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Slope Deflection
Slope Deflection
General Case
Stiffness Coefficients
Stiffness Coefficients Derivation
Fixed-End Moments
Pin-Supported End Span
Typical Problems
Analysis of Beams
Analysis of Frames: No Sidesway
Analysis of Frames: Sidesway
Cj
settlement = j
Mij
Mji
Degrees of Freedom
M
1 DOF:
2 DOF: ,
P
B
Stiffness
kAA
kBA
A
L
k AA =
4 EI
L
k BA =
2 EI
L
kBB
kAB
1
L
k BB =
4 EI
L
k AB =
2 EI
L
Fixed-End Forces
Fixed-End Moments: Loads
P
L/2
PL
8
L/2
PL
8
L
P
2
P
2
w
wL2
12
wL
2
wL2
12
wL
2
General Case
Cj
settlement = j
Mij
Mji
Mij
Mji
i
L
4 EI
2 EI
i +
j = M
ij
L
L
Mji =
2 EI
4 EI
i +
j
L
L
i
(MFij)
+
(MFji)
settlement = j
+
P
(MFij)Load
M ij = (
settlement = j
w
(MFji)Load
4 EI
2 EI
2 EI
4 EI
) i + (
) j + ( M F ij ) + ( M F ij ) Load , M ji = (
) i + (
) j + ( M F ji ) + ( M F ji ) Load 8
L
L
L
L
Equilibrium Equations
i
Cj
Cj M
Mji
Mji
jk
Mjk
j
+ M j = 0 : M ji M jk + C j = 0
Stiffness Coefficients
Mij
Mji
kii =
4 EI
L
k ji =
2 EI
L
k jj =
4 EI
L
kij =
2 EI
L
+
1
10
Matrix Formulation
M ij = (
4 EI
2 EI
) i + (
) j + ( M F ij )
L
L
M ji = (
2 EI
4 EI
) i + (
) j + ( M F ji )
L
L
M ij (4 EI / L) ( 2 EI / L) iI M ij F
M =
+ M F
EI
L
EI
L
(
2
/
)
(
4
/
)
j ji
ji
kii
k ji
[k ] =
kij
k jj
Stiffness Matrix
11
Mij
Mji
[ M ] = [ K ][ ] + [ FEM ]
([ M ] [ FEM ]) = [ K ][ ]
[ ] = [ K ]1[ M ] [ FEM ]
Mij
Mji
Fixed-end moment
Stiffness matrix matrix
+
(MFij)
(MFji)
(MFji)Load
Displacement
matrix
Force matrix
12
Mi
Real beam
i
Mi + M j
L
Mi + M j
L/3
M jL
2 EI
Mj
EI
Conjugate beam
Mi
EI
MiL
2 EI
M j L 2L
MiL L
)( ) + (
)( ) = 0
2 EI 3
2 EI 3
M i = 2 M j (1)
+ M 'i = 0 : (
+ Fy = 0 : i (
M L
MiL
) + ( j ) = 0 (2)
2 EI
2 EI
13
i
i
L
Mi
L
2L
3
Mi
EI
i
+ M ' j = 0 : (
MiL
2 EI
M i L 2L
)( ) i L = 0
2 EI 3
ML
i = ( i )
3EI
i = 1 = (
Real beam
Mi
L
Conjugate beam
j
+ Fy = 0 : (
MiL
ML
) ( i ) + j = 0
3EI
2 EI
j =(
MiL
3EI
) Mi =
L
3EI
MiL
)
6 EI
14
Conjugate beam
A
M
EI
M
EI
M
EI
ML
2 EI
ML
2 EI
P
PL2
16 EI
PL
4 EI
M
EI
PL2
16 EI
PL
ML ML 2 PL2
+ Fy = 0 :
+
= 0, M =
2 EI 2 EI 16 EI
8 15
P
PL
8
PL
8
L
P
2
P
2
P/2
PL/8
P/2
-PL/8
-PL/8
-
-PL/8
-PL/16
-
-PL/16
PL/4
+
-PL/8
PL PL PL PL
+
=
+
16
16
4
8
16
Uniform load
w
Real beam
Conjugate beam
A
B
M
EI
M
EI
M
EI
ML
2 EI
ML
2 EI
wL3
24 EI
wL2
8 EI
M
EI
wL3
24 EI
wL2
ML ML 2 wL3
+ Fy = 0 :
+
= 0, M =
2 EI 2 EI 24 EI
12 17
Settlements
Mi = Mj
Real beam
Mj
Conjugate beam
L
Mi + M j
M
EI
M
EI
Mi + M j
L
M
EI
ML
