tkfr xk;u

M fuR;f;k JhokLro
MhfQy]laxhr oh.k] bykgkckn foofo|ky;]bykgkckn Qksu: 09379629499, 09448173894 irk: C/o V.P.N. Srivastava 222D Jagmal ka hata,Allahabad-U.P.-211016 bZesy: nityapriya2215@rediffmail.com,nityapriya2215@gmail.com Hkkjr esa 'kkL=h; laxhr dh ijaijk cM+h kphu gSA jkx ds knqHkkZo ds iwoZ tkfr xku dh ijaijk Fkh tks oSfnd ijaijk dk gh Hksn FkkAtkrh xk;u kphu xk;u 'kSyh gS tksfd 'kkL=h; fu;eksa ls c//k lqe/kqj xk;u 'kSyh jgh gS A tkrh xk;u ds fo"k; esa Hkjr eqfu us vius xzUFk esa foLrkj ls crk;k gS fd&^^tkfr;k ukV'kkL= esa of.kZr /#ok xhrksa dh Lojfyfi ;k lkaxhfrd vax FkhA fo}kuksa ds fopkj ls /#ok xhr lkfgR; o laxhr dh fefJr cafn'kksa Fkha tks ukVd ds nks Hkkxksa ds chp ds le; esa xk;h tkrh Fkha vFkok lk/kkj.k turk esa Hkxorkjk/kuk ds fy, ;ksx gksrk FkkA bl dkj tkfr;k laxhr dh lqUnj o jhfr ;q dqN vkfr;k Fkha ftUgsa jkx dk vxzxkeh ;k Lrkouk Lo:i ;Pre cursors) dgk tk ldrk gSA1 tkfr ls gh jkx dh [kkst ekuh tkrh gSA ^^Jqfrxzg% LojkfnlewgkTtk;Ur bfr tkr;%A2 vFkkZr~ Jqfr] xzg vkfn Loj lewgksa dks tkfr dgrs gSA erax dh bl ifjHkk"kk esa Jqfr rFkk xzg Lojksa ds lewg dks tkfr dgk gS Jqfr ls rkRi;Z og Jo.k ;ksX; lw{e /ofu tks laxhr esa ;q gksrh gS rFkk xzgkfn Lojksa ls rkRi;Z tkfr esa ;q gksus okys eq[; Loj ls gS] vr% bl dkj tc Lojksa dh ;kstuk gksrh gS] rc mls tkfr dh laKk nku dh tkrh FkhA nhIrk;rk d:.kkuka e`nqe/;e;ksLr;kA Jqrhuka ;ksfo'ks"kKks u l vkpk;Z mPprsA vFkkZr%& nhIrk] vk;rk] d:.kk] e`nq rFkk e/;] bu Jqfr;ksa dks tks ugha tkurk og vkpk;Z ugha dgykrkA3 ^^Hkjr us bu ikp tkfr;ksa ;k Jqfr;ksa dk o.kZu bl dkj fd;k gS%& Fks ftlds vk/kkj ij gh vk/kqfud jkx y{k.k dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;kA Hkjr ds ukV'kkL= esa ^tkfr* dk gh fo'ks"k o.kZu feyrk gSA fdlh Loj lewg ls fdl dkj ^tkfr* dk <kpk dSls curk gS bl ij fopkj dj Hkjr us vius iqLrd ukV'kkL= esa tfr;ksa ds nl y{k.k crk,sa gS& ^x`gka'kkS rkjeUkS p U;klhiU;kl ,o pA vYiRoa p cgqRoa p "kkokSMqfors rFkkAA66AA5 vFkkZr& 1 xzg] 2 va'k] 3 rkj] 4 eU] 5 U;kl] 6 viU;kl] 7 vyiRo] 8 cgqRoa] 9 vkSM+o] 10 "kko ;s nl tkfr ds y{k.k gSAbu y{k.kksa dks ikp tksM+ksa ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gS& &&xzg&va'k &&rkj&ea &&U;kl&viU;kl &&vYiRo&cgqRo &&"kkMo& vkSMqo tkfr y{k.k dk ;kstu gS fd mlesa tkfr esa fdl Loj dh eq[krk gksxh] og dgk ls kjaHk gksxk] dgk xhr dh lekfIr gksxh] rkj vkSj eU dk dSlk ;ksx gksxk] dkSu lk Loj nqcZy vkSj dkSu lk lk/kkj.k gksxk] ,d ;k nks Lojksa dk otZu dj fdl dkj ls "kkMo o vkSMo :i cusaxsA tc ;s lHkh ckrsa fdlh Loj lewg esa fuf'pr fu;e }kjk lekfgr gksaxh rks og tkfr vFkok jkx ds vUrxZr ekuk tk;sxkA bUgha fu;eksa dks nl ikfjHkkf"kd uke nsdj ^tkfr y{k.k* dgk x;k gSA

