b thu. Phading Tn hiu vo khi thu thay i vi thi gian do nh hng ca phading. Tn hiu vo tnh ton vi d tr tuyn ch c gi tr trong trng hp khng phading. Tuyn cn phi c thit k sao cho c th cung cp bin cho ngng thu, gi l bin phading. Yu cu bin phading c quyt nh gin tip bng tiu chun thit k c cng nhn. Thng thng bin phading nm trong khong 25dB v 40dB. a hnh, kh hu v di tuyn l nhn t quyt nh cho nhy phading ca tuyn truyn dn Viba. Kho st trm v tuyn: Trong qu trnh lp k hoch tuyn Viba phi thc hin vic kho st mc ch nh gi chn tm nhn thng. Trm v ct antenna cn phi c kim tra v khong trng ngun... 2.3. Lp k hoch tn s
99
Mc ch ca vic lp k hoch tn s l s dng s lng t tn s cho mng t c mc nhiu thp khng nh hng ti kh nng tuyn truyn dn Viba. Lp k hoch tn s cho mng khng b nhiu v mt kinh t kh thc hin. Trong nhiu trng hp lp k hoch tn s tnh ton vi mc nhiu cho php cao nht 3dB so vi ngng thu. iu lm cho bin phading phi hn yu cu 3dB. Lp k hoch tn s cn xem xt nhiu ti trm v nhiu pha xa. Nhiu xa l tp m khng mong mun gia b pht v b thu khng cng mt trm. Khong cch gia ngun pht nhiu v b thu nhiu c th t trm mt n 10km. B pht ngun nhiu s gy nn nhiu nghim trng nu b ny pht cng tn s vi tn s b thu. Trng hp ny gi l nhiu knh chung. Yu cu t s tn hiu trn tp m C/I bnh thng cho knh chung l -20dB. Trong mt s trng hp nhiu nghim trng c th xut hin nu tn s tn hiu gy nhiu khc vi tn s tn hiu mong mun. Trng hp ny gi l nhiu knh ln cn. Yu cu t s tn hiu trn tp m C/I bnh thng cho knh ln cn l -15dB. Yu cu quan h C/I ph thuc vo rng bng ca ngun pht nhiu so vi rng bng ca b thu nhiu. Lp k hoch mt mng khng b nhiu t xa yu cu hiu bit tt v tnh trng a hnh ca trm, cu hnh ca trm, cu hnh v kch thc tuyn, thng s thit b, la chn tn s mng hin ti v m hnh truyn sng gia ngun pht nhiu v b thu nhiu. Nhiu t xa thng l thng s gia gii hn nu quyt nh mt tuyn s ni vi bao nhiu tuyn trong mt mng hnh sao. Antenna tt s to iu kin tt cho vic lp k hoch mng. Mt s im chung cn xem xt trong qu trnh lp k hoch tn s: Lp li tn s: lp li tn s cng nhiu cng tt. Antenna cht lng cao: T s F/B cao v chn bp ph tt. Bo m
kinh t tn s.
100
Khng s dng cng sut pht cao hn cn thit. Nu cn nhc gia la chn tng cng sut pht hay rng antenna nn
chn antenna rng nu c th. 2.4. Phn mm thit k mng truyn dn Viba Hin ti mt s phn mm thit k ang c s dng cho vic thit k cc tuyn Viba. Trong ti ny ch gii thiu phn mm c th s dng cho c mng GSM v mng truyn dn Viba. Chng trnh phn mm PlaNET cho php lp k hoch v ti u ho mng thng tin di ng. Mt chc nng ca chng trnh ny dnh cho vic thit k v ti u ho mng truyn dn Viba: - To v nhp d liu cc tuyn Viba. - Hin th cc tuyn Viba c chn v min Fresnel. - Tnh ton v hin th min trong sng gia cc min Fresnel v mt ct a hnh. - Hin th thng tin thit k tuyn Viba trn d liu tuyn. Chc nng thit k Viba c s dng trong menu Tool ca chng trnh PlaNET. Chn Tool => Mirowave Tool. Mn hnh s hin th: Menu File: cho php np v in d liu Viba v cc chc nng lin quan. Menu Setting: cho php kim tra hin th v format ca d liu Viba. Menu Tool: cho php s dng cc chc nng ring ca Viba nh tnh
ton dung lng tuyn. S dng mt ct a hnh Chn DISPLAY => PROFILER vo ca s profiler. hin th mt ct a hnh ca 1 tuyn Viba hin c cn chn ALONG MICROWAVE LINK t menu MODE. la chn tuyn nhn chut gn im xut pht ca tuyn.
101