2 EI
ML
2 EI
M
EI
+ M B = 0 : (
ML L
ML 2 L
)( ) + (
)( ) = 0,
2 EI 3
2 EI 3
M=
6 EI
L2
18
w
B
2 EI
4 EI
A +
B
L
L
4 EI
2 EI
A +
B
L
L
A
A
+
P
B
w
(FEM)BA
(FEM)AB
A
B
= 0 = (4 EI / L) A + (2 EI / L) B + ( FEM ) AB
(1)
M BA = 0 = (2 EI / L) A + (4 EI / L) B + ( FEM ) BA
( 2)
M AB
M BA = (3EI / L) B + ( FEM ) BA
( FEM ) BA
2
19
MA
2 EI
4 EI
A +
B
L
L
4 EI
2 EI
A +
B
L
L
A
A
B
(MF BA)load
(MF AB)load
(MF
AB)
A
A
B
B
(MF BA)
4 EI
2 EI
F
F
A +
B + ( M AB
) load + ( M AB
) (1)
L
L
2 EI
4 EI
F
F
A +
B + ( M BA
)load + ( M BA
) (2)
M BA =
L
L
2(2) (1)
3EI
1
1
M
F
F
F
: M BA =
)load ( M AB
)load ] + ( M BA
) + A
B + [( M BA
2
2
2
2
L
M AB = M A =
E lim inate A by
20
Fixed-End Moments
Fixed-End Moments: Loads
P
PL
8
L/2
L/2
PL
8
L/2
PL 1
PL
3PL
+ ( )[(
)] =
8
2
8
16
P
L/2
wL2
12
wL2
12
wL2 1
wL2
wL2
)] =
+ ( )[(
12
2
12
8
21
Typical Problem
CB
w
P1
P2
C
A
B
L1
PL
8
PL
8
L2
wL2
12
L
0
PL
4 EI
2 EI
M AB =
A +
B + 0 + 1 1
8
L1
L1
0 EI
PL
2 EI
4
M BA =
A +
B + 0 1 1
8
L1
L1
0
2
P2 L2 wL2
4 EI
2 EI
M BC =
B +
C + 0 +
+
L2
L2
8
12
0
2
P2 L2 wL2
2 EI
4 EI
B +
C + 0 +
M CB =
8
12
L2
L2
wL2
12
22
CB
w
P1
P2
C
A
B
L1
L2
CB M
BC
MBA
M BA =
M BC
PL
2 EI
4 EI
A +
B + 0 1 1
8
L1
L1
P L wL
4 EI
2 EI
=
B +
C + 0 + 2 2 + 2
L2
L2
8
12
+ M B = 0 : C B M BA M BC = 0 Solve for B
23
P1
MAB
CB
w
MBA
A
L1
P2
MBC
L2
C M
CB
M CB =
L2
L2
8
12
24
P1
MAB
A
Ay
CB
w
MBA
B
L1
P2
MCB
MBC
L2
Cy
By = ByL + ByR
P1
MAB
A
Ay
L1
MBA
ByL
P2
MBC
ByR
L2
C
MCB
Cy
25
Example of Beams
26
Example 1
Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and qualitative
deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.
10 kN
6 kN/m
C
A
4m
4m
6m
27
10 kN
6 kN/m
C
A
4m
PL
8
4m
6m
wL2
30
PL
8
wL2
20
FEM
MBA
MBC
4 EI
2 EI
(10)(8)
A +
B +
8
8
8
0
2 EI
4 EI
(10)(8)
M BA =
A +
B
8
8
8
0
4 EI
2 EI
(6)(6 2 )
B +
C +
M BC =
6
6
30
0
2 EI
4 EI
(6)(6) 2
B +
C
M CB =
6
6
20
M AB =
+ M B = 0 : M BA M BC = 0
4 EI 4 EI
(6)(6 2 )
+
=0
(
) B 10 +
8
6
30
2.4
B =
EI
Substitute B in the moment equations:
10 kN
8.8 kNm
10.6 kNm
6 kN/m
C
8.8 kNm
4m
4m
10 kNm
6m
2m
18 kN
10 kN
6 kN/m
10.6 kNm
8.8 kNm B
10 kNm
8.8 kNm
Ay = 5.23 kN
ByL = 4.78 kN
ByR = 5.8 kN
Cy = 12.2 kN
29
10 kN
10.6 kNm
6 kN/m
C
A
4m
5.23 kN
4m
6m
10 kNm
12.2 kN
V (kN)
5.8
5.23
+
x (m)
- 4.78
10.3
M
(kNm)
-10.6
Deflected shape
-12.2
+
-8.8
2.4
B =
EI
x (m)
-10
x (m)
30
Example 2
Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and qualitative
deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.