1 nhIrk& ftlesa ped gks tks nsnhI;eku gksA blds vUrxZr ckn esa
mRiUu gqbZ 'kSh] oftzdk] rhozk] mxzk vkfn gSA

2 vk;rk& ftlesa QSyko o foLrkj dk {ks= vf/kd gksA blds

vUrxZr ks/kk] lkfj.kh] lanhiuh] jksfg.kh vkSj dqe}rh vkrh gSA mudh Hkh ;gh fo'ks"ksrk gSA

3 e`nq& ftlesa 'kkfUr vkSj dkseyrk gksA blds leku fo'ks"krkvksa

okyh jfrdk] hfr] f{kfr vkSj eUnk blds vUrxZr vkrh gSA

4 e/;k& ftlesa leku xfr ls pyus dh {kerk gksA blds vUrxZr

jk] jkE;k] jatuh] HkktZuh] {kksfe.kh vkrh gSA

5 d:.kk& ftlesa ikyqrk ;k n;kyqrk vkSj lgkuqHkwfr dh Hkkouk

gksA blds vUrxZr n;korh] enUrh vkSj vykfiuh gSA4

& xzg&va'k&xzg dk vFkZ gS ,slh txg tg ls cafn'k dks mBk;k tkrk gSA vkt dy Hkh ^mBku* 'kCn dk bLreky gksrk feyrk gSA ;g laLr dk 'kCn gSAva'k dk vFkZ fdlh pht dk fgLlk gksrk gSA tkfr ds lanHkZ esa bldk vFkZ gqvk ,slk Loj tks Hkkx cuk;sA ;kfu ftlds ek/ ;e ls ea] e/; vkSj rkj dks foHkkftr fd;k tk ldsA kphu dky esa tkfr O;oLFkk Fkh ftldk vk/kkj xzke vkSj ewNZuk jgk gSA R;sd xzke dh lkr lkr ewNZuk;sa gksrh gSaA ewNZuk dk kjaHk ftl Loj ls gksrk Fkk mls ^va'k* ds :i esa tkuk x;kA ewNZuk dk vFkZ gh gS lkr Lojksa dk vkjksg.k vojksg.kA vFkkZr~ ftl Loj ls ewNZuk kjaHk gksus tk jgh gS og ml ewNZuk dk va'k Loj gksxkA lkrksa Lojksa dks va'k Loj cuk dj gjsd xzke esa lkr ewNZuk;sa cukbZ tk ldrh gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa xzke ds ewy vUrjkyksa dks fcuk cnys gq, ek= va'k Loj ds vk/kkj ij u;k lIrd cu tkrk gSA bl dkj va'k cnyus ls Lojksa ds varjky cny tkrs gSaA bl dkj kphuksa dks lIrd esa D;k Loj yxsxk bldh tkudkjh u ns ek= va'k Loj cryk nsus ls dke py tkrk FkkA & rkj eU & tkfr xku esa va'k Loj rks e/; lIrd ls gh kjaHk
gksrk Fkk vkSj rkj LFkku va'k Loj ls pkj] ikp ;k lkr Loj rd Hkh rkj lIrd esa ;ksx fd;ktk ldrk FkkA mlh dkj va'k ls vkBosa Loj ds uhps rd eU dk ;ksx gksrk FkkA tkfr ;k jkx esa dqN rks