Cc thng s sau s c hin th trn profiler: - Tm nhn thng ca tuyn. - Khong cch ton tuyn. - Thng s ca trm: S nhn dng, V tr, Gc, cao antenna, cao a hnh. - Thng s tuyn: H s K, di tuyn, Min Fresnel, Tn s. Nu tuyn Viba cha tn ti, c th hin th mt ct a hnh ca tuyn gia 2 trm. Chuyn ch sang MW SITE TO MW SITE. Nhn chut ti 2 trm hin th mt ct a hnh. Cho php hin th cao ti u ca antenna, tn s v min Fresnel: cao antenna: ly t cao trm hoc t ng tnh ton. Tn s: ly t chc nng t ng tnh ton.
CHNG IV: Tnh ton v qui hoch mng thng tin di ng s ti Min Bc
4.1. S lc tnh hnh pht trin thng tin di ng ni chung v thng tin di ng ni ring ti Vit Nam
102
Trong nhng nm gn y , nn kinh t nc ta ang bc vo thi k si ng nht k t trc ti nay . Tc tng trng kinh t hng nm l 8% v nn kinh t ang bc dn vo cng nghip ho . ng thi vi s pht trin v kinh t nhu cu v thng tin lin lc cng pht trin khng ngng . T nm 1998 tr li y h thng thng tin lin tc c hin i ho vi mng tng i SPC v mng truyn dn dung lng cao , bao gm h thng cp quang 34Mb/s ( sp ti s tng ln 622Mb/s trn ng trc Bc- Nam ) v cc tuyn vi ba c dung lng t 2Mb/s ti 140Mb/s . hin ti mng PSTN p ng c nhu cu phn ln v thng tin x hi . Con s ca mng PSTN ln n 1.100.000 thu bao v t d tnh s ln n l 2.500.000 thu bao cui th k ny . Hin nay nhu cu thng tindi ng ngy cng tng theo nhu cu thng tin ni chung . Mt s mng thng tin di ng v ang c lp t s dng nhng c th ni l khng p ng ht yu cu ca ngi dng . Hin ti c mng GSM H Ni vi thit b ca hng Alcatel ( Php ) , ti thnh ph H ch minh v nng l thit b ca hng Erricson ( Thu in ). Ba mng ny thuc mt nh khai thc l thng tin di ng VMS v thc cht c coi l mng PLMN vi Roamming gia 3 vng . Min Bc c din tch chim khong 84.528 km 2 , dn s l 24.664.155 ngi v bao gm 32 thnh ph th x v th trn . Min Bc l u no quan trng ca c nc . y l trung tm cng nghip ca c nc , n bao gm nhiu ngnh cng nghip quan trng ang c c nc u t mt cch tch cc . y cng l ni din ra cc cuc hp quan trng thuc tm c quc t cho nn khi lng khch hng kh ln ca dch v vin thng c bit l dch v thng tin di ng v nhn tin .
4.2. Cu trc tng th mng thng tin di ng GSM-VMS giai on 1998- 6/ 1999
I.
C s pht trin mng giai on 1998 - 6/1999
1) Tnh hnh mng li tnh n ht nm 1997
103
n ht nm 1997. Cng ty VMS ang qun l v khai thc vi cu hnh nh sau : V tr trm : 182 S BTS : 388 S TRX :821 Cp vi ba : 120 Knh thu : 70 E1 Trung k tng i : E1 Trung k Bc - Nam : 6E1 Bc Trung :4E1 Trung Nam :4E1 Dung lng mng li: 146.500 thu bao (27 mE / TB ) S thu bao s dng : 100.000 Cc dch v gia tng : Voice mail , Sort Message , Fax/ Data 2) C s pht trin mng li : + Cu trc tng th mng li thng tin di ng 1996-2000ca VMS + Pht trin thu bao ca VMS : 53.000 trong nm 1997 + D kin u t cho vic pht trin mng li v cc loi dch v ca VMS : 32 triu USD + Phn tch nh gi s liu ca cng ty VMS t thng 7/1996 + D bo pht trin thu bao giai on 1998-6/1999
104
+ D bo pht trin k hoch thu bao trong k hoch 1996- 2000 ca VMS , cho nm 1998: 30.000 v na nm 1999 l 15.000, thp hn 1,5 ln so vi thc t hin nay Nm Thu bao 1998 130.000 1999 160.000 2000 210.000