10 kN
6 kN/m
C
A
4m
4m
6m
31
10 kN
6 kN/m
C
A
4m
PL
8
4m
6m
wL2
30
PL
8
wL2
20
FEM
10
[M] = [K][Q] + [FEM]
0 4 EI
2 EI
(10)(8)
A +
B +
M AB =
(1)
8
8
8 10
2 EI
4 EI
(10)(8)
A +
B
(2)
M BA =
8
8
8
4 EI
2 EI 0 (6)(6 2 )
B +
C +
(3)
M BC =
6
6
30
2 EI
4 EI 0 (6)(6) 2
B +
C
(4)
M CB =
6
6
20
6 EI
2(2) (1) : 2 M BA =
B 30
8
3EI
B 15 (5)
M BA =
8
32
MBA
MBC
B
M BC
4 EI
(6)(6 2 )
=
B +
6
30
M CB =
2 EI
(6)(6)
B
6
20
(3)
(4)
3EI
B 15 (5)
8
+ M B = 0 : M BA M BC = 0
M BA =
3EI 4 EI
(6)(6 2 )
+
= 0 (6 )
(
) B 15 +
8
6
30
7.488
B =
EI
4 EI
2 EI
A +
B 10
8
8
23.74
A =
EI
Substitute B in (1) : 0 =
33
10 kN
12.19 kNm
A
4m
4m
6 kN/m
C
12.19 kNm
6m
8.30 kNm
18 kN
B
B
12.19 kNm
6 kN/m
C
8.30 kNm
12.19 kNm
Ay = 3.48 kN
ByL = 6.52 kN
ByR = 6.65 kN
Cy = 11.35 kN
34
10 kN
6 kN/m
C
A
3.48 kN
4m
4m
6m
11.35 kN
V (kN)
6.65
3.48
x (m)
- 6.52
-11.35
14
M
(kNm)
x (m)
-12.2
Deflected shape
23.74
A =
EI
B =
7.49
EI
-8.3
x (m)
35
Example 3
Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and qualitative
deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.
10 kN
4 kN/m
C
A
2EI
4m
B
4m
3EI
6m
36
10 kN
4 kN/m
C
A
2EI
(10)(8)/8
(10)(8)/8
4m
4m
0
M AB
3EI
B (4)(62)/12
6m
(4)(62)/12
10
4(2 EI )
2(2 EI )
(10)(8)
=
A +
B +
(1)
8
8
8 10
M BA =
2(2 EI )
4(2 EI )
(10)(8)
A +
B
8
8
15 8
(2)
2(2) (1)
3(2 EI )
(3 / 2)(10)(8)
: M BA =
B
( 2a )
2
8
8
12
4(3EI )
(4)(6 2 )
B +
(3)
M BC =
6
12
37
10 kN
4 kN/m
C
A
3EI
2EI
(3/2)(10)(8)/8 B (4)(62)/12
4m
6m
4m
(4)(62)/12
15
3(2 EI )
(3 / 2)(10)(8)
M BA =
B
( 2a )
8
8
12
2
4(3EI )
(4)(6 )
B +
(3)
M BC =
6
12
M BA M BC = 0 : 2.75EI B = 12 + 15 = 3
B = 1.091 / EI
3(2 EI ) 1.091
(
) 15 = 14.18 kN m
8
EI
4(3EI ) 1.091
(
) 12 = 14.18 kN m
=
6
EI
2(3EI )
=
B 12 = 10.91 kN m
6
M BA =
M BC
M CB
38
10 kN
A
2EI 14.18
4m
4 kN/m
C 10.91
B
14.18
3EI
6m
4m
10 kN
A
24 kN
B
4 kN/m
14.18 kNm
140.18 kNm
10.91 kNm
C
Ay = 3.23 kN
ByL = 6.73 kN
ByR = 12.55 kN
Cy = 11.46 kN
39
10 kN
4 kN/m
C 10.91 kNm
A
2EI
3.23 kN
4m
V (kN)
3.23
3EI
11.46 kN
6m
4m
x (m)
-11.46
12.91
M
(kNm)
5.53
+
+
-
-10.91
-14.18
Deflected shape
x (m)
B = 1.091/EI
x (m)
40
Example 4
Draw the quantitative shear , bending moment diagrams and qualitative
deflected curve for the beam shown. EI is constant.
