Sequence stratigraphy

I. Historic background A. (Brongniart, Cuvier, DOrbigny, Oppel) stratotype stages : occurrence of stratigraphy B. 1840-1950 (Gressly Moore) the Facies concept. C. 1880-1890 (Walther) time integrated D. 1850-1950 sequences E. 1950-1980 Seismic stratigraphy: EXXON model

(Brongniart, Cuvier, DOrbigny, Oppel)

Is the notion of stratotype longer valid?

1840-1950 (Gressly Moore) Facies concept

Depositional environment

1880-1890 (Walther)

Environments are shifting trough time

Multiple concepts

Klpfellian Parasequence Sequence

Cycle

depositional sequence

genetic unit

SAME GEOLOGIC OBJECT

B A S I C T O O L S

Outcrop approach of unconformity bounded stratigraphic sequences (Sloss et al., 1949)

In the 1970s emergence of seismic stratigraphy

EXXON MODEL

A MODEL LINKED TO GLOBAL EUSTASY!!!

LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY APPROACH

Back to data Facies analysis and paleoenvironnement definitions

A: Meandering system-B: Braided system-C: Estuary mouth association-D: Central Estuary-E: Delta plain-F: Upper delta front-E: Prodelta

Relationship between energy fluxsediment supply and accommodation in the shoreface

Equilibrium Sedimentssediments supplied to supplied the shoreface to the shoreface can are totally not beare removed removed dispersed by by waves waves by longshore and and so drifts. accommodation basement Accommodation is also iseroded positive. is zero and so accommodation is negative.

Shelf-edge deposits (Golf of Mexico- De SOTO Canyon)

SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY SURFACES

SUBAERIAL UNCONFORMITY

Western Canada sedimentary basin

SU at the base of Early Cretaceous strata showing the paleogeomorphology of the fluvial system. Note the highly meandering pattern of fluvial channels

CORRELATIVE CONFORMITY

BASAL SURFACE OF FORCED REGRESSION

WAVE DOMINATED COASTAL TO SHALLOW MARINE SETTING

WAVE DOMINATED SHELF SETTING

RIVER-DOMINATED DELTAIC SETTING

REGRESSIVE SURFACE OF MARINE EROSION

MAXIMUM REGRESSIVE SURFACE

MAXIMUM FLOODING SURFACE

SYSTEMS TRACTS

HST

FSST

LST

 Coastal morphology during base level rise

TST

ONLAP

DOWNLAP
OFFLAP DOWNLAP Surface

TRUNCATION

DOWNLAP

DOWNLAP Surface

IN FLUVIAL SYSTEMS

Low vs high accommodation systems tracts

Low vs high accommodation systems tracts

SEQUENCE MODELS