+ Mt s thng tin di ng tin tin khc s c p dng ti Vit Nam, nh CDMA, LOW orbital Satellite , FHV ... Nm 1997 s thu bao di ng pht trin thm t c 70.000-75.000 trong VMS chim 53.000 t t l 70% so vi tng s thu bao pht trin trong ton tng cng ty . Tuy nhin vi su th nh hin nay , s thu bao ca mng Vinaphn tng trng mnh , ta c th d on c t l pht trin thu bao gia hai mng ny s bng nhau vo cui nm 1998 . Nm 1997 tuy nhin nc ta vn gi c nhp pht trin kinh t cao 8-9% nm , nhng theo nh gi ca bo ch th c hng b chng li , th trng ca chng ta km si ng hn trc . Trn c s s liu v phn tch trn , chng ta thy rng : d bo nhu cu pht trin trong nm 1998 cho VMS l 53.750 tr i khong 20% s thu bao pht trin sang mng Vinaphon , nh vy VMS ch pht trin khong 43.000 my trong nm 1998. Nm 1999 VMS d kin pht trin thu bao l 56.000, nhng VMS ch c kh nng p ng c 40.000 my . Nh vy nm 1998-6/1999 , VMS cn pht trin mng li p ng c 43.000 + 20.000 = 63.000 thu bao pht trin thm . II. Ni dung pht trin
1) Xy dng h thng qun l iu hnh thng tin di ng GSM ton quc ( NMC: Network Management Center ) Nm 1998 s th bao ca Mobiphone ln n hn 100.000 v mng li c ph sng hu ht cc th x , thnh ph v nhng th trn sm ut . Vic qun l
105
iu hnh mt mng li phc tp v trn din rng ton quc i hi phi c thit b hin i , nhanh nhy bi vic xy dng mt trung tm qun l iu hnh ton quc l ht sc cn thit v cp bch . Tuy nhin sau ny c th u ni ng b vo h thng TMN ca Tng cng ty , trong qu trnh thc hin cng ty VMS phi xin kin ch o ca Ban vin thng v cu hnh v phn mm ng dng . 2) Xy dng h thng tnh cc v qun l thu bao tp trung : Vic xy dng mt h thng tnh cc v qun l thu bao tp trung , thun tin cho cng tc qun l v thng nht cch tnh cc trong ton cng ty hay trong ton tng cng ty sau ny i hi ht sc cn thit , lm tho mn yu cu ngy cng tng ca khch hng . 3) Xy dng h thng tr tin trc ( Prepaid system ) thun tin cho khch hng , c bit cho khch du lch , nh thng gia hoc nh chnh khch lu li trn nc ta ngn ngy , mun s dng in thoi di ng m khng phin h bi th tc thanh cc , th dch v tr tin trc p ng c vn ny . Khch hng khng phi thanh ton cc cuc gi sau khi h thi khng s dng dch v in thoi di ng na , mt iu i khi gy phin toi v kh chu cho khch hng v phi ch i . 4) Xy dng mch vng truyn dn trung k : tng cng tin cy v an ton v mng li , p ng nhu cu pht trin nhanh Cng ty thng tin di ng s trin khai cu trc chuyn dn mch vng trong 3 khu vc H ni , T.p H Ch Minh v nng 5) Pht trin mng li GSM S thu bao ang hot ng : 100.000 ( Ht nm 1997 ) Dung li mng li GSM hin c : 1456.500 Thu bao
106
S thu bao d kin s c n 6/1999 : 163.000 Thu bao Nh vy m bo hot ng mng li tt v an ton , s lng thu bao ch c php nm trong 75% dung lng mng. Do ta c th tnh c dung lng mng cn thit l:
163000 100% = 217000TB 75
Dung lng mng cn thit pht trin trong ton cng ty nm 1998 v thng 6 u nm 1999 l : 217.000 146.500 = 70.500 Thu bao . Cng vi 20% d phng ( 15.000 thu bao ) cho s pht trin t bin , v vy dung lng mng pht trin thm trong giai on 1998 n 6/1999 vo khong : 85.500 thu bao , trong : Mng li cho khu vc pha Bc : 20.000 Mng li cho khu vc pha Nam : 60.000 Mng li min Trung : 5.500 Vi c s phn tch v phn b dung lng pht trin cho cc khu vc nh trn , Cng ty thng tin di ng VMS xy dng k hoch pht trin mng li TTD GSM trong giai on 1998- 6/1999 nh sau : Pht trin thm mng v tuyn S trm : 115 trm S BTS : 209 S my thu pht : 420
107
Dung lng : 92.000 TB ( 27 mE ) Truyn dn : Thu : 34 lung E1 Lp 80 cp vi ba bng hp tn s 7,15 hoc 23 Ghz Mng thng tin di ng GSM/VMS tnh n ht nm 1997
Cc tnh khu vc min Bc (Trung tm TTD KV1)