10 kN 12 kNm
4 kN/m
C
A
2EI
4m
B
4m
3EI
6m
41
10 kN 12 kNm
4 kN/m
C
2EI
3EI
2
1.5PL/8 = 15 B wL /12 = 12 wL2/12 = 12
4m
6m
4m
M BA =
3(2 EI )
B 15 (1)
8
M BC =
4(3EI )
B + 12 (2)
6
2(3EI )
B 12 (3)
6
12 kNm
M
MBA
BA
M CB =
B MBC MBC
Jo int B : M BA M BC 12 = 0
-3.273/EI
4(2 EI )
2(3EI )
(10)(8)
A +
B +
M AB =
8
8
8
7.21
A =
EI
3.273
M BA = 0.75 EI (
) 15 = 17.45 kN m
EI
3.273
M BC = 2 EI (
) + 12 = 5.45 kN m
EI
3.273
M CB = EI (
) 12 = 15.27 kN m
EI
0
B =
3.273
EI
42
3.273
) 15 = 17.45 kN m
EI
3.273
M BC = 2 EI (
) + 12 = 5.45 kN m
EI
3.273
M CB = EI (
) 12 = 15.27 kN m
EI
M BA = 0.75EI (
24 kN
10 kN
4 kN/m
A
5.45 kNm
2.82 kN
17.45 kNm
7.18 kN
10.36 kN
10 kN 12 kNm
2.82 kN
B
17.54 kN
13.64 kN
4 kN/m
C
15.27 kNm
15.27 kNm
13.64 kN
43
10 kN 12 kNm
4 kN/m
C 15.27 kNm
A
2.82 kN
4m
3EI
2EI
7.21
EI
3.273
B =
EI
B
17.54 kN
6m
4m
13.64 kN A =
10.36
V (kN)
2.82
3.41 m
-7.18
M
(kNm)
-13.64
11.28
7.98
+
-
x (m)
-
-5.45
-15.27
-17.45
Deflected shape
7.21
A =
EI
x (m)
x (m)
B =
3.273
EI
44
Example 5
Draw the quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative
deflected curve for the beam shown. Support B settles 10 mm, and EI is
constant. Take E = 200 GPa, I = 200x106 mm4.
10 kN
12 kNm
6 kN/m
B
C
A
3EI
2EI
4m
4m
10 mm
6m
45
10 kN
12 kNm
6 kN/m
B
C
A
3EI
2EI
6 EI
L2
4m
4m
6 EI
L2
[FEM]
PL
8
6 EI
L2
6m
6 EI
L2
PL
8
10 mm
wL
30
C
wL2
30
[FEM]load
-12
4(2 EI )
2(2 EI )
6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)
M AB =
A +
B +
+
(1)
8
8
82
8
2(2 EI )
4(2 EI )
6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)
M BA =
A +
B +
( 2)
8
8
82
8
0
4(3EI )
2(3EI )
6(3EI )(0.01) (6)(6 2 )
M BC =
B +
C
+
(3)
2
6
6
6
30
0
2(3EI )
4(3EI )
6(3EI )(0.01) (6)(6) 2
M CB =
B +
C
(4)
2
6
6
6
30
46
10 kN
12 kNm
6 kN/m
B
C
A
3EI
2EI
4m
4m
10 mm
6m
4(2 EI )
2(2 EI )
6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)
A +
B +
+
(1)
8
8
82
8
2(2 EI )
4(2 EI )
6(2 EI )(0.01) (10)(8)
=
A +
B +
( 2)
8
8
82
8
M AB =
M BA
M AB =
M BA
2(2) (1)
3(2 EI )
: M BA =
B + 75 (75 / 2) 10 (10 / 2) 12 / 2 (2a )
8
2
47
10 kN
12 kNm
6 kN/m
B
C
A
3EI
2EI
4m
4m
10 mm
6m
MBC
B
B = 64.109/ EI
Substitute B in (1):
A = -129.06/EI
10 kN
12 kNm
6 kN/m
B
146.69 kNm
A
64.58 kNm
4m
4m
64.58 kNm
6m
18 kN
10 kN
64.58 kNm
B
146.69 kNm
B
Ay = 11.57 kN
ByL = -1.57 kN
6 kN/m
64.58 kNm
ByR = -29.21 kN
C
Cy = 47.21 kN
49
10 kN
12 kNm
6 kN/m
C
A
2EI
11.57 kN
3EI
4m
47.21 kN
6m
4m
A = -129.06/EI
B = 64.109/ EI
V (kN)
1.57
x (m)
-
-29.21
M
(kNm)
12
58.29
146.69 kNm
-47.21
64.58
x (m)
-146.69
Deflected shape
x (m)
A = -129.06/EI
10 mm
B = 64.109/ EI
50
Example 6
For the beam shown, support A settles 10 mm downward, use the slope-deflection
method to
(a)Determine all the slopes at supports
(b)Determine all the reactions at supports
(c)Draw its quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams, and qualitative
deflected shape. (3 points)
Take E= 200 GPa, I = 50(106) mm4.