tkfr ds y{k.k&
ftl dkj vk/kqfud le; esa jkx vkSj mlds nl y{k.k ekus tkrs gSa oSls gh tkfr xku ds fuekZ.k esa nl y{k.kksa dk gksuk vko';d le>k tkrk FkkAokLro esa ewy:i ls kphu tkfr y{k.k gh

iwokaZx /kku dqN mkjkax /kku o dqN lHkh lIrd esa fopj.k djus okys gksrs gSaA vFkkZr~ tkfr;ksa vkSj jkxksa dks okLro esa ea rkj vkSj e/ ; ds chp esa gh ?kweuk gksrk gSA blhfy;s rkj & eU dks tkfr ;k jkx ds y{k.kksa esa LFkku fn;k x;k gSA &&U;kl &viU;kl& tgk iwjs xhr dh lekfIr gks og U;kl vkSj tgk xhr ds fdlh [k.M dh lekfIr gks rks og viU;kl dgykrk gSA ge tkurs gh gSa fd fdlh xhr ;k xhr [k.M dh lekfIr fdlh Hkh Loj esa #dus ls ugha gks tkrh gSA mlds fy;s fu/kkZfjr Loj LFkku gksuk vko';d gSA &&vYiRo&cgqRo& tkfr ;k jkx esa tks Loj nqcZy ;q gksrk gS mls vYiRo vkSj tks Loj cy gksrk gS mls cgqRo ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA bu nksuksa ds gh nks nks Hksn gSa& &ya?ku vYiRo] &vuH;kl vYiRo tc fdlh tkfr ;k jkx esa dksbZ Loj ;q rks gksrk gS ij mldks yk?k tkrs gSa] tSls jkx fcgkx esa _"kHk Loj dks vkjksg djrs le; yk?krs jgrs gSa ;Fkk] uh l x e x rc mls ya?ku vYiRo dgsaxsA blh dkj ls tc fdlh Loj dks fcuk ml ij Bgjko fd;s ;ksx djrs gSa rks mls vuH;kl vYiRo dgsaxsA ;Fkk& jkx iwfj;k esa _"kHk LojA & vukya?ku cgqRo & vH;kl cgqRo&;s nksuks gh vYiRo ds mYVs gSa; vFkkZr~ ftl Loj dk ya?ku ugh fd;k tk ldrk og vukya?ku cgqRo] vkSj tkfr ;k jkx esa ftl Loj dk ckj ckj ;ksx gksrk gS og Loj vH;kl cgqRo dgykrk gSA

fu"d"kZr%
tkfrxk;u dk gekjs fgUnqLrkuh 'kkL=h; laxhr esa cgqr ego jgk gS A /khjs /khjs ns'kdky ifjorZu ]tksfd fr dk fu;e gh gS] mlds varxZr xk;u dh fofHkUu 'kSfy;ksa dk tUe gqvk vkSj oks dgha uk dgha tfrxk;u ls R;{k ;k ijks{k :i ls lEcaf/kr jgh gS A mnkgjaLo:i ge dg ldrs gSa dh tkfrxk;u ds y{k.kksa esa ls ,d gS & "kkMo&vkSMo tksfd tkfrxk;u dk y{k.k rks gS gh vfirq orZ~reku le; esa pfyr jkx ds y{k.kksa esa ls Hkh ,d gSA jkxksa dh mRifk tkfrxk;u ds vk/kkj ij gh ekuh tkrh gS ] vFkkZr la{ksi esa ;g vo'; gh dgk tk ldrk gS fd orZ~reku le; esa xk;s tkus okys xk;u 'kSfy;ksa dk vk/kkj kphudky esa xkbZ tkus okyh tkfrxk;u 'kSyh gh gS A

lUnHkZ xzUFk%
1-laxhrTtyh] "k Hkk] i`&1
What are the jatis as described in Bharatas Natyashartra, The Journal of the Music Academy Madras,Vol. XXXIII 1962 Parts I IV page 124 surmi Prajnanananda.