Stt Tnh Stt a im t trm (thnh ph, th x, th trn) MS C Dung lng tng i (27mE) Dung lng v tuyn BSC Site Cell TRX Erlang Thu bao (27mE) Truyn dn Vi ba Thu bao
H ni
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 32.
2 3 4 5
Hi Phng Hi dng Hng Yn Qung Ninh
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19
Lng sn H Ty Bc Giang Ninh Bnh Ngh an Qung Bnh Thanh Ho Bc Ninh Thi Nguyn Ph Th Vnh Phc Nam nh Nam H H Tnh Tng
Tp H ni ng Anh Gia Lm Sn bay Ni bi Ph l Vn in Hi phng sn Hi dng Kim mn Hng Yn Tp H long Bi chy Cm ph Mng ci Lng sn H ng Sn Ty Bc Giang Ninh Bnh Tp Vinh Ca l ng hi Thanh Ho Sm sn Bc Ninh Thi Nguyn Vit tr Phc Yn Nam nh Ph l H Tnh
45000
29 1 1 1 1 1 6 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 67
77 3 1 1 1 1 9 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 122
174 6 2 3 2 2 19 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 267
903 29.2 9.73 17.1 9.73 9.73 94.9 19.5 9.73 9.73 9.73 19.5 9.73 9.73 17.1 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 29.2 9.73 9.73 9.73 9,73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 1363
33456 1081 360 633 360 360 3515 722 360 360 360 722 360 360 633 360 360 360 360 360 1081 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 50483
29 1 1 1 1 1 6
2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 26
45000
42
108
Mng thng tin di ng GSM/ VMS pht trin t 1998 n 6/1999 Cc tnh khu vc Min Bc ( trung tm TTD KV1 )
Stt Cc tnh pht trin thm site MSC Dung lng tng i (27mE) Dung lng v tuyn BSC Site Cell TRX Erlang Thu bao (27mE) Truyn dn Vi ba Thu bao
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
H ni Hi phng Hi dng Hng yn Qung ninh Lng sn h ty Bc Giang Bc ninh Thi nguyn Tuyn quang Cao bng Vnh phc Yn bi Ho bnh Thi bnh Bc Cn lo cai Lai chu H Nam Ninh Bnh Ngh an Thanh Ho Tng
35000
3 1
1 35000 5
15 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 39
45 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 77
90 12 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 12 2 154
292 58.38 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 9.73 58.38 9.73 603.36
10815 2162 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 260 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 2162 360 22339
15 2
17
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 24
Tng hp mng thng tin di ng GSM/VMS pht trin t 1998 n 6/1999