6 kN/m
B
2EI
3m
1.5EI
12 kNm
A
10 mm
3m
51
6 kN/m
B
2EI
3m
6(32 )
= 4.5
12
6(1.5 200 50)(0.01)
32
= 100 kN m
12 kNm
A
1.5EI
10 mm
3m
6 kN/m
4.5
C
C
MFw
A
0.01 m
MF
100 kN m
M CB =
4(2 EI )
C
3
M CA =
4(1.5EI )
2(1.5 EI )
C +
A + 4.5 + 100 (2)
3
3
12
M AC =
(1)
2(1.5EI )
4(1.5 EI )
C +
A 4.5 + 100 (3)
3
3
2(2) (2)
3(1.5EI )
3(4.5) 100 12
: M CA =
C +
+
+
3
2
2
2
2
( 2a )
52
6 kN/m
B
2EI
3m
1.5EI
12 kNm
A
10 mm
3m
4(2 EI )
C (1)
3
3(1.5 EI )
3(4.5) 100 12
=
C +
+
+
3
2
2
2
M CB =
M CA
MCB
MCA
( 2a )
Equilibrium equation:
M CB + M CA = 0
(8 + 4.5) EI
3(4.5) 100 12
+
+
+ =0
C
C
3
2
2
2
15.06
C =
= 0.0015 rad
EI
2(1.5 EI ) 15.06 4(1.5 EI )
Substitute C in eq.(3)
12 =
(
)+
A 4.5 + 100 (3)
EI
3
3
34.22
A =
= 0.0034 rad
EI
53
6 kN/m
B
2EI
12 kNm
1.5EI
3m
10 mm
3m
15.06
34.22
= 0.0015 rad A =
= 0.0034 rad
EI
EI
2(2 EI )
2( 2 EI ) 15.06
=
C =
(
) = 20.08 kN m
3
3
EI
4(2 EI )
4(2 EI ) 15.06
=
C =
(
) = 40.16 kN m
3
3
EI
C =
M BC
M CB
20.08 kNm
B
20.08 kN
40.16 kNm
40.16 + 20.08
= 20.08 kN
3
18 kN
6 kN/m
40.16 kNm
C
26.39 kN
12 kNm
8.39 kN
54
12 kNm
6 kN/m
C = 0.0015 rad
A = 0.0034 rad
2EI
3m
B
40.16 kNm
C
20.08 kN
40.16 kNm
V (kN)
6 kN/m
C
26.39 kN
26.39
12 kNm
Deflected shape
-20.08
20.08
12
-40.16
C = 0.0015 rad
8.39 kN
8.39
x (m)
+
M (kNm)
10 mm
3m
20.08 kNm
20.08 kN
1.5EI
x (m)
x (m)
A = 0.0034 rad
55
Example 7
6 kN/m
B
2EI
3m
1.5EI
12 kNm
A
10 mm
3m
56
12 kNm
6 kN/m
B
2EI
3m
C
B
6( 2 EI ) C 4 EI C
=
2
3
3
M BC
M CB
M CA =
2(2 EI )
4 EI
=
C
C
3
3
4(2 EI )
4 EI
=
C
C
3
3
1.5EI
10 mm
3m
EI C
C
C
4 EI C
3
6 kN/m
4.5
100
(1)
(2)
0.01 m
6(1.5 EI ) C
= EI C
2
3
6(32 )
= 4.5
12
6(1.5 200 50)(0.01)
32
= 100 kN m
4(1.5 EI )
2(1.5EI )
C +
A + EI C + 4.5 + 100 (3)
3
3
12
2(1.5 EI )
4(1.5 EI )
M AC =
C +
A + EI C 4.5 + 100 (4)
3
3
2(3) (4)
3(1.5 EI )
EI
3(4.5) 100 12
: M CA =
C + C +
+
+
(3a)
2
3
2
2
2
2
57
12 kNm
6 kN/m
B
2EI
3m
1.5EI
3m
18 kN
Equilibrium equation:
6 kN/m
MBC
B
By
C
(C y ) CB = (
MCB
MCA
M BC + M CB
(C y ) CA
)
3
MCB
MCA
(Cy)CB
10 mm
12 kNm
Ay
M + 12 + 18(1.5) M CA + 39
= CA
=
3
3
M C = 0 : M CB + M CA = 0 (1*)
C y = 0 : (C y ) CB + (C y ) CA = 0 (2*)
(Cy)CA
C = 52.27 / EI = 5.227 mm
58
6 kN/m
B
2EI
3m
1.5EI
12 kNm
A
10 mm
3m
Solve equation
C =
25.51
= 0.00255 rad
EI
52.27
C =
= 5.227 mm
EI
M CB = 1.67 kN m
A =
M CA = 1.67 kN m
2.86
= 0.000286 rad
EI
6 kN/m
35.68 kNm
B y = 18 5.55
= 12.45 kN
2EI
3m
1.5EI
3m
12 kNm
A
18(4.5) 12 35.68
6
= 5.55 kN
Ay =
59
6 kN/m
35.68 kNm
2EI
12.45 kN
3m
12 kNm
A
1.5EI
10 mm
5.55 kN
3m
V (kN) 12.45
C = 0.00255 rad
+
0.925 m
x (m)
C = 5.227 mm
-5.55
A = 0.000286 rad
M (kNm)
1.67
14.57
+
12
x (m)
-35.68
Deflected shape
C = 5.227 mm
C = 0.00255 rad
x (m)
A = 0.000286 rad
60
61
Example 6
For the frame shown, use the slope-deflection method to
(a) Determine the end moments of each member and reactions at supports
(b) Draw the quantitative bending moment diagram, and also draw the
qualitative deflected shape of the entire frame.
