You are on page 1of 51

: VI (3+2+1)

:
: .
:



().
,
.
. .
, ,
.
MATLAB-.
.
. .
.
(Backpropagation).
.


,
,
(
):


.
.
.
.
.
.

.


2
:
I 8.
(02.05.2011.)
II 15. (13.06.2011.)
5% , 15%
, 3x10% , I
25% II 25%.

,

.

Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence A Modern


Approach, Prentice Hall, 2003
.M.Milosavljevi: Raunarska inteligencija (pdf), Elektrotehniki
fakultet Banja Luka, 2006
M.Jockovi, Z.Ognjanovi, S.Stankovski: Vjetaka inteligencija:
Inteligentne maine i sistemi, Krug, Beograd, 1997
N.K.Kasabov: Foundations of Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems, and
Knowledge Engineering, MIT Press, London 1998
S. Haykin, Neural Networks a Comprehensive Foundation
(2ed),Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliff, NJ, 1999
C.M.Bishop: Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning , Springer,
2006
M.M.Boi, Metodi vjetake inteligencije, Predavanja-prezentacije,
ETF Banja Luka, 2009/2010.



inteligere , .

.

.


,

,
,
,
.

.

(1)

,
a ,
:
o
o
o
o
o
o






,

o




(Patrick Winston)

(1)


( Nils J. Nilsson)


( ) . (Elaine Rich)
, ,

(2)

, , ,
,
.

()

/ .


() (Artificial
Intelligence)
.
()
,
.

.


- ,




, .
, ?
?

,
,
,

, .


(1)

?
,
?


.
:

?
?
?
?


(2)

:



.

:


(, , ,...)
.

(3)


,
, ,
;


.
( John Searl)

, ,

.


(4)

( , )

,
.
(Allen Newell, Herbert Simon) ,
(
)
(, , , )
, :

.
(
) .

.


(5)

,


, :
...
. , ,
.
,
,
. ,
, .


(6)
Searl,1980,1992;

:
1.
2.
3.

()
4. (
)


(7)
4 , ,
:
--

.
-- ,
,


.



:
,
.

.
:
? (*),

, , .
Turing, A.M.,Computing Machinery and Intelligence,
Mind, 59:433-460, 1950

(*)


: ,
.
(*),
:
( )
( )

(*) (1)
(*), .
--

--
.
o : E6 Bacteriophage


?
,
.

(*) (2)

(*) (3)
(*), .
o


.
o ,

, ,
.
o
, .

(Alan Turing, 1912-1954)

:
.

.
,
.
,


, ,
.

.

: .
?"
?"

.

2000, 30%
5 .

50 .
: ,
, , .

(1)
1991 Hu Lobner
100 000$

.



.

:

.
":

() .
.
-- ?
1)
(top-down),
2)
(bottom-up).

(, Cognitive Science and Cognitive


Neuroscience) .

:
"

: /
?

:
;
.


:
1.
2.



? ?

:

:

:

.

.,

.


.

.
,
() :
[f: P* A]
,
( )
.
:

.


()
.

. .

.
,
,
.
,
, (),
().

,
,


!


,
, ,

.

1943 McCulloch & Pitts:

1950 Computing Machinery and Intelligence


1950- , Samuel- checkers
Newell & Simon: Logic Theorist, Gelernters Geometry Engine
1956 Dartmouth : Artificial
Intelligence( :
,
, , )
196674

(1)
1980- 88
198893
( )
198595
1988


: (Artificial Life),
, (Soft Computing)



:
,
,
,

.
:
(, ),
, ,
,
.

(1)
:
, ,
,
(, ,
),
,


(Expert systems)
(Natural
language processing)
(Computer vision)
(Robotics)

(Problem solving and planning)
(Machine learning)

(1)



(Fuzzy systems)


(Data mining)

,

:
o
o
.
GOFAI (Good-Old-Fashioned-AI)

.

,

.


(1)


( ),
(knowledge- based)
(top down)
(bottom-up)
(,
, ).
()


.


(2)
:
( ,
).

.
--
(emergent behavior).
--

-- :
: e (crossover),
a a a
e.


:
:
:


10,000,000+
100,000+
1,000+

15+
30+
50+


- . !

GOFAI ,
-
.

,

.

, ,
( ) .

1997: Deep Blue


1999: AI Remote Agent


Deep Space 1
60 000 000





(University of Parma)

Artificial Vision and Intelligent


Systems
Laboratory, known as VisLab.

,
.

, ,
.

You might also like