Trung tm S thnh ph, th x, th trn pht trin thm site Dung lng tng i (27mE) Dung lng v tuyn BSC Site Cell TRX Erlang Thu bao (27mE) Truyn dn Vi ba Thu bao
MSC
1 2 3
13 10 4 27
35000 85000 7000 127000
5 0 0 5
39 67 11 117
77 119 15 211
154 240 30 424
603.36 1750.7 146 2500
22339 64834 5404 92577
17 45 2 64
24 19 9 52
Bng tng hp mng thng tin di ng GSM/VMS tnh n ht nm1997

Stt Trung tm S tnh S thnh ph, th x, th trn MSC Dung lng tng i BSC Site Cell TRX Dung lng v tuyn (27mE)
109
1 2 3 TTKV 1 TTKV 2 TTKV 3 Tng 19 21 11 51 32 35 18 85 1 2 1 4 45000 115000 5000 165000 4 2 1 7 67 93 21 181 122 230 30 382 267 491 45 803 50483 88379 7543 146405
Bng tng hp mng thng tin di ng GSM/VMS pht trin tip t 1998 n 6/1999
Stt Trung tm S tnh S thnh ph, th x, th trn MSC Dung lng tng i BSC Site Cell TRX Dung lng v tuyn (27mE)
1 2 3
TTKV 1 TTKV 2 TTKV 3 Tng
8 0 0 8
13 10 4 27
0 0 0 0
35000 85000 7000 127000
5 0 0 5
39 67 11 117
77 119 15 211
154 240 30 424
22339 64834 5404 92577
Bng tng hp mng thng tin di ng GSM/VMS tnh n 6/1999