10 kN
12 kN/m
C
3m
B
3EI
40 kN
3m
2EI
A
1m
6m
62
10 kN
36/2 = 18
12 kN/m
Equilibrium equations
C
B
3m
40 kN
3m
A
1m
2EI 2
36
(wL /12 ) =36
PL/8 = 30
3EI
PL/8 = 30
6m
Slope-Deflection Equations
M AB =
M BA =
M BC
10
MBC
MBA
10 M BA M BC = 0 (1*)
14 4.667
=
(3EI )
EI
2(3EI )
B + 30 (1)
6
B =
4(3EI )
B 30 (2)
6
Substitute B =
3( 2 EI )
B + 36 + 18 (3)
=
6
4.667
in (1) to (3)
EI
M AB = 25.33 kN m
M BA = 39.33 kN m
M BC = 49.33 kN m
63
10 kN
12 kN/m
20.58
C
3m
49.33
39.33
3EI
40 kN
3m
25.33
A
1m
2EI
10
-39.3
-49.33
27.7
6m
B
B
49.33
39.33
27.78 kN
B = -4.667/EI
40 kN
A
17.67 kN
25.33
Deflected curve
64
Example 7
Draw the quantitative shear, bending moment diagrams and qualitative
deflected curve for the frame shown. E = 200 GPa.
25 kN
5 kN/m
B
240(106) mm4
5m
180(106)
120(106) mm4
60(106) mm4
D
3m
3m
4m
65
25 kN
PL/8 = 18.75
18.75
B
240(106) mm4 C
5m
5 kN/m
180(106)
6.667+ 3.333
120(106) mm4
60(106) mm4
D
3m
3m
0
4(2 EI )
2(2 EI )
M AB =
A +
B
5
5
0
2(2 EI )
4(2 EI )
M BA =
A +
B
5
5
4( 4 EI )
2(4 EI )
M BC =
B +
C + 18.75
6
6
2(4 EI )
4(4 EI )
M CB =
B +
C 18.75
6
6
3( EI )
C
M CD =
5
3(3EI )
M CE =
C + 10
4
E
(wL2/12 ) = 6.667
4m
M BA + M BC = 0
8 16
8
( + ) EI B + ( ) EI C = 18.75 (1)
5 6
6
M CB + M CD + M CE = 0
16 3 9
8
( ) EI B + ( + + ) EI C = 8.75 (2)
6 5 4
6
From (1) and (2) : B =
5.29
EI
C =
2.86
EI
66
67
MAB = -4.23 kNm, MBA = -8.46 kNm, MBC = 8.46 kNm, MCB = -18.18 kNm,
MCD = 1.72 kNm, MCE = 16.44 kNm
20 kN
25 kN
16.44 kNm
3m
3m C
C
2.54 kN B
2.54 kN 2.54-0.34
=2.2 kN
8.46 kNm
18.18 kNm
(20(2)+16.44)/4
(25(3)+8.46-18.18)/6
14.12 kN
= 14.11 kN
= 10.88 kN
10.88 kN
B
8.46 kNm
(8.46 + 4.23)/5
= 2.54 kN
5m
E 2.2 kN
5.89 kN
14.12+14.11=28.23 kN
1.72 kNm
(1.72)/5 = 0.34 kN
B
5m
2.54 kN
0.34 kN
4.23 kNm
10.88 kN
28.23 kN
68
24.18
1.29 m 2.33 m
14.11
10.88
1.18 m
-2.54
2.82 m
-14.12
-2.54
0.78 m
-8.46
-5.89 -8.46 +
-18.18
0.34
4.23
Shear diagram
0.78 m
3.46
1.72
1.18 m
-16.44
1.67m
Moment diagram
1.29 m 2.33 m
B = 5.29/EI
1.18 m
C = 2.86/EI
1.67m
Deflected curve
69
70
Example 8
Determine the moments at each joint of the frame and draw the quantitative
bending moment diagrams and qualitative deflected curve . The joints at A and
D are fixed and joint C is assumed pin-connected. EI is constant for each member
3m
1m
B
10 kN
3m
A
71
Overview
Unknowns
B
1m
10 kN
B and
Boundary Conditions
3m
MAB
Ax
3m
A
Ay
A = D = 0
MDC
D D
Equilibrium Conditions
- Joint B
Dy
B
MBA
MBC
M B = 0 : M BA + M BC = 0 (1*)
- Entire Frame
+
Fx = 0 : 10 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)