2- laxhrTtyh] "k Hkk] i`&1 3-ukjnh; f'k{kk& ukun] Hk'kqHkdjVhdk lfgr] Fke ikBd lIreh df.Mdk] i`0 50 4- [;ky 'kSyh dk fodkl& MkW0 e/kqcky lElsok& i`0 34&351 5- ukV'kkL=& Hkjr & i`0 & 43 6- Hkkjrh; laxhr dk bfrgkl& MkW0 Lokfr 'kekZ i`0 123 7-Historical Development of Indian Music Page - 126

&& "kkMo&vkSMo& lIrd esa ,d ;k nks Lojksa dk otZu djds "kkMo ;k vkSMo tkfr ;k jkx curs gSaA ia vksadkj ukFk Bkdqj ds vuqlkj ^uohurk ;k oSfp= mitkus esa jkx i)fr esa otZu dk fo'ks"k egRo gSA fdUrq euekus <ax ls otZu ugha fd;k tk ldrkA tks Loj tkfr dk iw.kZ :i esa nqcZy ;k vYi gksxk mlh dk yksi ;k otZu gks ldsxkA* Hkkjrh; laxhr esa vkt Hkh lEiw.kZ "kkMo vkSMo jkx gSa tSls & lEiw.kZ jkx&;eu] dkQh] t;t;oUrh] iwfj;k/kukJhA "kkMo jkx& ekjok] iwfj;k] jkxsJh] ckxsJhA vkSMo jkx& lkjax] ekydkSal] Hkwikyh bR;kfnA
tkfr y{k.k ds bl fo'ys"k.k ls ;g rF; Li"V gks tkrk gS fd Hkkjrh; ijaijk esa lkaxhfrd eeZKrk] vUrfoZ'ys"k.kkRedrk] lw{e f"V vkSj xgu fpUru dk cgqr xgjk lUrqyu Fkk tks fo'o esa Hkkjrh; n'kZu dh ,d felky gStkfr ds Hksn& tkfr ds nks Hksn ekus x;s gSA& 1 'kq)k 2 fork

"kM~t xzke dh tkfr;k &"kkM~th] vk"kZHkh] /kSorh] uS"kknh] xkU/kkjh]

e/;ek] iapeh mijks 'kq) tkfr;ksa dk ukedj.k lIr Lojksa ds uke ls gqvk gS&

e/;e xzke dh tkfr;k &

1 "kM~tdSf'kdh 2 "kM~tksnhP;.k 3 "kM~te/;k&"kM~t xzke ds vUrxZr vkrs gS rFkk 4 xkU/kkjhnhP;ok 5 jxa/kkjh 6 xka/kkj& iapeh 7 e/;eksnhP;ik 8 uUn;Urh 9 dekZRoh 10 vkU/kzh 11 dSf'kdh ;s e/;e xzke ds vUrxZr for tkfr;k gSaA6 ^^bl dkj lkr vk/kkj tkfr;k] tks yxHkx 600&500 bZ0 iw0 esa pfyr gqbZ Fkha] vBkjg tkfr;ksa esa ifjf.kr o fodflr gks xbZ tSlk fd ukV 'kkL= esa dgk x;k gSA bUgha 18 tkfr;ksa ls N% xzkejkx mRiUu gq, ftlls vusdksa mijkx fudysA mijkxksa ls Hkk"kk jkx vkSj fQj foHkk"kk jkx o foHkk"kk ls vUrj Hkk"kk jkx /khjs&/khjs fed fodkl ds :i esa lkeus vk,A7