Stt Trung tm S tnh S thnh ph, th x, th trn Dung lng tng i Dung lng v tuyn (27mE)
MSC
BSC
Site
Cell
TRX
1 2 3
TTKV 1 TTKV 2 TTKV 3 Tng
27 21 11 59
45 45 22 112
1 2 1 4
80000 200000 12000 292000
9 2 1 12
106 160 32 298
199 349 45 593
421 731 75 1227
72822 153213 12947 238982
4.3. Nhu cu v thng tin di ng
Trong vic qui hoch v chn cu hnh cho mng li , vic d on nhu cu l mt vn ht sc quan trng . Vi mng thng tin di ng d on nhu cu da trn c s sau : S liu thng k dn s v mt dn s
110
Mc tng trng kinh t trong khu vc Mc thu nhp bnh qun Nhu cu v thng tin lin lc ni chung da trn c s my in thoi c nh Kinh nghim v pht trin ca cc mng trc Cc s liu thng k cho khu vc Min Bc nh sau : Dn s :24.664.155 ngi Mt : 291 ngi / km2 Tng trng kinh t : 6%
4.3. Dung lng Traffic trung k
Xt nh trung k c 33 knh , iu n c th ni 33 knh ny cng thc hin hot ng , thu bao di ng c th s dng bt c knh no m hin ti ang ri . Gi s 1000 thu bao di ng mi thu bao di ng cn mt lu lng l 33m erlang do c th ti 100% 33 knh ny . S dng bng GOS s cun cp s Traffic c th ( n v erlang ) vi s knh (n) khc nhau v cp dch v GOS khc nhau : V d : N = 30 GOS = 2% ( nghn ) Dung lng Traffic = 24.6 Erlang S thu bao di ng c th phc v c l : 745 thu bao
111
Kch c ca SDCCH l 3s . Cho rng y c 3 ln cp nht v tr khi thit lp
cuc gi v 4 knh SDCCH s dng cho mt thu bao di ng vo gi cao im do vy lu lng SDCCH ca mt thu bao di ng s l : 4 3/ 3600 = 0.0033 Erlang c ngha l 1/10 ca Traffic trung k cho mt tu bao di ng . Mt knh vt l vi 8 knh SDCCH t bng Erlang vi GOS = 2% ta tra c dung lng l: 3.6271 Erlang iu ny c ngha 8 knh SDCCH/8 c th phc v c : 3.6271/ 0.0033 = 1099 thu bao phc v cho 1099 thu bao th vi knh TCH phi cn : 1099 0.033 = 36.271 Erlang
4.4. Hiu qu s dng trung k
Hiu qu s dng trung k l hiu sut s dng ti a mt knh m khng gy nghn ti a cho knh Trong v d trn ( dung lng Traffic trung k ) dung lng traffic trung k (30 knh) l 24.626 Erlang . Trong phn tnh ton s dng gi tr ny c gim 2% vi cp dch v v th cn 24.133 Erlang. Vi trung k c 33 knh trn th hiu qu s dng trung k l : 24.133/ 33 = 73% C ngha l mi knh s dng 73% thi gian . Di y l bng hiu qu s dng vi cc trung k : 6 , 14 , 22 , 30 , 33 , 45 :
4.4. Tnh ton qui hoch mng ti Min Bc
4.4.1. Tnh ton s b
112
Theo tnh ton s thu bao in thoi di ng n nm 1988 l 1000 thu bao , mi thu bao di ng cn mt lu lng l 0.033 Erlang do dung lng traffic ca mng l : 1000 0.033 = 33 Erlang. 4.4.2. Phng n thit k S dng thit b ca hng ALCATEL (Php ). Min Bc l mt vng c din tch min ni v trung du chim 102.486 km 2 , ng bng sng hng v khu bn c chim 63.621 km2 cho nn vn t trm gc l ht sc quan trng. 4.4.3. Yu cu cht lng v ch tiu k thut Yu cu v cht lng h thng : Cc trm gc v ng truyn dn tn hiu phi t yu cu sau y : + 2% GOS + 33m Erlang/ thu bao Yu cu cng thu cc vng ph sng : + Vng th : -74 dBm + Vng ngoi vi thnh ph ln : -92 dBm + Vng ngoi : -92 dBm + Vng nng thn : -94 dBm Thit b s dng : S dng h thng thng tin di ng s GSM ca hng ALCALTEL ( Php ) Cc ch tiu k thut ch yu ca thit b :
113