72
(0.375EI)
1m
B
10 kN
(5.625)load
MAB
C
(0.375EI)
10 kN
4m
4m
3m
(1.875)load
(0.375EI)
(1/2)(0.375EI)
(0.375EI)
Ax
Dx
3m
MBA
Slope-Deflection Equations
0.375EI
5.625
2
2( EI )
10(3)(1 ) 6 EI
M AB =
B +
+ 2
(1)
4
42
4
5.625
0.375EI
2
4( EI )
10(3 )(1) 6 EI
M BA =
B
+ 2
(2)
4
42
4
M BC =
3( EI )
B
3
(3)
1
M DC = 0.375EI 0.375EI = 0.1875EI (4)
2
MDC
+ M B = 0 :
( M AB + M BA )
4
Ax = 0.375EI B + 0.1875EI + 1.563 (5)
Ax =
+ M C = 0 :
Dx =
M DC
= 0.0468EI (6)
4
73
Equilibrium Conditions:
M BA + M BC = 0 (1*)
10 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)
Solve equation
Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)
2EI B + 0.375EI = 5.625 ----(7)
Slope-Deflection Equations:
Substitute (5) and (6) in (2*)
2( EI )
M AB =
B + 5.625 + 0.375EI (1)
0.375EI B 0.235EI = 8.437 (8)
4
4( EI )
M BA =
B 5.625 + 0.375EI (2) From (7) and (8) can solve;
4
5.6
44.8
3( EI )
=
B
M BC =
B (3)
EI
EI
3
5.6
44.8
M DC = 0.1875EI (4)
Substitute B =
and =
in (1)to (6)
EI
EI
Horizontal reaction at supports:
Ax = 0.375EI B + 0.1875EI + 1.563 (5)
Dx = 0.0468EI (6)
74
B
1m
10 kN
5.6
3m
8.42
D 2.1 kN
15.88
7.9 kN
3m
5.6
7.8
= 44.8/EI
C
= 44.8/EI
5.6
15.88
8.42
B = -5.6/EI
D
Deflected curve
75
Example 9
From the frame shown use the slope-deflection method to:
(a) Determine the end moments of each member and reactions at supports
(b) Draw the quantitative bending moment diagram, and also draw the
qualitative deflected shape of the entire frame.
B
C
2 EI
10 kN
2m
pin
4m
2.5 EI
EI
D
4m
3m
76
Overview
B 2EI
B
10 kN
2m
A
EI
MAB
Ax
Ay
4m
CD
C
BC
2.5EI
Unknowns
B and
MDC
Boundary Conditions
Dx
D
3m
4m
A = D = 0
Dy
Equilibrium Conditions
- Joint B
B
MBA
MBC
M B = 0 : M BA + M BC = 0 (1*)
- Entire Frame
+
Fx = 0 : 10 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)
77
Slope-Deflection Equation
C
B
CD
BC
5
B 2EI C
10 kN
36.87
4m
2.5EI
EI
2m
PL/8 = 5
D
A
4m
3m
0.375EI
B
2( EI )
B + 0.375EI + 5 (1)
4
(6)(2.5EI)(1.25)/(5)2 = 0.75EI
4( EI )
M
=
B + 0.375EI 5 (2)
C
BA
4
CD= 1.25
3(2 EI )
C
M BC =
B 0.2813EI (3)
4
M AB =
M DC = 0.375EI (4)
D
0.75EI
6EI/(4)
2=
0.375EI
0.5625EI
B
B
(1/2) 0.5625EI
C
C
(1/2) 0.75EI
(6)(2EI)(0.75)/(4) 2 = 0.5625EI
BC= 0.75
78
Horizontal reactions
B
2 EI
pin
C
10 kN
2m
4m
2.5 EI
EI
D
4m
3m
MBC
MBA
B
10 kN
C
MBC
MBC
4
C
MBC/4
79
Equilibrium Conditions:
M BA + M BC = 0 (1*)
10 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)
Slope-Deflection Equation:
Solve equations
Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)
2.5EI B + 0.0938 EI 5 = 0 (7)
2( EI )