+ Ngng thu ca my thu bao di ng ( MS ) : -100 dBm + Cn sut my pht ca MS : 33 dBm + Ngng thu ca trm v tuyn gc : -110 dBm + Cng sut pht ca trm gc (BTS ) : 41.5 w + H s tng ch ca Anten thu bao : 3.5 dB + H s tng ch ca Anten trm gc ( BTS ) : 16 dBm + Cp n Anten l Ari Dilectric 7/ 8 50 ; 3.92 dBm / 100m 4.4.4. a im xy dng cng trnh Vi nhng s lng v yu cu trn Cng ty thng tin di ng VMS c d tnh m rng v ng cp tng i MSC/ BSC nh sau : Khu vc pha Bc : + M rng tng i MSC T Lim t dung lng hin c 45.000 thu bao ln 88.000 thu bao . Nng cp phn mm tng ng vi nhu cu pht trin ( phn mm hin nay l R3/ ALCALTEL ) + M rng 4 BSC G2 trong s 7 BSC hin c T 60 TRX ln n 128 TRX . Lp t thm 2 BSC G2 ( 128 TRX ) mi , mt cho H Ni , mt cho thnh ph Vinh . Nng cp phn mm tng ng cho tt c BSC tu R3 ln phn mm tng ng a s BSC cho KV1 ln n 9 4.4.5. Phng php truyn dn tn hiu Tt c BTS thuc cc tnh pha Bc u c qun l bi trung tm BSC/ MSC t ti thnh ph H Ni Phng n t chc ng truyn tn hiu nh sau :
114
S dng knh truyn dn 2Mb/s t H Ni c i theo tuyn vi ba ng trc 34 Mb/s c sn n cc trm pha Bc sau dn v trm trung tm . 4.4.6. Tnh ton vng ph sng Trc tin vi bn a hnh ton Min Bc ta tm c cc thng s cao theo tng hng nht nh v t p dng cng thc Okumura - Hata tnh ton cng thu ti tng on khong cch khc nhau theo tng hng xc nh : Ta qui c nh sau : + Hng Ty : A0 -A1 + Hng ng : A0- A2 + Hng Bc : A0- A3 + Hng Nam : A0 - A4 + Hng ng Bc : A0 - A5 + Hng ng Nam : A0- A6 + Hng Ty Bc : A0 - A7 + Hng Ty Nam : A0 - A8 Sau y l bn v mt ct theo tng hng.
Da vo bn v mt ct . Vi cc hng c vt chn ta dng cng thc tnh cho thnh ph (do b suy hao nhiu ) , vi cc hng khng c vt chn ta dng cng thc tnh cho vng ngoi ( do nh hng ca cy ci sng h ) . Sau khi tnh ton song cc kt qu c ghi li trong bng Cc thng s tnh ton cng trong ti tng hng .
115
T trung tm trm BTS i vi tt c cc hng v t c vng ph sng ca cc trm BTS . Vn tnh ton v v ra vng ph sng l rt quan trng i vi vng gm nhiu Cell . Bi v vng ph trn l rt khc so vi d kin ban u khi thit k . Sau khi o c v ta xc nh cc vng cha c ph i n quyt nh c t thm mt hay nhiu trm BTS na hay khng .
116
Kt lun S pht trin tng tc vi mng vin thng vi dung lng ln bng vi ba s v cp quang l c s h tng quan trng , to nn iu kin thun li pht trin mng thng tin di ng GSM mi min t nc . Do ngun vn c hn ngnh Bu in ch trng pht trin m rng ngnh thng tin di ng theo tng pha , trc tin pht trin khu vc trng im kinh t v du lch ri m dn ra cc trung tm chnh . Vn qui hoch mng thng tin di ng Min Bc ch l mt trong cc buc tin hnh m rng mng thng tin di ng ti ton quc . Ngoi ra cn c nhiu trung tm du lch kinh t khc khp c nc c nhu cu thng tin di ng ng k song din tch ph vn cn hn hp . p ng nhu cu dch v thng tin di ng pht trin , thc hin ch tiu k thut tng tc mng vin thng ca ngnh Bu in v tin hnh mt mng thng tin a dch v ( ISDN ) ph hp vi xu th pht trin mng vin thng th gii , cn thit phi m rng mng thng tin di ng khp c nc . Trong thi gian thc tp tt nghip ti cng ty Thng tin di ng VMS , ti c gng phn tch , xem xt cc d n u t , pht trin mng thng tin di ng s GSM , thy c cc u im t p dng tnh ton thng tin di ng s ti Min Bc . Tuy nhin do iu kin thi gian v trnh c hn , ti thy mnh mi ch gii quyt c mt phn rt t cc ni dung c bn trong ngnh thng tin di ng , trong ni dung ch mi khi qut ch cha i su vo chi tit . Ti thc su sc rng mc d c nhiu c gng nhng chc chn bn lun n ny c nhiu thiu st v hn ch , ti rt mong c s ng gp ca cc thy c gio trong trng v ca Cng ty thng tin di ng VMS ti hon thnh ni dung nghin cu ti ca mnh . Ti xin trn thnh cm n Thy gio - GS on Nhn L v k s ht sc gip v ng gp kin ti c th hon thnh tt bn lun n tt nghip ny ./. H Ni ngy 12- 1 - 1999
117
Sinh vin thc hin
118

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quy hoch mng thng tin di ng Phn III.

Phng php tnh ton quy hoch mng M hnh 4/12

Sau y l v d ca th hiu chnh t bo co ca Okumura. th (2,3,4)

th 3: K yu t hiu chnh a hnh qu cao Tx (A) Rx (B)

Gi s ta c mt s thng s nh sau: Tn s: 900MHz

mu bc x phi hp. Loi n gin nht l Angten 2 hng c pht di theo 2

Cng thc cn bng c th c vit li:

BTS [dBm] Cng sut Pht

Bng cng sut thu pht:

dB V W dBm dB dB dBm dBi dBm dB

-92,8 BTS 12,6 41 3 2,2 39,8 11 46,8 122,8

-76 MS 2,6 33 0 0 * 3 36 122,8

-100,8 BTS 12,6 41 3 2,2 39,8 11 46,8 122,8

-84 MS 12,6 33 0 0 * 3 30 122,8

-102,8 BTS 12,6 41 3 2,2 35,8 11 46,8 122,8

-94 MS 12,6 33 0 0 * 3 30 122,8

2.2.7 Cc thng s h thng: * Cc thng s Cell:

MIN SUF F BTS

Quy hoch gii php ca ERICSON

5- S chun quy hoch 6-D on vng ph sng bng my tnh

D on C/I phn tn bng my tnh gian

OK? 10-Kim tra vng ph v C/I

Bit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TS Not used all TCH0 ones

cm 2 bit. Bn cnh cch khung TRAU, mt knh bo hiu trn mt n v khung cn mt

4. Chc nng ca BIE BIE c cc chc nng chnh nh sau:

Frame Unit No.2

Frame Unit No.3 Frame Unit No.4

Frame Unit No.5

BS Interface BIU2M SMBS SMH W

BIU2M SMH SMBS W

CM C 0 TCUA TCUA BSC TCUA 8

8 Q1 Priter VDU LATD

Hnh 2.4: Nguyn l s dng ca BIU2M

BIU2M 1 2M SMBS SMHW Highway SMHW SMBS HW No.1

DMC TCUA BS C TCUA

BIU2M 3 2M SMBS SMHW Highway SMHW SMBS HW No.3

b. M t chc nng b.1. Cc chc nng c bn

4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 Not in use (all binary 1) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 FU SIG 17 18 19 20 Not in use 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

FU1 TCH (8)

FU2 TCH (8)

FU3 TCH (8)

FU4 TCH (8)

FU5 TCH (8)

FU6 TCH (8)

FU6SIG FU5SIG FU4SIG FU3SIG

LAPD/TSC Q.1 1 1 1 1 1 1 OETM

FU2SIG FU1SIG OET M

FU2SIG FU1SIG OET M

Hnh 2.8: Cu hnh multidrop

Bc sng v tn s sng in t quan h theo cng thc sau:

C s pht trin mng giai on 1998 - 6/1999

1) Tnh hnh mng li tnh n ht nm 1997

Cc tnh khu vc min Bc (Trung tm TTD KV1)

Hi Phng Hi dng Hng Yn Qung Ninh

Tng hp mng thng tin di ng GSM/VMS pht trin t 1998 n 6/1999

35000 85000 7000 127000

154 240 30 424

603.36 1750.7 146 2500

22339 64834 5404 92577

Bng tng hp mng thng tin di ng GSM/VMS tnh n ht nm1997

TTKV 1 TTKV 2 TTKV 3 Tng

35000 85000 7000 127000

154 240 30 424

22339 64834 5404 92577