6 EI
0.0938EI B + 0.334EI 5 = 0 (8)
B + 5 + 2
(1)
4
4
From (7) and (8) can solve;
6 EI
4( EI )
M BA =
B 5 + 2
(2)
4
4
1.45
14.56
=
B
3(2 EI )
3(2 EI )(0.75)
EI
EI
M BC =
B
(
3
)
2
4
4
1.45
14.56
3(2.5EI )(1.25)
Substitute B =
and =
in (1)to (6)
M DC =
(
4
)
EI
EI
52
Horizontal reactions at supports:
MAB = 15.88 kNm
MBA = 5.6 kNm
( M BA + M AB 20)
(5)
Ax =
MBC = -5.6 kNm
4
MDC = 8.42 kNm
3
Ax = 7.9 kN
M DC M BC
4
Dx =
(6)
Dx = 2.1 kN
4
80
M AB =
1.91
1.91
B
2 EI
pin
C
10 kN
2m
2.5 EI
EI
11.19 kNm
8.27 kN
0.478 kN
4m
5.46
4m
1.73
0.478 kN
3m
B
1.91
1.91
5.35
A
B=1.45/EI
B=1.45/EI
11.19
5.46
D
Bending-moment diagram
D
Deflected shape
81
Example 10
From the frame shown use the moment distribution method to:
(a) Determine all the reactions at supports, and also
(b) Draw its quantitative shear and bending moment diagrams, and
qualitative deflected curve.
3m
20 kN/m
B
pin
C
3EI
3m
2EI
4m
4EI
A
D
82
Overview
Unknowns
3m
20 kN/m
B
3EI
2EI
B and
Boundary Conditions
4EI
A = D = 0
4m
Equilibrium Conditions
- Joint B
A
[FEM]load
3m
MBA
MBC
M B = 0 : M BA + M BC = 0 (1*)
- Entire Frame
+
Fx = 0 : 60 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)
83
Slope-Deflection Equation
B
20 kN/m
3m
6(2EI)/(3)
= 1.333EI
3EI
= 15
wL2/12
2EI
4EI
6(2EI)/(3) 2
= 1.333EI
A
A
[FEM]load
M BA
1.5EI
4m
wL2/12 = 15
M AB
3m
(1/2)(1.5EI)
6(4EI)/(4) 2
= 1.5EI
[FEM]
D
4(2 EI )
2(2 EI )
=
A +
B + 15 + 1.333EI = 1.333EI B + 15 + 1.333EI ----------(1)
3
3
0
2( 2 EI )
4(2 EI )
=
A +
B 15 + 1.333EI = 2.667 EI B 15 + 1.333EI ----------(2)
3
3
3(3EI )
B = 3EI B ----------(3)
3
0
3( 4 EI )
=
D + 0.75 EI = 0.75 EI ----------(4)
4
M BC =
M DC
84
Horizontal reactions
MAB
C
B
1.5 m
+ M B = 0 :
60 kN
4m
1.5 m
M BA + M AB + 60(1.5)
3
Ax = 1.333EI B + 0.889 EI + 30 (5)
Ax =
A
Ax
MBA
Dx
MDC
+ MC = 0:
Dx =
M DC
= 0.188EI (6)
4
85
Equilibrium Conditions
M BA + M BC = 0 (1*)
60 Ax Dx = 0 (2*)
Equation of moment
M AB = 1.333EI B + 15 + 1.333EI (1)
M BA = 2.667 EI B 15 + 1.333EI (2)
M BC = 3EI B
(3)
M DC = 0.75 EI ( 4)
Dx = 0.188EI (6)
Solve equation
Substitute (2) and (3) in (1*)
5.667 EI B + 1.333EI = 15 (7)
B =
5.51
EI
34.67
EI
34.67
5.51
and =
EI
EI
M AB = 53.87 kN m
M BA = 16.52 kN m
M BC = 16.52 kN m
Substitute B =
in (1)to (6)
M DC = 26.0 kN m
Ax = 53.48 kN
Dx = 6.52 kN
86
3m
20 kN/m
C
3m
M AB = 53.87 kN m
M BA = 16.52 kN m
M BC = 16.52 kN m
53.87 kNm 4m
M DC = 26.0 kN m
16.52 kNm
Ax = 53.48 kN
53.48 kN
A
5.55 kN
26 kNm
Dx = 6.52 kN
6.52 kN
5.55 kN
16.52
16.52
53.87
A
Moment diagram
26.
D
A
Deflected shape
D
87